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Betlej I, Żurek N, Cebulak T, Kapusta I, Balawejder M, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Jaworski S, Lange A, Kutwin M, Krochmal-Marczak B, Kłosińska T, Nasiłowska B, Mierczyk Z, Borysiuk P. Evaluation of Chemical Profile and Biological Properties of Extracts of Different Origanum vulgare Cultivars Growing in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9417. [PMID: 39273364 PMCID: PMC11395194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This research studied the phenolic content compared with the antioxidant properties of various O. vulgare (Lamiaceae) cultivars grown in Poland. The research results in this paper indicate that the dominant ingredient in all oregano cultivars was rosmarinic acid, known for its strong antioxidant properties. The highest amounts of rosmarinic acid (87.16 ± 4.03 mg/g dm) were identified in the O. vulgare spp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. Other metabolites identified in the studied extracts include luteolin O-di-glucuronide-O-di-pentoside (30.79 ± 0.38 mg/g dm in the 'Aureum' cultivar), 4'-O-glucopyranosyl-3', 4'-dihydroxy benzyl-protocatechuate (19.84 ± 0.60 mg/g dm in the 'Margerita' cultivar), and p-coumaroyl-triacetyl-hexoside (25.44 ± 0.18 mg/g dm in the 'Margerita' cultivar). 'Hot & spicy' and 'Margerita' cultivars were characterized by the highest activity in eliminating OH• and O2•- radicals. Extracts from Greek oregano had the highest ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and chelate iron ions. This research has also provided new evidence that oregano has anti-migratory, cytotoxic properties and influences the viability of gastric cancer cells (the highest cytotoxicity was attributed to the 'Hot & spicy' cultivar, which performed the worst in antioxidant properties tests). Extracts from the tested cultivars at a concentration of 0.625% effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. It seems that the oregano grown in Poland is of good quality and can be successfully grown on a large scale if the appropriate use is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Betlej
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, 1a Ćwiklińskiej St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Center, 4/96 Tarasowa St., 20-819 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, State University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Teresa Kłosińska
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Nasiłowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Borysiuk
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Kostelecka K, Bryliński Ł, Komar O, Michalczyk J, Miłosz A, Biłogras J, Woliński F, Forma A, Baj J. An Overview of the Spices Used for the Prevention and Potential Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1611. [PMID: 38672692 PMCID: PMC11049028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in terms of cancer-related deaths and is the fifth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. Its risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, the consumption of broiled and charbroiled animal meats, salt-preserved and smoke-enhanced foods, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, exposure to ionizing radiation, and positive family history. The limited effectiveness of conventional therapies and the widespread risk factors of GC encourage the search for new methods of treatment and prevention. In the quest for cheap and commonly available medications, numerous studies focus on herbal medicine, traditional brews, and spices. In this review, we outline the potential use of spices, including turmeric, ginger, garlic, black cumin, chili pepper, saffron, black pepper, rosemary, galangal, coriander, wasabi, cinnamon, oregano, cardamom, fenugreek, caraway, clove, dill, thyme, Piper sarmentosum, basil, as well as the compounds they contain, in the prevention and treatment of GC. We present the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the effectivity of a given seasoning substance and their impact on GC cells. We discuss their potential effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. For most of the spices discussed, we also outline the unavailability and side effects of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kostelecka
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Łukasz Bryliński
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Olga Komar
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Michalczyk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Agata Miłosz
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Biłogras
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Filip Woliński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (Ł.B.); (O.K.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.)
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3
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Di Liberto D, Iacuzzi N, Pratelli G, Porrello A, Maggio A, La Bella S, De Blasio A, Notaro A, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Affranchi F, Giuliano M, Lauricella M, Carlisi D. Cytotoxic Effect Induced by Sicilian Oregano Essential Oil in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2733. [PMID: 38067161 PMCID: PMC10706043 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Origanum vulgare L. is an aromatic plant that exerts antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities, mainly due to its essential oil (EO) content. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanism underlying the in vitro antitumor activity of EO extracted by hydrodistillation of dried flowers and leaves of Origanum vulgare L. grown in Sicily (Italy) in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Oregano essential oil (OEO) composition highlighted the presence of twenty-six major phytocompounds, such as p-cymene, γ-terpinene, and thymoquinone p-acetanisole. OEO possesses strong antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by the DPPH test. Our studies provided evidence that OEO reduces the viability of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The cytotoxic effect of OEO on breast cancer cells was partially counteracted by the addition of z-VAD-fmk, a general caspase inhibitor. Caspases and mitochondrial dysfunction appeared to be involved in the OEO-induced death mechanism. Western blotting analysis showed that OEO-induced activation of pro-caspases-9 and -3 and fragmentation of PARP decreased the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL while increasing those of Bax and VDAC. In addition, fluorescence microscopy and cytofluorimetric analysis showed that OEO induces a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell lines. Furthermore, we tested the effects of p-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymoquinone, and p-acetanisole, which are the main components of OEO. Our findings highlighted that the effect of OEO on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells appears to be mainly due to the combination of different constituents of OEO, providing evidence of the potential use of OEO for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Nicolò Iacuzzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.I.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonella Porrello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonella Maggio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.I.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Federica Affranchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.N.); (A.D.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (S.E.)
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González ASC, Valencia MG, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Zapata AB, Cervantes-Villagrana AR. Cytotoxic and Antitumor Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tagetes erecta in Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7055. [PMID: 37894532 PMCID: PMC10609614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all cancers, lung cancer is the one with the highest mortality rate, and it also has limited therapeutics. Antitumor agents based on medicinal plants have gained importance as a source of bioactive substances. Tagetes erecta is a plant of great cultural value, and recent reports have suggested its cytotoxic effects in tumor cells. Our objective was to evaluate the antitumor activity of Tagetes erecta extract in a lung carcinoma model. Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from fresh flowers and leaves of T. erecta; both extracts did not exert toxicity on Artemia salina. We observed cytotoxic effects induced by the floral extract in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and breast tumor cell line (MCF7), but not by the leaf extract. In vivo, a xenograft lung carcinoma model was performed with LLC cells implanted on C57BL/6 mice, which showed that the floral extract reduced tumor growth and improved the effect of etoposide. Microscopic analysis of tumors showed a reduction in mitoses and an increase in necrotic areas with the extract and the etoposide. The main phytochemical compounds found are 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, octadecanoic acid, benzenacetic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and acetic acid. We conclude that the hydroalcoholic extract of T. erecta flowers has cytotoxic effects in lung carcinoma cells and enhances the effect of etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Sarahi Cuellar González
- Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Marisol Galván Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología y Productos Naturales, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City 07360, Mexico
| | - Alondra Bocanegra Zapata
- Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Alberto Rafael Cervantes-Villagrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Terapéutica Experimental, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
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5
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de Sousa DP, Damasceno ROS, Amorati R, Elshabrawy HA, de Castro RD, Bezerra DP, Nunes VRV, Gomes RC, Lima TC. Essential Oils: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1144. [PMID: 37509180 PMCID: PMC10377445 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main mechanisms of pharmacological action of essential oils and their components in various biological systems. A brief introduction on essential oil chemistry is presented to better understand the relationship of chemical aspects with the bioactivity of these products. Next, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities are discussed. The mechanisms of action against various types of viruses are also addressed. The data show that the multiplicity of pharmacological properties of essential oils occurs due to the chemical diversity in their composition and their ability to interfere with biological processes at cellular and multicellular levels via interaction with various biological targets. Therefore, these natural products can be a promising source for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damião P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira S Damasceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Ricardo D de Castro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Vitória Regina V Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires C Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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Georgantopoulos A, Vougioukas A, Kalousi FD, Tsialtas I, Psarra AMG. Comparative Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Activities of Four Greek Essential Oils: Involvement in the Regulation of NF-κΒ and Steroid Receptor Signaling. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1534. [PMID: 37511910 PMCID: PMC10381560 DOI: 10.3390/life13071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are well-known for their anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and relaxing activities. Steroid hormones, especially glucocorticoids, are also well-known for their anti-inflammatory activities and control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucose homeostasis. The biological activities of glucocorticoids render them the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs, despite their adverse side effects. In this study, comparative studies of the anti-inflammatory activities and interference with glucocorticoids receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling of EOs from Greek Oregano, Melissa officinalis, Lavender and from the Chios Mastic, produced from the Greek endemic mastic tree, were performed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells. Chios Mastic (Mastiha) and oregano EOs exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activities. The former showed a reduction in both NF-κB activity and protein levels. Mastic essential oil also caused a reduction in GR protein levels that may compensate for its boosting effect on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced GR transcriptional activation, ending up in no induction of the gluconeogenic phoshoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) protein levels that constitute the GR target. Oregano, Melissa officinalis and lavender EOs caused the suppression of the transcriptional activation of GR. Furthermore, the most active EO, that taken from Melissa officinalis, showed a reduction in both GR and PEPCK protein levels. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and anti-gluconeogenic activities of the EOs were uncovered, possibly via the regulation of GR signaling. Moreover, cytotoxic actions of Melissa officinalis and lavender EOs via the induction of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis were revealed. Our results highlight these essentials oils' anti-inflammatory and apoptotic actions in relation to their implication on the regulation of steroid hormones' actions, uncovering their potential use in steroid therapy, with many applications in pharmaceutical and health industries as anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Georgantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Vougioukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini D Kalousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsialtas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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7
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Piasecki B, Balázs VL, Kieltyka-Dadasiewicz A, Szabó P, Kocsis B, Horváth G, Ludwiczuk A. Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Essential Oils from Several Origanum Species on Respiratory Pathogens. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073044. [PMID: 37049808 PMCID: PMC10096388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) with established and well-known activities against human pathogens might become new therapeutics in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EOs obtained from several samples of Origanum vulgare, O. syriacum, and O. majorana cultivated in Poland. EOs were analyzed by GC-MS and tested against four bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemical analyses showed that the Eos were characterized by a high diversity in composition. Based on the chemical data, four chemotypes of Origanum EOs were confirmed. These were carvacrol, terpineol/sabinene hydrate, caryophyllene oxide, and thymol chemotypes. Thin-layer chromatography-bioautography confirmed the presence of biologically active antibacterial components in all tested EOs. The highest number of active spots were found among EOs with cis-sabinene hydrate as the major compound. On the other hand, the largest spots of inhibition were characteristic to EOs of the carvacrol chemotype. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were evaluated for the most active EOs: O. vulgare ‘Hirtum’, O. vulgare ‘Margarita’, O. vulgare ‘Hot & Spicy’, O. majorana, and O. syriacum (I) and (II); it was shown that both Haemophilus strains were the most sensitive with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/mL for all EOs. O. majorana EO was also the most active in the MIC assay and had the highest inhibitory rate in the anti-biofilm assay against all strains. The most characteristic components present in this EO were the trans-sabinene hydrate and terpinen-4-ol. The strain with the least sensitivity was the MRSA with an MIC of 0.6 mg/mL for all EOs except for O. majorana, where the MIC value reached 0.3 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy performed on the Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae biofilms showed a visible decrease in the appearance of bacterial clusters under the influence of O. majorana EO.
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8
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Guo C, Zhang L, Zhao M, Ai Y, Liao W, Wan L, Liu Q, Li S, Zeng J, Ma X, Tang J. Targeting lipid metabolism with natural products: A novel strategy for gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2036-2050. [PMID: 36748953 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC), including gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, is a common malignant tumor originating from gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Although the pathogenesis of GIC remains unclear, aberrant lipid metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer. Several enzymes, proteins, and transcription factors are involved in lipid metabolism reprogramming in GIC, and their abnormal expression can promote lipid synthesis and accumulation of lipid droplets through numerous mechanisms, thereby affecting the growth, proliferation, and metastasis of GIC cells. Studies show that some natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, can inhibit the de novo synthesis of lipids in GIC, reduce the level of lipid accumulation, and subsequently, inhibit the occurrence and development of GIC by regulating Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin PI3K/Akt/mTOR, amongst other targets and pathways. Therefore, targeting tumor lipid metabolism is the focus of anti-gastrointestinal tumor therapy. Although most natural products require further high-quality studies to firmly establish their clinical efficacy, we review the potential of natural products in the treatment of GIC and summarize the application prospect of lipid metabolism as a new target for the treatment of GIC, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Ai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Bora L, Burkard T, Juan MHS, Radeke HH, Muț AM, Vlaia LL, Magyari-Pavel IZ, Diaconeasa Z, Socaci S, Borcan F, Kis B, Muntean D, Dehelean CA, Danciu C. Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil Formulated as Polymeric Micelles Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2413. [PMID: 36365231 PMCID: PMC9693391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents phytochemical characterization and biological evaluation of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) formulated as polymeric micelles drug delivery systems as a possible non-invasive approach for the management of skin tags. GC-MS analysis of Romanian OEO revealed the identification and quantification of 43 volatile compounds (thymol and carvacrol being the main ones). The antioxidant activity was shown by four consecrated methods: CUPRAC, ABTS, ORAC and DPPH. OEO was incorporated by micellar solubilization into a binary hydrogel based on a Pluronic F 127/L 31 block-copolymers mixture. The pH, consistency, spreadability, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the OEO-loaded poloxamer-based binary hydrogel (OEO-PbH) were investigated. OEO-PbH was skin compatible in terms of pH and exhibited adequate spreadability and consistency. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the tested OEO were similar to those obtained for the formulation, lower (2.5 µg/mL) for yeast and higher (40-80 µg/mL) for Gram-negative bacilli. As keratinocytes are among main components of skin tags, an in vitro evaluation was conducted in order to see the effect of the formulation against HaCaT human keratinocytes. OEO-PbH decreased HaCaT cells migration and proliferation and elicited a cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner. No harmful effect on the viability of dendritic cells (DCs) was detected following the incubation with different concentrations (0-200 µg/mL) of the 5% formulation. Treatment in inflammatory DCs (+LPS) indicated a decrease in cytokine production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-23 but no significant effect on IL-10 in any of the tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Bora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tobias Burkard
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Herrero San Juan
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H. Radeke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Muț
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Lia Vlaia
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Magyari-Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zorița Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Socaci
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Brigitta Kis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital of Timisoara, Liviu Rebreanu Blvd. 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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10
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Manaa AO, Baghdadi HH, El‐Nikhely NA, Heikal LA, El-Hosseiny LS. Oregano oil-nanoemulsions: Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer potentials. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Perumalsamy H, Shanmugam R, Kim JR, Anandapadmanaban G, Huq MA, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Yoon TH, Balusamy SR. Nanoemulsion and Encapsulation Strategy of Hydrophobic Oregano Essential Oil Increased Human Prostate Cancer Cell Death via Apoptosis by Attenuating Lipid Metabolism. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9569226. [PMID: 35662912 PMCID: PMC9162876 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9569226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Origanum vulgare essential oil (EO) is traditionally well-known for its aromatic properties and biomedical applications, including anticancer. This was the first report where oregano essential oil-based nano emulsion (OENE) was synthesized for studying its effects on prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). At first, we have synthesized OENE and characterized using various spectroscopic analyses. The toxicity and inhibitory concentration (IC50) of OENE toward prostate cancer by MTT analysis were performed. The lipid biogenesis mediated, molecular target pathway analyses were performed using fluorescence cellular staining techniques, real-time RT-PCR, or western blotting analysis. OENE showed IC50 at 13.82 µg/mL and significantly induced distinct morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, cell density, and cell shape reduction. In addition, OENE could also significantly decreased lipid droplet accumulation which was confirmed by studying mRNA transcripts of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) (0.31-fold), fatty acid synthase (FASN) (0.18-fold), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREPB1) (0.11-fold), respectively. Furthermore, there is a significant upregulation BAX (BCL2 associated X) and caspase 3 expressions. Nevertheless, OENE decreased the transcript level of BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), thus resulting in apoptosis. Overall, our present work demonstrated that OENE could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer and warrants in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jun-Ran Kim
- Experiment & Analysis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Honam Regional Office, Jeollabuk-Do 540-96, Republic of Korea
| | - Gokulanathan Anandapadmanaban
- Experiment & Analysis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Honam Regional Office, Jeollabuk-Do 540-96, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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12
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Key Molecules of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Gastric Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050706. [PMID: 35625633 PMCID: PMC9138239 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is closely linked to the progression of gastric cancer (GC), a very aggressive and life-threatening tumor. This study examines linked molecules, such as Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1), ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY), Acetyl-CoA Synthases (ACSs), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), CD36, Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs), and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), as well as their latest studies and findings in gastric cancer to unveil its core mechanism. The major enzymes of fatty acid de novo synthesis are ACLY, ACSs, ACC, FASN, and SCD1, while SREBP1 is the upstream molecule of fatty acid anabolism. Fatty acid absorption is mediated by CD36 and FABPs, and fatty acid catabolism is mediated by CPT1. If at all possible, we will discover novel links between fatty acid metabolism and a prospective gastric cancer target.
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13
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Marc (Vlaic) RA, Mureșan V, Mureșan AE, Mureșan CC, Tanislav AE, Pușcaș A, Marţiș (Petruţ) GS, Ungur RA. Spicy and Aromatic Plants for Meat and Meat Analogues Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070960. [PMID: 35406940 PMCID: PMC9002745 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic and spicy plants are an important factor that contributes not only to improving the taste of meat, meat products, and meat analogues, but also to increasing the nutritional value of the products to which they are added. The aim of this paper is to present the latest information on the bioactive antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the most commonly used herbs and spices (parsley, dill, basil, oregano, sage, coriander, rosemary, marjoram, tarragon, bay, thyme, and mint) used in the meat and meat analogues industry, or proposed to be used for meat analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Alina Marc (Vlaic)
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Vlad Mureșan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Andruţa E. Mureșan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Crina Carmen Mureșan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Anda E. Tanislav
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Andreea Pușcaș
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Georgiana Smaranda Marţiș (Petruţ)
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Rehabilitation Iuliu-Haţieganu, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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14
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Zeng Z, Zhang X, Jiang CQ, Zhang YG, Wu X, Li J, Tang S, Li L, Gu LJ, Xie XY, Jiang YA. Identifying novel therapeutic targets in gastric cancer using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening. Oncogene 2022; 41:2069-2078. [PMID: 35177812 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening technology is a powerful tool to systematically identify genes essential for cancer cell survival. Herein, TKOv3, a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out library, was screened in the gastric cancer (GC) cells, and relevant validation experiments were performed. We obtained 854 essential genes for the AGS cell line, and 184 were novel essential genes. After knocking down essential genes: SPC25, DHX37, ABCE1, SNRPB, TOP3A, RUVBL1, CIT, TACC3 and MTBP, cell viability and proliferation were significantly decreased. Then, we analysed the detected essential genes at different time points and proved more characteristic genes might appear with the extension of selection. After progressive selection using a series of open datasets, 41 essential genes were identified as potential drug targets. Among them, methyltransferase 1 (METTL1) was over expressed in GC tissues. High METTL1 expression was associated with poor prognosis among 3 of 6 GC cohorts. Furthermore, GC cells growth was significantly inhibited after the down-regulation of METTL1 in vitro and in vivo. Function analysis revealed that METTL1 might play a role in the cell cycle through AKT/STAT3 pathways. In conclusion, compared with existing genome-scale screenings, we obtained 184 novel essential genes. Among them, METTL1 was validated as a potential therapeutic target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cong-Qing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Biomedical informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Biomedical informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Biomedical informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li-Juan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying-An Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Nkune NW, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Synthesis of a novel nanobioconjugate for targeted photodynamic therapy of colon cancer enhanced with cannabidiol. Oncotarget 2022; 13:156-172. [PMID: 35070080 PMCID: PMC8768846 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising primary treatment option for colorectal cancer (CRC), however CRC is accelerated by resilient CRC stem-like cells, which decrease its efficacy. In recent years, researchers have shown an emerging interest in the anticancer stem cell effects of cannabidiol (CBD). This study developed a targeted nanobioconjugate for specific ZnPcS4 photosensitizer intracellular accumulation within in vitro cultured human CRC cells (CaCo-2) for enhanced PDT primary treatment, as well as limited its secondary spread by combining this treatment with CBD. The final nanobioconjugate (FNBC) was successfully synthesized and characterized using various methods. The cytotoxicity of the FNBC and CBD were tested on CRC cells using laser irradiation at 673 nm with a fluency of 10 J/cm2. 24 h post treatment, morphological changes were assessed via microscopy, cell viability was measured using Annexin V-FITC and cellular nuclear DNA was visualized under fluorescent microscopy, following Hoechst staining. FNBC and CBD combinative treatment induced the most significant photodamage, leaving a staggering 6%*** viable cells. Overall, through active targeting of CRC cells using the FNBC, the enhanced PDT primary treatment of CRC was achieved, and the combinative treatment with CBD noted significant limitations on its secondary spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkune Williams Nkune
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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16
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El Fawal G, Abu-Serie MM. Bioactive properties of nanofibers based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) loaded with oregano essential oil: Fabrication, characterization and biological evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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The Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils in Anti-Obesity Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111832. [PMID: 34769261 PMCID: PMC8584325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease caused by an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity is a medical problem and represents an important risk factor for the development of serious diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. Not to be overlooked are the psychological issues that, in obese subjects, turn into very serious pathologies, such as depression, phobias, anxiety, and lack of self-esteem. In addition to modifying one’s lifestyle, the reduction of body mass can be promoted by different natural compounds such as essential oils (EOs). EOs are mixtures of aromatic substances produced by many plants, particularly in medicinal and aromatic ones. They are odorous and volatile and contain a mixture of terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Thanks to the characteristics of the various chemical components present in them, EOs are used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. Indeed, it has been shown that EOs possess great antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor powers. Emerging results also demonstrate the anti-obesity effects of EOs. We have examined the main data obtained in experimental studies and, in this review, we summarize the effect of EOs in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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18
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Hybrid Anticancer Peptides DN1 and DN4 Exert Selective Cytotoxicity Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathways. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Fonseca LM, Bona NP, Crizel RL, Pedra NS, Stefanello FM, Lim L, Carreño NLV, Dias ARG, Zavareze EDR. Electrospun Starch Nanofibers as a Delivery Carrier for Carvacrol as Anti‐Glioma Agent. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martins Fonseca
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
- Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Natalia Pontes Bona
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Rosane Lopes Crizel
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Loong‐Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G2W1 Canada
| | | | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
| | - Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul 96010‐900 Brazil
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20
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Assessing the Control of Postharvest Gray Mold Disease on Tomato Fruit Using Mixtures of Essential Oils and Their Respective Hydrolates. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081719. [PMID: 34451765 PMCID: PMC8401415 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gray mold disease, which is caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers ex. Fr., results in serious economic losses to Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) crop productivity. In this study, we explored the possibility that mixtures of essential oils (EOs) and their respective hydrolates (HYSs) could be used to control this disease. Thus, EOs and HYSs were obtained from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Citrus limon, and Citrus sinensis by hydrodistillation. In vitro antifungal activities were evaluated, and EC50 values of 15.9 and 19.8 µg/mL were obtained for EOs of thyme and oregano, respectively. These activities are due mainly to volatile compounds, thymol and carvacrol. Results from in vivo assays show that although most tomatoes were infested five days after inoculation, the damage was considerably reduced by the application of an EO/HYS mixture of thyme. The disease incidence indexes of B. cinerea tomato rot, percentage and severity, measured four days after inoculation, were reduced by 70% and 76%, respectively, as compared with the inoculum control. These results suggest that a combination of HYSs and EOs enhances antifungal activity, and that optimization of relative concentrations, volumes, and the nature of the compounds, could design a formulation able to control B. cinerea inoculum on tomato fruits.
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21
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A Recent Insight Regarding the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249653. [PMID: 33348921 PMCID: PMC7765853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Origanum vulgare L. is a widely used aromatic plant, especially due to its content in essential oil, mainly rich in carvacrol and thymol. The ethnopharmacological uses of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) comprise digestive, respiratory, or dermatological disorders. The review focuses on the increasing number of recent studies investigating several biological activities of OEO. The bioactivities are in tight relation to the phytochemical profile of the essential oil, and also depend on taxonomic, climatic, and geographical characteristics of the plant material. The antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, skin disorders beneficial effects, next to antihyperglycemic and anti-Alzheimer activities were reported and confirmed in multiple studies. Moreover, recent studies indicate a positive impact on skin disorders of OEO formulated as nanocarrier systems in order to improve its bioavailability and, thus, enhancing its therapeutic benefits. The review brings an up to date regarding the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, underlining also the most successful pharmaceutical formulation used for skin disorders.
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Nadia B, Mesli F, Zahra BF, Merad-Boussalah N, Radja A, Muselli A, Djabou N, Dib MEA. Chemical composition variability and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors inhibitory activity of Inulaviscosa essential oils from Algeria. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3462-3480. [PMID: 33228462 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1847686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenes is therefore appears to be a complex phenomenon, finely regulated by various activators (pro-angiogenic factors) and inhibitors (anti-angiogenic factors). Among the pro-angiogenic factors, VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) seems to be one of the main players in tumor angiogenesis. It exerts its pro-angiogenic activity by attaching to the surface of receptors with tyrosine kinase activity (VEGFR). The aim of this research was the bioinformatical study of VEGFR inhibition by essential oils of the Inula viscosa.Analyses of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the plant were performed using GC and GC/MS analysis. We used molecular modeling approaches as molecular mechanics to theoretical investigation VEGF receptors by natural inhibitors.Nineteen compounds were identified, constituting 90.1-98.8% of the total essential oils. The main components of the plants were (E)-nerolidol (15.5-20.2 %), caryophyllene oxide (10.6-18.1%), (E)-Z-farnesyl acetone (13.2-25.1%) and (E)-β-farnesene (1.5-5.6%). Essential oil samples were clustered into two groups according to their chemical compositions. The molecular dynamics study was conducted for the best inhibitors. A few key residues were identified at the binding site of VEGFR. The Pharmacokinetics was justified by means of lipophilicity and high coefficient of skin permeability. The in silico evaluation of ADME revealed that L19 has high absorption. The essential oil of I. viscosa presents a significant variability. This study revealed that (E)-Z-Farnesylacetone is a functional inhibitor of VEGF activities and subsequently can be the best inhibitors candidate to be scrutinized in vivo and in vitro.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouhassane Nadia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Bioactives (LASNABIO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Mesli
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Bioactives (LASNABIO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Benomari Fatima Zahra
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Bioactives (LASNABIO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nouria Merad-Boussalah
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Bioactives (LASNABIO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Achiri Radja
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Bioactives (LASNABIO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Alain Muselli
- Laboratoire Chimie des Produits Naturels, Université de Corse, Corté, France
| | - Nassim Djabou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Substances Naturelles et Analyses (COSNA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed El Amine Dib
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Bioactives (LASNABIO), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou BekrBelkaıd, Tlemcen, Algeria
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Sharifi-Rad M, Berkay Yılmaz Y, Antika G, Salehi B, Tumer TB, Kulandaisamy Venil C, Das G, Patra JK, Karazhan N, Akram M, Iqbal M, Imran M, Sen S, Acharya K, Dey A, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and health-promoting effects of the genus Origanum. Phytother Res 2020; 35:95-121. [PMID: 32789910 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Origanum species are mostly distributed around the Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian, and Iran-Siberian regions. Since time immemorial, the genus has popularly been used in Southern Europe, as well as on the American continent as a spice now known all over the world under the name "oregano" or "pizza-spice." Origanum plants are also employed to prepare bitter tinctures, wines, vermouths, beer, and kvass. The major components of Origanum essential oil are various terpenes, phenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids with predominant occurrence of carvacrol and thymol (with reasonable amounts of p-cymen and -terpinene) or of terpinene-4-ol, linalool, and sabinene hydrate. Many species of Origanum genus are used to treat kidney, digestive, nervous, and respiratory disorders, spasms, sore throat, diabetes, lean menstruation, hypertension, cold, insomnia, toothache, headache, epilepsy, urinary tract infections, etc. Origanum essential oil showed potent bioactivities owing to its major constituents' carvacrol, thymol, and monoterpenes. Several preclinical studies evidenced its pharmacological potential as antiproliferative or anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, renoprotective, antiinflammatory, vasoprotective, cardioprotective, antinociceptive, insecticidal, and hepatoprotective properties. Its nanotechnological applications as a promising pharmaceutical in order to enhance the solubility, physicochemical stability, and the accumulation rate of its essential oils have been investigated. However, Origanum has been reported causing angioedema, perioral dermatitis, allergic reaction, inhibition of platelet aggregation, hypoglycemia, and abortion. Conclusive evidences are still required for its clinical applications against human medical conditions. Toxicity analyses and risk assessment will aid to its safe and efficacious application. In addition, elaborate structure-activity studies are needed to explore the potential use of Origanum-derived phytochemicals as promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yakup Berkay Yılmaz
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Gizem Antika
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Surjit Sen
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Qi Y, Ding Z, Yao Y, Ren F, Yin M, Yang S, Chen A. Apigenin induces apoptosis and counteracts cisplatin-induced chemoresistance via Mcl-1 in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 32742367 PMCID: PMC7388300 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the prominent causes of mortality in female patients diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies. While it has previously been demonstrated that apigenin inhibits cell growth in colon and breast cancer cells, the effect of apigenin in OC cells is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of apigenin on cell death and resistance to cisplatin in OC cells. It was found that apigenin inhibited proliferation, hindered cell cycle progression and promoted SKOV3 cell apoptosis. Moreover, these effects were also observed in cisplatin-resistant SKOV3/DDP cells. Furthermore, apigenin reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and elevated the ratios of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 in the two cell types. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting results demonstrated that apigenin significantly downregulated Mcl-1 at the transcriptional and translational levels in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells, which was responsible for its cytotoxic functions and chemosensitizing effects. Collectively, the present results identified the impact of apigenin on OC cell death and resistance to cisplatin, and the potential molecular mechanisms. However, additional studies are required to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Qi
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yushuang Yao
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Songbin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Citral Induced Apoptosis through Modulation of Key Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells: In Silico and In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6040727. [PMID: 32258129 PMCID: PMC7103989 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The isomers of citral (cis-citral and trans-citral) were isolated from the Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf oil demonstrates many therapeutic properties including anticancer properties. However, the effects of citral on suppressing human prostate cancer and its underlying molecular mechanism have yet to be elucidated. The citral was isolated from lemongrass oil using various spectroscopic analyses, such as electron ionized mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. We carried out 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the cell viability of citral in prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and PC3M). Furthermore, to confirm that PC3 undergoes apoptosis by inhibiting lipogenesis, we used several detection methods including flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation, Hoechst staining, PI staining, oil staining, qPCR, and Western blotting. Citral impaired the clonogenic property of the cancer cells and altered the morphology of cancer cells. Molecular interaction studies and the PASS biological program predicted that citral isomers tend to interact with proteins involved in lipogenesis and the apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, citral suppressed lipogenesis of prostate cancer cells through the activation of AMPK phosphorylation and downregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl coA carboxylase (ACC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1) and apoptosis of PC3 cells by upregulating BAX and downregulating Bcl-2 expression. In addition, in silico studies such as ADMET predicted that citral can be used as a safe potent drug for the treatment of prostate cancer. Our results indicate that citral may serve as a potential candidate against human prostate cancer and warrants in vivo studies.
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900677. [PMID: 31967708 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 250 genera and over 7,000 species. Most of the plants of this family are aromatic and therefore important source of essential oils. Lamiaceae are widely used as culinary herbs and reported as medicinal plants in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean area oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme and lavender stand out for geographical diffusion and variety of uses. The aim of this review is to provide recent data dealing with the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, and the more recent applications of the essential oils and the non-volatile phytocomplexes. This literature survey suggests how the deeper understanding of biomolecular processes in the health and food sectors as per as pest control bioremediation of cultural heritage, or interaction with human microbiome, fields, leads to the rediscovery and new potential applications of well-known plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
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High-Dose Dexamethasone Manipulates the Tumor Microenvironment and Internal Metabolic Pathways in Anti-Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051846. [PMID: 32156004 PMCID: PMC7084511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting or to control immunotherapy-related autoimmune diseases in clinical practice. However, the underlying mechanisms of high-dose DEX in tumor progression remain unaddressed. Therefore, we explored the effects of high-dose DEX on tumor progression and the potential mechanisms of its anti-tumor function using immunohistochemistry, histological examination, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and Western blotting. Tumor volume, blood vessel invasion, and levels of the cell proliferation markers Ki67 and c-Myc and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2 decreased in response to high-dose DEX. However, the cell apoptosis marker cleaved caspase 3 increased significantly in mice treated with 50 mg/kg DEX compared with controls. Some genes associated with immune responses were significantly downregulated following treatment with 50 mg/kg DEX e.g., Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Cd3e, Gzmb, Ifng, Foxp3, S100a9, Arg1, and Mrc1. In contrast, the M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) activation marker Nos2 was shown to be increased. Moreover, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (Pparα and Pparg, respectively) was shown to be significantly upregulated in livers or tumors treated with DEX. However, high-dose DEX treatment decreased the expression of glucose and lipid metabolic pathway-related genes such as glycolysis-associated genes (Glut1, Hk2, Pgk1, Idh3a), triglyceride (TG) synthesis genes (Gpam, Agpat2, Dgat1), exogenous free fatty acid (FFA) uptake-related genes (Fabp1, Slc27a4, and CD36), and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes (Acadm, Acaa1, Cpt1a, Pnpla2). In addition, increased serum glucose and decreased serum TG and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were observed in DEX treated-xenografted tumor mice. These findings indicate that high-dose DEX-inhibited tumor progression is a complicated process, not only activated by M1-like TAMs, but also decreased by the uptake and consumption of glucose and lipids that block the raw material and energy supply of cancer cells. Activated M1-like TAMs and inefficient glucose and lipid metabolism delayed tumor cell growth and promoted apoptosis. These findings have important implications for the application of DEX combined with drugs that target key metabolism pathways for tumor therapy in clinical practice.
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Laila F, Fardiaz D, Yuliana ND, Damanik MRM, Nur Annisa Dewi F. Methanol Extract of Coleus amboinicus (Lour) Exhibited Antiproliferative Activity and Induced Programmed Cell Death in Colon Cancer Cell WiDr. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:9068326. [PMID: 32047805 PMCID: PMC7003269 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9068326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coleus amboinicus(Lour) (CA) has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. In this study, evaluation of cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and MTT assay using WiDr cell lines was carried out. The expression of several genes responsible for programmed cell death of the methanol extract of CA was also investigated. The morphology of the cells undergoing apoptosis was detected using Hoechst staining assay. The gene expression of BAX, BCL2, P53, Caspase 1, 7, 8, and 9 of treated samples with different concentrations (10, 15, 25 & 50 µg/ml) were measured with RT PCR. The phytochemical profiles were investigated using LC MS. The results showed that the lethality concentration (LC50) of methanol extract using brine shrimp was 34.545 µg/ml and the extract exhibited good antiproliferative activity against cancer cells WiDr with IC50 value (8.598 ± 2.68 µg/ml) as compared to standard drug 5-fluorouracil (IC50 value 1.839 ± 0.03 µg/ml). There was apoptotic evidences from the morphology of treated cells. The expressions of BAX,P53, and Caspase 9 were upregulated in lower concentration of the extract (10 and 15 µg/ml) but downregulated in higher concentration (25 and 50 µg/ml). BCL2 as anti-apoptotic gene was downregulated in all concentrations. Caspase 1 and Caspase 7 were upregulated in high concentration (25 and 50 µg/ml), but downregulated in lower concentrations. These data provide a mode of cell death for the methanol extract of CA in low concentrations corresponding to apoptosis with intrinsic pathway. Many valuable compounds identified including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, malic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, benserazide, alpha-linolenic acid, betaine, Salvanolic B, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid and firulic acid have been previously reported as being active agents against many cancer cells. This study suggested that CA might become an effective ingredient for health-beneficial foods to prevent colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Laila
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- College of Vocational Studies, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jalan Kumbang No. 14, Bogor 16151, Indonesia
| | - Dedi Fardiaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - M. Rizal M. Damanik
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Lodaya II/5, Bogor 16151, Indonesia
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