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Li M, Cui M, Li G, Liu Y, Xu Y, Eftekhar SP, Ala M. The Pathophysiological Associations Between Obesity, NAFLD, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:683-696. [PMID: 38471571 DOI: 10.1055/a-2266-1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are common and growing public health concerns. Previous epidemiological studies unfolded the robust correlation between obesity, NAFLD, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for NAFLD, and both of them can markedly increase the odds of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, significant weight loss achieved by lifestyle modification, bariatric surgery, or medications, such as semaglutide, can concomitantly improve NAFLD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, certain pathophysiological links are involved in the development of NAFLD in obesity, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in obesity and NAFLD. Moreover, recent studies indicated that simultaneously targeting several mechanisms by tirzepatide and retatrutide leads to greater weight loss and markedly improves the complications of metabolic syndrome. These findings remind the importance of a mechanistic viewpoint for breaking the association between obesity, NAFLD, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this review article, we mainly focus on shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, GLP1 signaling, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivity, and endothelial dysfunction. Most of these pathophysiological alterations are primarily initiated by obesity. The development of NAFLD further exacerbates these molecular and cellular alterations, leading to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease development or progression as the final manifestation of molecular perturbation. A better insight into these mechanisms makes it feasible to develop new multi-target approaches to simultaneously unhinge the deleterious chain of events linking obesity and NAFLD to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Man Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yueqiu Liu
- Clinical Specialty of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Clinical School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Moein Ala
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xu HL, Wan SR, An Y, Wu Q, Xing YH, Deng CH, Zhang PP, Long Y, Xu BT, Jiang ZZ. Targeting cell death in NAFLD: mechanisms and targeted therapies. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:399. [PMID: 39244571 PMCID: PMC11380694 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of chronic liver disease which ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation activation, fibrosis, and cell death. To date, a number of preclinical studies or clinical trials associated with therapies targeting fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory factors and liver fibrosis are performed to develop effective drugs for NAFLD/NASH. However, few therapies are cell death signaling-targeted even though the various cell death modes are present throughout the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Here we summarize the four types of cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in the NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the pathogenic factors such as free fatty acid and LPS induce cell death in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In addition, we also review the effects of cell death-targeted therapies on NAFLD. In summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into the roles of various cell death modes in the progression of NAFLD, which we hope will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Sheng-Rong Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases Key Laboratory of LuZhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi-Hang Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen-Hao Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases Key Laboratory of LuZhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bu-Tuo Xu
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
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Li Y, Wang P, Yang H, He J, Yang Y, Tao Y, Zhang M, Zhang M, Yu J, Yang X. In vivo identification of bioactive components of Poria cocos for adjusting mitochondria against metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35645. [PMID: 39220933 PMCID: PMC11363830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, no specific treatment exists to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver (MAFLD). Previously, Poria cocos (PC) effectively relieved MAFLD, but its bioactive components are still unknown. The bioactive substances in PC that regulate mitochondria function to alleviate MAFLD were thus determined. The L02 hepatocyte model induced by fat emulsion and the MAFLD rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) were developed to explore the efficacy of PC against MAFLD. The activity of PC-derived components in the liver mitochondria of HFD-fed rats was evaluated using the L02 hepatocyte model. Additionally, the PC-derived components from the liver mitochondria were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Finally, the anti-steatosis ability of PC-derived monomers and monomers groups was evaluated using the adipocyte model. PC maintained the mitochondrial ultrastructure, alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and regulated the energy metabolism and the fatty acid β oxidation to relieve lipid emulsion-induced cellular steatosis and HFD-induced MAFLD. PC-derived components entering the liver mitochondria inhibited oxidative stress injury and improved the energy metabolism to fight cellular steatosis. Additionally, 15 chemicals were identified in the PC-treated rat liver mitochondria. These identified chemical molecules and molecule groups in the mitochondria prevented cellular steatosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and energy metabolism. PC restores mitochondrial structure and function, alleviating MAFLD, which is related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and fatty acid β oxidation. The identified 15 components may be the main effective PC components regulating mitochondria function to alleviate MAFLD. Thus, PC may be a promising mitochondrial regulator to prevent MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Pengquan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinbiao He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuxuan Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, China
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Pan P, Chen W, Wu X, Li C, Gao Y, Qin D. Active Targets and Potential Mechanisms of Erhuang Quzhi Formula in Treating NAFLD: Network Analysis and Experimental Assessment. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01413-7. [PMID: 39120856 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the main active components, potential targets of action, and pharmacological mechanisms of Erhuang Quzhi Formula (EHQZF) against NAFLD using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. The main active chemical components of EHQZF and the potential targets for treating NAFLD were extracted and analyzed. The PPI network diagram of "Traditional Chinese Medicine-Active Ingredients-Core Targets" was constructed and the GO, KEGG, and molecular docking analysis were carried out. Identification of components in traditional Chinese medicine compounds was conducted by LC-MS. NAFLD models were established and relevant pathologic indicators and Western blot were analyzed in vivo and ex vivo. Totally 8 herbs attributed to the liver meridian and 20 corresponding targets of NAFLD were obtained from EHQZF. Flavonoids and phenolic acids as the main components of EHQZF treated NAFLD through the MAPK/AKT signaling pathway. Pathway enrichment analysis focused on the MAPK/AKT signaling pathway and apoptosis signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that Quercetin and Luteolin had stable binding structures with AKT1, STAT3, and other targets. Experiments showed that EHQZF reduced lipid accumulation, regulated changes in adipose tissue, inhibited the MAPK/AKT signaling pathway and exert multiple components, several targets, and multiple pathway interactions to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- College of Applied Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
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Liu T, Zhou L, Li X, Song W, Liu Y, Wu S, Wang P, Dai X, Shi L. Polygonatum kingianum Polysaccharides Enhance the Preventive Efficacy of Heat-Inactivated Limosilactobacillus reuteri WX-94 against High-Fat-High-Sucrose-Induced Liver Injury and Gut Dysbacteriosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9880-9892. [PMID: 38646869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is an efficacious probiotic that could reduce inflammation and prevent metabolic disorders. Here, we innovatively found that Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides (PKP) promoted proliferation and increased stability of L. reuteri WX-94 (a probiotic strain showing anti-inflammation potentials) in simulated digestive fluids in vitro. PKP was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose, and arabinose. The cell-free supernatant extracted from L. reuteri cultured with PKP increased ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP scavenging capacities compared with the supernatant of the medium without PKP and increased metabolites with health-promoting activities, e.g., 3-phenyllactic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-carbinol, and propionic acid. Moreover, PKP enhanced alleviating effects of heat-inactivated L. reuteri on high-fat-high-sucrose-induced liver injury in rats via reducing inflammation and regulating expressions of protein and genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (such as HIF1-α, FAβO, CPT1, and AMPK) and fatty acid profiles in liver. Such benefits correlated with its prominent effects on enriching Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acids while reducing Dubosiella, Fusicatenilacter, Helicobacter, and Oscillospira. Our work provides novel insights into the probiotic property of PKP and emphasizes the great potential of the inactivated L. reuteri cultured with PKP in contracting unhealthy diet-induced liver dysfunctions and gut dysbacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lanqi Zhou
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Agro, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Hou Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen C, Zhou X, Jin J, Ye J, Li D, Gan L, Wu R. Oleuropein-Rich Jasminum Grandiflorum Flower Extract Regulates the LKB1-PGC-1α Axis Related to the Attenuation of Hepatocellular Lipid Dysmetabolism. Nutrients 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38201888 PMCID: PMC10780778 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets() rich in fat are a major() cause() of metabolic disease(), and nutritional() food has been widely() used() to counteract the metabolic disorders such() as obesity() and fatty() liver(). The present study investigated the effects of oleuropein-enriched extract() from Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers (OLE-JGF) in high-fat diet() (HFD)-fed mice and oleic acid() (OA)-treated AML-12 cells. Treatment() of HFD-fed mice with 0.6% OLE-JGF for 8 weeks significantly reduced body and liver() weights, as well as attenuating lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. OLE-JGF administration() prominently suppressed the mRNA expressions() of monocyte chemoattractant protein()-1 (MCP-1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and it also downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty() acid() synthase (FAS) as well as sterol-regulatory-element()-binding protein() (SREBP-1c) in the liver(). Meanwhile, mitochondrial DNA and uncoupling protein() 2 (UCP2) were upregulated along with the increased expression() of mitochondrial biogenic promoters including liver() kinase B1 (LKB1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear() factor()-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and mitochondrial transcription factor() A (Tfam), but did not change AMP-activated protein() kinase (AMPK) in liver(). The lipid droplets were decreased significantly after treatment() with 80 μM oleuropein for 24 h in OA-induced AML-12 cells. Furthermore, oleuropein significantly inhibited ACC mRNA expression() and upregulated LKB1, PGC-1α, and Tfam mRNA levels, as well as increasing the binding level of LKB1 to PGC-1α promoter in OA-induced cells. These findings indicate() that OLE-JGF reduces hepatic lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, as well as the fact that OA-induced liver() cells may be partly() attributed to upregulation of the LKB1-PGC-1α axis, which mediates hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our study provides a scientific() basis() for the benefits and potential() use() of the J. grandiflorum flower as a food supplement() for the prevention() and treatment() of metabolic disease().
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Yapeng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Caihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Xiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jiming Ye
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
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Peng C, Li J, Ke X, Liu F, Huang KE. In silico and in vivo demonstration of the regulatory mechanism of Qi-Ge decoction in treating NAFLD. Ann Med 2023; 55:2200258. [PMID: 37096878 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic and progressive liver disease, often causes steatosis and steatohepatitis. Qi-Ge decoction (QGD) shows a good effect against NAFLD in the clinic. But the molecular mechanism for QGD in improving NAFLD is unknown. PURPOSE This study explored the molecular mechanism of QGD in NAFLD model rats using comprehensive network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vivo verification strategies. METHODS Active components and targets of QGD were obtained from public database. The overlapped genes between QGD and NAFLD targets were analyzed by enrichment analysis. Active components and targets were used to predict molecular docking analysis. Finally, seven key targets were screened out and the gene expression were verified in the NAFLD rat's liver tissues after QGD treatment. RESULTS Fifty-eight common QGD therapeutic targets were associated with NAFLD. Molecular docking demonstrated that seven targets had strong binding ability for the corresponding active ingredients. GO analysis identified 18 biological process entries, which were mainly related to regulation of lipid storage, lipid localization and peptide transport. KEGG analysis identified multiple signaling pathways, which were mainly associated with tumor necrosis factor signaling and NAFLD. In vivo data confirmed that the effect of QGD in the treatment of NAFLD was mainly exerted through improving liver steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, QGD upregulated the expression of MAPK8 and ESR1 and downregulated the transcriptional expression of IL6, VEGFA, CASP3, EGFR and MYC. These targets may affect lipid metabolism by regulating lipid storage and inflammation. CONCLUSION The integration of results obtained in silico and in vivo indicated that QGD regulates multiple targets, biological processes and signaling pathways in NAFLD, which may represent a complex molecular mechanism by which QGD improves NAFLD.Key messagesQGD intervention is related to multiple biological processes such as inflammation, oxidation and cell apoptosis in NAFLD.Lipid and atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications are the main pathways for QGD intervention NAFLD.The active components of QGD can form good binding with relevant target proteins through intermolecular forces, exhibiting excellent docking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Integrative Cancer Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuehong Ke
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Er Huang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Paluvai H, Shanmukha KD, Tyedmers J, Backs J. Insights into the function of HDAC3 and NCoR1/NCoR2 co-repressor complex in metabolic diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1190094. [PMID: 37674539 PMCID: PMC10477789 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR1/2) are epigenetic regulators that play a key role in gene expression and metabolism. HDAC3 is a class I histone deacetylase that functions as a transcriptional co-repressor, modulating gene expression by removing acetyl groups from histones and non-histone proteins. NCoR1, on the other hand, is a transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and liver X receptor (LXR), to regulate metabolic gene expression. Recent research has revealed a functional link between HDAC3 and NCoR1 in the regulation of metabolic gene expression. Genetic deletion of HDAC3 in mouse models has been shown to improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Similarly, genetic deletion of NCoR1 has improved insulin resistance and reduced adiposity in mouse models. Dysregulation of this interaction has been associated with the development of cardio-metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that targeting this pathway may hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of individual functions of HDAC3 and NCoR1/2 and the co-repressor complex formation (HDAC3/NCoR1/2) in different metabolic tissues. Further studies are needed to thoroughly understand the mechanisms through which HDAC3, and NCoR1/2 govern metabolic processes and the implications for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnareddy Paluvai
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kumar D. Shanmukha
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Tyedmers
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Zheng P, Ma W, Gu Y, Wu H, Bian Z, Liu N, Yang D, Chen X. High-fat diet causes mitochondrial damage and downregulation of mitofusin-2 and optic atrophy-1 in multiple organs. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:61-76. [PMID: 37534099 PMCID: PMC10390808 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat consumption promotes the development of obesity, which is associated with various chronic illnesses. Mitochondria are the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, maintaining self-stability through a fine-tuned quality-control network. In the present study, we evaluated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure and dynamics protein expression in multiple organs. C57BL/6J male mice were fed HFD or normal diet (ND) for 24 weeks. Compared with ND-fed mice, HFD-fed mice exhibited increased body weight, cardiomyocyte enlargement, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, renal and splenic structural abnormalities. The cellular apoptosis of the heart, liver, and kidney increased. Cellular lipid droplet deposition and mitochondrial deformations were observed. The proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM), fission (DRP1), autophagy (LC3 and LC3-II: LC3-I ratio), and mitophagy (PINK1) presented different changes in different organs. The mitochondrial fusion regulators mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) were consistently downregulated in multiple organs, even the spleen. TOMM20 and ATP5A protein were enhanced in the heart, skeletal muscle, and spleen, and attenuated in the kidney. These results indicated that high-fat feeding caused pathological changes in multiple organs, accompanied by mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and MFN2 and OPA1 downregulation. The mitochondrial fusion proteins may become promising targets and/or markers for treating metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilu Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiping Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Zhao L, Xu C, Zhou W, Li Y, Xie Y, Hu H, Wang Z. Polygonati Rhizoma with the homology of medicine and food: A review of ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116296. [PMID: 36841378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonati Rhizoma (PR), which contains rich national cultural connotations, is a traditional Chinese medicine with homology of medicine and food. It has been used for a long time as a tonic in China's multi-ethnic medical system, and is also used to treat diseases such as premature graying hair, deficiency of blood and essence, diabetes, hypertension, etc. Meanwhile, PR is often used as food in China, India, South Korea and other Asian countries, which can satisfy hunger and provide many health benefits. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper systematically reviewed the ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and related applications research of PR, and provided a reference for the comprehensive applications of PR, including basic research, product development and clinical applications. This paper also refined the national application characteristics of PR, such as rich plant resources, special chemical components and anti-hidden hungry, which laid a foundation for its high value and high connotation development in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was collected systematically from the electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Geen Medical, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the above literature confirmed that PR has been used in the ethnic medicine system of Asian countries such as China for thousands of years. In this paper, 12 species including official species that can be used as PR are summarized, which provide rich plant resources for PR. The chemical components in PR are divided into nutritional components and active components. The former not only contains non-starch polysaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides, which account for about 50% in PR and are recognized as high-quality diet in the world, but also contains inorganic elements and mineral elements. And a total of 199 kinds active ingredients, including saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc., were sorted out by us. The above ingredients make PR have a special property of anti-hidden hunger. Studies have shown that PR has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as immune regulation, blood glucose regulation, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antibacterial, etc. It has been widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics, gardens and other fields. CONCLUSIONS PR, as a classic medicinal material of the same origin, is widely used in the traditional ethnic medicine system. It contains abundant potential plant resources, chemical components and pharmacological activities. This paper also suggests that PR with high application value in food industry, has the potential to become a high-quality coarse grain. Exploring the way of grain and industrialization of PR is beneficial to fully develop the economic value of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Weiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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11
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Wang T, Li YQ, Yu LP, Zi L, Yang YQ, Zhang M, Hao JJ, Gu W, Zhang F, Yu J, Yang XX. Compatibility of Polygonati Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix enhance the alleviation of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114584. [PMID: 36989710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills (JHP) composed of Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) remedied mitochondria to cure metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, a comparison of the anti-MAFLD ability between JHP prescription and PR and ASR single-medicines in MAFLD has not been performed, and the action mechanisms and substances remain unknown. Our results show that JHP, PR and ASR decreased serum and liver lipid levels. The effects of JHP were stronger than those of PR and ASR. JHP, PR and ASR afforded protection to mitochondrial ultrastructure, and regulated oxidative stress and energy metabolism in mitochondria. JHP also regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, which were not regulated by PR and ASR. JHP-, PR- and ASR-derived components in mitochondrial extracts regulated oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and β-oxidation gene expression and alleviated cellular steatosis. Four, six and eleven compounds were identified in mitochondrial extracts from PR-, ASR- and JHP-treated rats, respectively. The data suggest that JHP, PR and ASR alleviated MAFLD by remedying mitochondria, while the ability of JHP was stronger than that of PR and ASR, which was involved with the β-oxidation promotion. The compounds identified may be the main ingredients in the three extracts active in MAFLD improvement.
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Li X, Mei M, Pu X, Chen X, Li X, Meng F, He S, Li J, Gu W, Yang X, Zhang F, Yu J. Protective effect and mechanism of Polygonatum kingianum against hypoxia-induced injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14353. [PMID: 36967867 PMCID: PMC10034467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an essential cause of fatigue and aging, and is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Polygonatum kingianum (PK) is a deficiency-nourishing Chinese herbal medicine utilized as both medicine and food, and it has long been used to ameliorate human conditions associated with fatigue and aging over 2000 years in China. PK is an important genuine-medicinal-materials cultivated in Yunnan, China, and is used by the Bai, Wa, and Zhuang nationalities as a traditional medicine for enhancing immunity, anti-fatigue, and anti-aging, while the preventive effect of PK on hypoxia-induced injury and the underlying mechanism are indefinite. Aim of the study The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypoxia efficacy and understand the corresponding mechanism of PK water extract. Materials and methods The main active ingredients and targets of PK were predicted using network pharmacology, and the anti-hypoxia activities of Gracillin and Liquiritigenin were verified by in vitro experiments. The pharmacodynamic experiments were conducted to evaluate the major signal pathways of PK for detecting anti-hypoxia activity. Results Fifty active ingredients and 371 potential targets were screened by network pharmacology, then, we confirmed that Gracillin and Liquiritigenin were the main active components of PK to exert anti-hypoxia effect in vitro. The pharmacodynamic experiments revealed that PK enhanced the extension rate of the survival time (ERST) and regulated the targets-related biochemical parameters of rats under hypoxia, showing significant anti-hypoxia effects on rats. Conclusion The network pharmacology results suggested that PK exerts its anti-hypoxia effect through a multi-component and multi-target manner. Simultaneously, we also observed that Gracillin (saponins) and Liquiritigenin (flavonoids) are the main active components of PK to play a role in anti-hypoxia. The anti-hypoxia effect of PK could be associated with scavenging excess free radicals, maintaining the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation. These findings provide insight into the Polygonatum kingianum as promising medicines or healthcare products for preventing and treating hypoxia.
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13
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Health-Promoting Activities and Associated Mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031350. [PMID: 36771015 PMCID: PMC9919897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma, a typical homology of medicine and food, possesses remarkable anti-fatigue, anti-aging, metabolic regulatory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetes, and anti-cancer effects. Among bioactive phytochemicals in Polygonati Rhizoma, polysaccharides play important roles in the health-promoting activities through the mechanisms mentioned above and potential synergistic effects with other bioactives. In this review, we briefly introduce the updated biosynthesis of polysaccharides, the purification method, the structure characterization, and food applications, and discuss in detail the biological activities of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides and associated mechanisms, aiming at broadening the usage of Polygonati Rhizoma as functional food and medicine.
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14
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Hu Y, Chen X, Hu M, Zhang D, Yuan S, Li P, Feng L. Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects. Chin Med 2022; 17:113. [PMID: 36175900 PMCID: PMC9522446 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which lead to the high mortality, disability, and medical expenses in the worldwide. Based on the previous researches, the improvement of dyslipidemia could efficiently prevent the occurrence and progress of cardiovascular diseases. Medicinal and edible plants (MEPs) are the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and could be employed for the disease treatment and health care mostly due to their homology of medicine and food. Compared to the lipid-lowering drugs with many adverse effects, such as rhabdomyolysis and impaired liver function, MEPs exhibit the great potential in the treatment of dyslipidemia with high efficiency, good tolerance and commercial value. In this review, we would like to introduce 20 kinds of MEPs with lipid-lowering effect in the following aspects, including the source, function, active component, target and underlying mechanism, which may provide inspiration for the development of new prescription, functional food and complementary therapy for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mu Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ling Feng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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15
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Cui XY, Wu X, Lu D, Wang D. Network pharmacology-based strategy for predicting therapy targets of Sanqi and Huangjing in diabetes mellitus. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6900-6914. [PMID: 36051114 PMCID: PMC9297423 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i20.6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive literature search shows that Sanqi and Huangjing (SQHJ) can improve diabetes treatment in vivo and in vitro, respectively. However, the combined effects of SQHJ on diabetes mellitus (DM) are still unclear.
AIM To explore the potential mechanism of Panax notoginseng (Sanqi in Chinese) and Polygonati Rhizoma (Huangjing in Chinese) for the treatment of DM using network pharmacology.
METHODS The active components of SQHJ and targets were predicted and screened by network pharmacology through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness filtration using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform database. The potential targets for the treatment of DM were identified according to the DisGeNET database. A comparative analysis was performed to investigate the overlapping genes between active component targets and DM treatment-related targets. We constructed networks of the active component-target and target pathways of SQHJ using Cytoscape software and then analyzed the gene functions. Using the STRING database to perform an interaction analysis among overlapping genes and a topological analysis, the interactions between potential targets were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) function analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted in DAVID.
RESULTS We screened 18 active components from 157 SQHJ components, 187 potential targets for active components and 115 overlapping genes for active components and DM. The network pharmacology analysis revealed that quercetin, beta-sitosterol, baicalein, etc. were the major active components. The mechanism underlying the SQHJ intervention effects in DM may involve nine core targets (TP53, AKT1, CASP3, TNF, interleukin-6, PTGS2, MMP9, JUN, and MAPK1). The screening and enrichment analysis revealed that the treatment of DM using SQHJ primarily involved 16 GO enriched terms and 13 related pathways.
CONCLUSION SQHJ treatment for DM targets TP53, AKT1, CASP3, and TNF and participates in pathways in leishmaniasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Cui
- Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Basic Medical, HE’s University, Shenyang 110163, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Lu
- College of Clinical, HE’s University, Shenyang 110163, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning Province, China
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16
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He XD, Zhang F, Huang Y, Hao JJ, Zhang M, He JB, Pu XM, Li YJ, Zi L, Yu J, Yang XX. Potential indicators of mitochondrial structure and function. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1738-1744. [PMID: 35619320 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220520161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate a range of important physiological and biochemical cellular processes including apoptotic cell death, energy production, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Given their role as the 'engines' of cells, their dysfunction is associated with a variety of disease states. Exploring the relationship between mitochondrial function and disease can reveal the mechanism(s) of drug activity and disease pathology. In this review, we summarized the methods of evaluating the structure and function of mitochondria, including the morphology, membrane fluidity, membrane potential, opening of the membrane permeability transition pore, inner membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, oxidative stress, energy metabolism-related enzymes, apoptotic pathway related proteins, calcium concentration, DNA copy number, oxygen consumption, β-oxidation-related genes and proteins, cardiolipin content, and adenosine triphosphate content. We believe that the information presented in this review will help explore the pathological processes of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of diseases, as well as the activity and mechanism of drugs, and the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jin-Biao He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xue-Mei Pu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Juan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
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Li W, Yu L, Fu B, Chu J, Chen C, Li X, Ma J, Tang W. Protective effects of Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides and aqueous extract on uranium-induced toxicity in human kidney (HK-2) cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:68-79. [PMID: 35033528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current detoxification options of uranium, a toxic radioactive heavy metal, have obvious side effects. Polygonatum kingianum (PK), a natural product with the function of antioxidant, may be effective in detoxification and prevention of uranium-induced nephrotoxicity. Here, we studied the protective effects of PK polysaccharides (PKP) and aqueous extract (PKAE) on uranium-induced toxicity in human kidney (HK-2) cells. First, the physicochemical properties of PKP and PKAE were characterized. Assays on cultured cells demonstrated that pretreatment with PKP and PKAE significantly increased metabolic activity, relieved morphological impairments, and alleviated apoptosis. The impairments caused by uranium exposure were ameliorated (mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level increased while reactive oxygen species decreased). Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that PKP and PKAE alleviated uranium-induced cytotoxicity by regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and the GSK-3β/Fyn/Nrf2 pathway. Collectively, our data support the preventive and therapeutic applications of PKP and PKAE for uranium poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Libing Yu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jian Chu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Xijian Li
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Jiahua Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China.
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Habibi J, Chen D, Hulse JL, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, Jia G. Targeting mineralocorticoid receptors in diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R253-R262. [PMID: 35107025 PMCID: PMC8896998 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation plays an important role in hepatic insulin resistance. However, the precise mechanisms by which MR activation promotes hepatic insulin resistance remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate the roles and mechanisms by which MR activation promotes Western diet (WD)-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Six-week-old C57BL6J mice were fed either mouse chow or a WD, high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates, with or without the MR antagonist spironolactone (1 mg/kg/day) for 16 wk. WD feeding resulted in systemic insulin resistance at 8 and 16 wk. WD also induced impaired hepatic insulin metabolic signaling via phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B pathways, which was associated with increased hepatic CD36, fatty acid transport proteins, fatty acid-binding protein-1, and hepatic steatosis. Meanwhile, consumption of a WD-induced hepatic mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. These abnormalities occurring in response to WD feeding were blunted with spironolactone treatment. Moreover, spironolactone promoted white adipose tissue browning and hepatic glucose transporter type 4 expression. These data suggest that enhanced hepatic MR signaling mediates diet-induced hepatic steatosis and dysregulation of adipose tissue browning, and subsequent hepatic mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dongqing Chen
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jack L. Hulse
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,2Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James R. Sowers
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,2Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,5Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri,3Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri,4Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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19
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Huang WC, Xu JW, Li S, Ng XE, Tung YT. Effects of exercise on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and lipid metabolism in ApoE knockout mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:10. [PMID: 35172845 PMCID: PMC8849014 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is growing more common in the Western world, has become the main cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with metabolism syndromes. NAFLD can indicate a wide spectrum of hepatic pathologies, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis and inflammatory non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to more severe stages of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Moreover, evidence has demonstrated that physical inactivity and westernized dietary habits may facilitate the development of NAFLD. Lipid modulation and metabolism could be important factors in the development of steatosis. Lipid species, characterized using a lipidomic approach with untargeted analysis, could provide potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis of NAFLD or therapeutic applications. Thus, in this study, the effects of exercise on the improvement of NAFLD were further investigated from a lipidomic perspective through the aspects of lipid regulation and metabolism. Methods Wild type (WT) C57BL/6 J and C57BL/6-ApoEem1Narl/Narl mice were assigned to one of four groups: WT mice fed a normal chow diet (CD), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice fed a normal CD, ApoE knockout mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and ApoE knockout mice fed a HFD and provided with swimming exercise. The treatments (e.g., normal diet, HFD, and exercise) were provided for 12 consecutive weeks before the growth curves, biochemistry, fat composition, pathological syndromes, and lipid profiles were determined. Results Exercise significantly reduced the HFD-induced obesity (weight and fat composition), adipocyte hypertrophy, liver lipid accumulation, and pathological steatosis. In addition, exercise ameliorated HFD-induced steatosis in the process of NAFLD. The lipidomic analysis revealed that the changes in plasma triglyceride (14:0/16:0/22:2), phosphatidic acid (18:0/17:2), and phosphatidylglycerol (16:0/20:2) induced by the administration of the HFD could be reversed significantly by exercise. Conclusions The 12-week regular exercise intervention significantly alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD through modulation of specific lipid species in plasma. This finding could elucidate the lipids effects behind the hepatic pathogenesis with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wei Xu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xin Er Ng
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan. .,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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20
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Bi Y, Guo X, Zhang M, Zhu K, Shi C, Fan B, Wu Y, Yang Z, Ji G. Bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cell improves diabetes-associated fatty liver via mitochondria transformation in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:602. [PMID: 34895322 PMCID: PMC8665517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global epidemic disease. Its incidence is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Presently, there is no approved pharmacological agents specially developed for NAFLD. One promising disease-modifying strategy is the transplantation of stem cells to promote metabolic regulation and repair of injury. Method In this study, a T2DM model was established through 28-week high-fat diet (HFD) feeding resulting in T2DM-associated NAFLD, followed by the injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The morphology, function, and transfer of hepatocyte mitochondria were evaluated in both vivo and in vitro. Results BMSC implantation resulted in the considerable recovery of increasing weight, HFD-induced steatosis, liver function, and disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. The treatment with BMSC transplantation was accompanied by reduced fat accumulation. Moreover, mitochondrial transfer was observed in both vivo and vitro studies. And the mitochondria-recipient steatotic cells exhibited significantly enhanced OXPHOS activity, ATP production, and mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced reactive oxygen species levels, which were not achieved by the blocking of mitochondrial transfer. Conclusion Mitochondrial transfer from BMSCs is a feasible process to combat NAFLD via rescuing dysfunction mitochondria, and has a promising therapeutic effect on metabolism-related diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02663-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical College, Puyang city, 457000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keqi Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chentao Shi
- Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical College, Puyang city, 457000, Henan Province, China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanyun Wu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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21
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Zhang C, Yang M. Molecular targets regulating endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk for NAFLD treatment. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common chronic liver disease poses a significant impact on public healthcare and economic risk worldwide. As a multifactorial disease, NAFLD is usually associated with many comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Without effectively preventive intervention, the advanced stage of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is no approved therapeutic treatment. Excessive fat accumulation in the liver is the hallmark of NAFLD, which can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Dysfunction of two organelles also induces the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and disruption of calcium transport, which promote NAFLD progression. Herein, this review summarized the current understanding of the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Specifically, this review focused on the key molecules associated with the ER-mitochondria communication and different treatment options by targeting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to treat NAFLD or NASH. Clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of representative agents, such as natural products, metabolites, and modulators of stress, have been reviewed and analyzed. Overall, recent findings suggest that targeting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction holds a promise for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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22
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Yang M, Meng F, Gu W, Fu L, Zhang F, Li F, Tao Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Yang X, Li J, Yu J. Influence of Polysaccharides From Polygonatum kingianum on Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production and Quorum Sensing in Lactobacillus faecis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:758870. [PMID: 34867887 PMCID: PMC8635744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients of Polygonatum kingianum, which has been proven to regulate the balance of gut microbiota. For the first time, this study focused on the regulation of polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum (PS) on Lactobacillus faecis, a specific probiotic in the intestinal tract. PS effectively promoted the biomass, biofilm and acetic acid production in L. faecis 2-84, and enhanced quorum sensing (QS) signaling. The characteristics of gene sequence were analyzed using genomics approaches, and L. faecis 2-84 was found to encode 18 genes that are closely related to QS and 10 genes related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, transcriptome and proteome analysis demonstrated that PS could promote the QS system of L. faecis by enhancing the transcription of oppA gene and expression of oppD protein. PS also regulated the production and metabolism of SCFAs of L. faecis by upregulating the expression of ldh and metE gene and adh2 protein, and downregulating the expression of mvK gene. In conclusion, it was speculated that PS could affect intestinal SCFAs production by affecting the QS system and SCFAs production in L. faecis. The present study implied that PS might have a role in promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics, where the QS system and SCFAs might be two of the important mechanisms for the probiotic activity of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Kunming Third People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lihui Fu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yating Tao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jingping Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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23
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Geng Y, Wang Y, Sun R, Kang X, Zhao H, Zhu M, Sun Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Tian X, Zhao Y, Yao J. Carnosol alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through targeting of PRDX3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115758. [PMID: 34678374 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), preceding insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Carnosol (CAR) is a kind of diterpenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), a mitochondrial H2O2-eliminating enzyme, undergoes overoxidation and subsequent inactivation under oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the natural phenolic compound CAR on NAFLD via PRDX3. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and AML-12 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) were used to detect the molecular mechanism of CAR in NAFLD. We found that pharmacological treatment with CAR notably moderated HFD- and PA- induced steatosis and liver injury, as shown by biochemical assays, Oil Red O and Nile Red staining. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that CAR exerted anti-NAFLD effects by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress, perturbation of mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The decreased protein and mRNA levels of PRDX3 were accompanied by intense oxidative stress after PA intervention. Interestingly, CAR specifically bound PRDX3, as shown by molecular docking assays, and increased the expression of PRDX3. However, the hepatoprotection of CAR in NAFLD was largely abolished by specific PRDX3 siRNA, which increased mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, CAR suppressed lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis by activating PRDX3, mitigating the progression of NAFLD, and thus, CAR may represent a promising candidate for clinical treatment of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Meiyang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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24
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Dong J, Gu W, Yang X, Zeng L, Wang X, Mu J, Wang Y, Li F, Yang M, Yu J. Crosstalk Between Polygonatum kingianum, the miRNA, and Gut Microbiota in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:740528. [PMID: 34776961 PMCID: PMC8578870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.740528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Polygonatum kingianum is a medicinal herb used in various traditional Chinese medicine formulations. The polysaccharide fraction of P. kingianum can reduce insulin resistance and restore the gut microbiota in a rat model of aberrant lipid metabolism by down regulating miR-122. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the effect of P. kingianum on lipid metabolism, and the roles of specific miRNAs and the gut microbiota. Key findings: P. kingianum administration significantly altered the abundance of 29 gut microbes and 27 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Several aberrantly expressed miRNAs closely related to lipid metabolism were identified, of which some were associated with specific gut microbiota. MiR-484 in particular was identified as the core factor involved in the therapeutic effects of P. kingianum. We hypothesize that the miR-484-Bacteroides/Roseburia axis acts as an important bridge hub that connects the entire miRNA-gut microbiota network. In addition, we observed that Parabacteroides and Bacillus correlated significantly with several miRNAs, including miR-484, miR-122-5p, miR-184 and miR-378b. Summary: P. kingianum alleviates lipid metabolism disorder by targeting the network of key miRNAs and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Dong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Chenggong Hospital of Kunming Yan'an Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Linxi Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiankang Mu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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25
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Li XL, Ma RH, Zhang F, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Evolutionary research trend of Polygonatum species: a comprehensive account of their transformation from traditional medicines to functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34669530 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1993783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in Polygonatum research, there is a huge interest in harnessing the valuable functional ingredients of this genus with the potential for functional foods. This review emphasizes the different aspects of Ploygonatum based research starting from its bioactive compounds, their structural characterization, various extraction methods, as well as biological activities. In view of its integral use as an essential medicinal plant, our review emphasizes on its promising food applications both as an ingredient and as a whole food, and its improved health benefits with potential for agricultural and environmental relevance are also discussed. As we collated the recent research information, we present the main challenges and limitations of the current research trend in this area which can upgrade the further expansion of Polygonatum-related research that will strengthen its economic and accessible nutritional value in the food and health industries. By highlighting the need for the unattended species, this review not only fills existing research gaps, but also encourages the researchers to find new avenues for the natural production of bio-based functional materials and the development of highly functional and health-promoting foods for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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26
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Elsayed HRH, El-Nablaway M, Khattab BA, Sherif RN, Elkashef WF, Abdalla AM, El Nashar EM, Abd-Elmonem MM, El-Gamal R. Independent of Calorie Intake, Short-term Alternate-day Fasting Alleviates NASH, With Modulation of Markers of Lipogenesis, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:575-596. [PMID: 34448436 PMCID: PMC8427931 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211041607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a worldwide health problem. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), although thought to be aggressive, has proven safety and efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term ADF against already established high-fat-fructose (HFF)-induced NASH, independent of the amount of calorie intake, and to study the effect of ADF on lipogenesis, apoptosis, and hepatic inflammation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: (1) negative control and (2) NASH group fed on HFF for 9 weeks, and then randomized into two subgroups of either HFF alone or with ADF protocol for 3 weeks. The ADF could improve HFF-related elevation in serum lactate dehydrogenase and could decrease the mRNA expression of lipogenesis genes; acetyl CoA carboxylase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; apoptotic genes caspase-3, p53, and inflammatory cyclo-oxygenase 2; and immunohistochemical staining for their proteins in liver with upregulation of LC3 and downregulation of P62 immunoexpression. Moreover, ADF ameliorated HFF-induced steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis through hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Sirius Red staining, confirmed by morphometric analysis, without significant weight loss. Significant correlation of morphometric parameters with levels of gene expression was found. These findings suggest ADF to be a safe effective therapeutic agent in the management of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rania N. Sherif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
- Department of Anatomy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Wagdi Fawzy Elkashef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asim Mohammed Abdalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Mohammad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry
- Department of Pathology and Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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27
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Mu JK, Zi L, Li YQ, Yu LP, Cui ZG, Shi TT, Zhang F, Gu W, Hao JJ, Yu J, Yang XX. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills relieve mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112092. [PMID: 34449316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common global chronic liver disease. Jiuzhuan Huangjing Pills (JHP) have been used for the treatment of human disease for over a thousand years, but their efficacy and underlying mechanism(s) of action against MAFLD are unknown. We investigated the alleviating effects of JHP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD. METHODS In vitro and in vivo methods were used to evaluate the effects of JHP on MAFLD. L02 adipocyte models were induced by fat emulsion and adipocytes were treated with JHP for 24 h. MAFLD rat models were induced by HFD-feeding and were intragastrically administered JHP for 12 weeks. Changes in fat accumulation, L02 cell damage, body weight, food intake, histological parameters, organ indexes, biochemical parameters, and mitochondrial indicators including ultrastructure, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS JHP attenuated the increase in levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels, and significantly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol. JHP up-regulated levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA). JHP afforded protection to the mitochondrial ultrastructure, and inhibited the HFD-induced increase in MDA and the reduction of SOD, GSH, ATP synthase, and complex I and II, in liver mitochondria. JHP regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, including acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α and peroxide proliferator activated receptor α. CONCLUSION JHP alleviates HFD-induced MAFLD through the protection of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China.
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28
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Han H, Li X, Guo Y, Zheng M, Xue T, Wang L. Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice: association with regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via activating AMPK signaling. Food Funct 2021; 12:2171-2188. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving mitochondrial function, modifying lipid metabolism, and inhibiting oxidative stress via AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing
| | - Tingli Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
| | - Linqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan
- PR China
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29
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Marx W, Lane M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Berk M, Walder K, Borsini A, Firth J, Pariante CM, Berding K, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Craig JM, Su KP, Mischoulon D, Gomez-Pinilla F, Foster JA, Cani PD, Thuret S, Staudacher HM, Sánchez-Villegas A, Arshad H, Akbaraly T, O'Neil A, Segasby T, Jacka FN. Diet and depression: exploring the biological mechanisms of action. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:134-150. [PMID: 33144709 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of nutritional psychiatry has generated observational and efficacy data supporting a role for healthy dietary patterns in depression onset and symptom management. To guide future clinical trials and targeted dietary therapies, this review provides an overview of what is currently known regarding underlying mechanisms of action by which diet may influence mental and brain health. The mechanisms of action associating diet with health outcomes are complex, multifaceted, interacting, and not restricted to any one biological pathway. Numerous pathways were identified through which diet could plausibly affect mental health. These include modulation of pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, the gut microbiota, tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, the HPA axis, neurogenesis and BDNF, epigenetics, and obesity. However, the nascent nature of the nutritional psychiatry field to date means that the existing literature identified in this review is largely comprised of preclinical animal studies. To fully identify and elucidate complex mechanisms of action, intervention studies that assess markers related to these pathways within clinically diagnosed human populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Melissa Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Hajara Aslam
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Metabolic Research Unit, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Departments of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heidi M Staudacher
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Husnain Arshad
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Tasnime Akbaraly
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, "DevPsy", 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Segasby
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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30
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Li R, Tao A, Yang R, Fan M, Zhang X, Du Z, Shang F, Xia C, Duan B. Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and antidiabetic mechanism of a novel polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110687. [PMID: 33152904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum has been used as a traditional medicine in China. In this study, a novel polysaccharides (PKPs-1) was isolated from P. kingianum and characterized by its molecular weight, primary structure. The hypoglycemic activity of PKPs-1was investigated by in vitro assay with the HepG2 cell line and in vivo test using STZ-induced diabetic mice. Results showed that the average molecular weight of PKPs-1 was 14.05 kDa and is composed mainly of glucose and mannose. Methylation analysis indicated that this polysaccharides fraction consisted mainly of β1,2-link glucose. Besides, PKPs-1 exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced mice, improved insulin tolerance, and affected the metabolism of serum lipids. Results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) showed that PKPs-1 significantly increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), indicating that PKPs-1 regulates glucose metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study provides new insights for investigating the hypoglycemic effects of PKPs-1 and suggests that PKPs-1 could be a promising functional food or medicine for treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Aien Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Runmei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaocan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Zefei Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Feineng Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China.
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32
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Remedying the Mitochondria to Cure Human Diseases by Natural Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5232614. [PMID: 32733635 PMCID: PMC7376439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5232614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the ‘engine' of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism in many human diseases. Many natural products could remedy the mitochondria to alleviate mitochondria-involved diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the relationship between the mitochondria and human diseases and the regulation of natural products to the mitochondria. We proposed that the development of mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive strategy for a mitochondria-involved disorder therapy. Moreover, investigating the mitochondrial regulation of natural products can potentiate the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.
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33
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Muscle Fatigue-Alleviating Effects of a Prescription Composed of Polygonati Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3963045. [PMID: 32596304 PMCID: PMC7301163 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3963045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term muscle fatigue is a major cause of injury. Drugs/nutrients from herbal medicines that prevent fatigue remain a major research focus. In China, a prescription composed of Polygonati Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma has been commonly used as a herb and food nutrient, providing protection against fatigue in the clinic. To date, the mechanisms through which this prescription prevented fatigue are unknown. Here, we identified the effects of this prescription on muscle fatigue based on energy and oxidation regulation. Fatigue mouse models were produced through weight-bearing exhaustive swimming. Mice were intragastrically administered prescription extracts (1 and 2 g/kg) for four weeks. Changes in exhaustive swimming times, antifatigue biochemical indicators, oxidative status, and energy metabolism were investigated. The prescription prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of the mice. The content of lactic acid and blood urea nitrogen in the serum was also markedly reduced by the prescription. The content of liver glycogen and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum increased. The prescription also significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The levels of ATPase, complexes I and II in the mitochondria of hind-leg skeletal muscle, and serum creatine kinase also increased in response to the prescription. Our results indicated that the prescription could effectively alleviate muscle fatigue status by promoting energy metabolism and antioxidation ability. The prescription therefore represents a useful drug/nutrient strategy to alleviate muscle fatigue.
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34
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Xu Y, Guo W, Zhang C, Chen F, Tan HY, Li S, Wang N, Feng Y. Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases-Efficacy, Action Mechanism, and Clinical Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:601. [PMID: 32477116 PMCID: PMC7235193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with high prevalence in the developed countries. NAFLD has been considered as one of the leading causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis and chronic liver disease. The individuals with obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension cardiovascular disease have a high risk to develop NAFLD. The related critical pathological events are associated with the development of NAFLD including insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The development of NAFLD range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic steatosis is characterized by fat accumulation, which represents the early stage of NAFLD. Then, inflammation triggered by steatosis drives early NAFLD progression into NASH. Therefore, the amelioration of steatosis and inflammation is essential for NAFLD therapy. The herbal medicine have taken great effects on the improvement of steatosis and inflammation for treating NAFLD. It has been found out that these effects involved the multiple mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and inflammation. In this review, we pay particular attention on herbal medicine treatment and make summary about the research of herbal medicine, including herb formula, herb extract and naturals compound on NAFLD. We make details about their protective effects, the mechanism of action involved in the amelioration steatosis and inflammation for NAFLD therapy as well as the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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35
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Li S, Xu Y, Guo W, Chen F, Zhang C, Tan HY, Wang N, Feng Y. The Impacts of Herbal Medicines and Natural Products on Regulating the Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32265720 PMCID: PMC7105674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism is one of the hallmarks in many liver diseases including alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Hepatic inflammation, lipoperoxidative stress as well as the imbalance between lipid availability and lipid disposal, are direct causes of liver steatosis. The application of herbal medicines with anti-oxidative stress and lipid-balancing properties has been extensively attempted as pharmaceutical intervention for liver disorders in experimental and clinical studies. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying their hepatoprotective effects warrant further exploration, increasing evidence demonstrated that many herbal medicines are involved in regulating lipid accumulation processes including hepatic lipolytic and lipogenic pathways, such as mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation, the secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) uptake, and some vital hepatic lipogenic enzymes. Therefore, in this review, the pathways or crucial mediators participated in the dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism are systematically summarized, followed by the current evidences and advances in the positive impacts of herbal medicines and natural products on the lipid metabolism pathways are detailed. Furthermore, several herbal formulas, herbs or herbal derivatives, such as Erchen Dection, Danshen, resveratrol, and berberine, which have been extensively studied for their promising potential in mediating lipid metabolism, are particularly highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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36
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Yang XX, Wei JD, Mu JK, Liu X, Li FJ, Li YQ, Gu W, Li JP, Yu J. Mitochondrial metabolomic profiling for elucidating the alleviating potential of Polygonatum kingianum against high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6404-6415. [PMID: 31798277 PMCID: PMC6881506 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i43.6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represent attractive strategies for therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Polygonatum kingianum (PK) has been traditionally used in China as a medicinal and nutritional ingredient for centuries and can alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD by promoting mitochondrial functions. To date, the underlying molecular mechanism of PK for treating mitochondrial dysfunctions and thus alleviating NAFLD remains unclear.
AIM To identify the molecular mechanism behind the mitochondrial regulatory action of PK against HFD-induced NAFLD in rats.
METHODS NAFLD model was induced in rats with HFD. The rats were intragastrically administered PK (4 g/kg per day) for 14 wk. Metabolites in hepatic mitochondrial samples were profiled through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry followed by multivariate statistical analysis to find the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways.
RESULTS PK significantly restored the metabolites’ levels in the mitochondrial samples. Ten potential biomarkers were identified in the analyzed samples. These biomarkers are involved in riboflavin metabolism.
CONCLUSION PK can alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating the riboflavin metabolism and further improving the mitochondrial functions. Thus, PK is a promising mitochondrial regulator/nutrient for alleviating NAFLD-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jia-Di Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jing-Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
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