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Zhang W, Jin Y, Zhou FM. Chronic fluoxetine treatment desensitizes serotoninergic inhibition of GABA inputs and the intrinsic excitability of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592963. [PMID: 38766100 PMCID: PMC11100661 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dorsal raphe serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons are spontaneously active and release 5-HT that is critical to normal brain function such mood and emotion. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase the synaptic and extracellular 5-HT level and are effective in treating depression. Treatment of two weeks or longer is often required for SSRIs to exert clinical benefits. The cellular mechanism underlying this delay was not fully understood. Here we show that the GABAergic inputs inhibit the spike firing of raphe 5-HT neurons; this GABAergic regulation was reduced by 5-HT, which was prevented by G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (Girk) channel inhibitor tertiapin-Q, indicating a contribution of 5-HT activation of Girk channels in GABAergic presynaptic axon terminals. Equally important, after 14 days of treatment of fluoxetine, a widely used SSRI type antidepressant, this 5-HT inhibition of GABAergic inputs was substantially downregulated. Furthermore, the chronic fluoxetine treatment substantially downregulated the 5-HT activation of the inhibitory Girk current in 5-HT neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic fluoxetine administration, by blocking 5-HT reuptake and hence increasing the extracellular 5-HT level, can downregulate the function of 5-HT1B receptors on the GABAergic afferent axon terminals synapsing onto 5-HT neurons, allowing extrinsic, behaviorally important GABA neurons to more effectively influence 5-HT neurons; simultaneously, chronic fluoxetine treatment also downregulate somatic 5-HT autoreceptor-activated Girk channel-mediated hyperpolarization and decrease in input resistance and intrinsic excitability, rendering 5-HT neurons resistant to autoinhibition and leading to increased 5-HT neuron activity, potentially contributing to the antidepressant effect of SSRIs.
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2
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Li R, Jin L, Hao K, Rong J, Duan H, Du Y, Yao L, Xiang D, Liu Z. Environmental enrichment attenuates depressive-like behavior in maternal rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis and promoting neuroplasticity. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100624. [PMID: 38524250 PMCID: PMC10958482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational stress can exacerbate postpartum depression (PPD), for which treatment options remain limited. Environmental enrichment (EE) may be a therapeutic intervention for neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, but the specific mechanisms by which EE might impact PPD remain unknown. Here we examined the behavioral, molecular, and cellular impact of EE in a stable PPD model in rats developed through maternal separation (MS). Maternal rats subjected to MS developed depression-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction together with evidence of significant neuroinflammation including microglia activation, neuronal apoptosis, and impaired synaptic plasticity. Expanding the duration of EE to throughout pregnancy and lactation, we observed an EE-associated reversal of MS-induced depressive phenotypes, inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and improvement in synaptic plasticity in maternal rats. Thus, EE effectively alleviates neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, damage to synaptic plasticity, and consequent depression-like behavior in mother rats experiencing MS-induced PPD, paving the way for new preventive and therapeutic strategies for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liuyin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keke Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jingtong Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Halicka K, Meloni F, Czok M, Spychalska K, Baluta S, Malecha K, Pilo MI, Cabaj J. New Trends in Fluorescent Nanomaterials-Based Bio/Chemical Sensors for Neurohormones Detection-A Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33749-33768. [PMID: 36188279 PMCID: PMC9520559 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study of neurotransmitters and stress hormones allows the determination of indicators of the current stress load in the body. These species also create a proper strategy of stress protection. Nowadays, stress is a general factor that affects the population, and it may cause a wide range of serious disorders. Abnormalities in the level of neurohormones, caused by chronic psychological stress, can occur in, for instance, corporate employees, health care workers, shift workers, policemen, or firefighters. Here we present a new nanomaterials-based sensors technology development for the determination of neurohormones. We focus on fluorescent sensors/biosensors that utilize nanomaterials, such as quantum dots or carbon nanomaterials. Nanomaterials, owing to their diversity in size and shape, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing or bioimaging. They possess unique properties, such as fluorescent, electronic, or photoluminescent features. In this Review, we summarize new trends in adopting nanomaterials for applications in fluorescent sensors for neurohormone monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Halicka
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Meloni
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mateusz Czok
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Spychalska
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Baluta
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karol Malecha
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria I. Pilo
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Popova NK, Tsybko AS, Naumenko VS. The Implication of 5-HT Receptor Family Members in Aggression, Depression and Suicide: Similarity and Difference. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158814. [PMID: 35955946 PMCID: PMC9369404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being different multifactorial forms of psychopathology, aggression, depression and suicidal behavior, which is considered to be violent aggression directed against the self, have principal neurobiological links: preclinical and clinical evidence associates depression, aggression and suicidal behavior with dysregulation in central serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. The implication of different types of 5-HT receptors in the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of aggression, depression and suicidality has been well recognized. In this review, we consider and compare the orchestra of 5-HT receptors involved in these severe psychopathologies. Specifically, it concentrates on the role of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptors in the mechanisms underlying the predisposition to aggression, depression and suicidal behavior. The review provides converging lines of evidence that: (1) depression-related 5-HT receptors include those receptors with pro-depressive properties (5-HT2A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7) as well as those providing an antidepressant effect (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C subtypes). (2) Aggression-related 5-HT receptors are identical to depression-related 5-HT receptors with the exception of 5-HT7 receptors. Activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors attenuate aggressiveness, whereas agonists of 5-HT3 intensify aggressive behavior.
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5
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Veldman ER, Varrone A, Varnäs K, Svedberg MM, Cselényi Z, Tiger M, Gulyás B, Halldin C, Lundberg J. Serotonin 1B receptor density mapping of the human brainstem using positron emission tomography and autoradiography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:630-641. [PMID: 34644198 PMCID: PMC8943614 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211049185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor has lately received considerable interest in relation to psychiatric and neurological diseases, partly due to findings based on quantification using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Although the brainstem is an important structure in this regard, PET radioligand binding quantification in brainstem areas often shows poor reliability. This study aims to improve PET quantification of 5-HT1B receptor binding in the brainstem.Volumes of interest (VOIs) were selected based on a 3D [3H]AZ10419369 Autoradiography brainstem model, which visualized 5-HT1B receptor distribution in high resolution. Two previously developed VOI delineation methods were tested and compared to a conventional manual method. For a method based on template data, a [11C]AZ10419369 PET template was created by averaging parametric binding potential (BPND) images of 52 healthy subjects. VOIs were generated based on a predefined volume and BPND thresholding and subsequently applied to test-retest [11C]AZ10419369 parametric BPND images of 8 healthy subjects. For a method based on individual subject data, VOIs were generated directly on each individual parametric image.Both methods showed improved reliability compared to a conventional manual VOI. The VOIs created with [11C]AZ10419369 template data can be automatically applied to future PET studies measuring 5-HT1B receptor binding in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Veldman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie M Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Tiger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dorsal Raphe 5-HT Neurons Utilize, But Do Not Generate, Negative Aversive Prediction Errors. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0132-21.2022. [PMID: 35078807 PMCID: PMC8868025 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0132-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains the largest population of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the central nervous system. 5-HT, synthesized via tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), is a widely functioning neuromodulator implicated in fear learning. Here, we sought to investigate whether DRN 5-HT is necessary to reduce fear via negative prediction error (–PE). Using male and female TPH2-cre rats, DRNtph2+ cells were selectively deleted via cre-caspase (rAAV5-Flex-taCasp3-TEVp) in experiment 1. Rats then underwent fear discrimination during which three cues were associated with unique foot shock probabilities: safety p = 0.00, uncertainty p = 0.375, and danger p = 1.00. Rats then received selective extinction to the uncertainty cue, a behavioral manipulation designed to probe –PE. Deleting DRNtph2+ cells had no impact on initial discrimination but slowed selective extinction. In experiment 2, we used a within-subjects optogenetic inhibition design to causally implicate DRNtph2+ cells in prediction error signaling. Male and female TPH2-cre rats received intra-DRN infusions of cre-dependent halorhodopsin (rAAV5-Ef1a-DIO-eNpHR3.0-eYFP) or cre-YFP. DRNtph2+ cells were inhibited specifically during the time of prediction error or a control period. Illumination during either positive prediction error (+PE) or control periods had no impact on fear to the uncertainty cue. Inhibition of DRNtph2+ cells at the time of –PE did not impact immediate fear, but facilitated selective extinction in postillumination sessions. Together, these results demonstrate a role for DRNtph2+ cells in using, but not generating, –PE to weaken cue-shock associations.
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7
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Abbas A, Sauder C, Yadav V, Koesmahargyo V, Aghjayan A, Marecki S, Evans M, Galatzer-Levy IR. Remote Digital Measurement of Facial and Vocal Markers of Major Depressive Disorder Severity and Treatment Response: A Pilot Study. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:610006. [PMID: 34713091 PMCID: PMC8521884 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.610006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Multiple machine learning-based visual and auditory digital markers have demonstrated associations between major depressive disorder (MDD) status and severity. The current study examines if such measurements can quantify response to antidepressant treatment (ADT) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine uptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Methods: Visual and auditory markers were acquired through an automated smartphone task that measures facial, vocal, and head movement characteristics across 4 weeks of treatment (with time points at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks) on ADT (n = 18). MDD diagnosis was confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was collected concordantly to assess changes in MDD severity. Results: Patient responses to ADT demonstrated clinically and statistically significant changes in the MADRS [F (2, 34) = 51.62, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, patients demonstrated significant increases in multiple digital markers including facial expressivity, head movement, and amount of speech. Finally, patients demonstrated significantly decreased frequency of fear and anger facial expressions. Conclusion: Digital markers associated with MDD demonstrate validity as measures of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Sauder
- Adams Clinical, Watertown, MA, United States
- Karuna Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy
- AiCure, New York, NY, United States
- Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Lin LL, Li HP, Yang JW, Hao XW, Yan SY, Wang LQ, Yu FT, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Acupuncture for Psychological Disorders Caused by Chronic Pain: A Review and Future Directions. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:626497. [PMID: 33584181 PMCID: PMC7873369 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.626497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports an association between chronic pain and psychological disorders, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Treating both the pain and psychological conditions together is essential for effective treatment outcomes. Acupuncture is a somatosensory-guided mind-body therapy that can tackle the multidimensional nature of pain with fewer or no serious adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the use of acupuncture in some conditions with a high incidence of psychological disorders caused by chronic pain: headache, musculoskeletal pain, low back pain, and cancer pain, focusing on the effect and potential mechanisms of acupuncture. Overall clinical studies indicated that acupuncture might effectively contribute to management of psychological disorders caused by chronic pain. Mechanistic studies showed that acupuncture significantly alleviated such psychological disorders by regulating the activity of amygdala and insula, and regulating functional connectivity of insular and limbic regions/medial prefrontal cortex in humans and the corresponding animal models. In addition, 5-HT in the dorsal raphe nucleus, opioid receptors in the cingulate cortex, and plasma met-enkephalin are involved in acupuncture relief of pain and psychological symptoms. Substantial evidences from animal and human research support a beneficial effect of acupuncture in psychological disorders caused by chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Lin
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ping Li
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Hao
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yan Yan
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ting Yu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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The Interpeduncular-Ventral Hippocampus Pathway Mediates Active Stress Coping and Natural Reward. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0191-20.2020. [PMID: 33139320 PMCID: PMC7688303 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0191-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive stress-related behaviors are integral to multiple complex psychiatric disorders, and it has been well established that serotonergic signaling mediates various aspects of these maladaptive states. In these studies, we sought to uncover the function of a previously undefined serotonergic pathway, which projects from the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) to the ventral hippocampus (vHipp). Intersectional retrograde and chemogenetic viral manipulation strategies were employed to manipulate the function of the IPN-vHipp pathway during a variety of behavioral measures in male mice. We found a significant effect of circuit inhibition on behaviors associated with coping strategies and natural reward. Specifically, inhibition of the IPN-vHipp pathway dramatically increased active stress-induced escape behaviors, in addition to moderately affecting sucrose consumption and food self-administration. During inhibition of this pathway, agonist activation of serotonergic 5-HT2A/2C receptors in the vHipp reversed the effects of IPN-vHipp circuit inhibition on active escape behaviors, thereby supporting the synaptic mechanism underlying the behavioral effects evidenced. IPN-vHipp inhibition did not induce differences in generalized locomotion, anxiety-associated behavior, and intravenous nicotine self-administration. Importantly, these findings are in opposition to the canonical understanding of serotonin in such escape behaviors, indicating that serotonin exerts opposing effects on behavior in a pathway-specific manner in the brain. Taken together, these findings thereby have important implications for our understanding of serotonergic signaling and associated therapeutic approaches for the treatment of disease symptomology.
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Dou H, Lei Y, Cheng X, Wang J, Leppänen P. Social exclusion influences conditioned fear acquisition and generalization: A mediating effect from the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116735. [PMID: 32251834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear acquisition and generalization play key roles in promoting the survival of mammals and contribute to anxiety disorders. While previous research has provided much evidence for the repercussions of social exclusion on mental health, how social exclusion affects fear acquisition and generalization has received scant attention. In our study, participants were divided into two groups according to two Cyberball paradigm conditions (exclusion/inclusion). Both groups underwent a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and skin conductance response (SCR) assessments. We aimed to determine the effects of social exclusion on fear acquisition and generalization and whether modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediates this relationship. Our results showed that socially excluded participants featured significantly higher and lower shock risk scores to safety stimuli (conditioned stimulus, CS-) and threatening stimuli (CS+), respectively, than did socially included subjects during fear acquisition. The exclusion group had increased skin conductance responses (SCRs) to CS and exhibited heightened shock risk and increased SCRs to generalized stimuli compared with the inclusion group. The fNIRS results demonstrated that the CS + evoked larger oxy-Hb changes in the mPFC in the inclusion group than in the exclusion group during fear acquisition. Furthermore, the oxy-Hb of left mPFC of CS + mediated the effect on the association between social exclusion and perceived risk of CS+ in the fear acquisition. Our results indicate that social exclusion impairs fear acquisition and generalization via the mediation of the mPFC and that social exclusion increases susceptibility to anxiety disorders through bias processing of fear discrimination in fear acquisition and generalization. By studying the role of social relationship in fear acquisition and generalization, our research provides new insights into the pathological mechanisms of anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dou
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, 610068, China; College of Psychology and Society, University of Shenzhen, 518067, China; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Y Lei
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, 610068, China; College of Psychology and Society, University of Shenzhen, 518067, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - X Cheng
- College of Psychology and Society, University of Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - J Wang
- College of Psychology and Society, University of Shenzhen, 518067, China; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Pht Leppänen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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11
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Jeong I, Kim E, Seong JY, Park HC. Overexpression of Spexin 1 in the Dorsal Habenula Reduces Anxiety in Zebrafish. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:53. [PMID: 31474838 PMCID: PMC6702259 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide that is expressed in the mammalian brain and peripheral tissue. Two orthologs are present in the teleost, SPX1 and SPX2. SPX1 is involved in reproduction and food intake. Recently, SPX1 neurons have been found to be located in the specific nuclei of dorsal habenula (dHb) and to project into the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), in which galanin receptor 2a/2b (GALR2a/2b) expression was also observed. This indicates that habenula SPX1 neurons may interact with GALR2a/2b in the IPN; however, the function of SPX1 in the dHb-IPN neuronal circuit remains unknown. To determine the role of SPX1 in the dHb-IPN neural circuit, we generated transgenic zebrafish overexpressing SPX1 specifically in the dHb. We found that transgenic zebrafish overexpressing SPX1 in the dHb had anxiolytic behaviors compared with their wildtype siblings. Furthermore, quantitative PCR revealed that mRNA expression of galr2a and galr2b in the IPN and serotonin-related genes in the raphe was upregulated in the brains of transgenic zebrafish. Taken together, our data suggest that SPX1 function in the dHb-IPN neural circuits is implicated in the regulation of anxiety behaviors via modulation of the serotoninergic system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
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12
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Liu Y, Gibson AW, Levinstein MR, Lesiak AJ, Ong SE, Neumaier JF. 5-HT 1B Receptor-Mediated Activation of ERK1/2 Requires Both Gα i/o and β-Arrestin Proteins. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3143-3153. [PMID: 30946562 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
5-HT1B receptors modulate synaptic serotonin (5-HT) levels and play a significant role in the regulation of emotional behaviors. These receptors are Gαi/o-coupled and inhibit adenylyl cyclase but have also been reported to activate MAP kinases; however, the details of signaling cascades downstream of 5-HT1B receptor activation remain unclear, particularly in neuronal cells. We generated a stable 5-HT1B receptor-expressing Neuro2A (N2A-1B) neuronal cell line and demonstrate that activation of these receptors by the selective 5-HT1B agonist CP-94253 results in activation of ERK1/2 but not of other closely related MAP kinases. Phosphoproteomics revealed four novel phosphorylation sites on the third intracellular loop of the 5-HT1B receptor, and mutations of serine-256 and serine-291 to alanine led to reduced levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation following receptor activation. Inhibition of Gαi/o signaling with pertussis toxin, as well as MEK1/2 inhibition with U0126, also reduced 5-HT1B-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Finally, we found that knockout of either β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 prevented 5-HT1B-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Taken together, these results show that 5-HT1B receptor activation selectively induces ERK1/2 activation through both the Gαi subunit and β-arrestin proteins. This work elucidates the signal transduction pathway of 5-HT1B receptors, as well as key phosphorylation sites within the receptor that modulate ERK1/2 activation, and further characterizes the intracellular mechanisms that underlie 5-HT1B receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Alec W. Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Marjorie R. Levinstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Atom J. Lesiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - John F. Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
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13
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Lu X. Mn2+ doped ZnS QDs modified fluorescence sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer/sol-gel chemistry for detection of Serotonin. Talanta 2018; 190:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Han C, Li F, Tian S, Liu Y, Xiao H, Wu X, Zhang W, Zhang W, Mao M. Beneficial effect of compound essential oil inhalation on central fatigue. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:309. [PMID: 30477490 PMCID: PMC6260882 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Although the physical and mental enhancement effect of essential oils have been proved, the beneficial effect of essential oil in central fatigue remains unclear. In this study, we extracted essential oils from nine aromatic plants to make a compound essential oil, and detected the therapeutic effect of central fatigue by daily aerial diffusion. Methods Thirty-three rats were randomly and equally divided into control group, chronic sleep deprivation group, and compound essential oil inhalation group. Central fatigue was generated by chronic sleep deprivation. Results After 21-day various interferences, it is found that the sleep deprivation rats showed an evident decrease in physical endurance, negative emotion, and cognitive dysfunction compared with the control group, and the group that treated with the compound essential oil behaved significantly better than central fatigue group. Conclusion We concluded that this formula of essential oils could alleviate central fatigue on rats, and our study provides a new direction of application of aromatic therapy, which could be expanded to insomnia, depression and other healthy issue in the further research.
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15
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5-HT 1B receptor agonist CGS12066 presynaptically inhibits glutamate release in rat hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:122-130. [PMID: 29803926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CGS12066, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptor agonist, has been reported to exhibit antidepressant activity. Considering that glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in depression, the effect of CGS12066 on glutamate release in rat hippocampal nerve terminals and possible underlying mechanism were investigated. We observed that CGS12066 inhibited 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked glutamate release, and that a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist blocked this inhibition. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of presynaptic 5-HT1B receptor proteins. CGS12066-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was completely abolished in the synaptosomes pretreated with inhibitors of Gi/Go-protein, adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein kinase A (PKA), namely pertussis toxin, MDL12330A, and H89, respectively. CGS12066 reduced the elevation of 4-AP-evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ and cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, but did not affect the synaptosomal membrane potential. Furthermore, in the presence of ω-conotoxin MVIIC, a N- and P/Q-type channel blocker, CGS12066-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was markedly reduced; however, the intracellular Ca2+-release inhibitors dantrolene and CGP37157 did not affect the CGS12066 effect. Furthermore, CGS12066 reduced glutamatergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency but did not affect mEPSC amplitude or glutamate-activated currents in hippocampal slices. Our data are the first to suggest that CGS12066 reduces AC/cAMP/PKA activation, through the activation of Gi/Go protein-coupled 5-HT1B receptors present on hippocampal nerve terminals, subsequently reducing Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and reducing 4-AP-evoked glutamate release. This investigation into the role of 5-HT1B receptors in glutamate release provides crucial information regarding the potential therapeutic role of 5-HT1B receptors for treating depression.
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16
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Chleilat E, Skatulla L, Rahhal B, Hussein MT, Feuerstein M, Krieglstein K, Roussa E. TGF-β Signaling Regulates Development of Midbrain Dopaminergic and Hindbrain Serotonergic Neuron Subgroups. Neuroscience 2018; 381:124-137. [PMID: 29689292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and functional diversity within midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) and hindbrain serotonergic (5-HT) neurons has emerged as a relevant feature that could underlie selective vulnerability of neurons in clinical disorders. We have investigated the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) during development of mDA and 5-HT subgroups. We have generated TβRIIflox/flox::En1cre/+ mice where type II TGF-β receptor is conditionally deleted from engrailed 1-expressing cells and have investigated the hindbrain serotonergic system of these mice together with Tgf-β2-/- mice. The results show a significant decrease in the number of 5-HT neurons in TGF-β2-deficient mice at embryonic day (E) 12 and a selective significant decrease in the hindbrain paramedian raphe 5-HT neurons at E18, compared to wild type. Moreover, conditional deletion of TGF-β signaling from midbrain and rhombomere 1 leads to inactive TGF-β signaling in cre-expressing cells, impaired development of mouse mDA neuron subgroups and of dorsal raphe 5-HT neuron subgroups in a temporal manner. These results highlight a selective growth factor dependency of individual rostral hindbrain serotonergic subpopulations, emphasize the impact of TGF-β signaling during development of mDA and 5-HT subgroups, and suggest TGF-βs as potent candidates to establish diversity within the hindbrain serotonergic system. Thus, the data contribute to a better understanding of development and degeneration of mDA neurons and 5-HT-associated clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enaam Chleilat
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Skatulla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Belal Rahhal
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Manal T Hussein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Melanie Feuerstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Krieglstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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CK2 regulates 5-HT4 receptor signaling and modulates depressive-like behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:872-882. [PMID: 29158580 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic neurotransmitter system has been widely implicated in the pathophysiology of mood-related disorders such as anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD). The onset of therapeutic efficacy of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks. The 5-HT4 receptor has emerged as a new therapeutic target since agonists of this receptor induce rapid antidepressant-like responses in rodents. Here we show that the 5-HT4 receptor is regulated by CK2, at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We present evidence, in two different CK2α knockout mouse lines, that this regulation is region-specific, with the 5-HT4 receptor upregulated in prefrontal cortex (PFC) but not striatum or hippocampus where CK2α is also ablated. 5-HT4 receptor signaling is enhanced in vitro, as evidenced by enhanced cAMP production or receptor plasma membrane localization in the presence of CK2 inhibitor or shRNA targeting CK2α. In vivo, 5-HT4 receptor signaling is also upregulated since ERK activation is elevated and sensitive to the inverse agonist, GR113808 in the PFC of CK2α KO mice. Behaviorally, KO mice as well as mice with AAV-mediated deletion of CK2α in the PFC show a robust 'anti-depressed-like' phenotype and display an enhanced response to antidepressant treatment when tested in paradigms for mood and anxiety. Importantly, it is sufficient to overexpress the 5-HT4 receptor in the mPFC to generate mice with a similar 'anti-depressed-like' phenotype. Our findings identify the mPFC as the region that mediates the effect of enhanced 5-HT4 receptor activity and CK2 as modulator of 5-HT4 receptor levels in this brain region that regulates mood-related phenotypes.
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18
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Tangen Ä, Borg J, Tiger M, Varnäs K, Sorjonen K, Lindefors N, Halldin C, Lundberg J. Associations between cognition and serotonin receptor 1B binding in patients with major depressive disorder - A pilot study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 267:15-21. [PMID: 28688337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ämma Tangen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Tiger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Divison of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Lindefors
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
Depression is a polygenic and highly complex psychiatric disorder that remains a major burden on society. Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that links serotonin and serotonin receptors to the etiology of depression and the mechanisms underlying response to antidepressant treatment. We will then revisit the role of serotonin in three distinct hypotheses that have been proposed over the last several decades to explain the pathophysiology of depression: the monoamine, neurotrophic, and neurogenic hypotheses. Finally, we will discuss how recent studies into serotonin receptors have implicated specific neural circuitry in mediating the antidepressant response, with a focus being placed on the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Yohn
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Area, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Room 215, Piscataway, NJ, 08816, USA
| | - Mark M Gergues
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Area, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Room 215, Piscataway, NJ, 08816, USA
| | - Benjamin Adam Samuels
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Area, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Room 215, Piscataway, NJ, 08816, USA.
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20
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Huang L, Yuan T, Tan M, Xi Y, Hu Y, Tao Q, Zhao Z, Zheng J, Han Y, Xu F, Luo M, Sollars PJ, Pu M, Pickard GE, So KF, Ren C. A retinoraphe projection regulates serotonergic activity and looming-evoked defensive behaviour. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14908. [PMID: 28361990 PMCID: PMC5381010 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals promote their survival by avoiding rapidly approaching objects that indicate threats. In mice, looming-evoked defensive responses are triggered by the superior colliculus (SC) which receives direct retinal inputs. However, the specific neural circuits that begin in the retina and mediate this important behaviour remain unclear. Here we identify a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that controls mouse looming-evoked defensive responses through axonal collaterals to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and SC. Looming signals transmitted by DRN-projecting RGCs activate DRN GABAergic neurons that in turn inhibit serotoninergic neurons. Moreover, activation of DRN serotoninergic neurons reduces looming-evoked defensive behaviours. Thus, a dedicated population of RGCs signals rapidly approaching visual threats and their input to the DRN controls a serotonergic self-gating mechanism that regulates innate defensive responses. Our study provides new insights into how the DRN and SC work in concert to extract and translate visual threats into defensive behavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Minjie Tan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiajun Zheng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yushui Han
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science, Park 7 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Patricia J Sollars
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Mingliang Pu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gary E Pickard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chaoran Ren
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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21
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Nautiyal KM, Tritschler L, Ahmari SE, David DJ, Gardier AM, Hen R. A Lack of Serotonin 1B Autoreceptors Results in Decreased Anxiety and Depression-Related Behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2941-2950. [PMID: 27353308 PMCID: PMC5061886 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of serotonin (5-HT) on anxiety and depression are mediated by a number of 5-HT receptors, including autoreceptors that act to inhibit 5-HT release. While the majority of anxiety and depression-related research has focused on the 5-HT1A receptor, the 5-HT1B receptor has a lesser known role in modulating emotional behavior. 5-HT1B receptors are inhibitory GPCRs located on the presynaptic terminal of both serotonin and non-serotonin neurons, where they act to inhibit neurotransmitter release. The autoreceptor population located on the axon terminals of 5-HT neurons is a difficult population to study due to their diffuse localization throughout the brain that overlaps with 5-HT1B heteroreceptors (receptors located on non-serotonergic neurons). In order to study the contribution of 5-HT1B autoreceptors to anxiety and depression-related behaviors, we developed a genetic mouse model that allows for selective ablation of 5-HT1B autoreceptors. Mice lacking 5-HT1B autoreceptors displayed the expected increases in extracellular serotonin levels in the ventral hippocampus following administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In behavioral studies, they displayed decreased anxiety-like behavior in the open field and antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim and sucrose preference tests. These results suggest that strategies aimed at blocking 5-HT1B autoreceptors may be useful for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nautiyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Tritschler
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, Center for Neuroscience Program, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, P.I. Annex 731, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, New York, NY 10032-2695, USA, Tel: +1 646 774 7108, Fax: +1 646 774 7102, E-mail:
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22
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Orsolini L, Tomasetti C, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Buonaguro EF, Vellante F, Fornaro M, Fiengo A, Mazza M, Vecchiotti R, Perna G, de Bartolomeis A, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M, De Berardis D. New advances in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:483-95. [PMID: 27050932 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1173545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a persistent condition characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, mainly comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Currently, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatment of GAD. However, some patients may not respond to the treatment or discontinue due to adverse effects. Vortioxetine (VRX) is a multimodal antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action, by acting as 5-HT3A, 5-HT1D and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, partial agonist at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and inhibitor at the 5-HT transporter. Preliminary clinical trials showed contrasting findings in terms of improvement of the anxiety symptomatology and/or cognitive impairment. Here, we aim to systematically review the evidence currently available on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of VRX in the treatment of GAD. The generalizability of results on the efficacy of VRX in patients with anxiety symptomatology and GAD is limited due to few and contrasting RCTs so far available. Only two studies, of which one prevention relapse trial, reported a significant improvement in anxiety symptomatology compared to three with negative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- a School of Life and Medical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield , UK.,b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital , Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.,c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,e NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'Maria SS dello Splendore' , Giulianova , Italy.,f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital , Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.,c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini' , Teramo , Italy.,h Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , University 'G. d'Annunzio' , Chieti , Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | | | - Monica Mazza
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,j Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Roberta Vecchiotti
- b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital , Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.,c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,k Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Villa San Benedetto Menni , Albese con Cassano , Como , Italy.,l Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida , USA
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II' , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | | | - Domenico De Berardis
- c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.,g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini' , Teramo , Italy.,i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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23
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Abstract
The hippocampus plays an important role in emotional and cognitive processing, and both of these domains are affected in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Extensive preclinical research and the notion that modulation of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission plays a key role in the therapeutic efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) support the view that 5-HT is important for hippocampal function in normal and disease-like conditions. The hippocampus is densely innervated by serotonergic fibers, and the majority of 5-HT receptor subtypes are expressed there. Furthermore, hippocampal cells often co-express multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes that can have either complementary or opposing effects on cell function, adding to the complexity of 5-HT neurotransmission. Here we review the current knowledge of how 5-HT, through its various receptor subtypes, modulates hippocampal output and the activity of hippocampal pyramidal cells in rodents. In addition, we discuss the relevance of 5-HT modulation for cognitive processing in rodents and possible clinical implications of these results in patients with MDD. Finally, we review the data on how SSRIs and vortioxetine, an antidepressant with multimodal activity, affect hippocampal function, including cognitive processing, from both a preclinical and clinical perspective.
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Behavioral changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder: Insights from a rat model of single prolonged stress. Behav Processes 2016; 124:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Commons KG. Ascending serotonin neuron diversity under two umbrellas. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:3347-60. [PMID: 26740230 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Forebrain serotonin relevant for many psychological disorders arises in the hindbrain, primarily within the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MR). These nuclei are heterogeneous, containing several distinct groups of serotonin neurons. Here, new insight into the afferent and efferent connectivity of these areas is reviewed in correlation with their developmental origin. These data suggest that the caudal third of the DR, the area originally designated B6, may be misidentified as part of the DR as it shares many features of connectivity with the MR. By considering the rostral DR independently and affiliating the B6 to the MR, the diverse subgroups of serotonin neurons can be arranged with more coherence into two umbrella groups, each with distinctive domains of influence. Serotonin neurons within the rostral DR are uniquely interconnected with brain areas associated with emotion and motivation such as the amygdala, accumbens and ventral pallidum. In contrast serotonin neurons in the B6 and MR are characterized by their dominion over the septum and hippocampus. This distinction between the DR and B6/MR parallels their developmental origin and likely impacts their role in both behavior and psychopathology. Implications and further subdivisions within these areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Liu Y, Kelly MA, Sexton TJ, Neumaier JF. 5-HT1B autoreceptors differentially modulate the expression of conditioned fear in a circuit-specific manner. Neuroscience 2015; 298:436-47. [PMID: 25907441 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Located in the nerve terminals of serotonergic neurons, 5-HT1B autoreceptors are poised to modulate synaptic 5-HT levels with precise temporal and spatial control, and play an important role in various emotional behaviors. This study characterized two novel, complementary viral vector strategies to investigate the contribution of 5-HT1B autoreceptors to fear expression, displayed as freezing, during contextual fear conditioning. Increased expression of 5-HT1B autoreceptors throughout the brain significantly decreased fear expression in both wild-type (WT) and 5-HT1B knockout (1BKO) mice when receptor levels were increased with a cell-type-specific herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector injected into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Additional studies used an intersectional viral vector strategy, in which an adeno-associated virus containing a double-floxed inverted sequence for the 5-HT1B receptor (AAV-DIO-1B) was combined with the retrogradely transported canine adenovirus-2 expressing Cre (CAV-Cre) in order to increase 5-HT1B autoreceptor expression only in neurons projecting from the DRN to the amygdala. Surprisingly, selective expression of 5-HT1B autoreceptors in just this circuit led to an increase in fear expression in WT, but not 1BKO, mice. These results suggest that activation of 5-HT1B autoreceptors throughout the brain may have an overall effect of attenuating fear expression, but activation of subsets of 5-HT1B autoreceptors in particular brain regions, reflecting distinct projections of serotonergic neurons from the DRN, may have disparate contributions to the ultimate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - M A Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - T J Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - J F Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Nowicki M, Tran S, Muraleetharan A, Markovic S, Gerlai R. Serotonin antagonists induce anxiolytic and anxiogenic-like behavior in zebrafish in a receptor-subtype dependent manner. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 126:170-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thompson RS, Strong PV, Clark PJ, Maslanik TM, Wright KP, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Repeated fear-induced diurnal rhythm disruptions predict PTSD-like sensitized physiological acute stress responses in F344 rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:447-65. [PMID: 24447583 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify objective factors that can predict future sensitized stress responses, thus allowing for effective intervention prior to developing sensitization and subsequent stress-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS Adult male F344 rats implanted with biotelemetry devices were exposed to repeated conditioned fear or control conditions for 22 days followed by exposure to either no, mild or severe acute stress on day 23. Diurnal rhythms of locomotor activity (LA), heart rate (HR) and core body temperature (CBT) were biotelemetrically monitored throughout the study. In a subset of rat not implanted, corticosterone and indices of chronic stress were measured immediately following stress. RESULTS Rats exposed to repeated fear had fear-evoked increases in behavioural freezing and HR/CBT during exposure to the fear environment and displayed indices of chronic stress. Repeated fear produced flattening of diurnal rhythms in LA, HR and CBT. Repeated fear did not sensitize the corticosterone response to acute stress, but produced sensitized HR/CBT responses following acute stress, relative to the effect of acute stress in the absence of a history of repeated fear. Greater diurnal rhythm disruptions during repeated fear predicted sensitized acute stress-induced physiological responses. Rats exposed to repeated fear also displayed flattened diurnal LA and basal increases in HR. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to repeated fear produces outcomes consistent with those observed in PTSD. The results suggest that diurnal rhythm disruptions during chronic stressors may help predict sensitized physiological stress responses following traumatic events. Monitoring diurnal disruptions during repeated stress may thus help predict susceptibility to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Thompson
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
- Center for Neuroscience; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - P. V. Strong
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
- Center for Neuroscience; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - P. J. Clark
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - T. M. Maslanik
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - K. P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
- Center for Neuroscience; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - B. N. Greenwood
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
- Center for Neuroscience; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - M. Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
- Center for Neuroscience; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
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Hernandez-Rapp J, Martin-Lannerée S, Hirsch TZ, Pradines E, Alleaume-Butaux A, Schneider B, Baudry A, Launay JM, Mouillet-Richard S. A PrP(C)-caveolin-Lyn complex negatively controls neuronal GSK3β and serotonin 1B receptor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4881. [PMID: 24810941 PMCID: PMC4013941 DOI: 10.1038/srep04881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein, PrPC, is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, abundant in lipid rafts and highly expressed in the brain. While PrPC is much studied for its involvement under its abnormal PrPSc isoform in Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, its physiological role remains unclear. Here, we report that GSK3β, a multifunctional kinase whose inhibition is neuroprotective, is a downstream target of PrPC signalling in serotonergic neuronal cells. We show that the PrPC-dependent inactivation of GSK3β is relayed by a caveolin-Lyn platform located on neuronal cell bodies. Furthermore, the coupling of PrPC to GSK3β potentiates serotonergic signalling by altering the distribution and activity of the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR), a receptor that limits neurotransmitter release. In vivo, our data reveal an increased GSK3β kinase activity in PrP-deficient mouse brain, as well as sustained 5-HT1BR activity, whose inhibition promotes an anxiogenic behavioural response. Collectively, our data unveil a new facet of PrPC signalling that strengthens neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Rapp
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [3] Université Paris Sud 11, ED419 Biosigne, 91400 Orsay, France [4]
| | - Séverine Martin-Lannerée
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [3]
| | - Théo Z Hirsch
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [3]
| | - Elodie Pradines
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France
| | - Aurélie Alleaume-Butaux
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France
| | - Benoît Schneider
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France
| | - Anne Baudry
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- 1] AP-HP Service de Biochimie, Fondation FondaMental, INSERM U942 Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France [2] Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- 1] INSERM UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S1124, 75006 Paris France
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30
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Abstract
Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide encoded by the KISS1/Kiss1, and its cognate G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor, Kiss-R), are critical for the control of reproduction in vertebrates. We have previously identified two kisspeptin genes (kiss1 and kiss2) in the zebrafish, of which kiss1 neurons are located in the habenula, which project to the median raphe. kiss2 neurons are located in the hypothalamic nucleus and send axonal projections to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and regulate reproductive functions. However, the physiological significance of the Kiss1 expressed in the habenula remains unknown. Here we demonstrate the role of habenular Kiss1 in alarm substance (AS)-induced fear response in the zebrafish. We found that AS-evoked fear experience significantly reduces kiss1 and serotonin-related genes (plasmacytoma expressed transcript 1 and solute carrier family 6, member 4) in the zebrafish. Furthermore, Kiss1 administration suppressed the AS-evoked fear response. To further evaluate the role of Kiss1 in fear response, zebrafish Kiss1 peptide was conjugated to saporin (SAP) to selectively inactivate Kiss-R1-expressing neurons. The Kiss1-SAP injection significantly reduced Kiss1 immunoreactivity and c-fos mRNA in the habenula and the raphe compared with control. Furthermore, 3 d after Kiss1-SAP injection, the fish had a significantly reduced AS-evoked fear response. These findings provide an insight into the role of the habenular kisspeptin system in inhibiting fear.
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31
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Brambilla R. Using Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer to Study Depressive-Like Behavior. NEUROMETHODS 2014. [PMCID: PMC7122802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-610-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of viral-mediated gene transfer in animal behavioral experiments has become very popular over the last decade. Altering gene regulation and assessing subsequent behavior can be a useful tool in unraveling a specific gene’s contributions to complex behavioral processes such as depressive-like behavior. However, these types of experiments require detailed planning and designs to avoid pitfalls associated with issues such as surgical procedure or the peak of viral expression. This chapter is intended to be a primer on the design of such experiments and aims to discuss factors that must be considered in the early phases of experimental planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Brambilla
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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32
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McDevitt RA, Reed SJ, Britt JP. Optogenetics in preclinical neuroscience and psychiatry research: recent insights and potential applications. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1369-79. [PMID: 25092982 PMCID: PMC4114904 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s45896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the treatment of psychiatric disease in the last half century, but it is still unclear which neural circuits are ultimately responsible for specific disease states. Fortunately, technical limitations that have constrained this research have recently been mitigated by advances in research tools that facilitate circuit-based analyses. The most prominent of these tools is optogenetics, which refers to the use of genetically encoded, light-sensitive proteins that can be used to manipulate discrete neural circuits with temporal precision. Optogenetics has recently been used to examine the neural underpinnings of both psychiatric disease and symptom relief, and this research has rapidly identified novel therapeutic targets for what could be a new generation of rational drug development. As these and related methodologies for controlling neurons ultimately make their way into the clinic, circuit-based strategies for alleviating psychiatric symptoms could become a remarkably refined approach to disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A McDevitt
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean J Reed
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Britt
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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33
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Paul ED, Lowry CA. Functional topography of serotonergic systems supports the Deakin/Graeff hypothesis of anxiety and affective disorders. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:1090-106. [PMID: 23704363 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113490328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, Deakin and Graeff hypothesized about the role of different serotonergic pathways in controlling the behavioral and physiologic responses to aversive stimuli, and how compromise of these pathways could lead to specific symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests these serotonergic pathways arise from topographically organized subpopulations of serotonergic neurons located in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. We argue that serotonergic neurons in the dorsal/caudal parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus project to forebrain limbic regions involved in stress/conflict anxiety-related processes, which may be relevant for anxiety and affective disorders. Serotonergic neurons in the "lateral wings" of the dorsal raphe nucleus provide inhibitory control over structures controlling fight-or-flight responses. Dysfunction of this pathway could be relevant for panic disorder. Finally, serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus, and the developmentally and functionally-related interfascicular part of the dorsal raphe nucleus, give rise to forebrain limbic projections that are involved in tolerance and coping with aversive stimuli, which could be important for affective disorders like depression. Elucidating the mechanisms through which stress activates these topographically and functionally distinct serotonergic pathways, and how dysfunction of these pathways leads to symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders, may lead to the development of novel approaches to both the prevention and treatment of anxiety and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Paul
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
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34
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Bidirectional regulation of emotional memory by 5-HT1B receptors involves hippocampal p11. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1096-105. [PMID: 23032875 PMCID: PMC3781317 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are common in depression and involve dysfunctional serotonin neurotransmission. The 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT(1B)R) regulates serotonin transmission, via presynaptic receptors, but can also affect transmitter release at heterosynaptic sites. This study aimed at investigating the roles of the 5-HT(1B)R, and its adapter protein p11, in emotional memory and object recognition memory processes by the use of p11 knockout (p11KO) mice, a genetic model for aspects of depression-related states. 5-HT(1B)R agonist treatment induced an impairing effect on emotional memory in wild type (WT) mice. In comparison, p11KO mice displayed reduced long-term emotional memory performance. Unexpectedly, 5-HT(1B)R agonist stimulation enhanced memory in p11KO mice, and this atypical switch was reversed after hippocampal adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer of p11. Notably, 5-HT(1B)R stimulation increased glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus in p11KO mice, but not in WT mice, as measured by both pre- and postsynaptic criteria. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated global hippocampal reductions of inhibitory GABA, which may contribute to the memory enhancement and potentiation of pre- and post-synaptic measures of glutamate transmission by a 5-HT(1B)R agonist in p11KO mice. It is concluded that the level of hippocampal p11 determines the directionality of 5-HT(1B)R action on emotional memory processing and modulates hippocampal functionality. These results emphasize the importance of using relevant disease models when evaluating the role of serotonin neurotransmission in cognitive deficits related to psychiatric disorders.
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Neisewander JL, Cheung THC, Pentkowski NS. Dopamine D3 and 5-HT1B receptor dysregulation as a result of psychostimulant intake and forced abstinence: Implications for medications development. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt B:301-19. [PMID: 23973315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to psychostimulants, including cocaine and amphetamine, is associated with dysregulation of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter systems. Neuroadaptations in these systems vary depending on the stage of the drug taking-abstinence-relapse cycle. Consequently, the effects of potential treatments that target these systems may vary depending on whether they are given during abstinence or relapse. In this review, we discuss evidence that dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) and 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1BRs) are dysregulated in response to both chronic psychostimulant use and subsequent abstinence. We then review findings from preclinical self-administration models which support targeting D3Rs and 5-HT1BRs as potential medications for psychostimulant dependence. Potential side effects of the treatments are discussed and attention is given to studies reporting positive treatment outcomes that depend on: 1) whether testing occurs during self-administration versus abstinence, 2) whether escalation of drug self-administration has occurred, 3) whether the treatments are given repeatedly, and 4) whether social factors influence treatment outcomes. We conclude that D3/D2 agonists may decrease psychostimulant intake; however, side effects of D3/D2R full agonists may limit their therapeutic potential, whereas D3/D2R partial agonists have fewer undesirable side effects. D3-selective antagonists may not reduce psychostimulant intake during relapse, but nonetheless, may decrease motivation for seeking psychostimulants with relatively few side-effects. 5-HT1BR agonists provide a striking example of treatment outcomes that are dependent on the stage of the addiction cycle. Specifically, these agonists initially increase cocaine's reinforcing effects during maintenance of self-administration, but after a period of abstinence they reduce psychostimulant seeking and the resumption of self-administration. In conclusion, we suggest that factors contributing to dysregulation of monoamine systems, including drug history, abstinence, and social context, should be considered when evaluating potential treatments to better model treatment effects in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
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Bailey CR, Cordell E, Sobin SM, Neumeister A. Recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder: implications for targeted pharmacological treatment. CNS Drugs 2013; 27:221-32. [PMID: 23483368 PMCID: PMC3629370 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-013-0051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and chronic anxiety disorder that can result after exposure to a traumatic event. Though our understanding of the aetiology of PTSD is incomplete, several neurobiological systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology and vulnerability towards developing PTSD after trauma exposure. We aimed to provide a concise review of benchmark findings in important neurobiological systems related to the aetiology and maintenance of PTSD symptomology. Specifically, we discuss functional aetiologies in the noradrenergic, serotonergic, endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. This article provides a succinct framework to appreciate the current understanding of neurobiological mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of PTSD and how these findings may impact the development of future, targeted pharmacological treatments for this debilitating disorder.
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Wu G, Feder A, Cohen H, Kim JJ, Calderon S, Charney DS, Mathé AA. Understanding resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:10. [PMID: 23422934 PMCID: PMC3573269 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is the ability to adapt successfully in the face of stress and adversity. Stressful life events, trauma, and chronic adversity can have a substantial impact on brain function and structure, and can result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and other psychiatric disorders. However, most individuals do not develop such illnesses after experiencing stressful life events, and are thus thought to be resilient. Resilience as successful adaptation relies on effective responses to environmental challenges and ultimate resistance to the deleterious effects of stress, therefore a greater understanding of the factors that promote such effects is of great relevance. This review focuses on recent findings regarding genetic, epigenetic, developmental, psychosocial, and neurochemical factors that are considered essential contributors to the development of resilience. Neural circuits and pathways involved in mediating resilience are also discussed. The growing understanding of resilience factors will hopefully lead to the development of new pharmacological and psychological interventions for enhancing resilience and mitigating the untoward consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai NY, USA
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Nair SG, Strand NS, Neumaier JF. DREADDing the lateral habenula: a review of methodological approaches for studying lateral habenula function. Brain Res 2012; 1511:93-101. [PMID: 23085473 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is part of the habenular complex in the dorsal diencephalon. The LHb is an important regulator of several neurotransmitter systems in the midbrain; disturbances in this regulation may contribute to mood disorders, abnormalities in cognition, drive, and addiction. Owing to the critical role this nucleus plays in modulating activity of midbrain nuclei, there has been a rapid increase in studies targeting the LHb in the recent years. In this review, we describe studies using traditional approaches to elucidate the function of this brain region, such as lesion, electrical and chemical stimulation, electrophysiology and in vivo microdialysis. We have selected a variety of illustrative studies to discuss each of these methods. Next, we describe studies using methods that are based upon recent advances in molecular biology techniques including recent results from our laboratory using the Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) technology. Using a Gi/o-coupled DREADD, we found that inhibition of the LHb reduces depression-like behavior in the forced swim test in a manner that suggests enhanced serotonergic activity. The emerging picture reveals that the LHb is likely to be a critical node in the network of subcortical nuclei that regulate aversive learning, motivation, stress responses, etc. We describe how recently developed methods have advanced the study of the LHb and are leading research of this brain region in promising new directions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Optogenetics (7th BRES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunila G Nair
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Li X. Using the conditioned fear stress (CFS) animal model to understand the neurobiological mechanisms and pharmacological treatment of anxiety. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2012; 24:241-9. [PMID: 25328347 PMCID: PMC4198872 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The mechanisms underlying the etiology and pathophysiology of anxiety disorders - the most prevalent class of mental disorders - remain unclear. Over the last 30 years investigators have used the animal model of conditioned fear stress (CFS) to investigate the brain structures and neurotransmitter systems involved in aversive emotional learning and memory. Recent studies have focused on the neuronal circuitry and cellular mechanisms of fearful emotional experiences. This review describes the CFS paradigm, discusses the neural circuit and neurotransmission underlying CFS, and explains the mechanism of action of pharmacological treatments of CFS. The focus of the review is on the molecular mechanisms of fear extinction, a phenomenon directly implicated in the clinical treatment of anxiety. Based on our assessment of previous work we will conclude by considering potential molecular targets for treating symptoms of anxiety and fear.
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Hagan CE, McDevitt RA, Liu Y, Furay AR, Neumaier JF. 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor regulation of serotonin transporter activity in synaptosomes. Synapse 2012; 66:1024-34. [PMID: 22961814 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin-1B (5-HT(1B) ) autoreceptors are located in serotonin (5-HT) terminals, along with serotonin transporters (SERT), and play a critical role in autoregulation of serotonergic neurotransmission and are implicated in disorders of serotonergic function, particularly emotional regulation. SERT modulates serotonergic neurotransmission by high-affinity reuptake of 5-HT. Alterations in SERT activity are associated with increased risk for depression and anxiety. Several neurotransmitter receptors are known to regulate SERT K(m) and V(max) , and previous work suggests that 5-HT(1B) autoreceptors may regulate 5-HT reuptake, in addition to modulating 5-HT release and synthesis. We used rotating disk electrode voltammetry to investigate 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor regulation of SERT-mediated 5-HT uptake into synaptosomes. The selective 5-HT(1B) antagonist SB224289 decreased SERT activity in synaptosomes prepared from wild-type but not 5-HT(1B) knockout mice, whereas SERT uptake was enhanced after pretreatment with the selective 5-HT(1B) agonist CP94253. Furthermore, SERT activity varies as a function of 5-HT(1B) receptor expression-specifically, genetic deletion of 5-HT(1B) decreased SERT function, while viral-mediated overexpression of 5-HT(1B) autoreceptors in rat raphe neurons increased SERT activity in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Considered collectively, these results provide evidence that 5-HT(1B) autoreceptors regulate SERT activity. Because SERT clearance rate varies as a function of 5-HT(1B) autoreceptor expression levels and is modulated by both activation and inhibition of 5-HT(1B) autoreceptors, this dynamic interaction may be an important mechanism of serotonin autoregulation with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Hagan
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Lauterbach EC. An extension of hypotheses regarding rapid-acting, treatment-refractory, and conventional antidepressant activity of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:693-702. [PMID: 22401777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It was previously hypothesized that dextromethorphan (DM) and dextrorphan (DX) may possess antidepressant properties, including rapid and conventional onsets of action and utility in treatment-refractory depression, based on pharmacodynamic similarities to ketamine. These similarities included sigma-1 (σ(1)) agonist and NMDA antagonist properties, calcium channel blockade, muscarinic binding, serotonin transporter (5HTT) inhibition, and μ receptor potentiation. Here, six specific hypotheses are developed in light of additional mechanisms and evidence. Comparable potencies to ketamine for DM and DX are detailed for σ(1) (DX>DM>ketamine), NMDA PCP site (DX>ketamine>DM), and muscarinic (DX>ketamine>>>>DM) receptors, 5HTT (DM>DX≫ketamine), and NMDA antagonist potentiation of μ receptor stimulation (DM>ketamine). Rapid acting antidepressant properties of DM include NMDA high-affinity site, NMDR-2A, and functional NMDR-2B receptor antagonism, σ(1) stimulation, putative mTOR activation (by σ(1) stimulation, μ potentiation, and 5HTT inhibition), putative AMPA receptor trafficking (by mTOR activation, PCP antagonism, σ(1) stimulation, μ potentiation, and 5HTT inhibition), and dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival by NMDA antagonism and σ(1) and mTOR signaling. Those for dextrorphan include NMDA high-affinity site and NMDR-2A antagonism, σ(1) stimulation, putative mTOR activation (by σ(1) stimulation and ß adrenoreceptor stimulation), putative AMPA receptor trafficking (by mTOR activation, PCP antagonism, σ(1) stimulation, ß stimulation, and μ antagonism), and dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neuronal survival by NMDA antagonism and σ(1) and mTOR signaling. Conventional antidepressant properties for dextromethorphan and dextrorphan include 5HTT and norepinephrine transporter inhibition, σ(1) stimulation, NMDA and PCP antagonism, and possible serotonin 5HT1b/d receptor stimulation. Additional properties for dextromethorphan include possible presynaptic α(2) adrenoreceptor antagonism or postsynaptic α(2) stimulation and, for dextrorphan, ß stimulation and possible muscarinic and μ antagonism. Treatment-refractory depression properties include increased serotonin and norepinephrine availability, PCP, NMDR-2B, presynaptic alpha-2 antagonism, and the multiplicity of other antidepressant receptor mechanisms. Suggestions for clinical trials are provided for oral high-dose dextromethorphan and Nuedexta (dextromethorphan combined with quinidine to block metabolism to dextrorphan, thereby increasing dextromethorphan plasma concentrations). Suggestions include exclusionary criteria, oral dosing, observation periods, dose-response approaches, and safety and tolerability are considered. Although oral dextromethorphan may be somewhat more likely to show efficacy through complementary antidepressant mechanisms of dextrorphan, a clinical trial will be more logistically complex than one of Nuedexta due to high doses and plasma level variability. Clinical trials may increase our therapeutic armamentarium and our pharmacological understanding of treatment-refractory depression and antidepressant onset of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Lauterbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College Street, Macon, GA 31201, United States.
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Hale MW, Shekhar A, Lowry CA. Stress-related serotonergic systems: implications for symptomatology of anxiety and affective disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:695-708. [PMID: 22484834 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that serotonergic neurons in the midbrain raphe complex have a functional topographic organization. Recent studies suggest that stimulation of a bed nucleus of the stria terminalis-dorsal raphe nucleus pathway by stress- and anxiety-related stimuli modulates a subpopulation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRD) and caudal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRC) that participates in facilitation of anxiety-like responses. In contrast, recent studies suggest that activation of a spinoparabrachial pathway by peripheral thermal or immune stimuli excites subpopulations of serotonergic neurons in the ventrolateral part of the dorsal raphe nucleus/ventrolateral periaqueducal gray (DRVL/VLPAG) region and interfascicular part of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRI). Studies support a role for serotonergic neurons in the DRVL/VLPAG in inhibition of panic-like responses, and serotonergic neurons in the DRI in antidepressant-like effects. Thus, data suggest that while some subpopulations of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus play a role in facilitation of anxiety-like responses, others play a role in inhibition of anxiety- or panic-like responses, while others play a role in antidepressant-like effects. Understanding the anatomical and functional properties of these distinct serotonergic systems may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of affective and anxiety disorders. In this review, we describe the anatomical and functional properties of subpopulations of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, with a focus on those implicated in symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders, the DRD/DRC, DRVL/VLPAG, and DRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Li X, Frye MA, Shelton RC. Review of pharmacological treatment in mood disorders and future directions for drug development. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:77-101. [PMID: 21900884 PMCID: PMC3238080 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After a series of serendipitous discoveries of pharmacological treatments for mania and depression several decades ago, relatively little progress has been made for novel hypothesis-driven drug development in mood disorders. Multifactorial etiologies of, and lack of a full understanding of, the core neurobiology of these conditions clearly have contributed to these development challenges. There are, however, relatively novel targets that have raised opportunities for progress in the field, such as glutamate and cholinergic receptor modulators, circadian regulators, and enzyme inhibitors, for alternative treatment. This review will discuss these promising new treatments in mood disorders, the underlying mechanisms of action, and critical issues of their clinical application. For these new treatments to be successful in clinical practice, it is also important to design innovative clinical trials that identify the specific actions of new drugs, and, ideally, to develop biomarkers for monitoring individualized treatment response. It is predicted that future drug development will identify new agents targeting the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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McDevitt RA, Neumaier JF. Regulation of dorsal raphe nucleus function by serotonin autoreceptors: a behavioral perspective. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 41:234-46. [PMID: 21620956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission by serotonin (5-HT) is tightly regulated by several autoreceptors that fine-tune serotonergic neurotransmission through negative feedback inhibition at the cell bodies (predominantly 5-HT(1A)) or at the axon terminals (predominantly 5-HT(1B)); however, more subtle roles for 5-HT(1D) and 5-HT(2B) autoreceptors have also been detected. This review provides an overview of 5-HT autoreceptors, focusing on their contribution in animal behavioral models of stress and emotion. Experiments targeting 5-HT autoreceptors in awake, behaving animals have generally shown that increasing autoreceptor feedback is anxiolytic and rewarding, while enhanced 5-HT function is aversive and anxiogenic; however, the role of serotonergic activity in behavioral models of helplessness is more complex. The prevailing model suggests that 5-HT autoreceptors become desensitized in response to stress exposure and antidepressant administration, two seemingly opposite manipulations. Thus there are still unresolved questions regarding the role of these receptors-and serotonin in general-in normal and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A McDevitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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The serotonin 1B receptor: a new target for depression therapeutics? Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:714-5. [PMID: 21447414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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