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Zhang D, Qin H, Chen W, Xiang J, Jiang M, Zhang L, Zhou K, Hu Y. Utilizing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal models to explore the therapeutic potential of the WenYang FuYuan recipe for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through AGE-RAGE and NF-κB/p38MAPK signaling pathway modulation. Exp Gerontol 2024; 191:112448. [PMID: 38697555 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a debilitating condition with high morbidity, disability, and mortality that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. In China, the WenYang FuYuan recipe is widely used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown, so exploring the potential mechanism of action of this formula is of great practical significance for stroke treatment. OBJECTIVE This study employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments to clarify the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of the WenYang FuYuan recipe in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, with a view to providing a solid scientific foundation for the subsequent study of this recipe. MATERIALS AND METHODS Active ingredients of the WenYang FuYuan recipe were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform. Network pharmacology approaches were used to explore the potential targets and mechanisms of action of the WenYang FuYuan recipe for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/Reperfusion 2 h Sprague Dawley rat model was prepared, and TTC staining and modified neurological severity score were applied to examine the neurological deficits in rats. HE staining and Nissl staining were applied to examine the pathological changes in rats. Immunofluorescence labeling and Elisa assay were applied to examine the expression levels of certain proteins and associated factors, while qRT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to examine the expression levels of linked proteins and mRNAs in disease-related signaling pathways. RESULTS We identified 62 key active ingredients in the WenYang FuYuan recipe, with 222 highly significant I/R targets, forming 138 pairs of medication components and component-targets, with the top five being Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, β-sitosterol, and Stigmasterol. The key targets included TP53, RELA, TNF, STAT1, and MAPK14 (p38MAPK). Targets related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were enriched in chemical responses, enzyme binding, endomembrane system, while enriched pathways included lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications. In addition, the main five active ingredients and targets in the WenYang FuYuan recipe showed high binding affinity (e.g. Stigmasterol and MAPK14, total energy <-10.5 Kcal/mol). In animal experiments, the WenYang FuYuan recipe reduced brain tissue damage, increased the number of surviving neurons, and down-regulated S100β and RAGE protein expression. Moreover, the relative expression levels of key targets such as TP53, RELA and p38MAPK mRNA were significantly down-regulated in the WenYang FuYuan recipe group, and serum IL-6 and TNF-a factor levels were reduced. After WenYang FuYuan recipe treatment, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and downstream NF-kB/p38MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were significantly modulated. CONCLUSION This study utilized network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to identify the potential mechanism of the WenYang FuYuan recipe, which may be associated with the regulation of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the inhibition of target proteins and mRNAs in the downstream NF-kB/p38MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongling Qin
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Junjun Xiang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Minghe Jiang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China.
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Ma Y, Guo X, Wu P, Li Y, Zhang R, Xu L, Wei J. Comprehensive Analysis Reveals the Difference in Volatile Oil between Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y. Li and the Other Four Medicinal Bupleurum Species. Molecules 2024; 29:2561. [PMID: 38893436 PMCID: PMC11173446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile oil serves as a traditional antipyretic component of Bupleuri Radix. Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y. Li belongs to the genus Bupleurum and is distinguished for its high level of saikosaponins and volatile oils; nonetheless, prevailing evidence remains inconclusive regarding its viability as an alternative resource of other official species. This study aims to systematically compare the volatile oil components of both dried and fresh roots of B. marginatum var. stenophyllum and the four legally available Bupleurum species across their chemical, molecular, bionics, and anatomical structures. A total of 962 compounds were determined via GC-MS from the dried roots; B. marginatum var. stenophyllum showed the greatest differences from other species in terms of hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones, which was consistent with the results of fresh roots and the e-nose analysis. A large number of DEGs were identified from the key enzyme family of the monoterpene synthesis pathway in B. marginatum var. stenophyllum via transcriptome analysis. The microscopic observation results, using different staining methods, further showed the distinctive high proportion of phloem in B. marginatum var. stenophyllum, the structure which produces volatile oils. Together, these pieces of evidence hold substantial significance in guiding the judicious development and utilization of Bupleurum genus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Peiling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Lijia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
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Jin S, Gao Q, Dunn DW, Zhao H, Liang Z, Li M, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Gao G, He G, Li B, Guo S. Variation in placentophagy in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) reflects nutritional constraints. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38597117 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Golden snub-nosed monkeys show inconsistent frequency of placentophagy between wild and captive populations, with almost all births in the wild but around half of the births in captivity accompanied by the female's consumption of placenta. This aligns with nutritional demands-driven placentophagy, as captive populations are generally under less nutritional constraints for breeding females than the wild population. Placentophagy is probably adaptive in the wild and under positive selection due to nutritional benefits to both mothers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Derek W Dunn
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Meirong Li
- Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Xi'an Qinling Wildlife Zoo, Xi'an, China
| | - Zujin Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo (Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Genggeng Gao
- Research Center for the Qinling Giant Panda (Shaanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Base), Xi'an, China
| | - Gang He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Science, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Songtao Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Li SN, Bing YF, Wu S, Luo LT, Sun ZW, Li WL, Qu ZY, Zou X. Discovery and verification of anti-inflammatory-related quality markers in the aerial part of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and in RAW 264.7 cells and a zebrafish model. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:336-349. [PMID: 37787024 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The root of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (BS) is officially recognized in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In contrast, the aerial part of BS (ABS), accounting for 80% of BS, is typically discarded, causing potential waste of medicinal resources. ABS has shown benefits in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases in China and Spain, and the material basis underlying its anti-inflammatory effects must be systematically elucidated for the rational use of ABS. OBJECTIVE We aimed to screen and validate the anti-inflammatory quality markers (Q-markers) of ABS and to confirm the ideal time for ABS harvesting. METHODS The chemical components and anti-inflammatory effects of ABS from 10 extracted parts were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell model. Anti-inflammatory substances were screened by Pearson bivariate analysis and gray correlation analysis, and the anti-inflammatory effects were verified in a zebrafish tail-cutting inflammation model. HPLC was applied to measure the Q-marker contents of ABS in different harvesting periods. RESULTS Ten ABS extracts effectively alleviated the increase in LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. Forty components were identified from them, among which 27 were common components. Eight components were correlated with anti-inflammatory effects, which were confirmed to reverse the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in a zebrafish model. Chlorogenic acid, hypericin, rutin, quercetin, and isorhamnetin can be detected by HPLC, and the maximum contents of these five Q-markers were obtained in the sample harvested in August. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory Q-markers of ABS were elucidated by chromatographic-pharmacodynamic-stoichiometric analysis, which served as a crucial basis for ABS quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bing
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Long-Tan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Lan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Engineering Research Center on Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Liu JY, Shen YL, Zhu JY, Yang DD. Saikosaponin D mitigate pilocarpine-induced astrocyte injury by regulating the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14481. [PMID: 38458969 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Studies have shown that saikosaponin D (SSD) has favorable neurotherapeutic effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the efficacy and possible molecular mechanisms of SSD on pilocarpine (PP)-induced astrocyte injury. Primary astrocytes were isolated from juvenile rats and identified using immunofluorescence. The cells were treated with PP and/or SSD for 6 h and 12 h, respectively, followed by measurement of their viability through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Next, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), C3, S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100a10), pentraxin 3 (Ptx3), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and RAG in astrocytes after different treatments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical tests were utilized to evaluate the level of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] secreted by cells and the content of oxidative stress-related factors (malondialdehyde [MDA] and glutathione [GSH]) or enzyme activity (catalase [CAT] and glutathione peroxidase [GPX]) in cells. The JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) fluorescence probe was used to measure the MMP in astrocytes. Additionally, western blot was applied to test the expression of proteins related to the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 signaling pathway. PP treatment (1 mM) induced cell injury by significantly reducing the viability of astrocytes and expression of cellular markers. SSD treatment (4 μM) had no toxicity to astrocytes. Besides, SSD (4 μM) treatment could significantly up-regulate the cell viability and marker expression of PP-induced astrocytes. Furthermore, SSD could be employed to inhibit inflammation (reduce IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels) and oxidative stress (decrease MDA level, elevate GSH level, the activity of CAT and GPX), and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction (upregulate JC-1 ratio) in PP-induced astrocytes. Moreover, further mechanism exploration revealed that SSD treatment significantly reduced the activity of the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway activated by PP induction. SSD increased cell viability, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress response, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in PP-induced astrocyte injury model, thus playing a neuroprotective role. The mechanism of SSD may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Ling Shen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Dong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Bailly C. Efficacy and safety of the traditional herbal medication Chai-Ling-Tang (in China), Siryung-tang (in Republic of Korea) or Sairei-To (in Japan). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117127. [PMID: 37683930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal medicine designated Chai-Ling-Tang in China, Siryung-tang in South Korea, and Sairei-To (or Tsumura Saireito extract granules, TJ-114) in Japan is a complex polyherbal formulations with 12 plant components. It is used historically to treat Shaoyang syndrome, recorded in an ancient Chinese medical text "Treatise on Cold Damage Disorder" (Shanghan Lun). Chai-Ling-Tang formula combines two traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions: Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang and Wu-Ling-San (known as Sho-Saiko-To and Goreisan in Japan, and So Shi Ho Tang and Oreonsang in Korea, respectively). These traditional Chinese/Korean medicines and Kampo medicine have been used for more than 2000 years in East Asia, notably as regulators of body fluid homeostasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to evaluate clinical uses, pharmacological effects and unwanted effects of Sairei-To through a narrative literature survey. The main active phytoconstituents and their mechanism of actions are also collated based on the literature. METHODS Several databases including SciFinder and PubMed were searched in sourcing information using keywords corresponding to the medicinal treatment names and the corresponding plants and phytochemicals. Relevant textbooks, reviews, and digital documents (mostly in English) were consulted to collate all available scientific literature and to provide a complete science-based survey of the topic. RESULTS Sairei-To derives from ten plants and two fungi. The three major components are Bupleuri radix (Saiko), Pinelliae rhizoma (Hange), and Alismatis rhizoma (Takusha). The rest includes the species Scutellariae radix, Zizyphi fructus, Ginseng radix, Glycyrrhizae radix, Zingiberis rhizoma, Cinnamomi cortex, Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma, Poria sclerotium, and Polyporus sclerotium. The therapeutic uses of Sairei-To are very diversified, ranging from the treatment of autoimmune diseases, intestinal inflammatory disorders, edema, intestinal and kidney diseases, cancers, inflammatory skin pathologies, and other conditions such as reproductive failure. Sairei-To is considered as a safe and efficient medication, with potential rare unwanted side effects, notably lung injuries (pneumonitis essentially). Marked anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of Sairei-To have been reported, generally associated to the action of saponins (saikosaponins, glycyrrhizin), terpenoids (alisols) and flavonoids (baicalin, oroxylin A). CONCLUSION Sairei-To is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases and appears efficient to decrease the side effects of corticosteroids. Its immune-regulatory action is well recognized and exploited to treat certain skin lesions and chemotherapy-related toxic effects. The activity of the Sairei-To product relies on the synergistic action of its individual ingredients. Further studies are warranted to quantify the synergy of action inherent to this interesting botanical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Consulting Scientific Office, Lille, Wasquehal, 59290, France; University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59000, Lille, France; University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France.
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Shen XJ, Zhang JQ, An YL, Yang L, Li XL, Hu YS, Sha F, Yao CL, Bi QR, Qu H, Guo DA. MATLAB language assisted data acquisition and processing in liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Application to the identification and differentiation of Radix Bupleuri from its adulterants. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464544. [PMID: 38142618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive and rapid analysis of secondary metabolites like saponins remains challenging. This study aimed to establish a semi-automated workflow for filtration, identification, and characterization of saikosaponins in six Bupleurum species. Radix Bupleuri, a high-sales herbal medicine, is often adulterated, restricting its quality control and applications. Two authentic Radix Bupleuri species and four major adulterants were analyzed through UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS for targeted saikosaponin analysis. To reveal trace saikosaponins and obtain quality fragment data, a MATLAB-based process automatically enumerating "sugar chain + aglycone + side chain" combinations and deduplicating generated a predicted saikosaponin database covering all possible saikosaponins as a precursor ion list for comprehensive targeted acquisition. To focus on informative ions and reduce MS analysis workload, we utilized MATLAB to automatically filtrate the false positive ions by MS1 and MS2 spectrometry. The newly established MATLAB-assisted data acquisition approach exhibited 50 % improvement in characterization of targeted saikosaponins. Furthermore, positive and negative ionization workflows were designed for accurate saikosaponins characterization based on fragmentation rules. In total, 707 saikosaponins were characterized, including over 500 potential new compounds and previously unreported C29 aglycones. We identified 25 saikosaponins present in both authentic species but absent in adulterants as potential markers. This unprecedented comprehensive multi-origin species differentiation demonstrates the promise of MATLAB-assisted acquisition and processing to advance saponin identification and standardize the Radix Bupleuri market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Jing Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Ling An
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Shu Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Sha
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Liang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi-Rui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China.
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Zhang S, Jia Y, Ma G, Yang Y, Cao Z, Luo A, Zhang Z, Li S, Wen J, Liu H, Ma J. Bupleurum exerts antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels in mouse ventricular myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149322. [PMID: 38039833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupleurum (Bup), is a traditional effective medicine to treat colds and fevers in clinics. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Bup exhibites various biological activities, including cardioprotective effects, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, etc. Currently, the effects of Bup on cardiac electrophysiology have not been reported yet. METHODS Electrocardiogram recordings were used to investigate the effects of Bup on aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Patch-clamp techniques were used to explore the effects of Bup on APs and ion currents. RESULTS Bup reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and delayed the onset time of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in mice. Additionally, Bup (40 mg/mL) suppressed DADs induced by high-Ca2+ and shortened action potential duration at 50 % completion of repolarization (APD50) and action potential duration at 90 % completion of repolarization (APD90) to 60.89 % ± 8.40 % and 68.94 % ± 3.24 % of the control, respectively. Moreover, Bup inhibited L-type calcium currents (ICa.L) in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 25.36 mg/mL. Furthermore, Bup affected the gated kinetics of L-type calcium channels by slowing down steady-state activation, accelerating the steady-state inactivation, and delaying the inactivation-recovery process. However, Bup had no effects on the Transient sodium current (INa.T), ATX II-increased late sodium current (INa.L), transient outward current (Ito), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), or inward rectifier potassium current (IK1). CONCLUSION Bup is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuzhong Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guolan Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Antao Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zefu Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shihan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hanfeng Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jihua Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
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9
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Shen W, Fan X, Fu G, Liu H, Liang X, Wei J, Sun L, Zhang L, Chi X, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of the Chaixiong Qiwei granule for tension-type headache: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074871. [PMID: 38035742 PMCID: PMC10689380 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent headache disorder worldwide. Although current treatments for TTH are beneficial, they are not without adverse effects. Chaixiong Qiwei granule (CXQW) is an experienced prescription medicine for TTH management. This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of CXQW for the treatment of TTH. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will be a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 148 eligible participants will be divided into the intervention (CXQW treatment) and control (placebo treatment) groups. The primary outcome will be the reduction in the number of headache days (headache-days reduction) within 9-12 weeks after randomisation, while secondary outcomes will include the number of headache days, headache intensity, responder rate, drug consumption for acute treatment, quality of life and symptoms related to traditional Chinese medicine use based on a symptom-observation table. This protocol describes the design of the randomised controlled trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study design was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Human Research at Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No. 2020XLA030-2). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100042514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Fan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxi Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjuan Sun
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiansu Chi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang ZY, Zhao YJ, Guo FJ, Wang HY. Identification of Radix Bupleuri From Different Geographic Origins Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Support Vector Machine Algorithm. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1682-1688. [PMID: 37202359 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The geographic origin of Radix bupleuri is an important factor affecting its efficacy, which needs to be effectively identified. OBJECTIVE The goal is to enrich and develop the intelligent recognition technology applicable to the identification of the origin of traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD This article establishes an identification method of Radix bupleuri geographic origin based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The Euclidean distance method is used to measure the similarity between Radix bupleuri samples, and the quality control chart method is applied to quantitatively describe their quality fluctuation. RESULTS It is found that the samples from the same origin are relatively similar and mainly fluctuate within the control limit, but the fluctuation range is large, and it is impossible to distinguish the samples from different origins. The SVM algorithm can effectively eliminate the impact of intensity fluctuations and huge data dimensions by combining the normalization of MALDI-TOF MS data and the dimensionality reduction of principal components, and finally achieve efficient identification of the origin of Radix bupleuri, with an average recognition rate of 98.5%. CONCLUSIONS This newly established approach for identification of the geographic origin of Radix bupleuri has been realized, and it has the advantages of objectivity and intelligence, which can be used as a reference for other medical and food-related research. HIGHLIGHTS A new intelligent recognition method of medicinal material origin based on MALDI-TOF MS and SVM has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yong Zhang
- Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ju Zhao
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Engineering Research Institute of Food and Drug Quality and Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Jie Guo
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Engineering Research Institute of Food and Drug Quality and Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Engineering Research Institute of Food and Drug Quality and Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, The People's Republic of China
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11
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Maccioni P, Chin YW, Corelli F, Kwon HC, Colombo G. Reducing effect of intragastrically administered saikosaponin A on alcohol and sucrose self-administration in rats. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4256-4260. [PMID: 36787176 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2177848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponin A (SSA) is an active ingredient of the Asian medicinal herb, Bupleurum falcatum L. When administered via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, SSA suppressed multiple addictive-like behaviours, including operant alcohol self-administration, in rodents. It is unknown whether these effects are retained after intragastric (i.g.) administration, a desirable prerequisite for a compound with therapeutic potential. To fill this gap, i.g. SSA (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was tested in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats trained to lever-respond for oral alcohol. SSA reduced lever-responding and amount of self-administered alcohol. However, when compared to i.p. SSA, i.g. SSA resulted to be markedly less potent and effective, suggestive of reduced bioavailability after i.g. treatment. Finally, and in agreement with previous data on the suppressing effect of i.p. SSA on behaviours motivated by highly palatable foods, i.g. SSA (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg) reduced oral sucrose self-administration in a separate set of sP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maccioni
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Giancarlo Colombo
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Li Y, Yang J, Chau CI, Shi J, Chen X, Hu H, Ung COL. Is there a role for traditional and complementary medicines in managing chronic fatigue? a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1266803. [PMID: 37942489 PMCID: PMC10628447 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1266803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an increasingly common condition that is challenging to treat due to unclear etiology and a lack of consensus on clinical diagnosis and treatment guidance. Many affected people resorted to using traditional and complementary medicines (T&CMs). However, the evidence for T&CMs for CFS has been inconclusive and continues to evolve. The study aims to identify, summarize and assess the most recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of T&CMs for CFS. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating T&CMs for CFS published in English of Chinese between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022 were searched from 7 databases. RCTs comparing T&CMs with no treatment, placebo, or pharmacological medicine were included, irrespective of language or blinding. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Statement extensions for Chinese herbal medicine Formulas (CONSORT-CHM) and the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool were used to evaluate the quality and risk of bias of included studies. Results: A total of 62 RCTs investigating 43 types of T&CMs and involving 5,231 participants with CFS were included in this review. The primary outcome measures mainly included the scoring of fatigue symptoms using the validated tool Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14) or the TCM syndrome score. The main interventions showing overall efficacy were Chaihu Guizhi Decoction and Buzhong Yiqi combined with Xiao Chaihu Decoction, and 148 ingredients were identified, including Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Bupleuri Radix. The most significant effect was the improvement of fatigue, followed by TCM-diagnosed symptoms and other psychological conditions. No serious adverse effect had been reported. However, the quality of the RCTs included RCTs were found to be suboptimal, and the risk of bias remained uncertain. Conclusion: Some evidence from RCTs supported the efficacy and safety of T&CM in CFS. However, given the methodological and quality heterogenicity of the included studies, the recommendations of T&CMs in treating CFS remain inconclusive. To develop better quality evidence about T&CMs for CFS, future studies should employ more objective diagnosis standards and outcome measurements, larger sample size, and better bias control, and ensure the compliance with the corresponding reporting guidelines. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022362268, identifier CRD42022362268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jingya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chi Ian Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Junnan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xianwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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13
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Li X, Chen S, Zeng J, Cai R, Liang Y, Chen C, Chen B, Li C. Database-aided UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS strategy putatively identifies 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule to propose anti-counterfeiting quality-markers for pharmacopoeia. Chin Med 2023; 18:116. [PMID: 37689743 PMCID: PMC10492348 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wushicha Granule, an over-the-counter-drug (OTC) prescription, consists of 19 traditional Chinese herbals medicines (CHMs), such as Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao. The five however have not been effectively characterized by the quality-markers (Q-markers) system in current Pharmacopoeia. The study therefore established a novel database-aided ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS) strategy. The strategy has putatively identified 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule, mainly including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, lignins, and lactones. Especially, saponin "glycyrrhetinic acid" in the Granule was specifically identified as 18β-configuration (rather than 18α-configuration). Meanwhile, two pairs of isomers were fully discriminated, including vitexin vs isovitexin and daidzein vs 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone. 8β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, together with saponin saikosaponin A, alkaloid caffeine, lactone S-senkyunolide A, and lignin magnolol, were further studied using quantum chemical calculation, UV-vis spectra, and anti-counterfeiting validation experiment. In the validation experiment, they have successfully recognized 6 counterfeit Wushicha Granules, by means of a LC-MS equipped extraction software. Based on these results, 8β-glycyrrhetinic acid is recommended to replace the old Q-marker "glycyrrhetinic acid"; while saikosaponin A, caffeine, S-senkyunolide A, and magnolol are recommended as new Q-markers. These recommendations can not only recognize the counterfeits regarding Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao, but also prevent the possible safety-incident. All these will greatly improve the efficiency and specificity of current Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoman Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yilan Liang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ban Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Chunhou Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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14
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Yang H, Ma D, Li Q, Zhou W, Chen H, Shan X, Zheng H, Luo C, Ou Z, Xu J, Wang C, Zhao L, Su R, Chen Y, Liu Q, Tan X, Lin L, Jiang T, Zhang F. Real-World Study on Chai-Shi-Jie-Du Granules for the Treatment of Dengue Fever and the Possible Mechanisms Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9942842. [PMID: 37680700 PMCID: PMC10482559 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9942842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a widely used method for treating dengue fever in China. TCM improves the symptoms of patients with dengue, but there is no standard TCM prescription for dengue fever. This real-world study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chai-Shi-Jie-Du (CSJD) granules for the treatment of dengue fever and the underlying mechanisms. Methods We implemented a multicenter real-world study, an in vitro assay and network pharmacology analysis. Patients from 5 hospitals in mainland China who received supportive western treatment in the absence or presence of CSJD were assigned to the control and CSJD groups between 1 August and 31 December 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to correct for biases between groups. The clinical data were compared and analyzed. The antidengue virus activity of CSJD was tested in Syrian baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells using the DENV2-NGC strain. Network pharmacological approaches along with active compound screening, target prediction, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results 137 pairs of patients were successfully matched according to age, sex, and the time from onset to presentation. The time to defervescence (1.7 days vs. 2.5 days, P < 0.05) and the disease course (4.1 days vs. 6.1 days, P < 0.05) were significantly shorter in the CSJD group than those in the control group. CSJD showed no anti-DENV2-NGC virus activity in BHK cells. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 108 potential therapeutic targets, and the top GO and KEGG terms were related to immunity, oxidative stress response, and the response to lipopolysaccharide. Conclusions CSJD granules exhibit high potential for the treatment of dengue fever, and the therapeutic mechanisms involved could be related to regulating immunity, moderating the oxidative stress response, and the response to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Yang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehong Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna 666100, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330002, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiyun Shan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna 666100, Yunnan, China
| | - Haipeng Zheng
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyue Ou
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Jielan Xu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Changtai Wang
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Su
- Scientific Research Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing100071, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Scientific Research Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xinghua Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing100071, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
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15
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Wei N, Wang X, Wu Y, Liu L, Zhao Y, Zhao R. Comparative Study on Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Polysaccharides from Vinegar-Baked Radix Bupleuri Using Different Methods. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29253-29261. [PMID: 37599940 PMCID: PMC10433348 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the extraction method on the physiochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBCPs) was studied. Five extraction methods were employed to obtain the VBCPs: hot water extraction (HW), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UA), enzyme-assisted extraction (EA), citric acid-assisted extraction (CA), and ammonia-assisted extraction (KA). The results showed that the extraction method affects the yield, characteristics, and anti-inflammatory effect of the polysaccharides significantly. KA produced the highest yield, Ara content, and the strongest effect of enhancing IL-10 secretion. VBCP-EA exhibited the largest molecular weight (Mw), the highest Man content, and the poorest effect on inhibiting NO, VBCP-UA possessed more Gal than other VBCPs, the lowest Mw, and a comparable effect on inhibiting NO and TNF-α with VBCP-KA and VBCP-CA. All VBCP self-assembled into nanoparticles in solutions, and VBCP-KA presented the lowest particle size. The structure-activity analysis showed that Mw and Man content are negatively correlated and Ara content is positively correlated with the NO inhibition and IL-10 secretion effects; Rha and Gal A content are positively correlated and Glu is negatively correlated with the TNF-α inhibiting effect. The above results indicated that KA is an efficient method for obtaining anti-inflammatory VBCP, which provides new insight into the extraction of VBCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong
Province Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese
Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong
Province Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese
Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong
Province Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese
Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong
Province Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese
Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Wang Z, Tian L, Xiao Y, Zhao M, Chang Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zhao H, Xiu Y. Quantitative and Differential Analysis between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. Using HPLC-MS and GC-MS Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:5630. [PMID: 37570602 PMCID: PMC10419597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. have different clinical efficacies, with the former typically used to treat typhoid fever and the latter mainly used to clear liver heat. The differences in their clinical efficacy are closely related to their complex chemical composition, especially the active components. In this study, the saponins and volatile oils in two varieties of Radix Bupleuri grown in different regions were extracted and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), and the absolute contents of five saikosaponins were accurately quantified using an established HPLC-MS method in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to reveal the difference in the active components between the two varieties. The saikosaponin content was significantly affected by variety and growing region, with all five saikosaponins being significantly higher in Bupleurum chinense DC. than in Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. The results of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis show a clear distinction between the two varieties in terms of both saponins and volatile oils. Twenty-one saponins, including saikosaponin b2 and b1, and fifty-two volatile oils, including 2-tetradecyloxirane and chloromethyl cyanide, were screened and identified as differential compounds contributing to the significant difference between the two varieties. These compounds may also be responsible for the difference in clinical efficacy between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. All the results suggest that the accumulation and diversity of active components in Radix Bupleuri are significantly affected by the variety. In contrast to previous reports, this study provides the absolute contents of five saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri of different varieties and reduces the influence of the growing region on the analytical results by collecting samples from different regions. The results of this study may provide a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of different varieties of Radix Bupleuri.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanxi Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Z.W.); (L.T.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Z.W.); (L.T.); (Y.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
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17
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Zhu Y, Lai Y. Pharmacological properties and derivatives of saikosaponins-a review of recent studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7194607. [PMID: 37307427 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saikosaponins (SSs) constitute a class of medicinal monomers characterised by a triterpene tricyclic structure. Despite their potential therapeutic effects for various pathological conditions, the underlying mechanisms of their actions have not been systematically analysed. Here, we mainly review the important anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral mechanisms underlying SS actions. METHODS Information from multiple scientific databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar, was collected between 2018 and 2023. The search term used was saikosaponin. KEY FINDINGS Numerous studies have shown that Saikosaponin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid metabolism. Moreover, saikosaponin D exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and the antiviral mechanisms of SSs, especially against SARS-CoV-2, have been partially revealed. Interestingly, an increasing body of experimental evidence suggests that SSs show the potential for use as anti-addiction, anxiolytic, and antidepressant treatments, and therefore, the related molecular mechanisms warrant further study. CONCLUSIONS An increasing amount of data have indicated diverse SS pharmacological properties, indicating crucial clues for future studies and the production of novel saikosaponin-based anti-inflammatory, efficacious anticancer, and anti-novel-coronavirus agents with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang M, Tang HP, Wang S, Hu WJ, Li JY, Yu AQ, Bai QX, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Acorus tatarinowii Schott: A Review of Its Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114525. [PMID: 37299001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii Schott (A. tatarinowii) is a natural medicinal plant. It plays an indispensable role in the treatment of diseases by the empirical medicine system and has achieved remarkable curative effects. A. tatarinowii is often used to treat various diseases, such as depression, epilepsy, fever, dizziness, heartache, stomachache, etc. More than 160 compounds of different structural types have been identified in A. tatarinowii, including phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, amides, and organic acids. These bioactive ingredients make A. tatarinowii remarkable for its pharmacological effects, including antidepressant, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, antianxiety, neuroprotective, antifatigue, and antifungal effects, improving Alzheimer's disease, and so on. It is noteworthy that A. tatarinowii has been widely used in the treatment of brain diseases and nervous system diseases and has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. This review focused on the research publications of A. tatarinowii and aimed to summarize the advances in the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology, which will provide a reference for further studies and applications of A. tatarinowii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Wang J, Qiu S, Shang J, Li C, Du L, He Z, Xue G, Yan P, Su S, Xu H. Development of trisiloxane surfactant vesicles ultrasonic extraction method combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid differentiation of Bupleuri Radix based on metabolomics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:393-407. [PMID: 36882956 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the variety, chemical composition and complex structure, the quality control of Bupleuri Radix (BR) is a challenging task. There are still many trace compounds in BR that are difficult to extract and detect. OBJECTIVE To develop an innovative method of trisiloxane surfactant vesicles ultrasonic extraction (TSVUE) combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the identification from Bupleurum chinense DC. (BC) to Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd (BS) based on metabolomics. METHODS Based on extraction effect for BR, five different types of surfactants vesicles were prepared and compared. Then, a single-factor test and a response surface methodology study were adopted to obtain the optimal conditions for the surfactant vesicles ultrasonic extraction method. Finally, a non-targeted metabolomics method with information dependent acquisition mode was performed to analyse differential metabolites in BC and BS. RESULTS Sugar-based surfactant containing trisiloxane [N-3-propyl-methyltrisiloxane-N-glucoheptonamne (Si(3)N-GHA)] displayed higher extraction efficiency compared to other types of surfactants when it comes to being used in pretreatment methods. And a TSVUE method was established and optimised. In total, 131 constituents were identified in two BR herbs, of which 35 were unreported, and 11 were characterised as chemical markers. CONCLUSIONS This method provides promising perspectives for rapidly identifying trace compounds in complex systems of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as well as for laying the foundation in the identification of similar herbs from the same species. Meanwhile, these findings serve as a promising application of trisiloxane surfactant vesicles in the extraction field of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuocheng Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiawei Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Linliu Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuhan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiren Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Chen C, Gong W, Tian J, Gao X, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. Radix Paeoniae Alba attenuates Radix Bupleuri-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating gut microbiota to alleviate the inhibition of saikosaponins on glutathione synthetase. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:640-659. [PMID: 37440914 PMCID: PMC10334278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (RB) is commonly used to treat depression, but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after long-term use. In many anti-depression prescriptions, RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) as an herb pair. However, whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear. In this work, the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect, but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity. Notably, RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity. Afterward, the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed. The results showed that saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase (GSS) activity in the liver, and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RB-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity, thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to saikogenins in vivo. Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D, which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor, their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity. Based on this, RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosaponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wenxia Gong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junshen Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Teng L, Guo X, Ma Y, Xu L, Wei J, Xiao P. A comprehensive review on traditional and modern research of the genus Bupleurum (Bupleurum L., Apiaceae) in recent 10 years. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116129. [PMID: 36638855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Bupleurum (family Apiaceae), comprising approximately 248 accepted species, is widely distributed and used in China, Japan, India, Central Asia, North Africa and some European countries as traditional herbal medicines. Certain species have been reported to have significant therapeutic effects in fever, inflammatory disorders, cancer, gastric ulcer, virus infection and other diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW we performed a comprehensive review of the ten-year research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, along with bibliometrics research of the genus Bupleurum, aiming to identify knowledge gaps for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literatures are retrieved from library and electronic sources including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, CNKI and Baidu Scholar. These papers cover studies of the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Bupleurum. RESULTS There is a long history of using the genus Bupleurum in traditional herbal medicine that dated back to over 2000 years ago. Twenty-five species and 8 varieties with 3 variants within this genus have been reported to be effective to treat fever, pain, liver disease, inflammation, thoracolumbar pain, irregular menstruation and rectal prolapse. The main phytochemicals found in these plants are triterpene saponins, volatile oil, flavonoid, lignans, and polysaccharides. Many of these compounds have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, immunoregulation, neuroregulation, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. Meanwhile, improper usage of Bupleurum may induce cytotoxic effects, and polyacetylenes may be the main poisonous compounds. CONCLUSIONS This article summarized recent findings about Bupleurum research from many different aspects. While a small number of Bupleurum species have been investigated through modern pharmacology methods, there are still major knowledge gaps due to inadequate studies and ambiguous findings. Future research could focus on more specific phytochemistry studies combined with mechanistic analysis to provide better guidance to utilize Bupleurum as medicinal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Teng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuzhi Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Chen C, Tian J, Gao X, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. An integrated strategy to study the combination mechanisms of Bupleurum chinense DC and Paeonia lactiflora Pall for treating depression based on correlation analysis between serum chemical components profiles and endogenous metabolites profiles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116068. [PMID: 36574791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleurum chinense DC-Paeonia lactiflora Pall (BCD-PLP) is a common clinical herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions commonly used to treat depression. However, its combination mechanisms with its anti-depressive effects remain highly unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, an effective strategy has been developed to study the combination mechanisms of Bupleurum chinense DC (BCD) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PLP) by integrating serum pharmacochemistry analysis, metabolomics technology, and molecular docking technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the depression model rats were replicated by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, and the difference in the chemical composition in vivo before and after the combination of BCD and PLP was analyzed by integrating background subtraction and multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Then, UPLC/HRMS-based serum metabolomics was performed to analyze the synergistic effect on metabolite regulation before and after the combination of BCD and PLP. Further, the correlation analysis between the differential exogenous chemical components and the differential endogenous metabolites before and after the combination was employed to dissect the combination mechanisms from a global perspective of combining metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. Finally, the molecular docking between the differential chemical components and the key metabolic enzymes was applied to verify the regulatory effect of the differential exogenous chemical components on the differential endogenous metabolites. RESULTS The serum pharmacochemistry analysis results demonstrated that the combination of BCD and PLP could significantly affect the content of 10 components in BCD (including 5 prototype components were significantly decreased and 5 metabolites were significantly increased) and 8 components in PLP (including 4 prototype components and 3 metabolites were significantly increased, 1 metabolite was significantly decreased), which indicated that the combination could enhance BCD prototype components' metabolism and the absorption of the PLP prototype components. Besides, metabolomics results indicated that the BCD-PLP herb pair group significantly reversed more metabolites (8) than BCD and PLP single herb group (5 & 4) and has a stronger regulatory effect on metabolite disorders caused by CUMS. Furthermore, the correlation analysis results suggested that saikogenin F and saikogenin G were significantly positively correlated with the endogenous metabolite itaconate, an endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolite; and benzoic acid was significantly positively correlated with D-serine, an endogenous metabolite with an antidepressant effect. Finally, the molecular docking results further confirmed that the combination of BCD and PLP could affect the activities of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase by increasing the in vivo concentration of saikogenin F and benzoic acid, which further enhances its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-depressive effect. CONCLUSIONS In this study, an effective strategy has been developed to study the combination mechanisms of BCD and PLP by integrating serum pharmacochemistry analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, metabolomics technology, and molecular docking technology. Based on this strategy, the present study indicated that the combination of BCD and PLP could affect the activities of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase by increasing the concentration of saikogenin F and benzoic acid in vivo, which further enhances its anti-depressive effect. In short, this strategy will provide a reliable method for elucidating the herb-herb compatibility mechanism of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Junshen Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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Li D, Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhao Z, Wu X, Liu X, Gao P. Phytochemical investigation of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (Umbelliferae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Yu D, Wang W, Huo J, Zhuang Y, Chen Y, Du X. Study on molecular mechanism of volatiles variation during Bupleurum scorzonerifolium root development based on metabolome and transcriptome analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1159511. [PMID: 37035038 PMCID: PMC10079991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is a medicinal herb. Its root has a high content of volatile oil (BSVO), which shows a variety of biological activities. Currently, BSVO in the injectable form is used for treating fever in humans and livestock. The yield and quality of volatile oils depends on the developmental stages of plants. However, the changes in BSVO yield and quality during root development in Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This knowledge gap is limiting the improvement in the quality of BSVO. In the present study, B. scorzonerifolium root was collected at germinative, vegetative, florescence, fruiting and defoliating stages. The yield of BSVO, metabolic profile of volatile components and transcriptome of root samples at various developmental stages were comprehensively determined and compared. BSVO continuously accumulated from the germinative to fruiting stages, and its level slightly decreased from the fruiting to defoliating stages. A total of 82 volatile components were detected from B. scorzonerifolium root, of which 22 volatiles were identified as differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) during the root development. Of these volatiles, fatty acids and their derivatives accounted for the largest proportion. The contents of most major volatiles were highest at the fruiting stage. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected during B. scorzonerifolium root development, of which 65 DEGs encoded various enzymes and transcription factors regulating the biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives. In further analysis, 42 DEGs were identified to be significantly correlated with DAMs, and these DEGs may be the key genes for the biosynthesis of volatiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively report the changes in the composition and content of volatiles and underlying mechanism during B. scorzonerifolium root development. This study provided important reference for future studies to determine the harvest time of B. scorzonerifolium roots and improve the quality of BSVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Yu X, Miao Z, Zhang L, Zhu L, Sheng H. Extraction, purification, structure characteristics, biological activities and pharmaceutical application of Bupleuri Radix Polysaccharide: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124146. [PMID: 36965565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Bupleuri Radix (BR), as a well-known plant medicine of relieving exterior syndrome, has a long history of usage in China. Bupleuri Radix Polysaccharide (BRP), as the main component and an important bioactive substance of BR, has a variety of pharmacological activities, including immunoregulation, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-diabetic and anti-aging, etc. In this review, the advancements on extraction, purification, structure characteristics, biological activities and pharmaceutical application of BRP from different sources (Bupleurum chinense DC., Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., Bupleurum falcatum L. and Bupleurum smithii Woiff. var. Parvifolium Shan et Y. Li.) are summarized. Meanwhile, this review makes an in-depth discussion on the shortcomings of the research on BRP, and new valuable insights for the future researches of BRP are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Huagang Sheng
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Effect of MeJA Treatment on the Biosynthesis of Saikosaponins in Bupleurum chinense DC. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020563. [PMID: 36836920 PMCID: PMC9960380 DOI: 10.3390/life13020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant that produces saikosaponins (SSs), which possess hepatoprotective, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a signalling phytohormone that can increase the accumulation of SSs in the root of Bupleurum plants. However, the molecular understanding of MeJA-mediated SS biosynthesis is not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the response of B. chinense DC. to MeJA in roots. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of B. chinense DC. roots with different MeJA treatment times. In total, 104,057 unigenes were identified, of which 4053 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most of the DEGs were downregulated after MeJA treatment, and GO enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly related to biological processes involved in stress responses and development. A total of 88 DEGs encoding enzymes known to be involved in the SS synthesis pathway were found, and most were significantly downregulated within 24 h. Based on the DEGs, 99 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the AP2/ERF, WRKY, bZIP, ZFP, and bHLH families with different expression patterns were also identified. Further integrated analysis indicated that 20 DEGs involved in the SS synthesis pathway and 12 DEGs encoding TFs presented strong correlations with the SS contents, and these DEGs may be critical for the biosynthesis and regulation of SSs. These findings will be critical for further study of the response of B. chinense DC. to MeJA for SS biosynthesis.
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Shang J, Wang J, Yan P, Yan C, Li J, Li J, Yong X, Wang Q, Xiong X, Xu H. Integrative strategy for quality control of Radix Bupleuri based on non-targeted metabolomic profiling and molecular networking. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:961-974. [PMID: 36602568 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Quality control of Radix Bupleuri (RB) can be challenging due to the complexity of origin, the similar morphological characteristics, and the diversity of the multiple components. In this study, an integrated strategy for extensive identification of metabolites in plants based on multiple data processing methods was proposed to distinguish four commercially available RB species. First, the pre-processed mass spectrometry data was uploaded to Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) for spectral library search and molecular network analysis, which can effectively differentiate isomers and reduce molecular redundancy. Second, the possible cleavage mode was summarized from the characteristic MS/MS fragment ions of saikoside standard, and then the possible structure of saikoside in the sample was deduced according to the cleavage patterns. Third, collected all kinds of RB components reported in the literature and matched the information in the samples to obtain more comprehensive information about metabolites. Finally, chemical markers were found employing chemometrics. This strategy not only increases the variety and number of identified components, but also improves the accuracy of the data. Based on this strategy, a total of 132 components were identified from different species of RB, and 14 chemical constituents were considered to be potential chemical markers to distinguish four kinds of RB. Among them, saikogenin a, hydroxy-saikosaponin a, hydroxy-saikosaponin d, and rutinum were of great significance for identification. The method proposed in this study not only successfully identified and distinguished four species of RB, but also laid a good theoretical foundation for regulating the RB market. This strategy provides promising perspectives in the accurate analysis of the ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Mieres-Castro D, Mora-Poblete F. Saponins: Research Progress and Their Potential Role in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020348. [PMID: 36839670 PMCID: PMC9964560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the new global situation and the limited therapeutic management of the disease make it necessary to take urgent measures in more effective therapies and drug development in order to counteract the negative global impacts caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new infectious variants. In this context, plant-derived saponins-glycoside-type compounds constituted from a triterpene or steroidal aglycone and one or more sugar residues-may offer fewer side effects and promising beneficial pharmacological activities. This can then be used for the development of potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19, either as a therapy or as a complement to conventional pharmacological strategies for the treatment of the disease and its prevention. The main objective of this review was to examine the primary and current evidence in regard to the therapeutic potential of plant-derived saponins against the COVID-19 disease. Further, the aim was to also focus on those studies that highlight the potential use of saponins as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Saponins are antiviral agents that inhibit different pharmacological targets of the virus, as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activity in relieving symptoms and clinical complications related to the disease. In addition, saponins also possess immunostimulatory effects, which improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines for prolonging immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 and its infectious variants.
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Peng D, Chen Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Cui N, Zhang W, Qi Y, Zeng Y, Hu B, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Saikosaponin A and Its Epimers Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030967. [PMID: 36770631 PMCID: PMC9919285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to illustrate the effect of processing with vinegar on saikosaponins of Bupleurum chinense DC. (BC) and the protective effects of saikosaponin A (SSA), saikosaponin b1 (SSb1), saikosaponin b2 (SSb2), and saikosaponin D (SSD) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice. We comprehensively evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of SSA, SSb1, SSb2, and SSD through an LPS-induced ALI model using intratracheal injection. The results showed that SSA, SSb1, SSb2, and SSD significantly decreased pulmonary edema; reduced the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in serum and lung tissues; alleviated pulmonary pathological damage; and decreased the levels of the IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes and the expression of NF-κB/TLR4-related proteins. Interestingly, they were similar in structure, but SSb2 had a better anti-inflammatory effect at the same dose, according to a principal component analysis. These findings indicated that it may not have been comprehensive to only use SSA and SSD as indicators to evaluate the quality of BC, especially as the contents of SSb1 and SSb2 in vinegar-processed BC were significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuchan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Na Cui
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wensen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanning Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Ganzhou 341004, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (H.K.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (H.K.)
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Lee B, Park S, Kwon HJ, Hwang GS, Kim M. Integrative treatment program for the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A prospective observational case series. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1017005. [PMID: 36686506 PMCID: PMC9846134 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a situation where conventional treatments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are labor-intensive and there are concerns about the side effects of conventional medications, a 6-month integrative treatment program, including herbal medicine (HM), Floortime, and sensory enrichment therapy (SET) has been used on children with ASD in Korean medicine clinical settings. Methods We observed the treatment responses of 18 children with ASD (66.7% male, mean age 3.9 ± 0.9 years) to the integrative treatment program as part of a prospective, single-center, observational case series. Individualized HMs were administered according to the patient's symptoms, and parents were instructed to perform Floortime and SET with their children at home for 2 h and 20 min a day, 5 days a week, respectively. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were used to evaluate the core symptoms of ASD. A linear mixed model for repeated measures was used for analyzing the effect of the program over time, and logistic regression used to explore the predictors of treatment response. Results The CARS and ABC scores were significantly improved from 34.58 ± 6.27 and 69.28 ± 15.73 at baseline to 28.56 ± 6.05 and 39.67 ± 20.36 after 6 months (p < 0.0001, respectively). No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported, and compliance with HM, Floortime, and SET was high at >90%. Conclusion This 6-month integrative treatment program appears to be a potentially effective, safe, and feasible option for children with ASD. Low baseline CARS scores may be predictors of higher treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Serin Park
- Floortime Center Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Moonju Kim
- I-Tomato Korean Medicine Clinic, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Moonju Kim
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Wan H, Zhou L, Wu B, Han W, Sui C, Wei J. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of roots of Bupleurum chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, two sources of medicinal Chaihu. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22335. [PMID: 36572795 PMCID: PMC9792521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu in Chinese) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat colds and fevers. The root metabolome and transcriptome of two cultivars of B. chinense (BCYC and BCZC) and one of B. scorzonerifolium (BSHC) were determined and analyzed. Compared with BSHC, 135 and 194 differential metabolites were identified in BCYC and BCZC, respectively, which were mainly fatty acyls, organooxygen metabolites. A total of 163 differential metabolites were obtained between BCYC and BCZC, including phenolic acids and lipids. Compared with BSHC, 6557 and 5621 differential expression genes (DEGs) were found in BCYC and BSHC, respectively, which were annotated into biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and fatty acid metabolism. A total of 4,880 DEGs existed between the two cultivars of B. chinense. The abundance of flavonoids in B. scorzonerifolium was higher than that of B. chinense, with the latter having higher saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D than the former. Pinobanksin was the most major flavonoid which differ between the two cultivars of B. chinense. The expression of chalcone synthase gene was dramatically differential, which had a positive correlation with the biosynthesis of pinobanksin. The present study laid a foundation for further research on biosynthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids of Bupleurum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefang Wan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bin Wu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wenjing Han
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Chun Sui
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials), Beijing, 100193 China
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Chemotherapeutic Potential of Saikosaponin D: Experimental Evidence. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:378-405. [PMID: 36547471 PMCID: PMC9782205 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin D (SSD), an active compound derived from the traditional plant Radix bupleuri, showcases potential in disease management owing to its antioxidant, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The toxicological effects of SSD mainly include hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hemolysis, and cardiotoxicity. SSD exhibits antitumor effects on multiple targets and has been witnessed in diverse cancer types by articulating various cell signaling pathways. As a result, carcinogenic processes such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis are inhibited, whereas apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation are induced in several cancer cells. Since it reduces side effects and strengthens anti-cancerous benefits, SSD has been shown to have an additive or synergistic impact with chemo-preventive medicines. Regardless of its efficacy and benefits, the considerations of SSD in cancer prevention are absolutely under-researched due to its penurious bioavailability. Diverse studies have overcome the impediments of inadequate bioavailability using nanotechnology-based methods such as nanoparticle encapsulation, liposomes, and several other formulations. In this review, we emphasize the association of SSD in cancer therapeutics and the discussion of the mechanisms of action with the significance of experimental evidence.
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Zhao Q, Bai J, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhao S, Ling G, Jia S, Zhai F, Xiang R. An optimized herbal combination for the treatment of liver fibrosis: Hub genes, bioactive ingredients, and molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115567. [PMID: 35870684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is associated with long-term adverse outcomes and mortality. As a primary resource for complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated a large number of effective formulas for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. However, studies on how to systematically optimize TCM formulas are still lacking. AIM OF THE REVIEW To provide a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae against liver fibrosis and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms; To provide an efficient method for searching for lead compounds from natural sources and developing from herbal medicines; To enable clinicians and patients to make more reasonable choices and promote the effective treatment toward those patients with liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCM formulas related to treating liver fibrosis were collected from the Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP). Furthermore, the TCM compatibility patterns were mined using association analysis. The core TCM combinations were found by designing an optimized formulas algorithm. Finally, the hub target proteins, potential molecular mechanisms, and active compounds were explored through integrative pharmacology and docking-based inverse virtual screening (IVS) approaches. RESULTS We found that the herbs for reinforcing deficiency, activating blood, removing blood stasis, and clearing heat were the basis of TCM formulae patterns. Furthermore, the combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; Chinese salvia/Danshen), Astragali Radix (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge; Astragalus/Huangqi), and Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.; Bupleurum/Chaihu) was identified as core groups. A total of six targets (TNF, STAT3, EGFR, IL2, ICAM1, PTGS2) play a pivotal role in TCM-mediated liver fibrosis inhibition. (-)-Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinaldehyde, Ononin, Thymol, Daidzein, and Formononetin were identified as active compounds in TCM. And mechanistically, TCM could affect the development of liver fibrosis by regulating inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, antioxidants, and involvement in TNF, MicroRNAs, Jak-STAT, NF-kappa B, and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that key components had good potential to bind to the target genes. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provides a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae and exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jinwei Bai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shangfeng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Guixia Ling
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shubing Jia
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Fei Zhai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Liaoning Professional Technology Innovation Center on Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu L, Wu Y, Hu Q, Zhao R. Vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri enhances the liver-targeting effect of rhein on liver injury rats by regulating transporters. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1588-1597. [PMID: 36181768 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether the liver-targeting enhancing effect of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB) on rhein was achieved by affecting transporters, metabolism enzymes as well as hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α/4α (HNF1α/HNF4α) in liver injury. METHODS The effect of VBRB on the efficacy of rhein was performed with the LPS-induced acute liver injury rat model. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined and histopathological examination was taken. Drug concentrations in tissues were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein expressions of drug transporters, metabolic enzymes and hepatic nuclear factors were determined by Western blotting and ELISA assays. KEY FINDING VBRB improved the liver protecting effect of rhein, which was consistent with its promoting effect on targeted enrichment of rhein in the liver. VBRB or in combination with rhein inhibited P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multi-resistance related protein 2 (MRP2), while increased organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2), which might be the reason why VBRB promoted liver-targeting effect of rhein. CONCLUSION VBRB enhances the liver-protecting effect of rhein by down-regulating Pgp, MRP2, and up-regulating OATP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Liu L, Cao H, Geng Y, Zhang Q, Bu X, Gao D. Response of soil microecology to different cropping practice under Bupleurum chinense cultivation. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:223. [PMID: 36138372 PMCID: PMC9494904 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cropping practices on the rhizosphere soil physical properties and microbial communities of Bupleurum chinense have not been studied in detail. The chemical properties and the microbiome of rhizosphere soil of B. chinense were assessed in the field trial with three cropping practices (continuous monocropping, Bupleurum-corn intercropping and Bupleurum-corn rotation). The results showed cropping practices changed the chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil and composition, structure and diversity of the rhizosphere microbial communities. Continuous monocropping of B. chinense not only decreased soil pH and the contents of NO3−-N and available K, but also decreased the alpha diversity of bacteria and beneficial microorganisms. However, Bupleurum-corn rotation improved soil chemical properties and reduced the abundance of harmful microorganisms. Soil chemical properties, especially the contents of NH4+-N, soil organic matter (SOM) and available K, were the key factors affecting the structure and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil. These findings could provide a new basis for overcoming problems associated with continuous cropping and promote development of B. chinense planting industry by improving soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hailu Cao
- Hengde Bencao (Beijing) Agricultural Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, 250100, China
| | - Yannan Geng
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Quanfang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xun Bu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Demin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Jinan, 250355, China.
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Mao Y, Chen H, Zhao J, Li Y, Feng L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wei P, Hou D. Molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression of the β-amyrin synthase gene involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis in Bupleurum chinense DC. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 32:284-295. [PMID: 36160316 PMCID: PMC9483273 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-022-00804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. is a commonly used plant in traditional Chinese medicine, and saikosaponins(SSs) are the main active oleanane-typetriterpene saponins in B. chinense. β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) is an important enzyme in oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin synthesis, but its role in saikosaponin synthesis has rarely been studied. Here, the putative β-AS gene BcBAS1(Accession No.ON890382) selected according to metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses was cloned and functionally characterized by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, and its subcellular localization and expression patterns were examined. The molecular weight of the BcBAS1 recombinant protein was approximately 87 kDa, and this protein could catalyse the production of β-amyrin, the precursor of SSs. Furthermore, BcBAS1 was located in the cytosol, and relative expression in four tissues of the four genotypes was positively correlated with SSa and SSd contents. Our results indicate that BcBAS1 is a β-AS gene and may play an important role in saikosaponin biosynthesis and regulation. This study sheds light on the role of β-AS genes in the synthesis of SSs and provides insights for the metabolic engineering of SSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Teachers’ College, 621000 Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yuchan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Dabin Hou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
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Zhao M, Xiao L, Linghu KG, Zhao G, Chen Q, Shen L, Dar P, Chen M, Hu Y, Zhang J, Yu H. Comprehensive comparison on the anti-inflammation and GC-MS-based metabolomics discrimination between Bupleuri chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1005011. [PMID: 36188603 PMCID: PMC9521629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bupleuri Radix (BR) is a traditional Chinese medicine and widely used for cold and fever, influenza, inflammation, hepatitis and menstrual diseases. Two authentic medicinal plants of Bupleuri chinense DC. (Beichaihu, BCH) and B. scorzonerifolium Willd. (Nanchiahu, NCH) are recommended by the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia for BR. In the present study, the comparative investigations on the anti-inflammatory effects and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics for the species discrimination of BCH and NCH were conducted and reported. The in vitro evaluations indicated that the supercritical fluid extracts (SFEs) (IC50 of 6.39 ± 0.52 and 1.32 ± 0.05 mg (herb)/mL for BCH and NCH) were determined to be more potent than those of the hydro-distillation extracts (HDEs) (IC50 of 203.90 ± 8.08 and 32.32 ± 2.27 mg (herb)/mL for BCH and NCH) against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. The higher anti-inflammatory effects of NCH were associated to its different chemical compositions to the BCH as characterized by the GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, based on the metabolomics and deep chemometric approaches, a minimum combination containing 15 chemical markers was optimized from the identified components and successfully applied for the species discrimination of BCH and NCH. This study not only helps to comparative understand BCH and NCH both in phytochemistry and pharmacology, but also provides the potential chemical markers for improvement of methods for the quality control of BCH and NCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Linxuan Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ke-Gang Linghu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guanding Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qiling Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Liyu Shen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Parsa Dar
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinming Zhang, ; Hua Yu,
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Jinming Zhang, ; Hua Yu,
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Drought Stress Stimulates the Terpenoid Backbone and Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Pathway to Promote the Synthesis of Saikosaponin in Bupleurum chinense DC. Roots. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175470. [PMID: 36080237 PMCID: PMC9457724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense is an important medicinal plant in China; however, little is known regarding how this plant transcribes and synthesizes saikosaponins under drought stress. Herein, we investigated how drought stress stimulates the transcriptional changes of B. chinense to synthesize saikosaponins. Short-term drought stress induced the accumulation of saikosaponins, especially from the first re-watering stage (RD_1 stage) to the second re-watering stage (RD_2 stage). Saikosaponin-a and saikosaponin-d increased by 84.60% and 75.13%, respectively, from the RD_1 stage to the RD_2 stage. Drought stress also stimulated a rapid increase in the levels of the hormones abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. We screened 49 Unigenes regarding the terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis, of which 33 differential genes were significantly up-regulated during drought stress. Moreover, one P450 and two UGTs are possibly involved in the synthesis of saikosaponins, while some transcription factors may be involved in regulating the expression of key enzyme genes. Our study provides a reference for the cultivation of B. chinense and a practical means to ensure the quality (safety and effectiveness) of B. chinense for medicinal use, as well as insights into the modernization of the China Agriculture Research System.
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Quantitative Analysis and Differential Evaluation of Radix Bupleuri Cultivated in Different Regions Based on HPLC-MS and GC-MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154830. [PMID: 35956782 PMCID: PMC9369679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of Radix Bupleuri is greatly affected by its growing environment. In this study, Radix Bupleuri samples that were harvested from seven different regions across northwest China were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to reveal significant differences in quality contributed by the cultivation region. An HPLC-MS method was firstly established and used in the multiple reaction monitoring mode for the quantitative analysis of five saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri so as to evaluate the difference in the absolute content of saikosaponins attributable to the cultivation region. The effect on the components of Radix Bupleuri was further investigated based on the profiles of the representative saponins and volatile compounds, which were extracted from the Radix Bupleuri samples and analyzed by HPLC-MS and GC-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to differentiate the Radix Bupleuri samples cultivated in different regions and to discover the differential compositions. The developed quantitative method was validated to be accurate, stable, sensitive, and repeatable for the determination of five saikosaponins. Further statistical tests revealed that the collected Radix Bupleuri samples were distinctly different from each other in terms of both saponins and volatile compounds, based on the provinces where they were grown. In addition, twenty-eight saponins and fifty-eight volatile compounds were identified as the differentially accumulated compositions that contributed to the discrimination of the Radix Bupleuri samples. The Radix Bupleuri samples grown in Shouyang county showed the highest content of saikosaponins. All of the results indicated that the cultivation region significantly affected the accumulation and diversity of the main chemical components of Radix Bupleuri. The findings of this research provide insights into the effect of the cultivation region on the quality of Radix Bupleuri and the differentiation of Radix Bupleuri cultivated in different regions based on the use of HPLC-MS and GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis.
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Herbal Granules of Heat-Clearing and Detoxifying for Children with Mild Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6818406. [PMID: 35677377 PMCID: PMC9168089 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6818406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Regarding ethical considerations of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children, limited evidence for mild hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is available. Recently, with the increasing but result-conflicting RCTs published around herbal granules of heat-clearing and detoxifying (HGs-HD), a head-to-head comparison is urgently needed to choose a suitable therapy for clinical practice. Materials and Methods This study was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) extension statement for network meta-analysis (NMA). Eight databases (Medline, Embase, and so on) and two trial registry platforms (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov and https://www.chictr.org.cn) were searched from inception to May 26, 2021. The NMA was performed using a random-effect model. The treatment hierarchy was summarized and reported as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values. The rankings of each HGs-HD at primary outcomes were estimated by the inverse probability weighting (IPW) approach and averaged, which presents the comprehensive improvement effect. Results Forty-five RCTs involving 18 interventions were included that studied 5,652 children with mild HFMD. The best performance probability for improving symptoms were respectively presented in terms of fever (Xiao'er Resuqing granules, XRGs, 94.9%), rash (Xiao'er Jinqiao granules, 83.9%), hospitalization (Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre granules, XCQGs, 92.7%), vesicles (Jinlianhua granules, 91.0%), appetite (Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre granules, XCQGs, 86.7%), and ulcers (Kouyanqing granules, KouGs, 88.8%). Furthermore, the top 5 rankings for comprehensive improvement effect were Yanning granules (YNGs, 2.256), XCQGs (2.858), XRGs (3.270), KouGs (7.223), and Houerhuan Xiaoyan granules (HXGs, 7.597). Conclusions This is the first NMA of HGs-HD head-to-head comparisons for children with mild HFMD. Of those, YNGs, XCQGs, XRGs, KouGs, and HXGs could be recommended as potential choices for clinical practice. Of course, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited high-quality RCTs.
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Zhang DY, Liang J, Zhang Y, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Effects of various processed methods on chemical constituents and anti-hepatitis activity of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. by metabonomics and molecular docking. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 218:114837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shi S, Chang M, Liu H, Ding S, Yan Z, Si K, Gong T. The Structural Characteristics of an Acidic Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Bupleurum chinense DC and Its In Vivo Anti-Tumor Activity on H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061119. [PMID: 35335457 PMCID: PMC8952506 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the preliminary structural characteristics and in vivo anti-tumor activity of an acidic water-soluble polysaccharide (BCP) separated purified from Bupleurum chinense DC root. The preliminary structural characterization of BCP was established using UV, HPGPC, FT-IR, IC, NMR, SEM, and Congo red. The results showed BCP as an acidic polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 2.01 × 103 kDa. Furthermore, we showed that BCP consists of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid (with a molar ratio of 0.063:0.788:0.841:1:0.196) in both α- and β-type configurations. Using the H22 tumor-bearing mouse model, we assessed the anti-tumor activity of BCP in vivo. The results revealed the inhibitory effects of BCP on H22 tumor growth and the protective actions against tissue damage of thymus and spleen in mice. In addition, the JC-1 FITC-AnnexinV/PI staining and cell cycle analysis have collectively shown that BCP is sufficient to induce apoptosis and of H22 hepatocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of BCP on tumor growth was likely attributable to the S phase arrest. Overall, our study presented significant anti-liver cancer profiles of BCP and its promising therapeutic potential as a safe and effective anti-tumor natural agent.
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A Network Pharmacology Study on the Active Components and Targets of the Radix Ginseng and Radix Bupleuri Herb Pair for Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1638740. [PMID: 35178098 PMCID: PMC8846978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1638740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential active components and corresponding target herb pairs of Radix Ginseng (Renshen) and Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. METHODS The active components and potential targets of the herb pair of Renshen and Chaihu were screened through a network database system, and Venn analysis was performed with the obtained NAFLD targets. The intersecting targets were analysed for gene ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathways, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated. Cytoscape software was used to construct active component-target networks of the Renshen and Chaihu herb pair. Free fatty acids were added to the HepG2 cell line to create high-fat models that were treated with different concentrations of stigmasterol. The effect of stigmasterol on the lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells and PPARγ-knockdown cells was determined by oil red O staining, Nile red staining, and TG level. PPARγ and UCP-1 mRNA, and protein expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. RESULTS Twenty active components obtained from the Renshen and Chaihu herb pair were identified. The herb pair active component-target network showed that both Renshen and Chaihu contained stigmasterol and kaempferol as active components. The PPI network comprised 63 protein nodes. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in lipid metabolism. Eight core targets were identified: AKT1, PPARG, MAPK3, TNF, TP53, SIRT1, STAT3, and PPARA. In vitro experiments demonstrated that stigmasterol reduced lipid accumulation and TG levels in HepG2 cells, and the mechanism may have been related to the activation of the PPARγ-UCP-1 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily illustrated the potential components and corresponding core targets of the Renshen and Chaihu herb pair in treating NAFLD. The effect of stigmasterol on the PPARγ-UCP-1 signalling pathway in enhancing lipid metabolism may represent one of the mechanisms of the Renshen and Chaihu herb pair in the treatment of NAFLD. The results provide new evidence and research insights to reveal the roles of Renshen and Chaihu in the management of NAFLD.
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Qu X, Hu S, Li T, Zhang J, Wang B, Liu C. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Differences Between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933849. [PMID: 35909726 PMCID: PMC9328751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. are two varieties of Bupleuri Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020. The clinical efficacy of the two bupleurum species is different. The difference in clinical efficacy is closely related to the composition of plant metabolites. In order to analyze the difference in metabolites, we used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for untargeted metabolome and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for widely targeted metabolome to detect the roots (R), stems (S), leaves (L), and flowers (F) of two varieties, and detected 1,818 metabolites in 25 classes. We performed a statistical analysis of metabolites. Differential metabolites were screened by fold-change and variable importance in the projection values of the OPLS-DA model, and significant differences were found among different groups. The content of active components (triterpenoid saponins) was found to be high in the BcR group than in the BsR group. Other pharmacological metabolites were significantly different. By Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and enrichment analysis, we found that differential metabolites of the aboveground parts mainly concentrated in monoterpenoid biosynthesis, while the differential metabolites of the root mainly concentrated in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Differences in metabolic networks may indirectly affect the metabolic profile of Bc and Bs, leading to differences in clinical efficacy. Our study provides a scientific basis for subsequent biosynthesis pathway and related bioactivity research, and provides a reference for developing non-medicinal parts and guiding the clinical application of Bupleuri Radix.
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Dai M, Li S, Shi Q, Xiang X, Jin Y, Wei S, Zhang L, Yang M, Song C, Huang R, Jin S. Changes in Triterpenes in Alismatis rhizoma after Processing Based on Targeted Metabolomics Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010185. [PMID: 35011422 PMCID: PMC8747029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alismatis rhizoma (AR) has been used as an herbal medicine in China for over a thousand years. Crude AR, salt-processed AR (SAR), and bran-processed AR (BAR) are recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However, the differences of chemical composition between crude AR and its processing products remain limited. In this study, triterpenes were identified from crude AR, SAR, and BAR by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Subsequently, the differences of triterpenes between the crude AR and processed ARs were compared via a targeted metabolomics approach. Finally, a total of 114 triterpenes were identified, of which 83, 100, and 103 triterpenes were found in crude AR, SAR, and BAR, respectively. After salt-processing, there were 17 triterpenes newly generated, 7 triterpenes with trends of increasing, and 37 triterpenes decreased. Meanwhile, 56 triterpenes including 21 newly generated and 35 with significant increases were observed in BAR. This study could be benefit to investigate the processing mechanism of AR, as well as support their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (M.D.); (Q.S.); (X.X.); (Y.J.); (C.S.)
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (M.D.); (Q.S.); (X.X.); (Y.J.); (C.S.)
| | - Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (M.D.); (Q.S.); (X.X.); (Y.J.); (C.S.)
| | - Yuehui Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (M.D.); (Q.S.); (X.X.); (Y.J.); (C.S.)
| | - Sha Wei
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Min Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (M.D.); (Q.S.); (X.X.); (Y.J.); (C.S.)
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (M.D.); (Q.S.); (X.X.); (Y.J.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (S.J.)
| | - Shuna Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan 430065, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (S.J.)
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Ri MH, Ma J, Jin X. Development of natural products for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy against cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114370. [PMID: 34214644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy, but several challenges remain in current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Natural products, mainly derived from traditional medicine, could improve and expand anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy because of their advantages such as large diversity and multi-target effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarize natural products, raw extracts, and traditional medicines with pharmacological effects associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, particularly PD-L1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and online drugs and chemicals databases, including DrugBank, ZINC, PubChem, STITCH, and CTD, were searched without date limitation by February 2021. 'Natural product or herb or herbal plant or traditional medicine' and 'PD-L1' and 'Cancer immunotherapy' were used as the search keywords. Among 112 articles identified in database searching, 54 articles are full text articles, reporting in silico, in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. 68 articles included are review articles and grey literature such as thesis and congress abstracts. RESULTS Several natural products and traditional medicines have exhibited diverse and multi-functional effects including direct blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, modulation of PD-L1 expression, and cooperation with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Natural products and traditional medicines can facilitate the development of more effective and acceptable diverse strategies for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, but further exploration of natural products and pharmaceutical techniques is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Hak Ri
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Faculty of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Huang C, Li ZX, Wu Y, Huang ZY, Hu Y, Gao J. Treatment and bioresources utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal herb residues: Recent technological advances and industrial prospect. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113607. [PMID: 34467864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has wide application and important functions in curing many diseases, but a great number of herb residues are usually generated after its manufacture and usage. Without proper and timely treatment, these traditional Chinese medicinal herb (TCMH) residues will cause some environmental pollution. In addition to treatment, bioresources utilization of TCMH residues is also important for its great potential as a suitable feedstock for the production of energy, materials, and chemicals. In this situation, advanced and well-designed solid waste management is important to make the TCM industry environmentally friendly and economically attractive. In this review article, the recent progress focusing on various methods for TCMH residues treatment and bioresources utilization are introduced in detail. In particular, the technologies for thermochemical conversion and biochemical conversion of TCMH residues are mainly focused on in order to show how to fulfill effective and efficient bioresources utilization. Besides, some other technologies which are suitable for the treatment and bioresources utilization of TCMH residues are presented as well. Finally, some industrial prospects are given from the economic, operational, and environmental aspects for the further development of treatment and bioresources utilization of TCMH residues. Overall, this work can provide some systematical and comprehensive information for the development of technologies that help sustainably manage the herb residues generated in the TCM industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Xuan Li
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ying Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou P, Shi W, He XY, Du QY, Wang F, Guo J. Saikosaponin D: review on the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1480-1489. [PMID: 34714209 PMCID: PMC8567945 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bupleuri Radix, the dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd (Apiaceae), is an important medicinal herb widely used to treat cancers for hundreds of years in Asian countries. As the most antitumour component but also the main toxic component in Bupleuri Radix, saikosaponin D (SSD) has attracted extensive attention. However, no summary studies have been reported on the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of this potential natural anticancer substance. OBJECTIVE To analyse and summarise the existing findings regarding to the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of SSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected relevant information published before April 2021 by conducting a search of literature available in various online databases including PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang database and the Chinese Biological Medicine Database. Bupleurum, Bupleuri Radix, saikosaponin, saikosaponin D, tumour, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics were used as the keywords. RESULTS The antitumour effects of SSD were multi-targeted and can be realised through various mechanisms, including inhibition of proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as induction of cell apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation. The toxicological effects of SSD mainly included hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, haemolysis and cardiotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that SSD had the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of some drugs for its influence on CYPs and P-gp, and the oral bioavailability and actual pharmacodynamic substances in vivo of SSD are still controversial. CONCLUSIONS SSD is a potentially effective and relatively safe natural antitumour substance, but more research is needed, especially in vivo antitumour effects and pharmacokinetics of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Yu Du
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- CONTACT Fei Wang Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Jing Guo Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, P.R. China
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UV-guided isolation of enantiomeric polyacetylenes from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. with inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO release in BV-2 microglial cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105521. [PMID: 34871788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UV-guided fractionation led to the isolation of thirteen new polyacetylenes (1-13) from the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. All polyacetylenes were analyzed as racemates since the lack of optical activity and Cotton effects in the ECD spectra. The sequent chiral-phase HPLC resolution successfully gave twelve pairs of enantiomers 1a/1b and 3a/3b-13a/13b. Their structures were elucidated based on the HRESIMS and NMR data analyses. The absolute configurations were determined by the combination of Snatzke's method, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Using Griess methods and MTT assays, polyacetylenes 1a, 3a, 4a/4b-12a/12b, and 13a displayed inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO release in BV-2 microglial cells.
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50
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He Y, Chen H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Yang B, Feng L, Zhang Y, Wei P, Hou D, Zhao J, Yu M. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis to reveal major genes of saikosaponin biosynthesis in Bupleurum chinense. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:839. [PMID: 34798822 PMCID: PMC8603497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupleurum chinense DC. is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Saikosaponins are the major bioactive constituents of B. chinense, but relatively little is known about saikosaponin biosynthesis. In the present study, we performed an integrated analysis of metabolic composition and the expressed genes involved in saikosaponin biosynthetic pathways among four organs (the root, flower, stem, and leaf) of B. chinense to discover the genes related to the saikosaponin biosynthetic pathway. RESULTS Transcript and metabolite profiles were generated through high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Evaluation of saikosaponin contents and transcriptional changes showed 152 strong correlations (P < 0.05) over 3 compounds and 77 unigenes. These unigenes belonged to eight gene families: the acetoacetyl CoA transferase (AACT) (6), HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS) (2), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) (2), mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD) (1), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) (3), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) (11), β-amyrin synthase (β-AS) (13) and cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) (39) families. CONCLUSIONS Our results investigated the diversity of the saikosaponin triterpene biosynthetic pathway in the roots, stems, leaves and flowers of B. chinese by integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, implying that manipulation of P450s genes such as Bc95697 and Bc35434 might improve saikosaponin biosynthesis. This is a good candidate for the genetic improvement of this important medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian He
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Resources, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, 51 4th Section S. Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dabin Hou
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ma Yu
- School of life science and engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China. .,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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