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Yang S, Zhao Y, Cao S, Liu X, Feng M, Chen Y, Ma C, Zhan T, Zhang Q, Jia H, Zhao Y, Tong M, Yu Y, Liu X, Yang B, Zhang Y. Kanglexin counters vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation and associated arteriosclerosis through inhibiting PDGFR. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155704. [PMID: 38759316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function leads to a variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis and hyperplasia after injury. However, antiproliferative drug targeting VSMC exhibits poor specificity. Therefore, there is an urgent to develop highly specific antiproliferative drugs to prevention and treatment VSMC dedifferentiation associated arteriosclerosis. Kanglexin (KLX), a new anthraquinone compound designed by our team, has potential to regulate VSMC phenotype according to the physicochemical properties. PURPOSE This project aims to evaluate the therapeutic role of KLX in VSMC dedifferentiation and atherosclerosis, neointimal formation and illustrates the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS In vivo, the ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for a duration of 13 weeks to establish the atherosclerotic model. And rat carotid artery injury model was performed to establish the neointimal formation model. In vitro, PDGF-BB was used to induce VSMC dedifferentiation. RESULTS We found that KLX ameliorated the atherosclerotic progression including atherosclerotic lesion formation, lipid deposition and collagen deposition in aorta and aortic sinus in atherosclerotic mouse model. In addition, The administration of KLX effectively ameliorated neointimal formation in the carotid artery following balloon injury in SD rats. The findings derived from molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments unequivocally demonstrate that KLX had potential to bind PDGFR-β. Mechanism research work proved that KLX prevented VSMC proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation via activating the PDGFR-β-MEK -ERK-ELK-1/KLF4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Collectively, we demonstrated that KLX effectively attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and carotid arterial neointimal formation in SD rats by inhibiting VSMC phenotypic conversion via PDGFR-β-MEK-ERK-ELK-1/KLF4 signaling. KLX exhibits promising potential as a viable therapeutic agent for the treatment of VSMC phenotype conversion associated arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yixiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shifeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Min Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chunyue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tingting Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Honglin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Labratoray -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Wang Y, Li L, Chen L, Xia J, Wang T, Han L, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W, Jiang S. The Influence of Emodin Succinyl Ethyl Ester on Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by a Diet High in Fructose, Cholesterol, and Fat in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:978-987. [PMID: 38631865 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis and evidence of hepatocyte injury (ballooning) and inflammation, with or without liver fibrosis. In this study, after 12 weeks of induction, the mice were treated with emodin succinyl ethyl ester (ESEE) for four weeks at doses of 10/30/90 mg/kg/d. The blood analysis of experimental endpoints showed that ESEE exhibited significant therapeutic effects on the progression of disorders of glycolipid metabolism and the induced liver injury in the model animals. Histopathological diagnosis of the liver and total triglyceride measurements revealed that ESEE had a significant therapeutic effect on the histopathological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/hepatitis, such as cellular steatosis and activation of intrahepatic inflammation. Additionally, ESEE was able to improve hepatocyte fat deposition, steatosis, and the course of intrahepatic inflammatory activity. Furthermore, it showed some inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis in the model animals. In summary, this study confirms the therapeutic effects of ESEE on the NAFLD/NASH model in C57BL/6J mice induced by a high-fat, high cholesterol, and fructose diet. These effects were observed through improvements in liver function, inhibition of fibrosis, and inflammatory responses. Changes in blood glucose levels, blood lipid metabolism, liver histopathological staining, liver fibrosis staining, and related pathological scores further supported the therapeutic effects of ESEE. Therefore, this study has important implications for the exploration of novel drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Jinlei Xia
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tongli Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Lei Han
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Jin Q, Zhang C, Chen R, Jiang L, Li H, Wu P, Li L. Quinic acid regulated TMA/TMAO-related lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function through gut microbiota to inhibit atherosclerotic. J Transl Med 2024; 22:352. [PMID: 38622667 PMCID: PMC11017595 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinic acid (QA) and its derivatives have good lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective functions, but their role in atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study attempted to investigate the mechanism of QA on atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice induced by HFD. METHODS HE staining and oil red O staining were used to observe the pathology. The PCSK9, Mac-3 and SM22a expressions were detected by IHC. Cholesterol, HMGB1, TIMP-1 and CXCL13 levels were measured by biochemical and ELISA. Lipid metabolism and the HMGB1-SREBP2-SR-BI pathway were detected by PCR and WB. 16 S and metabolomics were used to detect gut microbiota and serum metabolites. RESULTS QA or low-frequency ABX inhibited weight gain and aortic tissue atherogenesis in HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA inhibited the increase of cholesterol, TMA, TMAO, CXCL13, TIMP-1 and HMGB1 levels in peripheral blood of Apoe-/- mice induced by HFD. Meanwhile, QA or low-frequency ABX treatment inhibited the expression of CAV-1, ABCA1, Mac-3 and SM22α, and promoted the expression of SREBP-1 and LXR in the vascular tissues of HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA reduced Streptococcus_danieliae abundance, and promoted Lactobacillus_intestinalis and Ileibacterium_valens abundance in HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA altered serum galactose metabolism, promoted SREBP-2 and LDLR, inhibited IDOL, FMO3 and PCSK9 expression in liver of HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. The combined treatment of QA and low-frequency ABX regulated microbe-related Glycoursodeoxycholic acid and GLYCOCHENODEOXYCHOLATE metabolism in HFD-induced Apoe-/- mice. QA inhibited TMAO or LDL-induced HCAECs damage and HMGB1/SREBP2 axis dysfunction, which was reversed by HMGB1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS QA regulated the gut-liver lipid metabolism and chronic vascular inflammation of TMA/TMAO through gut microbiota to inhibit the atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice, and the mechanism may be related to the HMGB1/SREBP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Chiyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Pengcui Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Changsha central Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
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Weerawatanakorn M, Kamchonemenukool S, Koh YC, Pan MH. Exploring Phytochemical Mechanisms in the Prevention of Cholesterol Dysregulation: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6833-6849. [PMID: 38517334 PMCID: PMC11018292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence in Fats and Oils, Naresuan
University Science Park, 99 M 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Kamchonemenukool
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
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Zhang F, Ju J, Diao H, Song J, Bian Y, Yang B. Innovative pharmacotherapy for hepatic metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases in China. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38514420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease constitutes a significant global health concern, particularly in China where it has distinctive characteristics. China grapples with a staggering 300 million cases, predominantly due to hepatitis B and metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, hepatocellular carcinoma has become a prevalent which is a lethal type of cancer. Despite the scarcity of innovative treatment options, Chinese hepatologists and researchers have achieved notable breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of liver diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have found widespread application in the treatment of various liver ailments owing to their commendable pharmacological efficacy and minimal side effects. Furthermore, there is a growing body of research in extracellular vesicles, cell therapy and gene therapy, offering new hope in the fight against liver diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics of liver diseases and the diverse array of treatments that Chinese scholars and scientists have pursued in critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaming Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinglun Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Lin B, Wan H, Yang J, Yu L, Zhou H, Wan H. Lipid regulation of protocatechualdehyde and hydroxysafflor yellow A via AMPK/SREBP2/PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway in hyperlipidemic zebrafish. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24908. [PMID: 38333845 PMCID: PMC10850903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a high-cholesterol diet is known to cause hyperlipidemia, which is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) are the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, respectively. However, their exact mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate its effects on lipid deposition and liver damage in hyperlipidemic zebrafish and its mechanism of anti-hyperlipidemia. The results showed that the use of PCA and HSYA alone and in combination can improve lipid deposition, slow behavior, abnormal blood flow and liver tissue damage, and the combined use is more effective. Further RT-qPCR results showed that PCA + HSYA can regulate the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ, SREBP2, SREBP1, HMGCR, PCSK9, mTOR, C/EBPα, LDLR, AMPK, HNF-1α and FoxO3a. The PCA + HSYA significantly improves lipid deposition and abnormal liver function in hyperlipidemic zebrafish larvae, which may be related to the AMPK/SREBP2/PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2020E10012), Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2020E10012), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2020E10012), Hangzhou, China
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Zhang LH, Wang J, Tan BH, Yin YB, Kang YM. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating the Grin3a/AMPK Signal Axis in Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3617-3629. [PMID: 38028990 PMCID: PMC10644885 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to explore the effects and related mechanisms of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on insulin sensitivity in obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The obese T2DM rat model was constructed by feeding a high-fat diet and injecting streptozotocin (STZ), and treated with RYGB. Grin3a shRNA was injected into the bilateral hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) to knockdown the Grin3a expression on T2DM rats. Eight weeks after operation, the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were assessed. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining was adopted to observe the white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of Grin3a, adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p-AMPK in ARC of rats. Later, the plasmid over-expressing or knocking down Grin3a was transfected into differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the TG level and the formation of lipid droplets in adipocyte were assessed by TG kit and oil red O staining. The expression of lipogenic transcription factors in cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Results RYGB reduced FBG, FSI, HOMA-IR and plasma TG levels in T2DM rats while increasing Grin3a expression and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in ARC. Knockdown of Grin3a not only reversed the decrease of FBG, FSI, HOMA-IR and plasma TG levels in T2DM rats induced by RYGB, but also reversed the up-regulation of p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in ARC affected by RYGB. Moreover, knocking down Grin3a significantly increased the TG level, promoted the formation of lipid droplets and up-regulated the expressions of lipogenic transcription factors in adipocytes. Conclusion RYGB improved the insulin sensitivity, reduced the plasma TG level and lessens the fat accumulation in obese T2DM rats by regulating the Grin3a/AMPK signal in ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hai Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Six Wards of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Six Wards of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Six Wards of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bin Yin
- Six Wards of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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Lu F, Li E, Yang X. The association between circulatory, local pancreatic PCSK9 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The effects of antidiabetic drugs on PCSK9. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19371. [PMID: 37809924 PMCID: PMC10558357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a potent modulator of cholesterol metabolism and plays a crucial role in the normal functioning of pancreatic islets and the progression of diabetes. Islet autocrine PCSK9 deficiency can lead to the enrichment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and excessive LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) uptake, subsequently impairing the insulin secretion in β-cells. Circulatory PCSK9 levels are primarily attributed to hepatocyte secretion. Notably, anti-PCSK9 strategies proposed for individuals with hypercholesterolemia chiefly target liver-derived PCSK9; however, these anti-PCSK9 strategies have been associated with the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). In the current review, we highlight a new direction in PCSK9 inhibition therapy strategies: screening candidates for anti-PCSK9 from the drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. We explored the association between circulating, local pancreatic PCSK9 and T2DM, as well as the relationship between PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies and NODM. We discussed the emergence of artificial and natural drugs in recent years, exhibiting dual benefits of antidiabetic activity and PCSK9 reduction, confirming that the diverse effects of these drugs may potentially impact the progression of diabetes and associated disorders, thereby introducing novel avenues and methodologies to enhance disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - En Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China
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Song R, Hu M, Qin X, Qiu L, Wang P, Zhang X, Liu R, Wang X. The Roles of Lipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Diseases in the Elderly. Nutrients 2023; 15:3433. [PMID: 37571370 PMCID: PMC10420821 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays crucial roles in cellular processes such as hormone synthesis, energy production, and fat storage. Older adults are at risk of the dysregulation of lipid metabolism, which is associated with progressive declines in the physiological function of various organs. With advancing age, digestion and absorption commonly change, thereby resulting in decreased nutrient uptake. However, in the elderly population, the accumulation of excess fat becomes more pronounced due to a decline in the body's capacity to utilize lipids effectively. This is characterized by enhanced adipocyte synthesis and reduced breakdown, along with diminished peripheral tissue utilization capacity. Excessive lipid accumulation in the body, which manifests as hyperlipidemia and accumulated visceral fat, is linked to several chronic lipid-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This review provides a summary of the altered lipid metabolism during aging, including lipid digestion, absorption, anabolism, and catabolism, as well as their associations with age-related chronic diseases, which aids in developing nutritional interventions for older adults to prevent or alleviate age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.S.); (M.H.); (X.Q.); (L.Q.)
| | - Mengxiao Hu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.S.); (M.H.); (X.Q.); (L.Q.)
| | - Xiyu Qin
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.S.); (M.H.); (X.Q.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lili Qiu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.S.); (M.H.); (X.Q.); (L.Q.)
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (X.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (X.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (X.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.S.); (M.H.); (X.Q.); (L.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (X.Z.); (R.L.)
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10
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Khandelwal M, Krishna G, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F. Liver acts as a metabolic gate for the traumatic brain injury pathology: Protective action of thyroid hormone. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166728. [PMID: 37137432 PMCID: PMC10601893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that injury to the brain elicits systemic metabolic disturbances that contributes to the brain pathology. Since dietary fructose is metabolized in the liver, we explored mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dietary fructose influence liver function and their possible repercussions to brain. Consumption of fructose contributed to the detrimental effects of TBI on liver operation, in terms of glucose and lipid metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, lipid peroxidation. Thyroid hormone (T4) is metabolized in the liver and found that T4 supply improved lipid metabolism by reducing de novo lipogenesis, lipid accumulation, lipogenic enzymes (ACC, AceCS1, FAS), lipid peroxidation in liver in response to fructose and fructose-TBI. T4 supply also helped to normalize glucose metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, T4 counteracted elevations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tnfα and Mcp-1 after TBI and/or fructose intake in liver and circulation. T4 also exerted an effect on isolated primary hepatocytes by potentiating phosphorylation of AMPKα and AKT substrate, AS160, leading to increased glucose uptake. In addition, T4 restored the metabolism of DHA in the liver disrupted by TBI and fructose, adding important information to optimize the action of DHA in therapeutics. The overall evidence seems to indicate that the liver works as a gate for the regulation of the effects of brain injury and foods on brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khandelwal
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gokul Krishna
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Zhu CW, Lü H, Du LL, Li J, Chen H, Zhao HF, Wu WL, Chen J, Li WL. Five blueberry anthocyanins and their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects in vitro. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1172982. [PMID: 37275633 PMCID: PMC10232738 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1172982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus is becoming an important worldwide public health issue. "Diabesity" is the term used to describe the combined detrimental health effects of both diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight. Currently, food-derived bioactive compounds are suggested to alleviate diabesity. Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, which are associated with contributing to preventing obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the accurate active compounds and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of blueberry anthocyanin on diabesity. In total, five anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-galactoside) were isolated from rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) cultivar "Garden blue." All these anthocyanins exhibited oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), scavenging power of ABTS+, and DPPH-free radical and inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in vitro. Moreover, some compounds improved glucose uptake and attenuated lipid accumulation in high glucose and oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. All these results suggest that blueberry anthocyanins have potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, which may benefit the treatment of diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wei Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lü
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan-Lan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Long Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Lin Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Xiao WC, Zhou G, Wan L, Tu J, Yu YJ, She ZG, Xu CL, Wang L. Carnosol inhibits cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting AMPK activation. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:37-46. [PMID: 36775042 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosol is a phytopolyphenol (diterpene) found and extracted from plants of Mediterranean diet, which has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its role in ischemic stroke has not been elucidated. METHODS Primary neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to investigate the effect of carnosol in vitro. A mouse MCAO model was used to evaluate the effect of carnosol on ischemic stroke in vivo. The mRNA level of inflammatory and apoptosis-related genes was determined by RT-PCR. The protein level of total and phosphorylated AMPK was determined by WB. H&E and Immunofluorescent assay was used to investigate the necrosis, inflammation and apoptosis in brain tissue. RESULTS Carnosol protected the activity of primary neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro, as well as inhibited inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, carnosol could significantly reduce the infarct and edema volume and protect against neurological deficit in vivo, and had a significant inhibitory effect on brain neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Mechanically, carnosol could activate AMPK, and the effect of carnosol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury cell model could be abolished by AMPK phosphorylation inhibitor. CONCLUSION Carnosol has a protective effect on ischemic stroke, and this effect is achieved through AMPK activation. Our study demonstrates the protective effect of carnosol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and provides a new perspective for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China; Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.
| | - Jun Tu
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
| | - Yong-Jie Yu
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chun-Lin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.
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13
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Wang X, Sun X, Abulizi A, Xu J, He Y, Chen Q, Yan R. Effects of salvianolic acid A on intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism disorders in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:135. [PMID: 36127704 PMCID: PMC9490915 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is the main water-soluble component isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. This study explored the influences of SalA on intestinal microbiota composition and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The 6-week-old male ZDF rats were treated with distilled water (N = 10) and low dose (SalA 0.5 mg/kg/d, N = 10), medium dose (SalA 1 mg/kg/d, N = 10), and high dose (SalA 2 mg/kg/d, N = 10) of SalA, with the male Zucker lean normoglycemic rats of the same week age as controls (given distilled water, N = 10). The blood glucose, body weight, and food intake of rats were examined. After 7 and 8 weeks of continuous administration, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed, respectively. Serum fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were determined. Liver tissues were stained using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Small intestinal tissues were stained using HE and immunohistochemistry. The tight junction proteins (ZO-1/Occludin/Claudin-1) and serum levels of LPS/TNF-α/IL-6 were evaluated. SalA reduced insulin resistance, liver injury, serum FFA, liver TC and TG levels in ZDF rats, and improved lipid metabolism. After SalA treatment, intestinal microbiota richness and diversity of ZDF rats were promoted. SalA retained the homeostasis of intestinal core microbiota. SalA reduced intestinal epithelial barrier damage, LPS, and inflammatory cytokines in ZDF rats. Overall, SalA can sustain intestinal microbiota balance and improve the lipid metabolism of ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Abulikemu Abulizi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ruicheng Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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14
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He H, Liu M, He R, Zhao W. Lipid-lowering activity of metformin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles. Food Funct 2022; 13:10265-10274. [PMID: 36125039 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean dregs are one of the most important albeit underutilized byproducts in soybean processing. In this study, soluble soybean polysaccharides with lipid-lowering activity were extracted from soybean dregs and used as a wall material for embedding metformin. Metformin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles (MET-SSPS-NPs) were prepared by electrostatic interaction. The lipid-lowering activity and possible mechanism of MET-SSPS-NPs were investigated. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cell-related protein proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in vitro. The results showed that MET-SSPS-NPs lowered the expression of PCSK9 and improved LDLR levels. A high-fat diet (HFD) animal model was established to study the lipid-lowering effect of MET-SSPS-NPs by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. MET-SSPS-NPs significantly upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and downregulated PCSK9, fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)7 and FABP5 expression more strongly than MET or SSPS alone. In conclusion, MET-SSPS-NPs can inhibit PCSK9 expression and improve the level of adipokines, providing a theoretical basis for the application of MET-SSPS-NPs in lipid lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic China. .,Health College, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 211168, People's Republic China
| | - Mengting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic China
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic China.
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15
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Liu T, Zhang N, Kong L, Chu S, Zhang T, Yan G, Ma D, Dai J, Ma Z. Paeoniflorin alleviates liver injury in hypercholesterolemic rats through the ROCK/AMPK pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968717. [PMID: 36081948 PMCID: PMC9445162 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is the main active component in Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and it has multiple effects. However, the precise mechanism of PF in hypercholesterolemia is unclear. In this study, rats were either fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 4 weeks to establish the hypercholesterolemic model or administered normal saline or PF (20 mg/kg/day). PF significantly reduced liver weight and the liver index. PF reduced hepatic lipid deposition and inflammation, improved serum lipid metabolism, and significantly inhibited serum and hepatic oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. PF treatment caused a marked decrease in the phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit (p-MYPT)-1, nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels, and an increase in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Thus, PF could alleviate liver injury in hypercholesterolemic rats, and the specific mechanism may be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and ROCK/AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lingya Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sijie Chu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Experimental Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guangdi Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Ma, ; Donglai Ma, ; Jun Dai,
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Ma, ; Donglai Ma, ; Jun Dai,
| | - Zhihong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Ma, ; Donglai Ma, ; Jun Dai,
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16
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Xiao X, Luo Y, Peng D. Updated Understanding of the Crosstalk Between Glucose/Insulin and Cholesterol Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879355. [PMID: 35571202 PMCID: PMC9098828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and cholesterol engage in almost all human physiological activities. As the primary energy substance, glucose can be assimilated and converted into diverse essential substances, including cholesterol. Cholesterol is mainly derived from de novo biosynthesis and the intestinal absorption of diets. It is evidenced that glucose/insulin promotes cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, which have been targeted by several drugs for lipid-lowering, e.g., bempedoic acid, statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Inversely, these lipid-lowering drugs may also interfere with glucose metabolism. This review would briefly summarize the mechanisms of glucose/insulin-stimulated cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, and discuss the effect and mechanisms of lipid-lowering drugs and genetic mutations on glucose homeostasis, aiming to help better understand the intricate relationship between glucose and cholesterol metabolism.
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17
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Li HM, Liu X, Meng ZY, Wang L, Zhao LM, Chen H, Wang ZX, Cui H, Tang XQ, Li XH, Han WN, Bai X, Lin Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yang BF. Kanglexin delays heart aging by promoting mitophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:613-623. [PMID: 34035486 PMCID: PMC8888756 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart aging is characterized by structural and diastolic dysfunction of the heart. However, there is still no effective drug to prevent and treat the abnormal changes in cardiac function caused by aging. Here, we present the preventive effects of emodin and its derivative Kanglexin (KLX) against heart aging. We found that the diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in mice with D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging were markedly mitigated by KLX and emodin. In addition, the senescence of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes induced by D-gal was also reversed by KLX and emodin treatment. However, KLX exhibited better anti-heart aging effects than emodin at the same dose. Dysregulated mitophagy was observed in aging hearts and in senescent neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes, and KLX produced a greater increase in mitophagy than emodin. The mitophagy-promoting effects of KLX and emodin were ascribed to their abilities to enhance the protein stability of Parkin, a key modulator in mitophagy, with different potencies. Molecular docking and SPR analysis demonstrated that KLX has a higher affinity for the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of Parkin than emodin. The UBL domain might contribute to the stabilizing effects of KLX on Parkin. In conclusion, this study identifies KLX and emodin as effective anti-heart aging drugs that activate Parkin-mediated mitophagy and outlines their putative therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-min Li
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Zi-yu Meng
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lei Wang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Li-min Zhao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Zhi-xia Wang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hao Cui
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xue-qing Tang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xiao-han Li
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Wei-na Han
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Xue Bai
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Yuan Lin
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Heng Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Bao-feng Yang
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China ,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086 China ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Entezari M, Hashemi D, Taheriazam A, Zabolian A, Mohammadi S, Fakhri F, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Ertas YN, Mirzaei S, Samarghandian S. AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112563. [PMID: 35062059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and developed countries, as lifestyle has changed and its management seems to be vital. Type I and type II diabetes are the main kinds and they result in hyperglycemia in patients and related complications. The gene expression alteration can lead to development of DM and related complications. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor with aberrant expression in various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and DM. The present review focuses on understanding AMPK role in DM. Inducing AMPK signaling promotes glucose in DM that is of importance for ameliorating hyperglycemia. Further investigation reveals the role of AMPK signaling in enhancing insulin sensitivity for treatment of diabetic patients. Furthermore, AMPK upregulation inhibits stress and cell death in β cells that is of importance for preventing type I diabetes development. The clinical studies on diabetic patients have shown the role of AMPK signaling in improving diabetic complications such as brain disorders. Furthermore, AMPK can improve neuropathy, nephropathy, liver diseases and reproductive alterations occurring during DM. For exerting such protective impacts, AMPK signaling interacts with other molecular pathways such as PGC-1α, PI3K/Akt, NOX4 and NF-κB among others. Therefore, providing therapeutics based on AMPK targeting can be beneficial for amelioration of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Hashemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Shima Mohammadi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Farima Fakhri
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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19
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Varghese R, George Priya Doss C, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. Cardioprotective effects of phytopigments via multiple signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153859. [PMID: 34856476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the deadliest non-communicable diseases, and millions of dollars are spent every year to combat CVDs. Unfortunately, the multifactorial etiology of CVDs complicates the development of efficient therapeutics. Interestingly, phytopigments show significant pleiotropic cardioprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. PURPOSE This review gives an overview of the cardioprotective effects of phytopigments based on in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials. METHODS A literature-based survey was performed to collect the available data on cardioprotective activities of phytopigments via electronic search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. RESULTS Different classes of phytopigments such as carotenoids, xanthophylls, flavonoids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones alleviate major CVDs (e.g., cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiotoxicities) via acting on signaling pathways related to AMPK, NF-κB, NRF2, PPARs, AKT, TLRs, MAPK, JAK/STAT, NLRP3, TNF-α, and RA. CONCLUSION Phytopigments represent promising candidates to develop novel and effective CVD therapeutics. More randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies are recommended to establish the clinical efficacy of phytopigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ressin Varghese
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Du H, Li C, Wang Z, He Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Wan H, Yang J. Effects of Danhong injection on dyslipidemia and cholesterol metabolism in high-fat diets fed rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114058. [PMID: 33766756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danhong injection (DHI) is a Chinese medical injection applied to the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases that has anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects. This study aimed to explore the effects of DHI on dyslipidemia and cholesterol metabolism in high-fat diet-fed rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group (Normal); hyperlipidemia model group (Model); DHI-treated groups at doses of 1.0 mL/kg, 2.0 mL/kg, 4.0 mL/kg; and simvastatin positive control group (2.0 mg/kg). The hypolipidemic effects of DHI were evaluated by measuring serum lipid levels, hepatic function and oxidative stress, respectively. And pathological changes in liver tissues were determined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and oil red O staining. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of cholesterol metabolism related genes were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the Model group, DHI treatment markedly decreased the liver index and improved the pathological morphology of liver tissues. DHI treatment dose-dependently decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), and free fatty acids (FFA) in serum or liver tissues (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and tripeptide glutathione (GSH) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were increased in the DHI-treated groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of LDL receptor (LDLR), cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were dose-dependently upregulated in the DHI-treated groups, whereas the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that DHI markedly ameliorated hyperlipidemia rats by regulating serum lipid levels, inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis, improving hepatic dysfunction, and reducing oxidative stress. The potential mechanism was also tentatively investigated and may be related to the promotion of bile acid synthesis via activation of the PPARα-LXRα-CYP7A1 pathway. Therefore, DHI could be regarded as a potential hypolipidemic drug for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Du
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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21
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Tombling BJ, Zhang Y, Huang YH, Craik DJ, Wang CK. The emerging landscape of peptide-based inhibitors of PCSK9. Atherosclerosis 2021; 330:52-60. [PMID: 34246818 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a clinically validated target for treating cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its involvement in cholesterol metabolism. Although approved monoclonal antibodies (alirocumab and evolocumab) that inhibit PCSK9 function are very effective in lowering cholesterol, their limitations, including high treatment costs, have so far prohibited widespread use. Accordingly, there is great interest in alternative drug modalities to antibodies. Like antibodies, peptides are valuable therapeutics due to their high target potency and specificity. Furthermore, being smaller than antibodies means they have access to more drug administration options, are less likely to induce adverse immunogenic responses, and are better suited to affordable production. This review surveys the current peptide-based landscape aimed towards PCSK9 inhibition, covering pre-clinical to patented drug candidates and comparing them to current cholesterol lowering therapeutics. Classes of peptides reported to be inhibitors include nature-inspired disulfide-rich peptides, combinatorially derived cyclic peptides, and peptidomimetics. Their functional activities have been validated in biophysical and cellular assays, and in some cases pre-clinical mouse models. Recent efforts report peptides with potent sub-nanomolar binding affinities to PCSK9, which highlights their potential to achieve antibody-like potency. Studies are beginning to address pharmacokinetic properties of PCSK9-targeting peptides in more detail. We conclude by highlighting opportunities to investigate their biological effects in pre-clinical models of cardiovascular disease. The anticipation concerning the PCSK9-targeting peptide landscape is accelerating and it seems likely that a peptide-based therapeutic for treating PCSK9-mediated hypercholesterolemia may be clinically available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Tombling
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
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22
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Luquero A, Badimon L, Borrell-Pages M. PCSK9 Functions in Atherosclerosis Are Not Limited to Plasmatic LDL-Cholesterol Regulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639727. [PMID: 33834043 PMCID: PMC8021767 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of PCSK9 in atherosclerosis progression is demonstrated by the benefits observed in patients that have followed PCSK9-targeted therapies. The impact of these therapies is attributed to the plasma lipid-lowering effect induced when LDLR hepatic expression levels are recovered after the suppression of soluble PCSK9. Different studies show that PCSK9 is involved in other mechanisms that take place at different stages during atherosclerosis development. Indeed, PCSK9 regulates the expression of key receptors expressed in macrophages that contribute to lipid-loading, foam cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. PCSK9 is also a regulator of vascular inflammation and its expression correlates with pro-inflammatory cytokines release, inflammatory cell recruitment and plaque destabilization. Furthermore, anti-PCSK9 approaches have demonstrated that by inhibiting PCSK9 activity, the progression of atherosclerotic disease is diminished. PCSK9 also modulates thrombosis by modifying platelets steady-state, leukocyte recruitment and clot formation. In this review we evaluate recent findings on PCSK9 functions in cardiovascular diseases beyond LDL-cholesterol plasma levels regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red- Área Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Liu X, Han W, An N, Cao N, Wu T, Yang S, Ding L, Chen X, Chen C, Aruhan, Zhang Y, Wang K, Suo L, Huang J, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Yang B. Kanglexin protects against cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice by TGF-β1/ERK1/2 noncanonical pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:572637. [PMID: 33519438 PMCID: PMC7840489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation accompanied by various heart diseases, and antifibrotic therapy is an effective strategy to prevent diverse pathological processes of the cardiovascular system. We currently report the pharmacological evaluation of a novel anthraquinone compound (1,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-oxy ethyl succinate) named Kanglexin (KLX), as a potent cardioprotective agent with antifibrosis activity. Our results demonstrated that the administration of KLX by intragastric gavage alleviated cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgical operation. Meanwhile, KLX administration relieved endothelial to mesenchymal transition of TAC mice. In TGF β1-treated primary cultured adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), KLX inhibited cell proliferation and collagen secretion. Also, KLX suppressed the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in CFs. Further studies revealed that KLX-mediated cardiac protection was due to the inhibitory role of TGF-β1/ERK1/2 noncanonical pathway. In summary, our study indicates that KLX attenuated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction of TAC mice, providing a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for heart pathological remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na An
- Science and Technology Park, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Cao
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Ding
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aruhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianhuan Suo
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiuxin Zhu
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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