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Brooks SJ, Dahl K, Dudley-Jones R, Schiöth HB. A neuroinflammatory compulsivity model of anorexia nervosa (NICAN). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105580. [PMID: 38417395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Brooks
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Neuroscience Research Laboratory (NeuRL), Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - K Dahl
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - R Dudley-Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - H B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa is a frequent eating disorder that affects predominantly young women and may take a severe and chronically worsening course of disease contributing to its high mortality rate. Although a multitude of treatment options exist, this disease still bears a high relapse rate. In light of these facts, an improvement of existing and development of new treatment targets and options is warranted. AREAS COVERED The present review article covers recent developments in psychotherapy associated with the respective neuropsychological and brain alterations as well as highlights current and future pharmacotherapeutic options. EXPERT OPINION Several encouraging developments in the field of psychotherapy such as interventions targeting neurocognitive profiles or addressing reward processing, brain stimulation as well as pharmacological modulation of hormones, namely leptin, oxytocin, ghrelin and nesfatin-1 signaling might be - most likely as part of a multimodal treatment approach - efficacious in order to improve treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, especially those with a severe course of disease as well as comorbidities. As anorexia nervosa represents a complex and severe mental disorder, it seems most likely that a combination and integration of different evidence-based treatment approaches and settings will contribute to an improved prognosis of this eating disorder. This should be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Excellence in Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET)
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Excellence in Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET)
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Azhar L, Kusumo RW, Marotta G, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N. Pharmacological Management of Apathy in Dementia. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:143-165. [PMID: 35006557 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is a highly prevalent symptom of dementia. Despite its association with faster cognitive and functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased mortality, no therapies are currently approved to treat apathy. The objective of this review was to summarize the drugs that have been studied for apathy treatment in patients with dementia (specifically Alzheimer's disease [AD], Huntington's disease [HD] and Parkinson's disease [PD] dementia; dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB]; vascular dementia [VaD]; and frontotemporal dementia [FTD]) based on their putative mechanisms of action. A search for relevant studies was performed using ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that were available in English and included at least one drug intervention and an apathy measure scale. A total of 52 studies that included patients with AD (n = 33 studies), PD (n = 5), HD (n = 1), DLB (n = 1), FTD (n = 3), VaD (n = 1), VaD and AD (n = 4), VaD and mixed dementia (n = 1), and AD, VaD and mixed dementia (n = 3) were eligible for inclusion. These studies showed that methylphenidate, olanzapine, cholinesterase inhibitors, choline alphoscerate, citalopram, memantine, and mibampator are the only beneficial drugs in AD-related apathy. For PD-related apathy, only methylphenidate, rotigotine and rivastigmine showed benefits. Regarding FTD- and DLB-related apathy, initial studies with agomelatine and rivastigmine showed benefits, respectively. As for HD- and only-VaD-related apathy, no drugs demonstrated benefits. With regards to mixed populations, memantine, galantamine and gingko biloba showed effects on apathy in the AD plus VaD populations and nimodipine in the VaD plus mixed dementia populations. Of the drugs with positive results, some are already prescribed to patients with dementia to target other symptoms, some have characteristics-such as medical contraindications (e.g., cardiovascular) and adverse effects (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances)-that limit their clinical use and some require further study. Future studies should investigate apathy as a primary outcome, making use of appropriate sample sizes and study durations to ensure durability of results. There should also be a consensus on using scales with high test/retest and interrater reliabilities to limit the inconsistencies between clinical trials. In conclusion, there are currently no US FDA-approved drugs that target apathy in dementia, so there is an ongoing need for the development of such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Azhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael W Kusumo
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marotta
- Geriatric Medicine Division, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Fukudo S, Kano M, Sato Y, Muratsubaki T, Kanazawa M, Tashiro M, Yanai K. Histamine Neuroimaging in Stress-Related Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 59:113-129. [PMID: 35156186 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although histamine plays a major role in animal models of stress-related disorders, human neuroimaging data are sparse. Histamine H1 receptors in the human brain were first imaged by Professor Kazuhiko Yanai in 1992 by using 11C-doxepin, a potent ligand of H1 receptors, and positron emission tomography (PET). Subsequent work revealed that H1 receptors are reduced in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in patients with major depressive disorders. A sex difference in H1 receptor binding in the brain has also been found, with women exhibiting more abundant H1 receptor binding than men. Moreover, female patients with anorexia nervosa show higher H1 receptor binding in the amygdala and lentiform nucleus. These studies also found an inverse correlation of depression scores with H1 receptor binding. Histamine is considered to play a major role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a representative disorder of brain-gut interactions. Along these lines, hypnotic suggestion dramatically changes the waveforms of viscerosensory cerebral evoked potentials in response to electrical rectal stimulation and these changes are modified by the administration of H1 antagonist. The direction of the H1 antagonist-induced changes in the viscerosensory cerebral evoked potentials differs between IBS patients and healthy controls. Thus, histamine likely plays an important role in stress-related disorders. Further histamine brain imaging studies of humans are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Michiko Kano
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Muratsubaki
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Tashiro
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Mercurio AE, Hong F, Amir C, Tarullo AR, Samkavitz A, Ashy M, Malley-Morrison K. Relationships Among Childhood Maltreatment, Limbic System Dysfunction, and Eating Disorders in College Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:520-537. [PMID: 32228345 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520912590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment and eating pathology are not fully understood. We examined the mediating role of limbic system dysfunction in the relationships between three forms of childhood maltreatment (parental psychological maltreatment, parental physical maltreatment, and parental emotional neglect) and eating disorder symptoms. A convenience sample of college women (N = 246, M age = 19.62, SD = 2.41) completed measures of maltreatment (Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and the Parental Bonding Instrument), limbic system dysfunction (Limbic System Questionnaire), and eating pathology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire). We hypothesized that there would be an indirect effect of each type of childhood maltreatment on eating disorder symptoms via limbic system irritability. Results generally supported the hypotheses. Examination of the individual paths that defined the indirect effect indicated that higher reported childhood maltreatment was associated with greater limbic irritability symptoms, and higher limbic irritability symptomatology was related to higher total eating disorder scores. There were no significant direct effects for any of the proposed models. Findings are in line with research supporting the role of limbic system dysfunction as a possible pathway in the maltreatment-eating disorder link. Given that limbic system dysfunction may underlie behavioral symptoms of eating disorders, efforts targeting limbic system dysfunction associated with child maltreatment might best be undertaken at an early developmental stage, although interventions for college women struggling with eating disorders are also crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Majed Ashy
- Adult and Child Therapy Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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An Insight into GPCR and G-Proteins as Cancer Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123288. [PMID: 34943797 PMCID: PMC8699078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface signaling receptors known to play a crucial role in various physiological functions, including tumor growth and metastasis. Various molecules such as hormones, lipids, peptides, and neurotransmitters activate GPCRs that enable the coupling of these receptors to highly specialized transducer proteins, called G-proteins, and initiate multiple signaling pathways. Integration of these intricate networks of signaling cascades leads to numerous biochemical responses involved in diverse pathophysiological activities, including cancer development. While several studies indicate the role of GPCRs in controlling various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, and metastasis through its aberrant overexpression, mutations, or increased release of agonists, the explicit mechanisms of the involvement of GPCRs in cancer progression is still puzzling. This review provides an insight into the various responses mediated by GPCRs in the development of cancers, the molecular mechanisms involved and the novel pharmacological approaches currently preferred for the treatment of cancer. Thus, these findings extend the knowledge of GPCRs in cancer cells and help in the identification of therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Keeler J, Patsalos O, Thuret S, Ehrlich S, Tchanturia K, Himmerich H, Treasure J. Hippocampal volume, function, and related molecular activity in anorexia nervosa: A scoping review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1367-1387. [PMID: 33176113 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1850256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and persistent eating disorder, characterized by severe dietary restriction and weight loss, with a third of patients developing a severe-enduring form. The factors contributing to this progression are poorly understood, although there is evidence for impairments in neural structures such as the hippocampus, an area particularly affected by malnutrition and chronic stress. AREAS COVERED This study aimed to map the evidence for alterations in hippocampal volume, function, and related molecular activity in anorexia nervosa. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies related to hippocampal function and integrity using a range of methodologies, such as neuropsychological paradigms, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, and analysis of blood components. EXPERT OPINION Thirty-nine studies were included in this review. The majority were neuroimaging studies, which found hippocampus-specific volumetric and functional impairments. Neuropsychological studies showed evidence for a specific memory and learning impairments. There was some evidence for molecular abnormalities (e.g. cortisol), although these were few studies. Taken together, our review suggests that the hippocampus might be a particular region of interest when considering neurobiological approaches to understanding AN. These findings warrant further investigation and may lead to novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Keeler
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences , Germany
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
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Germundson DL, Vendsel LP, Nagamoto-Combs K. Region-specific regulation of central histaminergic H3 receptor expression in a mouse model of cow's milk allergy. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147148. [PMID: 33035498 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Central histaminergic H3 receptor (H3R) has been extensively investigated as a potential therapeutic target for various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite promising results in preclinical rodent models, clinical trials have not provided conclusive evidence for the benefit of H3R antagonists to alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms of these disorders. Inconsistent pharmacological efficacies may arise from aberrant changes in H3R over time during disease development. Because H3R is involved in feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and secretion, the expression of the autoreceptor may also be reciprocally regulated by altered histamine levels in a pathological condition. Thus, we investigated H3R expression in a mouse model of cow's milk allergy, a condition associated with increased histamine levels. Mice were sensitized to bovine whey proteins (WP) over 5 weeks and H3R protein and transcript levels were examined in the brain. Substantially increased H3R immunoreactivity was observed in various brain regions of WP-sensitized mice compared to sham mice. Elevated H3R expression was also found in the thalamic/hypothalamic region. The expression of histaminergic H1, but not H2, receptor subtype was also increased in this and the midbrain regions. Unlike the brain, all three histaminergic receptors were increased in the small intestine. These results indicated that the central histaminergic receptors were altered in WP-sensitized mice in a subtype- and region-specific manner, which likely contributed to behavioral changes we observed in these mice. Our study also suggests that altered levels of H3R could be considered during a pharmacological intervention of a neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Germundson
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Lane P Vendsel
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
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Gianni AD, De Donatis D, Valente S, De Ronchi D, Atti AR. Eating disorders: Do PET and SPECT have a role? A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111065. [PMID: 32234640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review was implemented according to PRISMA guidelines on Pubmed, Psychinfo, Medline, Embase to fill the existing literature gap on the effectiveness of using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Twenty-two articles were included. Four studies reported an increased density in 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HT1A) in fronto-temporo-parietal regions in both affected and recovered AN as well as in BN. The 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) binding was increased or diminished in different specific cortical areas and in relation to Eating Disorder (ED) subtypes. Some evidences of blunted Dopamine (DA) release in the putamen in BN patients suggest that their DA function might be impaired as in addictive behaviours. Studies estimating the regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) with SPECT demonstrated that temporal areas seem to play a key role in ED corroborating the hypothesis of a cingulate-temporal cortical dysfunction in AN. In addition, alterations of both parietal and prefrontal cortex provide a possible common neural substrate in AN. Studies included in this review are heterogeneous preventing robust conclusions, however, our findings add knowledge on some of the neurotransmitters involved in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Di Gianni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Domenico De Donatis
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Valente
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Michael NJ, Zigman JM, Williams KW, Elmquist JK. Electrophysiological Properties of Genetically Identified Histaminergic Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 444:183-195. [PMID: 32599122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) are important regulators of behavioral and homeostatic processes. Previous work suggested that histaminergic neurons exhibit a characteristic electrophysiological signature, allowing for their identification in brain slice preparations. However, these previous investigations focused on neurons in the ventral subregion of the TMN of rats. Consequently, it remains unclear whether such electrophysiological properties extend to mice, including other subregions of the TMN, and the potential for differences between males and females. To further characterize the electrophysiological properties of histaminergic neurons, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase in histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-expressing cells; the sole enzyme for histamine synthesis (Hdc-cre::tdTomato). Despite similarities with the electrophysiological properties reported in rats, we observed considerable variability in mouse HDC neuron passive membrane properties, action potential firing, and intrinsic subthreshold active membrane properties. Overall, the electrophysiological properties of HDC neurons appeared similar across subregions of the TMN, consistent with a lack of topographical organization in this nucleus. Moreover, we found no obvious sex differences in the electrical excitability of HDC neurons. However, our data reveal a diversity in the electrophysiological properties of genetically identified histaminergic neurons from mice not previously appreciated from rat studies. Thus, these data highlight the utility of mouse genetics to target the widespread histaminergic neuronal population within the TMN and support the idea that histaminergic neurons are a heterogeneous neuronal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Michael
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States.
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States; Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, United States.
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11
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Antihistamine agents and pitolisant might be useful for anorexia nervosa. Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schalla MA, Stengel A. Activity Based Anorexia as an Animal Model for Anorexia Nervosa-A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2019; 6:69. [PMID: 31165073 PMCID: PMC6536653 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting around 1 per 100 persons. However, the knowledge about its underlying pathophysiology is limited. To address the need for a better understanding of AN, an animal model was established early on in the late 1960's: the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model in which rats have access to a running wheel combined with restricted food access leading to self-starving/body weight loss and hyperactivity. Both symptoms, separately or combined, can also be found in patients with AN. The aim of this systematic review was to compile the current knowledge about this animal model as well as to address gaps in knowledge. Using the data bases of PubMed, Embase and Web of science 102 publications were identified meeting the search criteria. Here, we show that the ABA model mimics core features of human AN and has been characterized with regards to brain alterations, hormonal changes as well as adaptations of the immune system. Moreover, pharmacological interventions in ABA animals and new developments, such as a chronic adaptation of the ABA model, will be highlighted. The chronic model might be well suited to display AN characteristics but should be further characterized. Lastly, limitations of the model will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Loy BD, Fling BW, Sage KM, Spain RI, Horak FB. Serum Histidine is Lower in Fatigued Women with Multiple Sclerosis. FATIGUE : BIOMEDICINE, HEALTH & BEHAVIOR 2019; 7:69-80. [PMID: 32440368 PMCID: PMC7241417 DOI: 10.1080/21641846.2019.1611786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disabling persistent perceived fatigue occurs in 50% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but mechanisms are poorly understood. Low histidine could contribute to fatigue since it is the neurotransmitter histamine precursor and low serum levels are reported in other diseases where fatigue is common (e.g., breast cancer, kidney disease, diabetes). Serum histidine is also inversely correlated with proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF, IFN-y), which have been linked to MS fatigue. PURPOSE To determine if serum histidine is low in fatigued women with MS, and if histidine is related to differences in proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS Participants were classified as having elevated (n = 19) or normal (n = 18) perceived fatigue based on a median sample split using Profile of Mood States fatigue scale scores, with the elevated fatigue group having scores >7. Histidine and gene-expression of TNF, IFN-y, and leptin were assayed from a serum sample. RESULTS After adjustment for depression, serum histidine was significantly lower in women with MS with elevated fatigue, compared to normal fatigue (64.57 vs. 70.48 nmol/ml, p = .048, g = 0.75). There were no differences between groups in cytokine expression (all p > .24). Gene expression of TNF correlated with histidine only in people with normal fatigue (r = .51, p = .034), while no other cytokines related to histidine levels. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that serum histidine is lower in fatigued women with MS, but the study did not find a relationship between histidine and TNF, IFN-y, or leptin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Loy
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Brett W. Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kylie M. Sage
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Rebecca I. Spain
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Neurology Services, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
| | - Fay B. Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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14
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Wróblewska B, Szyc AM, Markiewicz LH, Zakrzewska M, Romaszko E. Increased prevalence of eating disorders as a biopsychosocial implication of food allergy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198607. [PMID: 29944672 PMCID: PMC6019672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study evaluates the impact of biopsychosocial factors involved in food allergy (FA) on the prevalence of eating disorders (ED). For the 5-year follow-up studies, 75 participants (aged 1-14 years) with early-onset FA and 81 healthy peers were included. METHOD Participants were diagnosed with FA using antibody/cytokine content immunoassay tests. Medical history, including BMI z-scores, was completed using data obtained in response to a validated allergic questionnaire that incorporated the SCOFF and EAT-8 screening questionnaires for ED. FA was confirmed if total IgE was elevated, specific sIgE to food allergens exceeded 0.7 kUA/L and if manifestations were observed. Screening for ED was considered positive if two or more SCOFF and EAT-8 items were confirmed. RESULTS In the FA+ group, 50% of female participants and 6.7% of their healthy female peers reported ED. An ED+ result was more frequent in FA+ individuals than in their healthy peers (p = 0.046) although the association is weak. In the FA+/ED+ group, 25.3% of the participants were underweight, and 14.7% were overweight compared to their peers where this reached respectively 4.2% and 2.8% (p<0.005). 74% of the FA+/ED+ individuals reported elimination diet implementation and only 15% declared it was medically consulted. The prevalence of ED in the FA+ male group was consistently correlated with lack of confidence in FA issues (r = 0.5424) and in the FA+ female group with applied medical procedures (r = 0.7069; p<0.005). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that participants with FA especially struggling with lack of confidence in FA issues and those following an uncontrolled, restrictive elimination diet are more prone to food aversion and ED than their healthy peers. Applied procedures are necessary, and their neglect is associated with FA deterioration; however, the possibility of ED and biopsychosocial implications development should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wróblewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Szyc
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Olsztyn, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Lidia Hanna Markiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Romaszko
- Non-Public Health Care Clinic “ATARAX”, Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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Schroeder LE, Leinninger GM. Role of central neurotensin in regulating feeding: Implications for the development and treatment of body weight disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:900-916. [PMID: 29288794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The peptide neurotensin (Nts) was discovered within the brain over 40years ago and is implicated in regulating analgesia, body temperature, blood pressure, locomotor activity and feeding. Recent evidence suggests, however, that these disparate processes may be controlled via specific populations of Nts neurons and receptors. The neuronal mediators of Nts anorectic action are now beginning to be understood, and, as such, modulating specific Nts pathways might be useful in treating feeding and body weight disorders. This review considers mechanisms through which Nts normally regulates feeding and how disruptions in Nts signaling might contribute to the disordered feeding and body weight of schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, anorexia nervosa, and obesity. Defining how Nts specifically mediates feeding vs. other aspects of physiology will inform the design of therapeutics that modify body weight without disrupting other important Nts-mediated physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Schroeder
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States.
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Yanai K, Yoshikawa T, Yanai A, Nakamura T, Iida T, Leurs R, Tashiro M. The clinical pharmacology of non-sedating antihistamines. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:148-156. [PMID: 28457804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported on brain H1 receptor occupancy measurements of antihistamines in human brain using [11C]doxepin and positron emission tomography (PET). We proposed the use of brain H1 receptor occupancy to classify antihistamines objectively into three categories of sedating, less-sedating, and non-sedating antihistamines according to their sedative effects. Non-sedating antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of allergies such as pollinosis and atopic dermatitis because of their low penetration into the central nervous system. Physicians and pharmacists are responsible for fully educating patients about the risks of sedating antihistamines from pharmacological points of view. If a sedating antihistamine must be prescribed, its sedative effects should be thoroughly considered before choosing the drug. Non-sedating antihistamines should be preferentially used whenever possible as most antihistamines are equally efficacious, while adverse effects of sedating antihistamines can be serious. This review summarizes the pharmacological properties of clinically useful non-sedating antihistamines from the perspective of histamine function in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ai Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Iida
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manabu Tashiro
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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17
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Liu Y, An S, Ward R, Yang Y, Guo XX, Li W, Xu TR. G protein-coupled receptors as promising cancer targets. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:226-39. [PMID: 27000991 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate an array of fundamental biological processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis. Specifically, GPCRs are involved in cancer initiation and progression. However, compared with the involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer, that of GPCRs have been largely ignored. Recent findings have implicated many GPCRs in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, GPCRs contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a microenvironment which is permissive for tumor formation and growth, including effects upon surrounding blood vessels, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix. Thus, GPCRs are considered to be among the most useful drug targets against many solid cancers. Development of selective ligands targeting GPCRs may provide novel and effective treatment strategies against cancer and some anticancer compounds are now in clinical trials. Here, we focus on tumor related GPCRs, such as G protein-coupled receptor 30, the lysophosphatidic acid receptor, angiotensin receptors 1 and 2, the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and gastrin releasing peptide receptor. We also summarize their tissue distributions, activation and roles in tumorigenesis and discuss the potential use of GPCR agonists and antagonists in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Richard Ward
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Li
- Kidney Cancer Research, Diagnosis and Translational Technology Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Yoshikawa T, Yanai K. Histamine Clearance Through Polyspecific Transporters in the Brain. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 241:173-187. [PMID: 27679412 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histamine plays an important role as a neurotransmitter in diverse brain functions, and clearance of histamine is essential to avoid excessive histaminergic neuronal activity. Histamine N-methyltransferase, which is an enzyme in the central nervous system that metabolizes histamine, is localized to the cytosol. This suggests that a histamine transport process is essential to inactivate histamine. Previous reports have shown the importance of astrocytes for histamine transport, although neuronal histamine transport could not be ruled out. High-affinity and selective histamine transporters have not yet been discovered, although it has been reported that the following three polyspecific transporters transport histamine: organic cation transporter (OCT) 2, OCT3, and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT). The K m values of human OCT2, OCT3, and PMAT are 0.54, 0.64, and 4.4 mM, respectively. The three transporters are expressed in the brain, and their regional distribution is different. Recent studies revealed the contribution of OCT3 and PMAT to histamine transport by primary human astrocytes. Several investigations using mice supported the importance of OCT3 for histamine clearance in the brain. However, further studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanism of histamine transport in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Treasure J, Zipfel S, Micali N, Wade T, Stice E, Claudino A, Schmidt U, Frank GK, Bulik CM, Wentz E. Anorexia nervosa. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015; 1:15074. [PMID: 27189821 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric condition characterized by severe weight loss and secondary problems associated with malnutrition. AN predominantly develops in adolescence in the peripubertal period. Without early effective treatment, the course is protracted with physical, psychological and social morbidity and high mortality. Despite these effects, patients are noted to value the beliefs and behaviours that contribute to their illness rather than regarding them as problematic, which interferes with screening, prevention and early intervention. Involving the family to support interventions early in the course of the illness can produce sustained changes; however, those with a severe and/or protracted illness might require inpatient nursing support and/or outpatient psychotherapy. Prevention programmes aim to moderate the overvaluation of 'thinness' and body dissatisfaction as one of the proximal risk factors. The low prevalence of AN limits the ability to identify risk factors and to study the timing and sex distribution of the condition. However, genetic profiles, premorbid features, and brain structures and functions of patients with AN show similarities with other psychiatric disorders and contrast with obesity and metabolic disorders. Such studies are informing approaches to address the neuroadaptation to starvation and the other various physical and psychosocial deficits associated with AN. This Primer describes the epidemiology, diagnosis, screening and prevention, aetiology, treatment and quality of life of patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Treasure
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Micali
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey Wade
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Angélica Claudino
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Guido K Frank
- Eating Disorder Centre of Denver, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Wentz
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
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Loy BD, O'Connor PJ. The effect of histamine on changes in mental energy and fatigue after a single bout of exercise. Physiol Behav 2015; 153:7-18. [PMID: 26482543 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine if histamine, acting on brain H1 receptors, influences changes in feelings of energy and fatigue or cognitive test performance after acute exercise. Women (n=20) with low vigor and high fatigue were administered the H1 antagonist drug doxepin hydrocholoride (6 mg) in tomato juice and tomato juice alone (placebo) in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over experiment before performing 30 min of light intensity cycling exercise and completing energy, fatigue, sleepiness, and motivation scales, and cognitive tasks. After exercise, mental fatigue increased for the doxepin condition (p=0.014) but not placebo (p=0.700), while mental energy decreased for both PLA and DOX (p<0.001) and cognitive task performance was unaffected. It is inferred that histamine binding to H1 receptors in the brain has a role in exercise-induced reductions in mental fatigue, but not increases in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Loy
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
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Histamine H1 receptor occupancy by the new-generation antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine: a positron emission tomography study in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3497-505. [PMID: 26146015 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Histamine H1 antagonists have hypnotic, appetite-promoting, and sedative side effects. Most second-generation antipsychotics have potent antagonistic effects on histamine H1 receptor (H1R). Positron emission tomography (PET) can measure the H1R occupancy (H1RO) in vivo, although there are no reports regarding antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES We studied the H1RO of olanzapine and quetiapine in vivo with respect to their plasma concentrations and subjective drowsiness by performing human PET imaging studies with [(11)C]doxepin, a potent PET ligand of H1R. METHODS Six healthy Japanese male volunteers were enrolled. Cross-randomized PET imaging was performed after a single oral administration of olanzapine (2.5 mg), quetiapine (25 mg), or placebo. PET data were analyzed by region of interest and voxel-by-voxel analysis. We concurrently measured plasma drug concentrations by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and evaluated subjective sleepiness. RESULTS The binding potential ratios of olanzapine and quetiapine in the cerebral cortex were significantly lower than that of the placebo. The H1RO values of olanzapine and quetiapine in the cortex were approximately 61-80 and 56-81%, respectively. The binding potential ratios of the drugs were significantly lower than that of the placebo in the dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, and anterior and posterior cingulate gyri. The H1RO values in the cortex were significantly correlated with subjective sleepiness but not plasma drug concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine and quetiapine have high H1RO values in the human brain under their clinical minimum doses. This study provides a foundation of the properties by which new-generation antipsychotics block the central histaminergic system in humans.
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Modulation of behavior by the histaminergic system: Lessons from H1R-and H2R-deficient mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:252-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang M, Wei X, Shi L, Chen B, Zhao G, Yang H. Integrative genomic analyses of the histamine H1 receptor and its role in cancer prediction. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1019-26. [PMID: 24535227 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) gene is located on chromosome 3p25 and encodes for a 487 amino acid G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a long third intracellular loop (IL3). The HRH1 predominantly couples to Gαq/11 proteins, leading to the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and subsequent release of the second messengers inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) followed by the activation of PKC and the release of [Ca2+]i. In the present study, we identified HRH1 genes from 14 vertebrate genomes and found that HRH1 exists in all types of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. We identified 88 SNPs including 4 available alleles disrupting an existing exonic splicing enhancer and 84 SNPs causing missense mutation, which may impact the effect of histamine on the HRH1 protein. We found that the human HRH1 gene was expressed in many tissues or organs, and predominant expression of HRH1 was shown in the bone marrow, whole blood, lymph node, thymus, brain, cerebellum, retina, spinal cord, heart, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, small intestine, colon, adipocytes, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, thyroid salivary gland, skin, ovary, uterus, placenta, prostate and testis. When searched in the PrognoScan database, human HRH1 was also found to be expressed in bladder cancer, blood cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, eye cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer and soft tissue cancer tissues. The relationship between the expression of HRH1 and prognosis was found to vary in different types of cancers, even in the same cancer from different databases. This implies that the function of HRH1 in these tumors may be multidimensional. GR, STAT5A and c-Myb regulatory transcription factor binding sites were identified in the HRH1 gene upstream (promoter) region, which may be involved in the effect of HRH1 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Lianghui Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P.R. China
| | - Guohai Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Histamine H₁ receptor occupancy by the new-generation antidepressants fluvoxamine and mirtazapine: a positron emission tomography study in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:227-34. [PMID: 23728612 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Histamine H₁ antagonists have hypnotic, appetite-promoting, and sedative effects. The affinities of various antidepressants for histamine receptors have only been partially determined in vitro and animal study. Positron emission tomography (PET) can clarify the in vivo dynamics of antidepressants at histamine receptors. OBJECTIVES We performed human PET imaging with [¹¹C]doxepin, a selective PET ligand of the histamine H₁ receptor (H₁R), to study the in vivo affinities of fluvoxamine and mirtazapine for the H₁R. METHODS The subjects were five male healthy Japanese volunteers. We performed cross-randomized PET imaging after single oral administration of fluvoxamine (25mg), mirtazapine (15 mg), or placebo. PET data were analyzed by region-of-interest and voxel-by-voxel analysis. We concurrently measured plasma drug concentrations, using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and subjective sleepiness. RESULTS The binding potential ratio of mirtazapine in brain cortex was significantly lower than that of fluvoxamine or placebo. Fluvoxamine did not occupy the H₁R, whereas H₁R occupancy (H₁RO) of mirtazapine reached 80-90 % in the cerebral neocortex. In the voxel-by-voxel analysis, the binding potential of mirtazapine was significantly lower than placebo in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. The H₁RO of mirtazapine depended on the plasma drug concentration (AUC(0-180 min)) and was related to subjective sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a low affinity of fluvoxamine and a very high affinity of mirtazapine for the human brain H₁R in vivo. This study provides a basis for investigating the efficacy of new-generation antidepressants in central histamine systems.
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Neuronal histaminergic system in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:603-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Funke U, Vugts DJ, Janssen B, Spaans A, Kruijer PS, Lammertsma AA, Perk LR, Windhorst AD. 11C-labeled and18F-labeled PET ligands for subtype-specific imaging of histamine receptors in the brain. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:120-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Bieneke Janssen
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Perry S. Kruijer
- BV Cyclotron VU; De Boelelaan 1081; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Lars R. Perk
- BV Cyclotron VU; De Boelelaan 1081; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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Yoshikawa T, Naganuma F, Iida T, Nakamura T, Harada R, Mohsen AS, Kasajima A, Sasano H, Yanai K. Molecular mechanism of histamine clearance by primary human astrocytes. Glia 2013; 61:905-16. [PMID: 23505051 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Histamine clearance is an essential process for avoiding excessive histaminergic neuronal activity. Previous studies using rodents revealed the predominant role of astrocytes in brain histamine clearance. However, the molecular mechanism of histamine clearance has remained unclear. We detected histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), a histamine-metabolizing enzyme, in primary human astrocytes and the astrocytes of human brain specimens. Immunocytochemical analysis and subcellular fractionation assays revealed that active HNMT localized to the cytosol, suggesting that histamine transport into the cytosol is crucial for histamine inactivation. We showed that primary human astrocytes transported histamine in a time-dependent manner. Kinetics analysis showed that two low-affinity transporters were involved in histamine transport. Histamine uptake by primary human astrocytes was not dependent on the extracellular Na(+) /Cl(-) concentration. Histamine is reported to be a substrate for three low-affinity and Na(+) /Cl(-) -independent transporters: organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), OCT3, and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT). RT-PCR analysis revealed that OCT3 and PMAT were expressed in primary human astrocytes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed OCT3 and PMAT expression in the astrocytes of human brain specimens. Drug inhibition assays and gene knockdown assays revealed the major contribution of PMAT and the minor contribution of OCT3 to histamine transport. The present study demonstrates for the first time that the molecular mechanism of histamine clearance is by primary human astrocytes. These findings might indicate that PMAT, OCT3 and HNMT in human astrocytes play a role in the regulation of extraneuronal histamine concentration and the activities of histaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Torrealba F, Riveros ME, Contreras M, Valdes JL. Histamine and motivation. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:51. [PMID: 22783171 PMCID: PMC3389384 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain histamine may affect a variety of different behavioral and physiological functions; however, its role in promoting wakefulness has overshadowed its other important functions. Here, we review evidence indicating that brain histamine plays a central role in motivation and emphasize its differential involvement in the appetitive and consummatory phases of motivated behaviors. We discuss the inputs that control histaminergic neurons of the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) of the hypothalamus, which determine the distinct role of these neurons in appetitive behavior, sleep/wake cycles, and food anticipatory responses. Moreover, we review evidence supporting the dysfunction of histaminergic neurons and the cortical input of histamine in regulating specific forms of decreased motivation (apathy). In addition, we discuss the relationship between the histamine system and drug addiction in the context of motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torrealba
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Shibuya K, Funaki Y, Hiraoka K, Yoshikawa T, Naganuma F, Miyake M, Watanuki S, Sato H, Tashiro M, Yanai K. [(11)C]Doxepin binding to histamine H1 receptors in living human brain: reproducibility during attentive waking and circadian rhythm. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:45. [PMID: 22701403 PMCID: PMC3371597 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging in neuroscience is a new research field that enables visualization of the impact of molecular events on brain structure and function in humans. While magnetic resonance-based imaging techniques can provide complex information at the level of system, positron emission tomography (PET) enables determination of the distribution and density of receptor and enzyme in the human brain. Previous studies using [(11)C]raclopride and [(11)C]FLB457 revealed that the release of neuronal dopamine was increased in human brain by psychostimulants or reward stimuli. Following on from these previous [(11)C]raclopride studies, we examined whether the levels of neuronal release of histamine might change [(11)C]doxepin binding to the H1 receptors under the influence of physiological stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of quantitative measurement of [(11)C]doxepin binding between morning and afternoon and between resting and attentive waking conditions in healthy human subjects. There was a trend for a decrease in [(11)C]doxepin binding during attentive calculation tasks compared with that in resting conditions, but the difference (less than 10%) was not significant. Similarly, the binding potential of [(11)C]doxepin in the cerebral cortex was slightly higher in the morning than that in the afternoon, but it was also insignificant. These data suggest that higher histamine release during wakefulness could not decrease the [(11)C]doxepin binding in the brain. This study confirmed the reproducibility and reliability of [(11)C]doxepin in the previous imaging studies to measure the H1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Shibuya
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai, Japan
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Kang JA, Lee K, Lee KM, Cho S, Seo J, Hur EM, Park CS, Baik JH, Choi SY. Desipramine inhibits histamine H1 receptor-induced Ca2+ signaling in rat hypothalamic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36185. [PMID: 22563449 PMCID: PMC3338593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus in the brain is the main center for appetite control and integrates signals from adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract. Antidepressants are known to modulate the activities of hypothalamic neurons and affect food intake, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which antidepressants modulate hypothalamic function remain unclear. Here we have investigated how hypothalamic neurons respond to treatment with antidepressants, including desipramine and sibutramine. In primary cultured rat hypothalamic cells, desipramine markedly suppressed the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) evoked by histamine H1 receptor activation. Desipramine also inhibited the histamine-induced Ca(2+) increase and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic GT1-1 cells. The effect of desipramine was not affected by pretreatment with prazosin or propranolol, excluding catecholamine reuptake activity of desipramine as an underlying mechanism. Sibutramine which is also an antidepressant but decreases food intake, had little effect on the histamine-induced Ca(2+) increase or AMP-activated protein kinase activity. Our results reveal that desipramine and sibutramine have different effects on histamine H1 receptor signaling in hypothalamic cells and suggest that distinct regulation of hypothalamic histamine signaling might underlie the differential regulation of food intake between antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ah Kang
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Keimin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Min Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhee Cho
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Hur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chul-Seung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Gérard N, Pieters G, Goffin K, Bormans G, Van Laere K. Brain type 1 cannabinoid receptor availability in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:777-784. [PMID: 21718968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid system is a possible target in the treatment of eating disorders. We used positron emission tomography to investigate the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in bulimic and anorectic patients. METHODS We investigated 16 female bulimia nervosa patients (BN) (age = 23.8 ± 7.1 years) and 14 female anorexia nervosa patients (AN) (age = 20.5 ± 3.6 years) using the selective CB1R ligand [(18)F]MK-9470. The control group consisted of 19 age-matched women (age = 25.2 ± 8.5 years). Statistical parametric mapping (p(family-wise error) < .05) and volume-of-interest analyses of CB1R availability were performed. RESULTS Global CB1R availability was significantly increased in cortical and subcortical brain areas in AN patients compared with healthy control subjects (+24.5%, p = .0003). Regionally, CB1R availability was increased in the insula in both AN and BN patients (p = .01 and p = .0004) and the inferior frontal and temporal cortex in AN patients only (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Global CB1R upregulation in AN patients is a possible long-term compensatory mechanism to an underactive endocannabinoid system in anorectic conditions. There is a similarity in CB1R dysregulation both in AN and BN in the insular cortex, which is involved in the integration of interoceptive information, gustatory information, reward, and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gérard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guido Pieters
- University Psychiatric Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Eating Disorder Clinic Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Karolien Goffin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Effects of simvastatin and 6-hydroxydopamine on histaminergic H1 receptor binding density in rat brains. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1419-25. [PMID: 20713116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Statins have been widely used for the treatment of a variety of medical conditions including psychoneurological disorders beyond their original use in lowering cholesterol. Histamine receptors play an important role in the regulation of neural activity, however, it is unknown whether statins act on histamine receptors, particularly for their neural regulatory effects. This study examined the effects of simvastatin and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions on histamine H1 receptors using [(3)H] pyrilamine binding autoradiography. Compared to the saline group, simvastatin (1 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased H1 receptor bindings in the primary motor cortex (M1), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), caudate putamen (CPu), accumbens core (AcbC) and prefrontal cortex (PfC) (all p<0.05); however 10 mg/kg/day simvastatin increased H1 receptor density only in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (Mep) (p<0.05), but had no significant effect in other regions examined. The 6-OHDA lesion did not alter H1 receptor binding density in most brain areas, except a trend decrease in the hippocampus (p=0.07) and a trend increase in the cingulate cortex (p=0.06). These results suggested that simvastatin has different effects on the H1 receptors in different rat brain regions depending on the doses. Therefore, simvastatin can modulate histaminergic neurotransmission in the brain, and support the role of H1 receptors in psychoneurological disorders.
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