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Upadhyay J, Verrico CD, Cay M, Kodele S, Yammine L, Koob GF, Schreiber R. Neurocircuitry basis of the opioid use disorder-post-traumatic stress disorder comorbid state: conceptual analyses using a dimensional framework. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9:84-96. [PMID: 34774203 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interface between opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is challenging. By use of a dimensional framework, such as research domain criteria, convergent and targetable neurobiological processes in OUD-PTSD comorbidity can be identified. We hypothesise that, in OUD-PTSD, circuitry that is implicated in two research domain criteria systems (ie, negative valence and cognitive control) underpins dysregulation of incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. We also propose that the OUD-PTSD state might be systematically investigated with approaches outlined within a neuroclinical assessment framework for addictions and PTSD. Our dimensional analysis of the OUD-PTSD state shows how first-line therapeutic approaches (ie, partial μ-type opioid receptor [MOR1] agonism) modulate overlapping neurobiological and clinical features and also provides mechanistic rationale for evaluating polytherapeutic strategies (ie, partial MOR1 agonism, κ-type opioid receptor [KOR1] antagonism, and α-2A adrenergic receptor [ADRA2A] agonism). A combination of these therapeutic mechanisms is projected to facilitate recovery in patients with OUD-PTSD by mitigating negative valence states and enhancing executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Upadhyay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariesa Cay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sanda Kodele
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luba Yammine
- Louis A Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Zaccarelli-Magalhães J, Fukushima AR, Moreira N, Manes M, de Abreu GR, Ricci EL, Waziry PAF, Spinosa HDS. Preclinical toxicological study of prolonged exposure to ketamine as an antidepressant. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 72:24-35. [PMID: 32016837 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mentally debilitating diseases in the world. Ketamine has been recently identified as a potential novel antidepressant. Further animal model evaluations of the use of ketamine as an antidepressant are necessary to determine safety parameters for clinical use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform toxicological tests of prolonged treatment using three different doses of ketamine in adult male rats. METHODS The animals were divided into four groups: three treated with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg of ketamine and a control group treated with saline solution. Intraperitoneal route of treatment was administered daily for 3 weeks. Body weight, water and food intake were measured once a week, as well as evaluation of the functional observational battery, which includes methodic monitoring of motor activity, motor coordination, behavioral changes, and sensory/motor reflex responses. Upon completion of treatment period, all animals were euthanized by decapitation followed by immediate collection of samples, which included brain structures and blood for neurochemical, hematological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Rats treated with the highest tested dosage (20 mg/kg) of ketamine had lower weight gain in the 1st and 2nd weeks of treatment and all experimental groups had measurable alterations in the serotoninergic system. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the alterations observed are minor and due to a predicted mechanism of action, which implies that ketamine is a promising drug for repurposing as an antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zaccarelli-Magalhães
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - André Rinaldi Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marianna Manes
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ramos de Abreu
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Esther Lopes Ricci
- Health Science Institute, Presbiterian Mackenzie University, Rua Da Consolação, 930, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
- School of Health Science IGESP, Rua da Consolação, 1025, São Paulo, 01301-000, Brazil
| | - Paula A Faria Waziry
- Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Helenice de Souza Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
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Bailey S, Husbands S. Targeting opioid receptor signaling in depression: do we need selective κ opioid receptor antagonists? Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20170145. [PMID: 32714584 PMCID: PMC7373229 DOI: 10.1042/ns20170145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid receptors are a family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with close structural homology. The opioid receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous opioid neuropeptides, principally β-endorphin, dynorphins, leu- and met-enkephalins. The clinical potential of targeting opioid receptors has largely focused on the development of analgesics. However, more recent attention has turned to the role of central opioid receptors in the regulation of stress responses, anhedonia and mood. Activation of the κ opioid receptor (KOP) subtype has been shown in both human and rodent studies to produce dysphoric and pro-depressive like effects. This has led to the idea that selective KOP antagonists might have therapeutic potential as antidepressants. Here we review data showing that mixed μ opioid (MOP) and KOP antagonists have antidepressant-like effects in rodent behavioural paradigms and highlight comparable studies in treatment-resistant depressed patients. We propose that developing multifunctional ligands which target multiple opioid receptors open up the potential for fine-tuning hedonic responses mediated by opioids. This alternative approach towards targeting multiple opioid receptors may lead to more effective treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Bailey
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Stephen M. Husbands
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of receptors in the human genome and some of the most common drug targets. It is now well established that GPCRs can signal through multiple transducers, including heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCR kinases and β-arrestins. While these signalling pathways can be activated or blocked by 'balanced' agonists or antagonists, they can also be selectively activated in a 'biased' response. Biased responses can be induced by biased ligands, biased receptors or system bias, any of which can result in preferential signalling through G proteins or β-arrestins. At many GPCRs, signalling events mediated by G proteins and β-arrestins have been shown to have distinct biochemical and physiological actions from one another, and an accurate evaluation of biased signalling from pharmacology through physiology is crucial for preclinical drug development. Recent structural studies have provided snapshots of GPCR-transducer complexes, which should aid in the structure-based design of novel biased therapies. Our understanding of GPCRs has evolved from that of two-state, on-and-off switches to that of multistate allosteric microprocessors, in which biased ligands transmit distinct structural information that is processed into distinct biological outputs. The development of biased ligands as therapeutics heralds an era of increased drug efficacy with reduced drug side effects.
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Sutter M, Walter M, Dürsteler KM, Strasser J, Vogel M. Psychosis After Switch in Opioid Maintenance Agonist and Risperidone-Induced Pisa Syndrome: Two Critical Incidents in Dual Diagnosis Treatment. J Dual Diagn 2017; 13:157-165. [PMID: 27935442 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2016.1269224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dual diagnosis commonly occurs among patients with an opioid use disorder. Treatment is ideally performed in an integrated fashion. We present a case that illustrates the complex and challenging psychiatric and medical therapy of such patients in the light of the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION We report on a 56-year-old patient with schizophrenia and opioid dependence who experienced both risperidone-induced Pisa syndrome and, 3 years later, acute psychosis after switching the opioid substitution medication from methadone to slow-release oral morphine due to QT prolongation. CONCLUSIONS With the current availability of a diversity of substitution opioids in Switzerland (methadone, buprenorphine, diacetylmorphine, sustained-release oral morphine), studies on differential effectiveness of these agents in opioid-dependent subpopulations with selective comorbidity profiles are desirable. The same is true for further investigation of the involvement of the opioid receptor system in schizophrenia. In clinical practice, any alteration of opioid medication in patients with dual diagnosis and a history of schizophrenia should be accompanied by close observation for psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sutter
- a Division of Substance Use Disorders , Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- a Division of Substance Use Disorders , Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Kenneth M Dürsteler
- a Division of Substance Use Disorders , Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Johannes Strasser
- a Division of Substance Use Disorders , Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marc Vogel
- a Division of Substance Use Disorders , Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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Taylor GT, Manzella F. Kappa Opioids, Salvinorin A and Major Depressive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:165-76. [PMID: 26903446 PMCID: PMC4825947 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150727220944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are traditionally associated with pain, analgesia and drug abuse. It is now clear,
however, that the opioids are central players in mood. The implications for mood disorders, particularly
clinical depression, suggest a paradigm shift from the monoamine neurotransmitters to the opioids either
alone or in interaction with monoamine neurons. We have a special interest in dynorphin, the last of
the major endogenous opioids to be isolated and identified. Dynorphin is derived from the Greek word
for power, dynamis, which hints at the expectation that the neuropeptide held for its discoverers. Yet,
dynorphin and its opioid receptor subtype, kappa, has always taken a backseat to the endogenous b-endorphin and the
exogenous morphine that both bind the mu opioid receptor subtype. That may be changing as the dynorphin/ kappa system
has been shown to have different, often opposite, neurophysiological and behavioral influences. This includes major
depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we have undertaken a review of dynorphin/ kappa neurobiology as related to behaviors,
especially MDD. Highlights include the unique features of dynorphin and kappa receptors and the special relation of a
plant-based agonist of the kappa receptor salvinorin A. In addition to acting as a kappa opioid agonist, we conclude that
salvinorin A has a complex pharmacologic profile, with potential additional mechanisms of action. Its unique neurophysiological
effects make Salvinorina A an ideal candidate for MDD treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Manzella
- Behavioral Neuroscience/ Psychology Univ. Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63121 USA.
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Li W, Sun H, Chen H, Yang X, Xiao L, Liu R, Shao L, Qiu Z. Major Depressive Disorder and Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 1:4-16. [PMID: 27213169 PMCID: PMC4871611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disease worldwide. The clinical use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs) for this condition have been widely accepted, but they were challenged by unacceptable side-effects, potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) or slow onset/lack of efficacy. The endogenous opioid system is involved in stress and emotion regulatory processes and its role in MDD has been implicated. Although several KOR antagonists including JDTic and PF-04455242 were discontinued in early clinical trials, ALKS 5461 and CERC-501(LY-2456302) survived and entered into Phase-III and Phase-II trials, respectively. Considering the efficacy and safety of early off-label use of buprenorphine in the management of the treatment-resistant depression (TRD), it will be not surprising to predict the potential success of ALKS 5461 (a combination of buprenorphine and ALKS-33) in the near future. Moreover, CERC-501 will be expected to be available as monotherapy or adjuvant therapy with other first-line antidepressants in the treatment of TRD, if ongoing clinical trials continue to provide positive benefit-risk profiles. Emerging new researches might bring more drug candidates targeting the endogenous opioid system to clinical trials to address current challenges in MDD treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Huijiao Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Xicheng Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University,Corresponding Author: Liming Shao, Ph.D., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, at Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Zhuibai Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University
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Addy PH, Garcia-Romeu A, Metzger M, Wade J. The subjective experience of acute, experimentally-induced Salvia divinorum inebriation. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:426-35. [PMID: 25691501 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115570081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the overall psychological effects of inebriation facilitated by the naturally-occurring plant hallucinogen Salvia divinorum using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty healthy individuals self-administered Salvia divinorum via combustion and inhalation in a quiet, comfortable research setting. Experimental sessions, post-session interviews, and 8-week follow-up meetings were audio recorded and transcribed to provide the primary qualitative material analyzed here. Additionally, post-session responses to the Hallucinogen Rating Scale provided a quantitative groundwork for mixed-methods discussion. Qualitative data underwent thematic content analysis, being coded independently by three researchers before being collaboratively integrated to provide the final results. Three main themes and 10 subthemes of acute intoxication emerged, encompassing the qualities of the experience, perceptual alterations, and cognitive-affective shifts. The experience was described as having rapid onset and being intense and unique. Participants reported marked changes in auditory, visual, and interoceptive sensory input; losing normal awareness of themselves and their surroundings; and an assortment of delusional phenomena. Additionally, the abuse potential of Salvia divinorum was examined post hoc. These findings are discussed in light of previous research, and provide an initial framework for greater understanding of the subjective effects of Salvia divinorum, an emerging drug of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Addy
- Medical Informatics, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA Department of Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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White KL, Scopton AP, Rives ML, Bikbulatov RV, Polepally PR, Brown PJ, Kenakin T, Javitch JA, Zjawiony JK, Roth BL. Identification of novel functionally selective κ-opioid receptor scaffolds. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:83-90. [PMID: 24113749 PMCID: PMC3868907 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR)-dynorphin system has been implicated in the control of affect, cognition, and motivation, and is thought to be dysregulated in mood and psychotic disorders, as well as in various phases of opioid dependence. KOR agonists exhibit analgesic effects, although the adverse effects produced by some KOR agonists, including sedation, dysphoria, and hallucinations, have limited their clinical use. Interestingly, KOR-mediated dysphoria, assessed in rodents as aversion, has recently been attributed to the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway following arrestin recruitment to the activated KOR. Therefore, KOR-selective G protein-biased agonists, which do not recruit arrestin, have been proposed to be more effective analgesics, without the adverse effects triggered by the arrestin pathway. As an initial step toward identifying novel biased KOR agonists, we applied a multifaceted screening strategy utilizing both in silico and parallel screening approaches. We identified several KOR-selective ligand scaffolds with a range of signaling bias in vitro. The arylacetamide-based scaffold includes both G protein- and β-arrestin-biased ligands, while the endogenous peptides and the diterpene scaffolds are G protein biased. Interestingly, we found scaffold screening to be more successful than library screening in identifying biased ligands. Many of the identified functionally selective ligands are potent selective KOR agonists that are reported to be active in the central nervous system. They therefore represent excellent candidates for in vivo studies aiming at determining the behavioral effects mediated by specific KOR-mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L White
- Department of Pharmacology (K.L.W., T.K., B.L.R.) and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (B.L.R.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Psychiatry (M.-L.R, J.A.J.) and Pharmacology (J.A.J.), Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; New York Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (M.-L.R., J.A.J.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (R.V.B., P.R.P., J.K.Z.); and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.P.S., P.J.B.)
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