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Sangkuanun T, Tipbunjong C, Yasuhiko K, Watanabe H, Peerakietkhajorn S. Dragon fruit-derived oligosaccharides alter hemocyte-mediated immunity and expression of genes related to innate immunity and oxidative stress in Daphnia magna. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 161:105251. [PMID: 39168396 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic that enhances the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna, increases the expression of genes involved in immunity, and reduces oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of DFO on the expression of innate immunity- (Toll, Pelle, proPO, A2M, and CTL), oxidative stress- (Mn-SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis-related genes (NOS1, NOS2, and arginase) as well as NO localization and number of hemocytes in D. magna. For this ten-day-old D. magna were treated with 0 or 9 mg l-1 of DFO for 24 and 85 h. Gene expression levels, NO intensity and localization, and total hemocytes were evaluated. After 24 h, the expression of Toll and proPO increased significantly (p < 0.05), while that of C-type lectins (CTL) was reduced (p < 0.05). At 85 h, Mn-SOD and CTL expressions were markedly suppressed (p < 0.05). NO was mostly localized in the foregut, midgut, hindgut, and carapace. The expression of NOS1 was reduced after 24 h (p < 0.05). In addition, NO intensity at 24 h was insignificantly lower than the control (p > 0.05). At 85 h, the expression of NOS1, NOS2, and arginase was higher than control, but NO intensity did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the total hemocyte count elevated remarkably at 85 h (p < 0.05). Our study suggested that 9 mg l-1 of DFO could alter the expression of the genes related to innate immunity, oxidative stress, and NO synthesis in D. magna and significantly stimulate hemocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Sangkuanun
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chittipong Tipbunjong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kato Yasuhiko
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 562-0082, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 562-0082, Japan
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Sun W, Wang Y, Han L, Liu Y, Liu H, Tong Y, Jiang Z, Sun D, Xu C. Association between different composite dietary antioxidant indexes and constipation in American male adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1404400. [PMID: 39091680 PMCID: PMC11292948 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1404400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is acknowledged as a pivotal factor in the intricate pathophysiological processes and pathogenesis of constipation. Modifying dietary patterns can elevate in vivo antioxidant biomarker levels, consequently mitigating oxidative stress. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) provides a dependable scoring mechanism for quantifying the potential antioxidant capacity of diets. The association between CDAI levels and the risk of constipation remains uncertain. Purpose To investigate the potential correlation between CDAI and constipation, aiming to improve constipation management through dietary guidance. Methods A total of 11,165 adults aged ≥20 years, drawn from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the correlation between CDAI levels and the risk of constipation through three weighted logistic regression models. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to assess nonlinear trends, and stratified analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for all confounding variables, the findings revealed an association between CDAI and constipation [OR = 0.937; 95% CI (0.892, 0.984), p = 0.012]. Moreover, individuals in the highest quartile of CDAI demonstrated a 40.1% lower likelihood of experiencing constipation compared to those in the lowest quartile [OR = 0.599; 95% CI (0.382, 0.939), p = 0.027]. The RCS analysis indicated a linear relationship between CDAI and constipation (P-non-linear =0.1016). Subgroup analysis by gender revealed a negative correlation in the male population [OR = 0.871; 95% CI (0.801, 0.947), p = 0.002], with men in the highest CDAI quartile exhibiting a 59.8% lower likelihood of experiencing constipation compared to those in the lowest quartile [OR = 0.402; 95% CI (0.206, 0.787), p = 0.010]. Furthermore, alterations in selenium [OR = 0.997; 95% CI (0.995, 1.000), p = 0.039] per milligram were independently linked to constipation. In a gender subgroup analysis of a single antioxidant, changes per milligram of vitamin E [OR = 0.904; 95% CI (0.838 to 0.975), p = 0.011] among males were independently associated with constipation. Conclusion The fully adjusted model showed a correlation between CDAI and constipation and a significant correlation in quartiles. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis by gender showed that CDAI was negatively associated with constipation in the male population. Moreover, the findings of this study imply that investigations into antioxidant diets should be contextualized within dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinshi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongru Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunbing Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziying Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Zhao P, Meng X, Sun M, Qin B, Kong S, Xie L, Zhang W, Ding X, Zhang C. Integrated metabolic profiles and microbial communities to reveal the beneficial effect of red pitaya on early constipation. Food Funct 2024; 15:5414-5428. [PMID: 38639438 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Pitaya is a well-known fruit widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical tropical regions, and is characterized by its flesh colour into red, white, and yellow pitaya. Red pitaya has dark red flesh and is the preferred choice among consumers due to its superior taste compared to other varieties. Red pitaya has been known to cause diarrhoea, and studies have reported that pitaya does this by drawing moisture into the intestines, resulting in defecation. However, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, mass spectrometry was employed to identify small molecular compounds in red pitaya powder, and a loperamide hydrochloride-induced early constipation mouse model was used to assess the efficacy of red pitaya. 16S rDNA and non-targeted metabolomics techniques were used to systematically reveal the regulatory characteristics of the intestinal flora and to identify the intestinal metabolites associated with constipation. The results showed that 44 novel small molecular compounds were identified from red pitaya powder, including a variety of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Pathological results showed that administration of red pitaya powder at a high dose (1000 mg kg-1) significantly ameliorated the abnormal expansion of intestinal goblet cells observed in the early stages of constipation. In addition, early constipation increased metabolites such as serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophol, which were normalized following the ingestion of red pitaya powder. Furthermore, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parasutterella, and other abnormal gut microbiota associated with early constipation returned to healthy levels after the ingestion of red pitaya powder. Finally, significant correlations were observed between the expression of 33 different serum metabolites and the abundance of eight kinds of intestinal flora. Consequently, red pitaya holds potential as a safe food supplement for the prevention or amelioration of early-stage constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Xiran Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Mo Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bingqing Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Shuaiwen Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Lixia Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Chenning Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine & Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China.
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Wang C, Bai J, Wang B, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Suo H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Stachyose modulates gut microbiota and alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Bai J, Wang B, Tan X, Huang L, Xiong S. Regulatory effect of lactulose on intestinal flora and serum metabolites in colitis mice: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100821. [PMID: 37780294 PMCID: PMC10534180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactulose is a common component in foods. However, the effect of lactulose on intestinal flora and overall metabolic levels remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the regulative role of lactulose on intestinal flora and serum metabolites via in vitro simulated colonic fermentation model and in vivo colitis mouse model. The results showed that lactulose significantly enriched beneficial bacteria including Dubosiella and Bifidobacterium, and reduced pathogenic bacteria such as Fusobacterium. Moreover, lactulose significantly inhibited dextran sodium sulfate-induced body weight loss, colon shortening, colonic inflammatory infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-1β. Lactulose significantly affected serum metabolome in colitis mice and total 24 metabolites representing a high inter-group difference were obtained. Correlation analysis revealed that the changes in serum metabolites were closely associated with the role of intestinal flora, and thus affected phenotypic indicators. Our study provides a reference for nutritional characteristics and application scenarios of dietary lactulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Botao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Shuangli Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
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Hayeeawaema F, Muangnil P, Jiangsakul J, Tipbunjong C, Huipao N, Khuituan P. A novel model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice: The gut-kidney axis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103660. [PMID: 37213695 PMCID: PMC10193294 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although constipation is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is no animal model that can be used to study the association between renal impairment and gastrointestinal function without interfering with the gastrointestinal tract of the model. Therefore, we determined whether adenine could induce CKD in association with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Six-week-old ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline, 25, 50, or 75 mg adenine/kg body weight for 21 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine, and renal histopathology were evaluated. Defecation status was evaluated from defecation frequency and fecal water content. Colonic smooth muscle contraction was measured by the organ bath technique, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using an Ussing chamber. In the 50 mg/kg treatment group, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased compared with control, and inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerular necrosis, tubular dilatation, and interstitial fibrosis were observed in renal tissues. Mice in this group also showed a significant decrease in defecation frequency, fecal water content, colonic motility index, and TEER. Overall, 50 mg/kg of adenine was the best dose to induce CKD with associated constipation and intestinal barrier impairment. Therefore, this adenine administration model can be recommended for CKD-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fittree Hayeeawaema
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Paradorn Muangnil
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | | | - Chittipong Tipbunjong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nawiya Huipao
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pissared Khuituan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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7
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Pansai N, Detarun P, Chinnaworn A, Sangsupawanich P, Wichienchot S. Effects of dragon fruit oligosaccharides on immunity, gut microbiome, and their metabolites in healthy adults – a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112657. [PMID: 37087207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthy food has wide popularity and relates positively to health. Our previous studies have shown that dragon fruit oligosaccharides (DFO) have prebiotic activities, balancing the gut microbiota in a simulated human colon system, and are safe and stimulate the immune system in rats. The effects of DFO on immune stimulation gut microbe modulation and the correlation of gut microbiota and nutrients were investigated in a human trial. This clinical study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were 107 healthy adults, divided into 3 groups that received DFO in drinking waterdoses of 4 and 8 g/day, compared to the placebo group for 4 consecutive weeks. DFO consumption at 4 g/day increased IgA level (11.31 mg/dL or 10.95% from baseline) and 8 g/day outstandingly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. (8.41%) and Faecalibacterium (1.99%) and decreased harmful bacteria, especially, Escherichia coli (8.44%). The relationship between gut microbes and nutrient intake was explored and significant (p < 0.05) correlations between specific microbial groups and intakes of specific macro- and micronutrients were observed. The potential dose of DFO for healthy adults was established as 4 g/day for improving IgA level and 8 g/day for promoting beneficial gut microbiota.
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Bioprospecting and potential of cactus mucilages: A bibliometric review. Food Chem 2023; 401:134121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Bhagya Raj G, Dash KK. Microencapsulation of betacyanin from dragon fruit peel by complex coacervation: Physicochemical characteristics, thermal stability, and release profile of microcapsules. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Khuituan P, Huipao N, Jeanmard N, Thantongsakul S, Promjun W, Chuthong S, Tipbunjong C, Peerakietkhajorn S. Sargassum plagiophyllum Extract Enhances Colonic Functions and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Constipated Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:496. [PMID: 35276855 PMCID: PMC8838385 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a symptom that is widely found in the world’s population. Various dietary supplementations are used to relieve and prevent constipation. Seaweed is widely used for its health benefits. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Sargassum plagiophyllum extract (SPE) on functions of the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota. The results show that SPE pretreatment increased the frequency of gut contraction, leading to reduce gut transit time. SPE pretreatment also significantly increased the secretion of Cl− and reduced Na+ absorption, increasing fecal water content in constipated mice (p < 0.05). In addition, the Bifidobacteria population in cecal contents was significantly higher in constipated mice pretreated with 500 mg/kg SPE for 14 days than in untreated constipated mice (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that SPE can prevent constipation in loperamide-induced mice. This study may be useful for the development of human food supplements from S. plagiophyllum, which prevent constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pissared Khuituan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (C.T.)
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Nawiya Huipao
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (C.T.)
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Nilobon Jeanmard
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sitthiwach Thantongsakul
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Warittha Promjun
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Suwarat Chuthong
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chittipong Tipbunjong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (C.T.)
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (N.J.); (S.T.); (W.P.); (S.C.)
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Maturation Process, Nutritional Profile, Bioactivities and Utilisation in Food Products of Red Pitaya Fruits: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112862. [PMID: 34829143 PMCID: PMC8618204 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus, red pulp with pink peel), also known as dragon fruit, is a well-known species of pitaya fruit. Pitaya seeds and peels have been reported to exhibit higher concentrations of total polyphenols, beta-cyanins and amino acid than pulp, while anthocyanins (i.e., cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside) were only detected in the pulp extracts. Beta-cyanins, phenolics and flavonoids were found to increase gradually during fruit maturation and pigmentation appeared earlier in the pulp than peel. The phytochemicals were extracted and purified by various techniques and broadly used as natural, low-cost, and beneficial healthy compounds in foods, including bakery, wine, dairy, meat and confectionery products. These bioactive components also exhibit regulative influences on the human gut microbiota, glycaemic response, lipid accumulation, inflammation, growth of microbials and mutagenicity, but the mechanisms are yet to be understood. The objective of this study was to systematically summarise the effect of red pitaya’s maturation process on the nutritional profile and techno-functionality in a variety of food products. The findings of this review provide valuable suggestions for the red pitaya fruit processing industry, leading to novel formulations supported by molecular research.
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Katsirma Z, Dimidi E, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Whelan K. Fruits and their impact on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation. Food Funct 2021; 12:8850-8866. [PMID: 34505614 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are the seed-bearing product of plants and have considerable nutritional importance in the human diet. The consumption of fruits is among the dietary strategies recommended for constipation due to its potential effects on the gut microbiota and gut motility. Dietary fiber from fruits has been the subject of research on the impact on gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation, however, fruits also contain other components that impact the intestinal luminal environment that may impact these outcomes including sorbitol and (poly)phenols. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of fruits and fruit products on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation, with a focus on fiber, sorbitol and (poly)phenols. In vitro, animal and human studies investigating the effects of fruits on gut motility and gut microbiota were sought through electronic database searches, hand searching and consulting with experts. Various fruits have been shown to modify the microbiota in human studies including blueberry powder (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria), prunes (bifidobacteria), kiwi fruit (Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and raisins (Ruminococcus, F. prausnitzii). Prunes, raisins and apple fiber isolate have been shown to increase fecal weight in humans, whilst kiwifruit to increase small bowel and fecal water content. Apple fiber isolate, kiwifruit, fig paste, and orange extract have been shown to reduce gut transit time, while prunes have not. There is limited evidence on which fruit components play a predominant role in regulating gut motility and constipation, or whether a synergy of multiple components is responsible for such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Katsirma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
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Ji X, Qiao Y, Zheng W, Jiang H, Yao W. Deoxynivalenol interferes with intestinal motility via injuring the contractility of enteric smooth muscle cells: A novel hazard to the gastrointestinal tract by environmental toxins. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112656. [PMID: 34411815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prevalent Fusarium mycotoxin, occurs predominantly in the global environment, especially in cereals, animal feed and food commodities. The widespread contamination causes a serious risk to human and animal health. DON usually impairs weight gain, which is presumably from its capacity to reduce feed intake by interfering with intestinal motility. To clarify the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contractility in intestinal motility and growth inhibition caused by DON, twelve weaned piglets were firstly divided into two groups to feed control or Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated (MC) diet. Results showed that the final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake were significantly reduced in piglets fed the MC diet. Exposure to the MC diet also significantly decreased the thickness of smooth muscle layer and SMCs contractile markers expression (myosin heavy chain 11, smooth muscle actin gamma 2, transgelin, calponin 1) in jejunum and ileum of piglets. Furthermore, oral DON supplementation (3 mg/kg body weight) to mice in six consecutive days could significantly inhibit the upper intestinal transit, impede normal defecation and downregulate SMCs contractile markers expression in small intestine. Finally, we generated a porcine enteric smooth muscle cell line (PISMC), and found that DON could depress its contractility by decreasing PISMC proliferation, migration and contractile markers expression. In conclusion, these findings in vivo and in vitro suggest that DON, as a common environmental toxin, can not only reduce proliferative and motile phenotype, but also decrease contractile apparatus components (contractile markers expression) in SMCs, which in turn influences SMCs contractility and then interferes with intestinal motility and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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14
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de Araújo FF, de Paulo Farias D, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Underutilized plants of the Cactaceae family: Nutritional aspects and technological applications. Food Chem 2021; 362:130196. [PMID: 34091165 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the nutritional and functional aspects of some representatives of the Cactaceae family, as well as its technological potential in the most diverse industrial fields. The studied species are good sources of nutrients and phytochemicals of biological interest, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, betalains, phytosterols, tocopherols, etc. They also have shown great potential in preventing some diseases, including diabetes, obesity, cancer, and others. As to technological applications, the Cactaceae family can be explored in the production of food (e.g., cakes, yogurts, bread, ice cream, and juices), as natural dyes, sources of pectins, water treatment and in animal feed. In addition, they have great potential for many technological domains, including food chemistry, pharmacy, biotechnology, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Fernandes de Araújo
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - David de Paulo Farias
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Iramaia Angélica Neri-Numa
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
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15
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Liao X, Wu M, Hao Y, Deng H. Exploring the Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Senile Sarcopenia Based on "Gut-Muscle Axis". Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:590869. [PMID: 33251202 PMCID: PMC7674676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related sarcopenia probably leads to chronic systemic inflammation and plays a vital role in the development of the complications of the disease. Gut microbiota, an environmental factor, is the medium of nutritional support to muscle cells, having significant impact on sarcopenia. Consequently, a significant amount of studies explored and showed the presence of gut microbiome–muscle axis (gut–muscle axis for short), which was possibly considered as the disease interventional target of age-related sarcopenia. However, a variety of nutrients probably affect the changes of the gut–muscle axis so as to affect the healthy balance of skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of intestinal–muscle axis, and nutrients play a role in the treatment of senile sarcopenia through this mechanism. This review summarizes the available literature on mechanisms and specific pathways of gut–muscle axis and discusses the potential role and therapeutic feasibility of gut microbiota in age-related sarcopenia to understand the development of age-related sarcopenia and figure out the novel perspective of the potential therapeutic interventional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Rashidinejad A, Bahrami A, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Babazadeh A, Singh H, Jafari SM. Co-encapsulation of probiotics with prebiotics and their application in functional/synbiotic dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2470-2494. [PMID: 33251846 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1854169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of live probiotics along with prebiotics has been suggested with numerous beneficial effects for several conditions including certain infectious disorders, diarrheal illnesses, some inflammatory bowel diseases, and most recently, irritable bowel syndrome. Though, delivery of such viable bacteria to the host intestine is a major challenge, due to the poor survival of the ingested probiotic bacteria during the gastric transit, especially within the stomach where the pH is highly acidic. Although microencapsulation has been known as a promising approach for improving the viability of probiotics in the human digestive tract, the success rate is not satisfactory. For this reason, co-encapsulation of probiotics with probiotics has been practised as a novel alternative approach for further improvement of the oral delivery of viable probiotics toward their targeted release in the host intestine. This paper discusses the co-encapsulation technologies used for delivery of probiotics toward better stability and viability, as well the incorporation of co-encapsulated probiotics and prebiotics in functional/synbiotic dairy foods. The common encapsulation technologies (and the materials) used for this purpose, the stability and survival of co-encapsulated probiotics in the food, and the release behavior of the co-encapsulated probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract have also been explained. Most studies reported a significant improvement particularly in the viability of bacteria associated with the presence of prebiotics. Nevertheless, the previous research has mostly been carried out in the simulated digestion, meaning that future systematic research is to be carried out to investigate the efficacy of the co-encapsulation on the survival of the bacteria in the gut in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Program of Applied Science and Technology, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Babazadeh
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of medicine, health and human sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials & Process Design Engendering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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17
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Sangkuanun T, Wichienchot S, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Peerakietkhajorn S. Oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit modulate gut microbiota, reduce oxidative stress and stimulate toll-pathway related gene expression in freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:126-134. [PMID: 32335314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DFO on gut microbiota, oxidative stress and immune-related gene expression in Daphnia magna. The 10-day-old D. magna were treated with 0, 9, and 27 mg l-1 DFO for 85 h. The gut bacterial communities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation and the expressions of genes in Toll signaling pathway were observed. The results showed that D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO altered gut microbiota composition by increasing Limnohabitans and Lactobacillus, and significantly increased SOD activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the expressions of Toll2, Toll3, Toll5, Toll7 and Pelle genes were significantly increased in D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO. Our results suggested that DFO changed the composition of the gut microbiota of D. magna by increasing the beneficial bacteria. DFO also had the ability to stimulate innate immunity in D. magna by increasing SOD activity, reducing lipid peroxidation, and increasing the expression of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Sangkuanun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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18
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Cornara L, Xiao J, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Burlando B. Emerging Exotic Fruits: New Functional Foods in the European Market. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200406.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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19
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Pansai N, Chakree K, Takahashi Yupanqui C, Raungrut P, Yanyiam N, Wichienchot S. Gut microbiota modulation and immune boosting properties of prebiotic dragon fruit oligosaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Pansai
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Korawan Chakree
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Pritsana Raungrut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Niracha Yanyiam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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