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Bristow LJ, Gulia J, Weed MR, Srikumar BN, Li YW, Graef JD, Naidu PS, Sanmathi C, Aher J, Bastia T, Paschapur M, Kalidindi N, Kumar KV, Molski T, Pieschl R, Fernandes A, Brown JM, Sivarao DV, Newberry K, Bookbinder M, Polino J, Keavy D, Newton A, Shields E, Simmermacher J, Kempson J, Li J, Zhang H, Mathur A, Kallem RR, Sinha M, Ramarao M, Vikramadithyan RK, Thangathirupathy S, Warrier J, Islam I, Bronson JJ, Olson RE, Macor JE, Albright CF, King D, Thompson LA, Marcin LR, Sinz M. Preclinical Characterization of ( R)-3-((3 S,4 S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (BMS-986169), a Novel, Intravenous, Glutamate N-Methyl-d-Aspartate 2B Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulator with Potential in Major Depressive Disorder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:377-393. [PMID: 28954811 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-3-((3S,4S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (BMS-986169) and the phosphate prodrug 4-((3S,4S)-3-fluoro-1-((R)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate (BMS-986163) were identified from a drug discovery effort focused on the development of novel, intravenous glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate 2B receptor (GluN2B) negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). BMS-986169 showed high binding affinity for the GluN2B subunit allosteric modulatory site (Ki = 4.03-6.3 nM) and selectively inhibited GluN2B receptor function in Xenopus oocytes expressing human N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtypes (IC50 = 24.1 nM). BMS-986169 weakly inhibited human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel activity (IC50 = 28.4 μM) and had negligible activity in an assay panel containing 40 additional pharmacological targets. Intravenous administration of BMS-986169 or BMS-986163 dose-dependently increased GluN2B receptor occupancy and inhibited in vivo [3H](+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine ([3H]MK-801) binding, confirming target engagement and effective cleavage of the prodrug. BMS-986169 reduced immobility in the mouse forced swim test, an effect similar to intravenous ketamine treatment. Decreased novelty suppressed feeding latency, and increased ex vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation was also seen 24 hours after acute BMS-986163 or BMS-986169 administration. BMS-986169 did not produce ketamine-like hyperlocomotion or abnormal behaviors in mice or cynomolgus monkeys but did produce a transient working memory impairment in monkeys that was closely related to plasma exposure. Finally, BMS-986163 produced robust changes in the quantitative electroencephalogram power band distribution, a translational measure that can be used to assess pharmacodynamic activity in healthy humans. Due to the poor aqueous solubility of BMS-986169, BMS-986163 was selected as the lead GluN2B NAM candidate for further evaluation as a novel intravenous agent for TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Bristow
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Jyoti Gulia
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Michael R Weed
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Bettadapura N Srikumar
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - John D Graef
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Pattipati S Naidu
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Charulatha Sanmathi
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Jayant Aher
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Tanmaya Bastia
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Mahesh Paschapur
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Narasimharaju Kalidindi
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Kuchibhotla Vijaya Kumar
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Thaddeus Molski
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Rick Pieschl
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Alda Fernandes
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Jeffrey M Brown
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Kimberly Newberry
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Mark Bookbinder
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Joseph Polino
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Deborah Keavy
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Amy Newton
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Eric Shields
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Jean Simmermacher
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - James Kempson
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Jianqing Li
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Meenakshee Sinha
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Manjunath Ramarao
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Reeba K Vikramadithyan
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Srinivasan Thangathirupathy
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Jayakumar Warrier
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Imadul Islam
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Joanne J Bronson
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Richard E Olson
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - John E Macor
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Charlie F Albright
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Dalton King
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Lorin A Thompson
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Lawrence R Marcin
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
| | - Michael Sinz
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology (L.J.B., M.R.W., Y.-W.L., J.D.G., T.M., R.P., A.F., J.M.B., D.V.S., K.N., M.B., J.P., D.K., A.N., C.F.A.), Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry (J.J.B., R.E.O., J.E.M., D.K., L.A.T., L.R.M.), and Preclinical Candidate Optimization (E.S., J.S., Mi.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut; Discovery Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, Princeton, New Jersey (J.K., J.L., H.Z., A.M.); and Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Center, Bangalore, India (J.G., B.N.S., P.S.N., C.S., J.A., T.B., M.P., N.K., K.V.K., R.R.K., Me.S., M.R., R.K.V., S.T., J.W. I.I.)
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Witkin JM, Mitchell SN, Wafford KA, Carter G, Gilmour G, Li J, Eastwood BJ, Overshiner C, Li X, Rorick-Kehn L, Rasmussen K, Anderson WH, Nikolayev A, Tolstikov VV, Kuo MS, Catlow JT, Li R, Smith SC, Mitch CH, Ornstein PL, Swanson S, Monn JA. Comparative Effects of LY3020371, a Potent and Selective Metabotropic Glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 Receptor Antagonist, and Ketamine, a Noncompetitive N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist in Rodents: Evidence Supporting the Use of mGlu2/3 Antagonists, for the Treatment of Depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:68-86. [PMID: 28138040 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine to alleviate symptoms in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is well documented. In this paper, we directly compare in vivo biologic responses in rodents elicited by a recently discovered metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor antagonist 2-amino-3-[(3,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanylmethyl]-4-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY3020371) with those produced by ketamine. Both LY3020371 and ketamine increased the number of spontaneously active dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area of anesthetized rats, increased O2 in the anterior cingulate cortex, promoted wakefulness, enhanced the efflux of biogenic amines in the prefrontal cortex, and produced antidepressant-related behavioral effects in rodent models. The ability of LY3020371 to produce antidepressant-like effects in the forced-swim assay in rats was associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug levels that matched concentrations required for functional antagonist activity in native rat brain tissue preparations. Metabolomic pathway analyses from analytes recovered from rat CSF and hippocampus demonstrated that both LY3020371 and ketamine activated common pathways involving GRIA2 and ADORA1. A diester analog of LY3020371 [bis(((isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy)-methyl) (1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-(((3,4-difluorophenyl)thio)methyl)-4-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate (LY3027788)] was an effective oral prodrug; when given orally, it recapitulated effects of intravenous doses of LY3020371 in the forced-swim and wake-promotion assays, and augmented the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine or citalopram without altering plasma or brain levels of these compounds. The broad overlap of biologic responses produced by LY3020371 and ketamine supports the hypothesis that mGlu2/3 receptor blockade might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of TRD patients. LY3020371 and LY3027788 represent molecules that are ready for clinical tests of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Witkin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - S N Mitchell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - K A Wafford
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - G Carter
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - G Gilmour
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - J Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - B J Eastwood
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - C Overshiner
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - X Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - L Rorick-Kehn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - K Rasmussen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - W H Anderson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - A Nikolayev
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - V V Tolstikov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - M-S Kuo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - J T Catlow
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - R Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - S C Smith
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - C H Mitch
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - P L Ornstein
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - S Swanson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
| | - J A Monn
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (J.M.W., C.O., X.L., L.R.-K., K.R., W.H.A., A.N., V.V.T., M.-S.K., J.T.C., R.L., S.C.S., C.H.M., P.L.O., S.S., J.A.M.); and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (S.N.M., K.A.W., G.C., G.G., J.L., B.J.E.)
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