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Jing X, Menghua L, Lihui Z, Qian W, Xueli W, Xuelong Z, Zhihui L, Guofu D, Changzhen W. Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces anxiety in mice via inflammation in the cerebral cortex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35161-35172. [PMID: 38724846 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Modern life is filled with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) in various frequency bands, while the health risks are not clear. In this study, mice were whole-body exposed to 0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz radiofrequency radiation at 4 W/kg for 2 h per day for 4 weeks to investigate the emotional effects. It was found that the mice showed anxiety but no severe depression. The ELISA results showed a significant decrease in amino acid neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT), although acetylcholine (ACH) levels were not significantly altered. Furthermore, Western blot results showed that BDNF, TrkB, and CREB levels were increased in the cerebral cortex, while NF-κB levels were decreased. In addition, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) were significantly elevated, and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) tended to decrease. In conclusion, multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces an inflammatory response through the CREB-BDNF-TrkB and NF-κB pathways in the cerebral cortex and causes a decrease in excitatory neurotransmitters, which ultimately causes anxiety in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Li Menghua
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhang Lihui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wang Xueli
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhao Xuelong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li Zhihui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dong Guofu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wang Changzhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Yang X, Geng F. Corticotropin-releasing factor signaling and its potential role in the prefrontal cortex-dependent regulation of anxiety. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1781-1794. [PMID: 37592912 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A large body of literature has highlighted the significance of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in the regulation of neuropsychiatric diseases. Anxiety disorders are among the most common neuropsychiatric disorders. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the CRF family mediates and regulates the development and maintenance of anxiety. Thus, the CRF family is considered to be a potential target for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a role in the occurrence and development of anxiety, and both CRF and CRF-R1 are widely expressed in the PFC. This paper begins by reviewing CRF-related signaling pathways and their different roles in anxiety and related processes. Then, the role of the CRF system in other neuropsychiatric diseases is reviewed and the potential role of PFC CRF signaling in the regulation of anxiety disorders is discussed. Although other signaling pathways are potentially involved in the process of anxiety, CRF in the PFC primarily modulates anxiety disorders through the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor type1 receptors (CRF-R1) and the excitation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Moreover, the main signaling pathways of CRF involved in sex differentiation in the PFC appear to be different. In summary, this review suggests that the CRF system in the PFC plays a critical role in the occurrence of anxiety. Thus, CRF signaling is of great significance as a potential target for the treatment of stress-related disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Simões AP, Gonçalves FQ, Rial D, Ferreira SG, Lopes JP, Canas PM, Cunha RA. CD73-Mediated Formation of Extracellular Adenosine Is Responsible for Adenosine A 2A Receptor-Mediated Control of Fear Memory and Amygdala Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12826. [PMID: 36361618 PMCID: PMC9653840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) control fear memory and the underlying processes of synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. In other brain regions, A2AR activation is ensured by ATP-derived extracellular adenosine formed by ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73. We now tested whether CD73 is also responsible to provide for the activation of A2AR in controlling fear memory and amygdala long-term potentiation (LTP). The bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of the CD73 inhibitor αβ-methylene ADP (AOPCP, 1 nmol/ventricle/day) phenocopied the effect of the A2AR blockade by decreasing the expression of fear memory, an effect disappearing in CD73-knockout (KO) mice and in forebrain neuronal A2AR-KO mice. In the presence of PPADS (20 μM) to eliminate any modification of ATP/ADP-mediated P2 receptor effects, both AOPCP (100 μM) and the A2AR antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM), decreased LTP magnitude in synapses of projection from the external capsula into the lateral amygdala, an effect eliminated in slices from both forebrain neuronal A2AR-KO mice and CD73-KO mice. These data indicate a key role of CD73 in the process of A2AR-mediated control of fear memory and underlying synaptic plasticity processes in the amygdala, paving the way to envisage CD73 as a new therapeutic target to interfere with abnormal fear-like emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q. Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G. Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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A Pattern to Link Adenosine Signaling, Circadian System, and Potential Final Common Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6713-6723. [PMID: 35999325 PMCID: PMC9525429 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported separate roles of adenosine receptors and circadian clockwork in major depressive disorder. While less evidence exists for regulation of the circadian clock by adenosine signaling, a small number of studies have linked the adenosinergic system, the molecular circadian clock, and mood regulation. In this article, we review relevant advances and propose that adenosine receptor signaling, including canonical and other alternative downstream cellular pathways, regulates circadian gene expression, which in turn may underlie the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Moreover, we summarize the convergent point of these signaling pathways and put forward a pattern by which Homer1a expression, regulated by both cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and circadian clock genes, may be the final common pathogenetic mechanism in depression.
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Ghafarimoghadam M, Mashayekh R, Gholami M, Fereydani P, Shelley-Tremblay J, Kandezi N, Sabouri E, Motaghinejad M. A review of behavioral methods for the evaluation of cognitive performance in animal models: Current techniques and links to human cognition. Physiol Behav 2022; 244:113652. [PMID: 34801559 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Memory is defined as the ability to store, maintain and retrieve information. Learning is the acquisition of information that changes behavior and memory. Stress, dementia, head trauma, amnesia, Alzheimer's, Huntington, Parkinson's, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) may be mentioned among the diseases in which memory and learning are affected. The task of understanding deficits in memory and learning in humans is daunting due to the complexity of neural and cognitive mechanisms in the nervous system. This job is made more difficult for clinicians and researchers by the fact that many techniques used to research memory are not ethically acceptable or technically feasible for use in humans. Thus, animal models have been necessary alternative for studying normal and disordered learning and memory. This review attempts to bridge these domains to allow biomedical researchers to have a firm grasp of "memory" and "learning" as constructs in humans whereby they may then select the proper animal cognitive test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Various tests (open field habituation test, Y-maze test, passive avoidance test, step-down inhibitory avoidance test, active avoidance test, 8-arms radial maze test, Morris water maze test, radial arm water maze, novel object recognition test and gait function test) have been designed to evaluate different kinds of memory. Each of these tests has their strengths and limits. Abnormal results obtained using these tasks in non-human animals indicate malfunctions in memory which may be due to several physiological and psychological diseases of nervous system. Further studies by using the discussed tests can be very beneficial for achieving a therapeutic answer to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafarimoghadam
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, faculty of pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Mashayekh
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, faculty of pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Fereydani
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, faculty of pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niyoosha Kandezi
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Alabama, USA
| | - Erfan Sabouri
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fujita S, Yoshida S, Matsuki T, Jaiswal MK, Seki K. The α1-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala regulate the induction of learned despair through protein kinase C-beta signaling. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:73-85. [PMID: 33164996 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of amygdala is observed in patients with major depressive disorder. Although the role of α1-adrenoceptor in amygdala on fear memory has been well studied, the role of α1-adrenoceptor in amygdala on depression-like behaviors remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of α1A-adrenoreceptor in amygdala on despair behavior, evaluated by the immobility time during tail suspension test (TST), pharmacological intervention, and immunohistological methods. C57BL6/J mice given a bilateral intra-amygdala injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid exhibited an increased duration of immobility in the latter half of both trials of TST with a 24-h interval, a phenomenon known as learned despair. Intra-amygdala injection of WB4101 (1.7 nmol/0.1 µl), an α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, but not propranolol (250 pmol/0.1 µl), a β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, blocked the induction of learned despair during TST. Immunostaining experiments revealed that ~61-75% of α1A-adrenoreceptor-positive neurons were colocalized with GAD65/67 in amygdala, implying that the α1-adrenoceptors in amygdala may enormously regulate the GABA release. Protein kinase C-beta (PKCβ) was predominantly expressed in the α1A-adrenoreceptor-positive neurons in the BLA, whereas protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCε) was highly expressed with the α1A-adrenoreceptor in the Central nucleus of amygdala. Intra-amygdala injection of ruboxistaurin (10 pmol/0.1 µl), a PKCβ inhibitor, blocked the induction of learned despair during TST, whereas neither TAT-εV1-2 (500 ng/0.1 μl), a cell-permeant PKCε inhibitory peptide, nor HBDDE (50 pmol/0.1 µl), an inhibitor of PKCα and -γ, affected the duration of immobility during TST. These data suggest that the α1-adrenoreceptor in amygdala regulates the induction of learned despair via PKCβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisui Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima
| | - Tohru Matsuki
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenjiro Seki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima
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Spiking activity in the human hippocampus prior to encoding predicts subsequent memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13767-13770. [PMID: 32482860 PMCID: PMC7306990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001338117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Encoding activity in the medial temporal lobe, presumably evoked by the presentation of stimuli (postonset activity), is known to predict subsequent memory. However, several independent lines of research suggest that preonset activity also affects subsequent memory. We investigated the role of preonset and postonset single-unit and multiunit activity recorded from epilepsy patients as they completed a continuous recognition task. In this task, words were presented in a continuous series and eventually began to repeat. For each word, the patient's task was to decide whether it was novel or repeated. We found that preonset spiking activity in the hippocampus (when the word was novel) predicted subsequent memory (when the word was later repeated). Postonset activity during encoding also predicted subsequent memory, but was simply a continuation of preonset activity. The predictive effect of preonset spiking activity was much stronger in the hippocampus than in three other brain regions (amygdala, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex). In addition, preonset and postonset activity around the encoding of novel words did not predict memory performance for novel words (i.e., correctly classifying the word as novel), and preonset and postonset activity around the time of retrieval did not predict memory performance for repeated words (i.e., correctly classifying the word as repeated). Thus, the only predictive effect was between preonset activity (along with its postonset continuation) at the time of encoding and subsequent memory. Taken together, these findings indicate that preonset hippocampal activity does not reflect general arousal/attention but instead reflects what we term "attention to encoding."
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Tabor J, Wright DK, Christensen J, Zamani A, Collins R, Shultz SR, Mychasiuk R. Examining the Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (RmTBI) Outcomes in Adolescent Rats. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050258. [PMID: 32354109 PMCID: PMC7288073 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI) is increasingly common in adolescents. Anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) consumption among younger professional athletes is a significant risk factor for impaired neurodevelopment. Given the increased rates and overlapping symptomology of RmTBI and AAS use, we sought to investigate the behavioural and neuropathological outcomes associated with the AAS Metandienone (Met) and RmTBI on rats. Methods: Rats received either Met or placebo and were then administered RmTBIs or sham injuries, followed by a behavioural test battery. Post-mortem MRI was conducted to examine markers of brain integrity and qRT-PCR assessed mRNA expression of markers for neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, stress responses, and repair processes. Results: Although AAS and RmTBI did not produce cumulative deficits, AAS use was associated with detrimental outcomes including changes to depression, aggression, and memory; prefrontal cortex (PFC) atrophy and amygdala (AMYG) enlargement; damaged white matter integrity in the corpus callosum; and altered mRNA expression in the PFC and AMYG. RmTBI affected general activity and contributed to PFC atrophy. Conclusions: Findings corroborate previous results indicating that RmTBI negatively impacts neurodevelopment but also demonstrates that AAS results in significant neuropathological insult to the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tabor
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.T.); (J.C.); (R.C.)
| | - David. K. Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (D.K.W.); (A.Z.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Jennaya Christensen
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.T.); (J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (D.K.W.); (A.Z.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (D.K.W.); (A.Z.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Reid Collins
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.T.); (J.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (D.K.W.); (A.Z.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (J.T.); (J.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia; (D.K.W.); (A.Z.); (S.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9903-0897
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Manners MT, Brynildsen JK, Schechter M, Liu X, Eacret D, Blendy JA. CREB deletion increases resilience to stress and downregulates inflammatory gene expression in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:388-398. [PMID: 31255680 PMCID: PMC6754757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor CREB (cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein) is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Structural and functional studies in both animals and humans suggest that abnormalities of the hippocampus may play a role in depression. CREB regulates thousands of genes, yet to date, only a handful that mediate depression or antidepressant response have been identified as relevant CREB targets. In order to comprehensively identify genes regulated by CREB in the hippocampus, we employed translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) to detect actively translating mRNAs in wild type and CREB-deficient mice. Using CrebloxP/loxP; RosaLSL-GFP-L10a mice, we conducted whole genome sequencing to identify transcripts only in cells that lack CREB, as introduction of Cre-recombinase simultaneously deleted CREB and expressed GFP-tagged L10a ribosomes that enabled TRAP. We identified over 200 downregulated genes predominantly associated with inflammation and the immune system, including toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1). To determine if baseline disruption in gene expression in the hippocampus of CREB-deficient mice can modulate behavior, we used unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to produce a set of behavioral alterations with strong validity for depression. We found that CREB-deficient mice demonstrated resilience to the physiological effects of UCMS and also showed changes in affective behaviors specifically in the presence of stress. TLR1 expression was increased following UCMS in control but not in CREB-deficient mice. The results suggest that CREB-mediated regulation of immune system and inflammatory factors may provide additional targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T. Manners
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia K. Brynildsen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max Schechter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Biological Basis of Behavior, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darrell Eacret
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.,
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Gryglewski G, Baldinger-Melich P, Seiger R, Godbersen GM, Michenthaler P, Klöbl M, Spurny B, Kautzky A, Vanicek T, Kasper S, Frey R, Lanzenberger R. Structural changes in amygdala nuclei, hippocampal subfields and cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: longitudinal analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 214:159-167. [PMID: 30442205 PMCID: PMC6383756 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe mental illness including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Increases in volume of the hippocampus and amygdala following ECT have consistently been reported.AimsTo investigate neuroplastic changes after ECT in specific hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov - NCT02379767). METHOD MRI scans were carried out in 14 patients (11 women, 46.9 years (s.d. = 8.1)) with unipolar TRD twice before and once after a series of right unilateral ECT in a pre-post study design. Volumes of subcortical structures, including subfields of the hippocampus and amygdala, and cortical thickness were extracted using FreeSurfer. The effect of ECT was tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. Correlations of imaging and clinical parameters were explored. RESULTS Increases in volume of the right hippocampus by 139.4 mm3 (s.d. = 34.9), right amygdala by 82.3 mm3 (s.d. = 43.9) and right putamen by 73.9 mm3 (s.d. = 77.0) were observed. These changes were localised in the basal and lateral nuclei, and the corticoamygdaloid transition area of the amygdala, the hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area and the granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Cortical thickness increased in the temporal, parietal and insular cortices of the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS Following ECT structural changes were observed in hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei that are specifically implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and stress-related disorders and retain a high potential for neuroplasticity in adulthood.Declaration of interestS.K. has received grants/research support, consulting fees and/or honoraria within the past 3 years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, AstraZeneca, Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A/S, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Schwabe and Servier. R.L. received travel grants and/or conference speaker honoraria from Shire, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck A/S, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH, Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, and Roche Austria GmbH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Gryglewski
- Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger-Melich
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - René Seiger
- Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul Michenthaler
- Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Klöbl
- Research Assistant, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Spurny
- Research Assistant, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Frey
- Vice Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Associate Professor and Head of the Neuroimaging Labs, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Professor Rupert Lanzenberger, Neuroimaging labs (NIL) – PET, MRI, EEG, TMS & Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Villas Boas GR, Boerngen de Lacerda R, Paes MM, Gubert P, Almeida WLDC, Rescia VC, de Carvalho PMG, de Carvalho AAV, Oesterreich SA. Molecular aspects of depression: A review from neurobiology to treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:99-121. [PMID: 30776369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as unipolar depression, is one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide. The signs and symptoms are low self‑esteem, anhedonia, feeling of worthlessness, sense of rejection and guilt, suicidal thoughts, among others. This review focuses on studies with molecular-based approaches involving MDD to obtain an integrated, more detailed and comprehensive view of the brain changes produced by this disorder and its treatment and how the Central Nervous System (CNS) produces neuroplasticity to orchestrate adaptive defensive behaviors. This article integrates affective neuroscience, psychopharmacology, neuroanatomy and molecular biology data. In addition, there are two problems with current MDD treatments, namely: 1) Low rates of responsiveness to antidepressants and too slow onset of therapeutic effect; 2) Increased stress vulnerability and autonomy, which reduces the responses of currently available treatments. In the present review, we encourage the prospection of new bioactive agents for the development of treatments with post-transduction mechanisms, neurogenesis and pharmacogenetics inducers that bring greater benefits, with reduced risks and maximized access to patients, stimulating the field of research on mood disorders in order to use the potential of preclinical studies. For this purpose, improved animal models that incorporate the molecular and anatomical tools currently available can be applied. Besides, we encourage the study of drugs that do not present "classical application" as antidepressants, (e.g., the dissociative anesthetic ketamine and dextromethorphan) and drugs that have dual action mechanisms since they represent potential targets for novel drug development more useful for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Roberto Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Roseli Boerngen de Lacerda
- Department of Pharmacology of the Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Caixa. postal 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Luis da Cruz Almeida
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina Rescia
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Pablinny Moreira Galdino de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Adryano Augustto Valladao de Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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12
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Aten S, Page CE, Kalidindi A, Wheaton K, Niraula A, Godbout JP, Hoyt KR, Obrietan K. miR-132/212 is induced by stress and its dysregulation triggers anxiety-related behavior. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:256-270. [PMID: 30342060 PMCID: PMC6823933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
miR-132 and miR-212 are structurally-related microRNAs that are expressed from the same non-coding transcript. Accumulating evidence has shown that the dysregulation of these microRNAs contributes to aberrant neuronal plasticity and gene expression in the mammalian brain. Consistent with this, altered expression of miR-132 is associated with a number of affect-related psychiatric disorders. Here, we tested the functional contribution of the miR-132/212 locus to the development of stress-related and anxiety-like behaviors. Initially, we tested whether expression from the miR-132/212 locus is altered by stress-inducing paradigms. Using a 5-h acute-stress model, we show that both miR-132 and miR-212 are increased more than two-fold in the WT murine hippocampus and amygdala, whereas after a 15 day chronic-stress paradigm, expression of both miR-132 and miR-212 are upregulated more than two-fold within the amygdala but not in the hippocampus. Next, we used a tetracycline-inducible miR-132 overexpression mouse model and a miR-132/212 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model to examine whether dysregulation of miR-132/212 expression alters basal anxiety-like behaviors. Interestingly, in both the miR-132 overexpression and cKO lines, significant increases in anxiety-like behaviors were detected. Importantly, suppression of transgenic miR-132 expression (via doxycycline administration) mitigated the anxiety-related behaviors. Further, expression of Sirt1 and Pten-two miR-132 target genes that have been implicated in the regulation of anxiety-were differentially regulated in the hippocampus and amygdala of miR-132/212 conditional knockout and miR-132 transgenic mice. Collectively, these data raise the prospect that miR-132 and miR-212 may play a key role in the modulation of stress responsivity and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Aten
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chloe E Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anisha Kalidindi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelin Wheaton
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anzela Niraula
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jon P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kari R Hoyt
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Xiao X, Zhang C, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Wang L, Li L, Zhou D, Yuan TF, Wang C, Chang H, Wu Y, Li Y, Wu DD, Yao YG, Li M. The cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB)-1 gene increases risk of major psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1957-1967. [PMID: 29158582 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) are primary psychiatric disorders sharing substantial genetic risk factors. We previously reported that two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2709370 and rs6785 in the cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB)-1 gene (CREB1) were associated with the risk of BPD and abnormal hippocampal function in populations of European ancestry. In the present study, we further expanded our analyses of rs2709370 and rs6785 in multiple BPD, SCZ and MDD data sets, including the published Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) genome-wide association study, the samples used in our previous CREB1 study, and six additional cohorts (three new BPD samples, two new SCZ samples and one new MDD sample). Although the associations of both CREB1 SNPs with each illness were not replicated in the new cohorts (BPD analysis in 871 cases and 1089 controls (rs2709370, P=0.0611; rs6785, P=0.0544); SCZ analysis in 1273 cases and 1072 controls (rs2709370, P=0.230; rs6785, P=0.661); and MDD analysis in 129 cases and 100 controls (rs2709370, P=0.114; rs6785, P=0.188)), an overall meta-analysis of all included samples suggested that both SNPs were significantly associated with increased risk of BPD (11 105 cases and 51 331 controls; rs2709370, P=2.33 × 10-4; rs6785, P=6.33 × 10-5), SCZ (34 913 cases and 44 528 controls; rs2709370, P=3.96 × 10-5; rs6785, P=2.44 × 10-5) and MDD (9369 cases and 9619 controls; rs2709370, P=0.0144; rs6785, P=0.0314), with the same direction of allelic effects across diagnostic categories. We then examined the impact of diagnostic status on CREB1 mRNA expression using data obtained from independent brain tissue samples, and observed that the mRNA expression of CREB1 was significantly downregulated in psychiatric patients compared with healthy controls. The protein-protein interaction analyses showed that the protein encoded by CREB1 directly interacted with several risk genes of psychiatric disorders identified by GWAS. In conclusion, the current study suggests that CREB1 might be a common risk gene for major psychiatric disorders, and further investigations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - C Zhang
- Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - M Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - D Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - T-F Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - H Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - Y Li
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - D-D Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Y-G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - M Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Abstract
Memories for events are thought to be represented in sparse, distributed neuronal ensembles (or engrams). In this article, we review how neurons are chosen to become part of a particular engram, via a process of neuronal allocation. Experiments in rodents indicate that eligible neurons compete for allocation to a given engram, with more excitable neurons winning this competition. Moreover, fluctuations in neuronal excitability determine how engrams interact, promoting either memory integration (via coallocation to overlapping engrams) or separation (via disallocation to nonoverlapping engrams). In parallel with rodent studies, recent findings in humans verify the importance of this memory integration process for linking memories that occur close in time or share related content. A deeper understanding of allocation promises to provide insights into the logic underlying how knowledge is normally organized in the brain and the disorders in which this process has gone awry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena A Josselyn
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; ,
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Brain, Mind & Consciousness Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; ,
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
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15
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Li X, Li X. The Antidepressant Effect of Light Therapy from Retinal Projections. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:359-368. [PMID: 29430586 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Observations from clinical trials have frequently demonstrated that light therapy can be an effective therapy for seasonal and non-seasonal major depression. Despite the fact that light therapy is known to have several advantages over antidepressant drugs like a low cost, minimal side-effects, and fast onset of therapeutic effect, the mechanism underlying light therapy remains unclear. So far, it is known that light therapy modulates mood states and cognitive functions, involving circadian and non-circadian pathways from retinas into brain. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic effect of light on major depression and its relationship to direct retinal projections in the brain. We finally emphasize the function of the retino-raphe projection in modulating serotonin activity, which probably underlies the antidepressant effect of light therapy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute for Collaborative Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. .,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Xiang Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute for Collaborative Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Hansen RT, Zhang HT. The Past, Present, and Future of Phosphodiesterase-4 Modulation for Age-Induced Memory Loss. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:169-199. [PMID: 28956333 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the state of progress for phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) modulation as a potential therapeutic for psychiatric illness, and to draw attention to particular hurdles and obstacles that must be overcome in future studies to develop PDE4-mediated therapeutics. Pathological and non-pathological related memory loss will be the focus of the chapter; however, we will at times also touch upon other psychiatric illnesses like anxiety and depression. First, we will provide a brief background of PDE4, and the rationale for its extensive study in cognition. Second, we will explore fundamental differences in individual PDE4 subtypes, and then begin to address differences between pathological and non-pathological aging. Alterations of cAMP/PDE4 signaling that occur within normal vs. pathological aging, and the potential for PDE4 modulation to combat these alterations within each context will be described. Finally, we will finish the chapter with obstacles that have hindered the field, and future studies and alternative viewpoints that need to be addressed. Overall, we hope this chapter will demonstrate the incredible complexity of PDE4 signaling in the brain, and will be useful in forming a strategy to develop future PDE4-mediated therapeutics for psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf T Hansen
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9137, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016, China.
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Rafa-Zabłocka K, Kreiner G, Bagińska M, Kuśmierczyk J, Parlato R, Nalepa I. Transgenic mice lacking CREB and CREM in noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons respond differently to common antidepressants on tail suspension test. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13515. [PMID: 29044198 PMCID: PMC5647346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence exists that chronic antidepressant therapy enhances CREB levels and activity. Nevertheless, the data are not conclusive, as previous analysis of transgenic mouse models has suggested that CREB inactivation in fact contributes to antidepressant-like behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CREB in this context by exploiting novel transgenic mouse models, characterized by selective ablation of CREB restricted to noradrenergic (Creb1DBHCre/Crem−/−) or serotonergic (Creb1TPH2CreERT2/Crem−/−) neurons in a CREM-deficient background to avoid possible compensatory effects of CREM. Selective and functional ablation of CREB affected antidepressant-like behavior in a tail suspension test (TST) after antidepressant treatment. Contrary to single Creb1DBHCre mutants, Creb1DBHCre/Crem−/− mice did not respond to acute desipramine administration (20 mg/kg) on the TST. On the other hand, single Creb1TPH2CreERT2 mutants displayed reduced responses to fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) on the TST, while the effects in Creb1TPH2CreERT2/Crem−/− mice differed by gender. Our results provide further evidence for the important role of CREM as a compensatory factor. Additionally, the results indicate that new models based on the functional ablation of CREB in select neuronal populations may represent a valuable tool for investigating the role of CREB in the mechanism of antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rafa-Zabłocka
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland.
| | - Monika Bagińska
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland
| | - Justyna Kuśmierczyk
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland
| | - Rosanna Parlato
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Smetna 12, Poland
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Wu ZH, Zhang QJ, Du CX, Xi Y, Li WJ, Guo FY, Yu SQ, Yang YX, Liu J. Prelimbic α1-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of depressive-like behaviors in the hemiparkinsonian rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Ma J, Wang L, Yang Y, Qiao Z, Fang D, Qiu X, Yang X, Zhu X, He J, Pan H, Ban B, Zhao Y, Sui H. GNB3 and CREB1 gene polymorphisms combined with negative life events increase susceptibility to major depression in a Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170994. [PMID: 28225778 PMCID: PMC5321408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In this study we investigated the interaction of variations in the G-protein beta 3 subunit (GNB3) and cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) genes with negative life events in the pathogenesis of MD. One GNB3 polymorphism (rs5443) and four CREB1 polymorphisms (rs2253206, rs2551941, rs6740584, rs11904814) were investigated based on known associations with MD. METHODS 512 patients with MD and 513 control subjects were genotyped. The frequency and severity of negative life events were measured by the Life Events Scale (LES). Gene-environment interactions (G×E) were assessed using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method. RESULTS Differences in GNB3 rs5443 allele frequencies and genotype distributions were observed between MD patients and controls. Significant G×E interactions were detected between negative life events and genotypic variation of all five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Individuals carrying the T- allele of rs5443 (CC), A- allele of rs2253206 (GG), T- allele of rs2551941 (AA), C- allele of rs6740584 (TT) or G- allele of rs11904814 (TT) conferred susceptibility to MD in subjects only exposed to high-negative life events. However, individuals with the T+ allele of rs5443 (CT, TT) were susceptible to MD when exposed to low negative life events. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between GNB3, CREB1 and negative life events were revealed. Further evidence is provided about the role of the environment in genetic vulnerability to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Ma
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YJY); (ZXQ)
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YJY); (ZXQ)
| | - Deyu Fang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jincai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Peking union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ban
- Affiliated Hosptial of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hosptial of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Sui
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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20
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Ferulic acid prevents LPS-induced up-regulation of PDE4B and stimulates the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1543-1554. [PMID: 27665850 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) isozymes are involved in different functions, depending on their patterns of distribution in the brain. The PDE4 subtypes are distributed in different inflammatory cells, and appear to be important regulators of inflammatory processes. In this study we examined the effects of ferulic acid (FA), a plant component with strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced up-regulation of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) in PC12 cells, which in turn regulated cellular cAMP levels and the cAMP/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway in the cells. METHODS PC12 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 8 h, and the changes of F-actin were detected using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured suing ELISA kits, and PDE4B-specific enzymatic activity was assessed with a PDE4B assay kit. The mRNA levels of PDE4B were analyzed with Q-PCR, and the protein levels of CREB and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) were determined using immunoblotting. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to identify the interaction between PDE4B2 and FA. RESULTS Treatment of PC12 cells with LPS induced thick bundles of actin filaments appearing in the F-actin cytoskeleton, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with FA (10-40 μmol/L) or with a PDE4B inhibitor rolipram (30 μmol/L). Pretreatment with FA dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β in PC12 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with FA dose-dependently attenuated the LPS-induced up-regulation of PDE4 activity in PC12 cells. Moreover, pretreatment with FA decreased LPS-induced up-regulation of the PDE4B mRNA, and reversed LPS-induced down-regulation of CREB and pCREB in PC12 cells. The molecular docking results revealed electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between FA and PDE4B2. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of FA in PC12 cells might be conferred through inhibition of LPS-induced up-regulation of PDE4B and stimulation of cAMP/CREB signaling pathway. Therefore, FA may be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD.
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Novaes LS, Dos Santos NB, Batalhote RFP, Malta MB, Camarini R, Scavone C, Munhoz CD. Environmental enrichment protects against stress-induced anxiety: Role of glucocorticoid receptor, ERK, and CREB signaling in the basolateral amygdala. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:457-466. [PMID: 27815155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental animal model that enhances an animal's opportunity to interact with sensory, motor, and social stimuli, compared to standard laboratory conditions. A prominent benefit of EE is the reduction of stress-induced anxiety. The relationship between stress and the onset of anxiety-like behavior has been widely investigated in experimental research, showing a clear correlation with structural changes in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, the mechanisms by which EE exerts its protective roles in stress and anxiety remain unclear, and it is not known whether EE reduces the effects of acute stress on animal behavior shortly following the cessation of stress. We found that EE can prevent the emergence of anxiety-like symptoms in rats measured immediately after acute restraint stress (1 h) and this effect is not due to changes in systemic release of corticosterone. Rather, we found that stress promotes a rapid increase in the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the BLA, an effect prevented by previous EE exposure. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of ERK (a MAPK protein) and CREB activity in the BLA promoted by both EE and acute stress. Finally, we found that EE decreases the expression of the immediate-early gene EGR-1 in the BLA, indicating a possible reduction of neuronal activity in this region. Hyperactivity of BLA neurons has been reported to accompany anxiety-like behavior and changes in this process may be one of the mechanism by which EE exerts its protective effects against stress-induced anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Novaes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F P Batalhote
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marília Brinati Malta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Activation and blockade of prelimbic 5-HT6 receptors produce different effects on depressive-like behaviors in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang J, Cai CY, Wu HY, Zhu LJ, Luo CX, Zhu DY. CREB-mediated synaptogenesis and neurogenesis is crucial for the role of 5-HT1a receptors in modulating anxiety behaviors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29551. [PMID: 27404655 PMCID: PMC4941576 DOI: 10.1038/srep29551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 1a-receptor (5-HT1aR) has been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety. However, the mechanism underlying the role of 5-HT1aR in anxiety remains poorly understood. Here we show in mice that the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus functions as an effector of 5-HT1aR in modulating anxiety-related behaviors. We generated recombinant lentivirus LV-CREB133-GFP expressing a dominant negative CREB which could not be phosphorylated at Ser133 to specifically reduce CREB activity, and LV-VP16-CREB-GFP expressing a constitutively active fusion protein VP16-CREB which could be phosphorylated by itself to specifically enhance CREB activity. LV-CREB133-GFP neutralized 5-HT1aR agonist-induced up-regulation of synapse density, spine density, dendrite complexity, neurogenesis, and the expression of synapsin and spinophilin, two well-characterized synaptic proteins, and abolished the anxiolytic effect of 5-HT1aR agonist; whereas LV-VP16-CREB-GFP rescued the 5-HT1aR antagonist-induced down-regulation of synapse density, spine density, dendrite complexity, neurogenesis and synapsin and spinophilin expression, and reversed the anxiogenic effect of 5-HT1aR antagonist. The deletion of neurogenesis by irradiation or the diminution of synaptogenesis by knockdown of synapsin expression abolished the anxiolytic effects of both CREB and 5-HT1aR activation. These findings suggest that CREB-mediated hippoacampus structural plasticity is crucial for the role of 5-HT1aR in modulating anxiety-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Su zhou, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,The key laboratory of human functional genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Réus GZ, Abaleira HM, Titus SE, Arent CO, Michels M, da Luz JR, dos Santos MAB, Carlessi AS, Matias BI, Bruchchen L, Steckert AV, Ceretta LB, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J. Effects of ketamine administration on the phosphorylation levels of CREB and TrKB and on oxidative damage after infusion of MEK inhibitor. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Forstner AJ, Hofmann A, Maaser A, Sumer S, Khudayberdiev S, Mühleisen TW, Leber M, Schulze TG, Strohmaier J, Degenhardt F, Treutlein J, Mattheisen M, Schumacher J, Breuer R, Meier S, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Lacour A, Witt SH, Reif A, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Maier W, Schwarz M, Vedder H, Kammerer-Ciernioch J, Pfennig A, Bauer M, Hautzinger M, Moebus S, Priebe L, Sivalingam S, Verhaert A, Schulz H, Czerski PM, Hauser J, Lissowska J, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Brennan P, McKay JD, Wright A, Mitchell PB, Fullerton JM, Schofield PR, Montgomery GW, Medland SE, Gordon SD, Martin NG, Krasnov V, Chuchalin A, Babadjanova G, Pantelejeva G, Abramova LI, Tiganov AS, Polonikov A, Khusnutdinova E, Alda M, Cruceanu C, Rouleau GA, Turecki G, Laprise C, Rivas F, Mayoral F, Kogevinas M, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Propping P, Becker T, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Schratt G, Nöthen MM. Genome-wide analysis implicates microRNAs and their target genes in the development of bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e678. [PMID: 26556287 PMCID: PMC5068755 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 1%. Molecular genetic studies have identified the first BD susceptibility genes. However, the disease pathways remain largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, contribute to basic mechanisms underlying brain development and plasticity, suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders, including BD. In the present study, gene-based analyses were performed for all known autosomal microRNAs using the largest genome-wide association data set of BD to date (9747 patients and 14 278 controls). Associated and brain-expressed microRNAs were then investigated in target gene and pathway analyses. Functional analyses of miR-499 and miR-708 were performed in rat hippocampal neurons. Ninety-eight of the six hundred nine investigated microRNAs showed nominally significant P-values, suggesting that BD-associated microRNAs might be enriched within known microRNA loci. After correction for multiple testing, nine microRNAs showed a significant association with BD. The most promising were miR-499, miR-708 and miR-1908. Target gene and pathway analyses revealed 18 significant canonical pathways, including brain development and neuron projection. For miR-499, four Bonferroni-corrected significant target genes were identified, including the genome-wide risk gene for psychiatric disorder CACNB2. First results of functional analyses in rat hippocampal neurons neither revealed nor excluded a major contribution of miR-499 or miR-708 to dendritic spine morphogenesis. The present results suggest that research is warranted to elucidate the precise involvement of microRNAs and their downstream pathways in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Hofmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Maaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Sumer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Khudayberdiev
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - T W Mühleisen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - M Leber
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute for Genomics Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Breuer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Meier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Lacour
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - S H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Psychiatric Center Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany
| | - H Vedder
- Psychiatric Center Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany
| | | | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Priebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Sivalingam
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Verhaert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Schulz
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P M Czerski
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - P Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Wright
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - J M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S E Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S D Gordon
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V Krasnov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A Chuchalin
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G Babadjanova
- Institute of Pulmonology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G Pantelejeva
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L I Abramova
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A S Tiganov
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
| | - E Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - C Cruceanu
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies and Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies and Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Laprise
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - F Rivas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Regional Universitario, Biomedical Institute of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Mayoral
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Regional Universitario, Biomedical Institute of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Kogevinas
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Propping
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Becker
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Schratt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zhang QJ, Du CX, Tan HH, Zhang L, Li LB, Zhang J, Niu XL, Liu J. Activation and blockade of serotonin7 receptors in the prelimbic cortex regulate depressive-like behaviors in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Neuroscience 2015; 311:45-55. [PMID: 26470809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of serotonin7 (5-HT7) receptors in the regulation of depression is poorly understood, particularly in Parkinson's disease-associated depression. Here we examined whether 5-HT7 receptors in the prelimbic (PrL) sub-region of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) involve in the regulation of depressive-like behaviors in sham-operated rats and rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. The lesion induced depressive-like responses as measured by the sucrose preference and forced swim tests when compared to sham-operated rats. Intra-PrL injection of 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS19 (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat) increased sucrose consumption, and decreased immobility time in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, indicating the induction of antidepressant-like effects. Further, intra-PrL injection of 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970 (1.5, 3 and 6 μg/rat) decreased sucrose consumption, and increased immobility time, indicating the induction of depressive-like responses. However, the doses producing these effects in the lesioned rats were higher than those in sham-operated rats. Neurochemical results showed that intra-PrL injection of AS19 (2 μg/rat) increased dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the mPFC, habenula and ventral hippocampus (vHip) in sham-operated and the lesioned rats; whereas SB269970 (6 μg/rat) decreased 5-HT levels in the habenula and vHip, and the levels of NA in the mPFC, habenula and vHip in the two groups of rats. The results suggest that 5-HT7 receptors in the PrL play an important role in the regulation of these behaviors, which attribute to changes in monoamine levels in the limbic and limbic-related brain regions after activation and blockade of 5-HT7 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - C X Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - H H Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - L B Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - X L Niu
- Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Donev R, Alawam K. Alterations in Gene Expression in Depression: Prospects for Personalize Patient Treatment. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 101:97-124. [PMID: 26572977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The number of people around the world suffering from depression has dramatically increased in last few decades. It has been predicted that by 2020 depression will become the second most common cause of disability. Furthermore, depression is often misdiagnosed and confused with other psychiatric disorders showing similar symptoms, i.e., anxiety and bipolar disorder, due to the fact that diagnosing is often carried out by medical workers who are not psychiatrically trained. These facts prompt us to prepare this review which focuses on alterations in gene expression in depression. We believe that an in-depth knowledge of molecular bases of behavior in depression and other mood disorders would be of a great benefit for the correct diagnosing of these disorders, as well as for prescribing a treatment that best suits each individual depending on expression alterations in depression-related genes. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to promote further translational research on the biochemistry of mood disorders and take the results further for the design of new targeted therapeutics that can be used for personalized treatment with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Alawam
- Forensic Medicine Department, Ministry of Interior, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Abstract
Experience with drugs of abuse (such as cocaine) produces powerful, long-lasting memories that may be important in the development and persistence of drug addiction. The neural mechanisms that mediate how and where these cocaine memories are encoded, consolidated and stored are unknown. Here we used conditioned place preference in mice to examine the precise neural circuits that support the memory of a cocaine-cue association (the "cocaine memory trace" or "cocaine engram"). We found that a small population of neurons (∼10%) in the lateral nucleus of amygdala (LA) were recruited at the time of cocaine-conditioning to become part of this cocaine engram. Neurons with increased levels of the transcription factor CREB were preferentially recruited or allocated to the cocaine engram. Ablating or silencing neurons overexpressing CREB (but not a similar number of random LA neurons) before testing disrupted the expression of a previously acquired cocaine memory, suggesting that neurons overexpressing CREB become a critical hub in what is likely a larger cocaine memory engram. Consistent with theories that coordinated postencoding reactivation of neurons within an engram or cell assembly is crucial for memory consolidation (Marr, 1971; Buzsáki, 1989; Wilson and McNaughton, 1994; McClelland et al., 1995; Girardeau et al., 2009; Dupret et al., 2010; Carr et al., 2011), we also found that post-training suppression, or nondiscriminate activation, of CREB overexpressing neurons impaired consolidation of the cocaine memory. These findings reveal mechanisms underlying how and where drug memories are encoded and stored in the brain and may also inform the development of treatments for drug addiction.
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Hansen RT, Conti M, Zhang HT. Mice deficient in phosphodiesterase-4A display anxiogenic-like behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2941-54. [PMID: 24563185 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a super family of enzymes responsible for the halting of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and may represent novel therapeutic targets for treatment of cognitive disorders. PDE4 is of considerable interest to cognitive research because it is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in the cognition-related brain regions. Recently, the functional role of PDE4B and PDE4D, two of the four PDE4 subtypes (PDE4A, B, C, and D), in behavior has begun to be identified; however, the role of PDE4A in the regulation of behavior is still unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to characterize the functional role of PDE4A in behavior. METHODS The role of PDE4A in behavior was evaluated through a battery of behavioral tests using PDE4A knockout (KO) mice; urine corticosterone levels were also measured. RESULTS PDE4A KO mice exhibited improved memory in the step-through-passive-avoidance test. They also displayed anxiogenic-like behavior in elevated-plus maze, holeboard, light-dark transition, and novelty suppressed feeding tests. Consistent with the anxiety profile, PDE4A KO mice had elevated corticosterone levels compared with wild-type controls post-stress. Interestingly, PDE4A KO mice displayed no change in object recognition, Morris water maze, forced swim, tail suspension, and duration of anesthesia induced by co-administration of xylazine and ketamine (suggesting that PDE4A KO may not be emetic). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PDE4A may be important in the regulation of emotional memory and anxiety-like behavior, but not emesis. PDE4A could possibly represent a novel therapeutic target in the future for anxiety or disorders affecting memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf T Hansen
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9137, USA
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Mineur YS, Taylor SR, Picciotto MR. Calcineurin downregulation in the amygdala is sufficient to induce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in C57BL/6J male mice. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:991-8. [PMID: 24742621 PMCID: PMC4037359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin is highly expressed in the amygdala, a brain area important for behaviors related to mood disorders and anxiety. Organ transplant patients are administered the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) chronically and demonstrate an increased incidence of anxiety and mood disorders. It is therefore important to determine whether chronic blockade of calcineurin may contribute to symptoms of anxiety and depression in these patients. METHODS Pharmacological (CSA) and viral-mediated gene transfer (adeno-associated viral expression of short hairpin RNA [shRNA]) approaches were used to inhibit calcineurin activity systemically or selectively in the amygdala of the mouse brain to determine the role of calcineurin in behaviors related to anxiety and depression. RESULTS Systemic inhibition of calcineurin activity with CsA or local downregulation of calcineurin levels in the amygdala using adeno-associated viral-delivered shRNAs targeting calcineurin B increased measures of anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze, the light/dark box, and the open field test. A decrease in locomotor activity was also observed in mice treated systemically with CsA. In the forced swim model of depression-like behavior, both systemic CsA treatment and shRNA-mediated calcineurin blockade in the amygdala significantly increased immobility. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that decreasing calcineurin activity in the amygdala increases anxiety-like behaviors and to some extent depression-like behaviors. These studies suggest that chronic administration of CsA to organ transplant patients could have significant effects on anxiety and mood and this should be recognized as a potential clinical consequence of treatment to prevent transplant rejection.
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Li M, Luo XJ, Rietschel M, Lewis CM, Mattheisen M, Müller-Myhsok B, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Landén M, Thompson PM, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Schulze TG, Sullivan PF, Bergen SE, Donohoe G, Morris DW, Hargreaves A, Gill M, Corvin A, Hultman C, Toga AW, Shi L, Lin Q, Shi H, Gan L, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Czamara D, Henry C, Etain B, Bis JC, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Debette S, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Erk S, Walter H, Heinz A, Bellivier F, Stein JL, Medland SE, Arias Vasquez A, Hibar DP, Franke B, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Su B. Allelic differences between Europeans and Chinese for CREB1 SNPs and their implications in gene expression regulation, hippocampal structure and function, and bipolar disorder susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:452-61. [PMID: 23568192 PMCID: PMC3937299 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a polygenic disorder that shares substantial genetic risk factors with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic analyses have reported numerous BD susceptibility genes, while some variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1C have been successfully replicated, many others have not and subsequently their effects on the intermediate phenotypes cannot be verified. Here, we studied the MDD-related gene CREB1 in a set of independent BD sample groups of European ancestry (a total of 64,888 subjects) and identified multiple SNPs significantly associated with BD (the most significant being SNP rs6785[A], P=6.32 × 10(-5), odds ratio (OR)=1.090). Risk SNPs were then subjected to further analyses in healthy Europeans for intermediate phenotypes of BD, including hippocampal volume, hippocampal function and cognitive performance. Our results showed that the risk SNPs were significantly associated with hippocampal volume and hippocampal function, with the risk alleles showing a decreased hippocampal volume and diminished activation of the left hippocampus, adding further evidence for their involvement in BD susceptibility. We also found the risk SNPs were strongly associated with CREB1 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (P<0.005) and the prefrontal cortex (P<1.0 × 10(-6)). Remarkably, population genetic analysis indicated that CREB1 displayed striking differences in allele frequencies between continental populations, and the risk alleles were completely absent in East Asian populations. We demonstrated that the regional prevalence of the CREB1 risk alleles in Europeans is likely caused by genetic hitchhiking due to natural selection acting on a nearby gene. Our results suggest that differential population histories due to natural selection on regional populations may lead to genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to complex diseases, such as BD, and explain inconsistencies in detecting the genetic markers of these diseases among different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Luo
- University of Rochester Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Rietschel
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C M Lewis
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mattheisen
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Jamain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - M Landén
- 1] Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden [2] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany [2] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - T G Schulze
- 1] Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany [2] Section on Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Bergen
- 1] Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D W Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Hargreaves
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Group and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A W Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Q Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L Gan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Henry
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - B Etain
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M A Ikram
- 1] Department of Radiology and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] The Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Debette
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France [3] Department of Epidemiology, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- 1] Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - S Erk
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [2] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Walter
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany [3] Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bellivier
- 1] Inserm U 955, IMRB, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France [2] Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France [3] AP-HP, Hôpital St-Louis-Lariboisière-F Widal, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Paris, France [4] Faculté de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J L Stein
- 1] Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S E Medland
- 1] Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [2] Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [3] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Arias Vasquez
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Franke
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Hui YP, Zhang QJ, Zhang L, Chen L, Guo Y, Qiao HF, Wang Y, Liu J. Activation of prelimbic 5-HT1A receptors produces antidepressant-like effects in a unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2014; 268:265-75. [PMID: 24680938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathophysiology remains unclear. Several lines of studies have revealed that the prelimbic (PrL) sub-region of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the regulation of depression. In this study, we examined whether complete unilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) using 6-hydroxydopamine in rats are able to induce depressive-like behaviors, the role of PrL 5-HT1A receptors in the regulation of these behaviors, and co-localization of 5-HT1A receptor and neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1-immunoreactive (EAAC1-ir) neurons in the PrL. The MFB lesions induced depressive-like responses as measured by the sucrose preference and forced swim tests when compared to sham-operated rats. The intra-PrL injection of 5HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (50, 100, and 500ng/rat) increased sucrose consumption, and decreased immobility time in both sham-operated and the lesioned rats, indicating the induction of antidepressant effects. Furthermore, the intra-PrL injection of 5HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (60, 120, and 240ng/rat) showed a decrease in sucrose consumption, and an increase in immobility time, indicating the induction of depressive-like responses. However, the effective doses in the lesioned rats were higher than those in sham-operated rats, which attribute to down-regulation of 5-HT1A receptor expression on EAAC1-ir neurons in the PrL of the lesioned rats. These findings suggest that unilateral lesions of the MFB in rats may induce depressive-like behaviors, and 5-HT1A receptors of the PrL play an important role in the regulation of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Hui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Q J Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - H F Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Lin P, Wang C, Xu B, Gao S, Guo J, Zhao X, Huang H, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang Q, Zhou W. The VGF-derived peptide TLQP62 produces antidepressant-like effects in mice via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 120:140-8. [PMID: 24631486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that the neuropeptide VGF (nonacronymic)-derived peptide is regulated in the hippocampus by antidepressant therapies. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling, and monoamine transmitter pathways mediate the behavioral effects of antidepressants, but it is not known if these pathways also contribute to the antidepressant-like effects of VGF-derived peptide TLQP62. Here the antidepressant-like effects of TLQP62 were evaluated by measuring immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests (FST and TST) following acute microinjection of the TLQP62 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 nmol/side) into the hippocampal CA1 regions. This treatment dose-dependently reduced immobility in the FST and TST compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) infusion without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT). In addition, daily intrahippocampal microinfusion of TLQP62 (1 nmol/side/day; 21 days) also upregulated the expression of BDNF and the phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB) and TrkB (pTrkB) without altering CREB or TrkB. Blocking tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) by microinfusion of tPASTOP or TrkB activation by microinfusion of K252a 60 min prior to TLQP62 infusion almost completely abolished TLQP62-induced antidepressant-like effects, BDNF upregulation, and CREB/TrkB phosphorylation. In contrast, none of these effects were diminished by pretreatment with the non-specific 5-HT receptor antagonist metergoline, the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist NAN-190, the 5-HT synthase inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, the selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, the β receptor antagonist propranolol, or the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride. Moreover, our study was also to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of TLQP62 (50, 250 and 500 nmol/kg; i.p.) on depression-related behaviors in comparison with fluoxetine (10mg/kg; i.p.). While TLQP62 and fluoxetine showed similar antidepressant-like behavioral effects in the FST of mice. Our present results strongly suggest that activation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling may be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of TLQP62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Lin
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Bing Xu
- No. 97 Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, PR China
| | - Siyun Gao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jiejie Guo
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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Anxiolytic function of the orexin 2/hypocretin A receptor in the basolateral amygdala. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 40:17-26. [PMID: 24485472 PMCID: PMC4361941 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The orexin/hypocretin system interacts with many of the same circuitries contributing to stress-associated disorders like depression and anxiety. These include potentially reciprocal connections with corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) neurons which drive the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) endocrine response in addition to having an anxiogenic effect in the central amygdala (CeA). Antagonism of the orexin type 1 receptor (Orx1) in the hypothalamus has also been shown to block panic attacks. However, few studies have investigated the effect of orexinergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) which is responsible for contextual fear, and modulates the activity of the CeA. To this end, we chronically stressed c57bl/6 mice with social defeat and examined the gene expression of the orexin receptors in the BLA. We found that the transcripts for the Orx1 and Orx2 receptors diverged in the BLA with Orx1 increasing and Orx2 decreasing in animals that were susceptible to the chronic defeat. These changes were not seen in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) which sends efferents to the BLA. We then tried to recapitulate these expression patterns in the BLA using short hairpin interfering sequences delivered by adeno-associated viruses to knock down the orexin receptors. While the Orx1 knockdown did reduce locomotor activity, it did not decrease depressive or anxious behaviors. Knocking down the Orx2 receptors in the BLA increased anxious behavior as measured by reduced social preference and reduced time spent in the center of an open field. Due to the divergent expression patterns of the two receptors in response to chronic stress, orexinergic activity in the BLA may be responsible for bidirectional modulation of anxious behavior. Furthermore, these data raise the possibility that an Orx2 agonist may serve as an effective means to treat anxiety disorders.
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Neutral antagonism at the cannabinoid 1 receptor: a safer treatment for obesity. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1294-301. [PMID: 23070073 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global problem with often strong neurobiological underpinnings. The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) was put forward as a promising drug target for antiobesity medication. However, the first marketed CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant was discontinued, as its use was occasionally associated with negative affect and suicidality. In artificial cell systems, CB1Rs can become constitutively active in the absence of ligands. Here, we show that such constitutive CB1R activity also regulates GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area and basolateral amygdala, regions which regulate motivation and emotions. We show that CB1R inverse agonists like rimonabant suppress the constitutive CB1R activity in such regions, and cause anxiety and reduced motivation for reward. The neutral CB1R antagonist NESS0327 does not suppress constitutive activity and lacks these negative effects. Importantly, however, both rimonabant and NESS0327 equally reduce weight gain and food intake. Together, these findings suggest that neutral CB1R antagonists can treat obesity efficiently and more safely than inverse agonists.
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Increased hippocampal neurogenesis and accelerated response to antidepressants in mice with specific deletion of CREB in the hippocampus: role of cAMP response-element modulator τ. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13673-85. [PMID: 23966689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1669-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression as well as in the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. However, altering CREB levels appears to have differing effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, depending on which brain region is examined. Furthermore, many manipulations of CREB lead to corresponding changes in other CREB family proteins, and the impact of these changes has been largely ignored. To further investigate the region-specific importance of CREB in depression-related behavior and antidepressant response, we used Creb(loxP/loxP) mice to localize CREB deletion to the hippocampus. In an assay sensitive to chronic antidepressant response, the novelty-induced hypophagia procedure, hippocampal CREB deletion, did not alter the response to chronic antidepressant treatment. In contrast, mice with hippocampal CREB deletion responded to acute antidepressant treatment in this task, and this accelerated response was accompanied by an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Upregulation of the CREB-family protein cAMP response-element modulator (CREM) was observed after CREB deletion. Viral overexpression of the activator isoform of CREM, CREMτ, in the hippocampus also resulted in an accelerated response to antidepressants as well as increased hippocampal neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration of CREMτ within the brain playing a role in behavior and specifically in behavioral outcomes following antidepressant treatment. The current results suggest that activation of CREMτ may provide a means to accelerate the therapeutic efficacy of current antidepressant treatment.
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Martini C, Da Pozzo E, Carmassi C, Cuboni S, Trincavelli ML, Massimetti G, Marazziti D, Dell'Osso L. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein in post-traumatic stress disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:396-402. [PMID: 21696331 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.577189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding (CREB) protein is a transcription factor involved in different neural processes, such as learning, neuroplasticity and the modulation of stress response. Alterations in the CREB pathway have been observed in the brains and lymphocytes of patients affected by depression and alcohol abuse. Given the lack of information, our study aimed at investigating the levels of total and activated CREB protein in lympho-monocytes of 20 drug-free patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), as compared with 20 healthy control subjects. METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy control subjects on the same time and lympho-monocytes were isolated according to standardized methods. CREB protein levels and activation were measured by means of immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS The results showed that PTSD patients had statistically lower levels of total CREB protein in lympho-monocytes than healthy control subjects. On the contrary, no difference in the activated CREB protein was detected. CONCLUSIONS These findings, albeit preliminary, would suggest that the CREB pathway might be involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Future studies should clarify if specific PTSD symptom clusters might be related to the CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Neural plasticity and proliferation in the generation of antidepressant effects: hippocampal implication. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:537265. [PMID: 23862076 PMCID: PMC3703717 DOI: 10.1155/2013/537265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that changes underlying depression and antidepressant-like effects involve not only alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters as monoamines and their receptors in the brain, but also structural and functional changes far beyond. During the last two decades, emerging theories are providing new explanations about the neurobiology of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant strategies based on cellular changes at the CNS level. The neurotrophic/plasticity hypothesis of depression, proposed more than a decade ago, is now supported by multiple basic and clinical studies focused on the role of intracellular-signalling cascades that govern neural proliferation and plasticity. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art of the changes in these signalling pathways which appear to underlie both depressive disorders and antidepressant actions. We will especially focus on the hippocampal cellularity and plasticity modulation by serotonin, trophic factors as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through intracellular signalling pathways—cAMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and mTOR. Connecting the classic monoaminergic hypothesis with proliferation/neuroplasticity-related evidence is an appealing and comprehensive attempt for improving our knowledge about the neurobiological events leading to depression and associated to antidepressant therapies.
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Marsden WN. Synaptic plasticity in depression: molecular, cellular and functional correlates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 43:168-84. [PMID: 23268191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity confers environmental adaptability through modification of the connectivity between neurons and neuronal circuits. This is achieved through changes to synapse-associated signaling systems and supported by complementary changes to cellular morphology and metabolism within the tripartite synapse. Mounting evidence suggests region-specific changes to synaptic form and function occur as a result of chronic stress and in depression. Within subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus structural and synapse-related findings seem consistent with a deficit in long-term potentiation (LTP) and facilitation of long-term depression (LTD), particularly at excitatory pyramidal synapses. Other brain regions are less well-studied; however the amygdala may feature a somewhat opposite synaptic pathology including reduced inhibitory tone. Changes to synaptic plasticity in stress and depression may correlate those to several signal transduction pathways (e.g. NOS-NO, cAMP-PKA, Ras-ERK, PI3K-Akt, GSK-3, mTOR and CREB) and upstream receptors (e.g. NMDAR, TrkB and p75NTR). Deficits in synaptic plasticity may further correlate disrupted brain redox and bioenergetics. Finally, at a functional level region-specific changes to synaptic plasticity in depression may relate to maladapted neurocircuitry and parallel reduced cognitive control over negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Marsden
- Highclere Court, Woking, Surrey, GU21 2QP, UK.
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40
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Increasing CRTC1 function in the dentate gyrus during memory formation or reactivation increases memory strength without compromising memory quality. J Neurosci 2013; 32:17857-68. [PMID: 23223304 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1419-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory stabilization following encoding (synaptic consolidation) or memory reactivation (reconsolidation) requires gene expression and protein synthesis (Dudai and Eisenberg, 2004; Tronson and Taylor, 2007; Nader and Einarsson, 2010; Alberini, 2011). Although consolidation and reconsolidation may be mediated by distinct molecular mechanisms (Lee et al., 2004), disrupting the function of the transcription factor CREB impairs both processes (Kida et al., 2002; Mamiya et al., 2009). Phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 recruits CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 coactivators to activate transcription (Chrivia et al., 1993; Parker et al., 1996). In addition to this well known mechanism, CREB regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs), previously called transducers of regulated CREB (TORC) activity, stimulate CREB-mediated transcription, even in the absence of CREB phosphorylation. Recently, CRTC1 has been shown to undergo activity-dependent trafficking from synapses and dendrites to the nucleus in excitatory hippocampal neurons (Ch'ng et al., 2012). Despite being a powerful and specific coactivator of CREB, the role of CRTC in memory is virtually unexplored. To examine the effects of increasing CRTC levels, we used viral vectors to locally and acutely increase CRTC1 in the dorsal hippocampus dentate gyrus region of mice before training or memory reactivation in context fear conditioning. Overexpressing CRTC1 enhanced both memory consolidation and reconsolidation; CRTC1-mediated memory facilitation was context specific (did not generalize to nontrained context) and long lasting (observed after virally expressed CRTC1 dissipated). CREB overexpression produced strikingly similar effects. Therefore, increasing CRTC1 or CREB function is sufficient to enhance the strength of new, as well as established reactivated, memories without compromising memory quality.
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Kim J, Kwon JT, Kim HS, Han JH. CREB and neuronal selection for memory trace. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:44. [PMID: 23519079 PMCID: PMC3604628 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress over the past several decades, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory encoding, storage, and expression in a complex neural network are far from complete. In particular, how some neurons rather than others are selectively engaged to encode memory remains largely unknown. Using virus-mediated gene delivery into a small subset of neurons in a given network, molecular imaging of neuronal activity, pharmacological perturbation of specific neurons' activity and animal behavior assays, recent studies have begun to provide insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the selection of neurons for inclusion into a memory trace. Here, we focus on a review of recent findings supporting the hypothesis that the level of the transcription factor CREB (cAMP/Ca2+-response element binding protein) is a key factor governing which neurons are recruited to a given memory trace. These recent findings open a new perspective on memory trace at the neural circuit level and also raise many important questions. Future studies employing more advanced neurobiological techniques for targeting defined populations of neurons and manipulating their activity in time and space in a complex neural network will give answers to these newly emerging questions and extend our understanding of the neurobiological basis of the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit and Behavior, Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, Korea
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Li B, Yang CJ, Yue N, Liu Y, Yu J, Wang YQ, Liu Q, Wu GC. Clomipramine reverses hypoalgesia/hypoesthesia and improved depressive-like behaviors induced by inescapable shock in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 541:227-32. [PMID: 23416897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An increased vulnerability to pain complaints, along with a simultaneous increase in experimental pain thresholds, shows the paradoxical phenomenon of pain perception in depressive patients. Clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, could also ameliorate syndromes in chronic pain patients. However, few studies have focused on the effect of antidepressants on experimental pain thresholds. By using a rat model, the learned helplessness paradigm, the present study explored the effect of clomipramine on behavioral deficits and experimental pain thresholds to different stimuli in "helpless" rats. Helpless rats were administered clomipramine (10mg/kg, i.p, b.i.d.) for 5 consecutive days. The depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors were detected by shuttle box, open field and elevated plus maze test before and after inescapable shock and after medication. The sensitivity to the thermal and mechanical stimuli was also measured by the von Frey hair and Hargreaves test at the indicated time points. Helpless rats displayed shorter total travel distance and fewer rearing times in the open field test and decreased percentage of time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, they exhibited significant hypoalgesia/hypoesthesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli. Clomipramine alleviate depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors and increased the sensitivity to von Frey filament stimuli with no effect on the sensitivity to radiant heat stimuli in helpless rats. These suggested that clomipramine could reverse mechanical but not thermal hypoalgesia/hypoesthesia and simultaneously improved behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Lab of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 37:2331-71. [PMID: 23261405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro- and psychopharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuroanatomy, and molecular biology. We suggest that the problem of depression comprises three sub-problems: first episodes in people with low vulnerability ('simple' depressions), which are strongly stress-dependent; an increase in vulnerability and autonomy from stress that develops over episodes of depression (kindling); and factors that confer vulnerability to a first episode (a depressive diathesis). We describe key processes in the onset of a 'simple' depression and show that kindling and depressive diatheses reproduce many of the neurobiological features of depression. We also review the neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressant drug action, and show that resistance to antidepressant treatment is associated with genetic and other factors that are largely similar to those implicated in vulnerability to depression. We discuss the implications of these conclusions for the understanding and treatment of depression, and make some strategic recommendations for future research.
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Orsini CA, Maren S. Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1773-802. [PMID: 22230704 PMCID: PMC3345303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of natural history, countless animal species have evolved adaptive behavioral systems to cope with dangerous situations and promote survival. Emotional memories are central to these defense systems because they are rapidly acquired and prepare organisms for future threat. Unfortunately, the persistence and intrusion of memories of fearful experiences are quite common and can lead to pathogenic conditions, such as anxiety and phobias. Over the course of the last 30 years, neuroscientists and psychologists alike have attempted to understand the mechanisms by which the brain encodes and maintains these aversive memories. Of equal interest, though, is the neurobiology of extinction memory formation as this may shape current therapeutic techniques. Here we review the extant literature on the neurobiology of fear and extinction memory formation, with a strong focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Orsini
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA
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45
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Felger JC, Cole SW, Pace TWW, Hu F, Woolwine BJ, Doho GH, Raison CL, Miller AH. Molecular signatures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic interferon-α treatment: relationship with depression and fatigue. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1591-1603. [PMID: 22152193 PMCID: PMC3433045 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) treatment for infectious disease and cancer causes high rates of depression and fatigue, and has been used to investigate the impact of inflammatory cytokines on brain and behavior. However, little is known about the transcriptional impact of chronic IFN-α on immune cells in vivo and its relationship to IFN-α-induced behavioral changes. METHOD Genome-wide transcriptional profiling was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) either awaiting IFN-α therapy (n=10) or at 12 weeks of IFN-α treatment (n=11). RESULTS Significance analysis of microarray data identified 252 up-regulated and 116 down-regulated gene transcripts. Of the up-regulated genes, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2), a gene linked to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), was the only gene that was differentially expressed in patients with IFN-α-induced depression/fatigue, and correlated with depression and fatigue scores at 12 weeks (r=0.80, p=0.003 and r=0.70, p=0.017 respectively). Promoter-based bioinformatic analyses linked IFN-α-related transcriptional alterations to transcription factors involved in myeloid differentiation, IFN-α signaling, activator protein-1 (AP1) and cAMP responsive element binding protein/activation transcription factor (CREB/ATF) pathways, which were derived primarily from monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. IFN-α-treated patients with high depression/fatigue scores demonstrated up-regulation of genes bearing promoter motifs for transcription factors involved in myeloid differentiation, IFN-α and AP1 signaling, and reduced prevalence of motifs for CREB/ATF, which has been implicated in major depression. CONCLUSIONS Depression and fatigue during chronic IFN-α administration were associated with alterations in the expression (OAS2) and transcriptional control (CREB/ATF) of genes linked to behavioral disorders including CFS and major depression, further supporting an immune contribution to these diseases.
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MESH Headings
- 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/drug effects
- 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/genetics
- Antiviral Agents/adverse effects
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Computational Biology/methods
- Depression/chemically induced
- Depression/genetics
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Fatigue/chemically induced
- Fatigue/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling/statistics & numerical data
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/adverse effects
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Microarray Analysis
- Middle Aged
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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46
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Mood disorders. Transl Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511980053.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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47
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Arakawa S, Shirayama Y, Fujita Y, Ishima T, Horio M, Muneoka K, Iyo M, Hashimoto K. Minocycline produced antidepressant-like effects on the learned helplessness rats with alterations in levels of monoamine in the amygdala and no changes in BDNF levels in the hippocampus at baseline. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:601-6. [PMID: 21967886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that minocycline might function as an antidepressant drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of minocycline, which is known to suppress activated microglia, using learned helplessness (LH) rats (an animal model of depression). Infusion of minocycline into the cerebral ventricle of LH rats induced antidepressant-like effects. However, infusion of minocycline into the cerebral ventricle of naïve rats did not produce locomotor activation in the open field tests, suggesting that the antidepressant-like effects of minocycline were not attributed to the enhanced locomotion. LH rats showed significantly higher serotonin turnover in the orbitofrontal cortex and lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus than control rats. However, these alterations in serotonin turnover and BDNF expression remained unchanged after treatment with minocycline. On the contrary, minocycline treatment of LH rats induced significant increases in the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the amygdala when compared with untreated LH rats. Taken together, minocycline may be a therapeutic drug for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Arakawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Barco A, Marie H. Genetic approaches to investigate the role of CREB in neuronal plasticity and memory. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:330-49. [PMID: 21948060 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, the convergence of multiple intracellular signaling cascades leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation suggests that this transcription factor plays a critical role in integrating different inputs and mediating appropriate neuronal responses. The nature of this transcriptional response depends on both the type and strength of the stimulus and the cellular context. CREB-dependent gene expression has been involved in many different aspects of nervous system function, from embryonic development to neuronal survival, and synaptic, structural, and intrinsic plasticity. Here, we first review the different methodological approaches used to genetically manipulate CREB activity and levels in neurons in vivo in the adult brain, including recombinant viral vectors, mouse transgenesis, and gene-targeting techniques. We then discuss the impact of these approaches on our understanding of CREB's roles in neuronal plasticity and memory in rodents. Studies combining these genetic approaches with electrophysiology and behavior provide strong evidence that CREB is critically involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, intrinsic excitability, and long-term memory formation. These findings pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Sant Joan, Apt. 18, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
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Virok DP, Kis Z, Szegedi V, Juhász G, Zvara A, Müller G, Lévay G, Hársing LG, Rajkó R, Penke B, Janka Z, Janáky T, Puskás LG. Functional changes in transcriptomes of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of anxiety. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:348-61. [PMID: 21602590 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is a multi-etiology disorder influenced by both genetic background and environment. To study the impact of a genetic predisposition, we developed a novel mouse model of anxiety using a combination of crossbreeding and behavioral selection. Comparison of the transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of anxious and control mice revealed that the numbers of significantly up- and down-regulated genes were modest, comprising approximately 2% of the tested genes. Functional analysis of the significantly altered gene sets showed that functional groups such as nervous system development, behavior, glial cell differentiation and synaptic transmission were significantly enriched among the up-regulated genes, whereas functional groups such as potassium ion transport, Wnt signaling and neuropeptidergic signaling were significantly enriched among the down-regulated genes. Many of the identified genes and functional groups have been previously linked to the molecular biology of anxiety, while several others, such as transthyretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and various potassium ion channels, are novel or not as well described in this context. Supporting the gene expression data, we also found increased excitability in the hippocampi of anxious mice, which can be a phenotypic result of decreased potassium channel density. Our transcriptome screen showed that the initiation and/or effect of anxiety involve multiple pathways and cellular processes. The identified novel genes and pathways could be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of anxiety and provide potential targets for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezso P Virok
- Institute for Plant Genomics, Human Biotechnology and Bioenergy (BAY-GEN), 6726 Szeged Derkovits fasor 2., Hungary.
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Adamec R, Hebert M, Blundell J. Long lasting effects of predator stress on pCREB expression in brain regions involved in fearful and anxious behavior. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:118-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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