1
|
Interaction between cognitive reserve and age moderates effect of lesion load on stroke outcome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4478. [PMID: 33627742 PMCID: PMC7904829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The concepts of brain reserve and cognitive reserve were recently suggested as valuable predictors of stroke outcome. To test this hypothesis, we used age, years of education and lesion size as clinically feasible coarse proxies of brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and the extent of stroke pathology correspondingly. Linear and logistic regression models were used to predict cognitive outcome (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and stroke-induced impairment and disability (NIH Stroke Scale; modified Rankin Score) in a sample of 104 chronic stroke patients carefully controlled for potential confounds. Results revealed 46% of explained variance for cognitive outcome (p < 0.001) and yielded a significant three-way interaction: Larger lesions did not lead to cognitive impairment in younger patients with higher education, but did so in younger patients with lower education. Conversely, even small lesions led to poor cognitive outcome in older patients with lower education, but didn’t in older patients with higher education. We observed comparable three-way interactions for clinical scores of stroke-induced impairment and disability both in the acute and chronic stroke phase. In line with the hypothesis, years of education conjointly with age moderated effects of lesion on stroke outcome. This non-additive effect of cognitive reserve suggests its post-stroke protective impact on stroke outcome.
Collapse
|
2
|
Reduced serial dependence suggests deficits in synaptic potentiation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4250. [PMID: 32843635 PMCID: PMC7447775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of core cognitive processes, such as working memory, is crucial to addressing psychiatric symptoms in brain disorders. We propose a combined psychophysical and biophysical account of two symptomatologically related diseases, both linked to hypofunctional NMDARs: schizophrenia and autoimmune anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We first quantified shared working memory alterations in a delayed-response task. In both patient groups, we report a markedly reduced influence of previous stimuli on working memory contents, despite preserved memory precision. We then simulated this finding with NMDAR-dependent synaptic alterations in a microcircuit model of prefrontal cortex. Changes in cortical excitation destabilized within-trial memory maintenance and could not account for disrupted serial dependence in working memory. Rather, a quantitative fit between data and simulations supports alterations of an NMDAR-dependent memory mechanism operating on longer timescales, such as short-term potentiation. Stein, Barbosa et al. show that anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia are characterized by reduced serial dependence in spatial working memory. Cortical network simulations show that this can be parsimoniously explained by a reduction in NMDAR-dependent short-term synaptic potentiation in these diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Crawford L, Loprinzi PD. Effects of Exercise on Memory Interference in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:425-438. [PMID: 32342475 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
There are several mechanisms that cause memory impairment, including motivated forgetting, active forgetting, natural decay, and memory interference. Interference occurs when one is attempting to recall something specific, but there is conflicting information making it more difficult to recall the target stimuli. In laboratory settings, it is common to measure memory interference with paired associate tasks-usually utilizing the AB-CD, AB-AC, AB-ABr, or AB-DE AC-FG method. Memory impairments are frequent among those with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis. The memory effects of each condition differ, but are all related to alterations in brain physiology and general memory deterioration. Exercise, or physical activity, has been demonstrated to attenuate memory interference in some cases, but the mechanisms are still being determined. Further research is needed on memory interference, in regard to exercise and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Crawford
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Exercise and Memory Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, Oxford, USA
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Exercise and Memory Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, Oxford, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dressing A, Kaller CP, Nitschke K, Beume LA, Kuemmerer D, Schmidt CS, Bormann T, Umarova RM, Egger K, Rijntjes M, Weiller C, Martin M. Neural correlates of acute apraxia: Evidence from lesion data and functional MRI in stroke patients. Cortex 2019; 120:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Maier SJ, Feige B, Goll P, Meyer SA, Matthies S, Domschke K, Lange T, Sobanski E, Philipsen A, Nickel K, Perlov E. Neurochemical sex differences in adult ADHD patients: an MRS study. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 31665071 PMCID: PMC6821019 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Relevant sex differences in symptomatology are discussed. This study compared brain neurometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left cerebellar hemisphere in age- and IQ-matched adult male (mADHD) and female (fADHD) ADHD patients. Methods We studied 48 (ACC) and 42 (cerebellum) male/female pairs of stimulant-free patients with adult ADHD. Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to investigate creatine (Cre), total choline (t-Cho), glutamate + glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol. The mADHD and fADHD groups were compared using robust linear regression. The level of significance was corrected for multiple tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg approach. Results For the ACC, the signals of Cre (p = 0.008) and t-Cho (p = 0.004) showed significant effects of the age covariate as well as an interaction of sex and age (Cre: p = 0.033; t-Cho: p = 0.040). For the Glx signal, an interaction of sex and age could also be observed (p = 0.033). For cerebellar neurometabolites, the signals of t-Cho (p = 0.049) and Glx (p = 0.049) showed significant effects of the factor sex. Conclusion This is the largest study yet to analyze sex differences in brain neurochemistry in adult patients with ADHD. Different age-dependent t-Cho signals in the ACC might be associated with delayed myelinization in mADHD. Further MRS studies in adult ADHD, accounting for possible sex effects, are warranted to validate the present findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Goll
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Meyer
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, St. Urban, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cognitive reserve impacts on disability and cognitive deficits in acute stroke. J Neurol 2019; 266:2495-2504. [PMID: 31254064 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although post-stroke cognitive deficit can significantly limit patient independence and social re-integration, clinical routine predictors for this condition are lacking. 'Cognitive reserve' limits the detrimental effects of slowly developing neurodegeneration. We aimed to determine whether comparable effects also exist in acute stroke. Using 'years of education' as a proxy, we investigated whether cognitive reserve beneficially influences cognitive performance and disability after stroke, whilst controlling for age and lesion size as measure of stroke pathology. METHODS Within the first week of ischemic right hemisphere stroke, 36 patients were assessed for alertness, working memory, executive functions, spatial neglect, global cognition and motor deficit at 4.9 ± 2.1 days post-stroke, in addition to routine clinical tests (NIH Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale on admission < 24 h post-stroke and at discharge 9.5 ± 4.7 days post-stroke). The impact of education was assessed using partial correlation analysis adjusted for lesion size, age, and the time interval between stroke and assessment. To validate our results, we compared groups with similar age and lesion load, but different education levels. RESULTS In the acute stroke phase, years of education predicted both severity of education independent (alertness) and education dependent (working memory, executive functions, global cognition) cognitive deficits and disability (modified Rankin Scale). Spatial neglect seemed to be independent. INTERPRETATION Proxies of cognitive reserve should be considered in stroke research as early as in the acute stroke phase. Cognitive reserve contributes to inter-individual variability in the initial severity of cognitive deficits and disability in acute stroke, and may suggest individualised rehabilitation strategies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Loosli SV, Bormann T, Mader I, Martin M, Schumacher LV, Katzev M, Weiller C, Kaller CP. Dissociation among preserved resistance to proactive interference and impaired behavioral inhibition in a patient with bilateral lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus: A single-case study. Cortex 2019; 119:111-127. [PMID: 31121467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition is not a unitary construct, as different inhibition-related functions have been disentangled. The present single-case study compares performance of a patient with bilateral lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior insula to healthy age-matched controls in different inhibition-related tasks. Particular focus was on the resolution of proactive interference that is supposed to rely on bilateral IFG and anterior insula. Two working memory tasks previously proven sensitive to deficits in proactive interference (recent-probes, n-back) and two tasks measuring behavioral inhibition (verb generation task, Stroop task) were administered. Against expectations, the patient did not show any deficits in measures of proactive interference. However, compared to controls, she demonstrated considerably reduced performance in both measures of behavioral inhibition, thus resulting in a classical dissociation between proactive interference and behavioral inhibition. Although performance improved during the chronic phase post stroke, the overall pattern of a classical dissociation between proactive interference and behavioral inhibition remained stable across time. Taken together, the present data support the role of the IFG in inhibition-related functions, but a direct relationship between lesions in the IFG and difficulties in resolution of proactive interference could not be corroborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Loosli
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bormann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Martin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena V Schumacher
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Katzev
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schuchardt FF, Kaller CP, Strecker C, Lambeck J, Wehrum T, Hennemuth A, Anastasopoulos C, Mader I, Harloff A. Hemodynamics of cerebral veins analyzed by 2d and 4d flow mri and ultrasound in healthy volunteers and patients with multiple sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:205-217. [PMID: 31102341 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic alterations of extracranial veins are considered an etiologic factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, ultrasound and MRI studies could not confirm a pathophysiological link. Because of technical challenges using standard diagnostics, information about the involvement of superficial intracranial veins in proximity to the affected brain in MS is scarce. PURPOSE To comprehensively investigate the hemodynamics of intracranial veins and of the venous outflow tract in MS patients and controls. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twenty-eight patients with relapsing-remitting MS (EDSS1.9 ± 1.1; range 0-3) and 41 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T/2D phase-contrast and time-resolved 4D flow MRI, extra- and transcranial sonography. ASSESSMENT Hemodynamics within the superficial and deep intracranial venous system and outflow tract including the internal, basal, and great cerebral vein, straight, superior sagittal, and transverse sinuses, internal jugular and vertebral veins. Sonography adhered to the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) criteria. STATISTICAL TESTS Multivariate repeated measure analysis of variance, Student's two-sample t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test; separate analysis of the entire cohort and 32 age- and sex-matched participants. RESULTS Multi- and univariate main effects of the factor group (MS patient vs. control) and its interactions with the factor vessel position (lower flow within dorsal superior sagittal sinus in MS, 3 ± 1 ml/s vs. 3.8 ± 1 ml/s; P < 0.05) in the uncontrolled cohort were attributable to age-related differences. Age- and sex-matched pairs showed a different velocity gradient in a single segment within the deep cerebral veins (great cerebral vein, vena cerebri magna [VCM] 7.6 ± 1.7 cm/s; straight sinus [StS] 10.5 ± 2.2 cm/s vs. volunteers: VCM 9.2 ± 2.3 cm/s; StS 10.2 ± 2.3 cm/s; P = 0.01), reaching comparable velocities instantaneously downstream. Sonography was not statistically different between groups. DATA CONCLUSION Consistent with previous studies focusing on extracranial hemodynamics, our comprehensive analysis of intracerebral venous blood flow did not reveal relevant differences between MS patients and controls. Level of Evidence 1. Technical Efficacy Stage 3. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:205-217.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian F Schuchardt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Strecker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johann Lambeck
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wehrum
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Hennemuth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Computing MEVIS, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Computer-assisted Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Germany
| | - Constantinos Anastasopoulos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irina Mader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Schön-Klinik, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Harloff
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Girard TA, Wilkins LK, Lyons KM, Yang L, Christensen BK. Traditional test administration and proactive interference undermine visual-spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:242-253. [PMID: 29848232 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1479248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Working-memory (WM) is a core cognitive deficit among individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). However, the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this deficit are less known. This study applies a modified version of the Corsi Block Test to investigate the role of proactive interference in visuospatial WM (VSWM) impairment in SSD. Methods Healthy and SSD participants completed a modified version of the Corsi Block Test involving both high (typical ascending set size from 4 to 7 items) and low (descending set size from 7 to 4 items) proactive interference conditions. Results The results confirmed that the SSD group performed worse overall relative to a healthy comparison group. More importantly, the SSD group demonstrated greater VSWM scores under low (Descending) versus high (Ascending) proactive interference; this pattern is opposite to that of healthy participants. Conclusions This differential pattern of performance supports that proactive interference associated with the traditional administration format contributes to VSWM impairment in SSD. Further research investigating associated neurocognitive mechanisms and the contribution of proactive interference across other domains of cognition in SSD is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Girard
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Leanne K Wilkins
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Kathleen M Lyons
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Lixia Yang
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hottenrott T, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Dersch R, Berger B, Huzly D, Rauer S, Tebartz van Elst L, Endres D, Stich O. The MRZ reaction and a quantitative intrathecal IgG synthesis may be helpful to differentiate between primary central nervous system lymphoma and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2018; 265:1106-1114. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
11
|
Hottenrott T, Dersch R, Berger B, Endres D, Huzly D, Thiel J, Rauer S, Stich O, Salzer U, Venhoff N. The MRZ reaction helps to distinguish rheumatologic disorders with central nervous involvement from multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 29386006 PMCID: PMC5793342 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some rheumatologic disorders may initially manifest with central nervous system (CNS) affection, mimicking the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid findings of multiple sclerosis (MS). The MRZ reaction (MRZR), composed of the three respective antibody indices (AIs) against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus, has been found positive frequently in MS patients. However, it is unclear whether the MRZR is helpful to distinguish rheumatologic disorders with CNS involvement (RDwCNS) from MS. METHODS The MRZR was evaluated in patients with RDwCNS (n = 23), MS (n = 46; age and sex matched to patients with RDwCNS), and other inflammatory autoimmune neurological diseases affecting the CNS (OIND; n = 48). Both the stringency levels that have been used in previous MRZR studies, MRZR-1 (≥ 1 of 3 AIs positive) and MRZR-2 (≥ 2 of 3 AIs positive), were applied. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of positive MRZR between patients with RDwCNS (MRZR-1: 13.0% and MRZR-2: 8.7%, respectively) and OIND (MRZR-1: 22.9% and MRZR-2: 8.3%, respectively). Compared to these two study cohorts, the MS group exhibited significantly higher prevalences of positive MRZR (MRZR-1: 82.6%, MRZR-2: 63.0%; p < 0.005 each). CONCLUSIONS Considering the high specificity of MRZR-2 for MS found in this study, MRZR-2 can be a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing MS from RDwCNS or OIND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Hottenrott
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Rick Dersch
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Berger
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 5, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Thiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rauer
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stich
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Petit EI, Michalak Z, Cox R, O'Tuathaigh CMP, Clarke N, Tighe O, Talbot K, Blake D, Joel J, Shaw A, Sheardown SA, Morrison AD, Wilson S, Shapland EM, Henshall DC, Kew JN, Kirby BP, Waddington JL. Dysregulation of Specialized Delay/Interference-Dependent Working Memory Following Loss of Dysbindin-1A in Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1349-1360. [PMID: 27986973 PMCID: PMC5437891 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dysbindin-1, a protein that regulates aspects of early and late brain development, has been implicated in the pathobiology of schizophrenia. As the functional roles of the three major isoforms of dysbindin-1, (A, B, and C) remain unknown, we generated a novel mutant mouse, dys-1A-/-, with selective loss of dysbindin-1A and investigated schizophrenia-related phenotypes in both males and females. Loss of dysbindin-1A resulted in heightened initial exploration and disruption in subsequent habituation to a novel environment, together with heightened anxiety-related behavior in a stressful environment. Loss of dysbindin-1A was not associated with disruption of either long-term (olfactory) memory or spontaneous alternation behavior. However, dys-1A-/- showed enhancement in delay-dependent working memory under high levels of interference relative to controls, ie, impairment in sensitivity to the disruptive effect of such interference. These findings in dys-1A-/- provide the first evidence for differential functional roles for dysbindin-1A vs dysbindin-1C isoforms among phenotypes relevant to the pathobiology of schizophrenia. Future studies should investigate putative sex differences in these phenotypic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie I Petit
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zuzanna Michalak
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rachel Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Clarke
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Office of Research and Innovation, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orna Tighe
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Blake
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Joel
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Horizon Discovery, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Shaw
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - Steven A Sheardown
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Takeda Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair D Morrison
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Worldwide Business Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Stephen Wilson
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ellen M Shapland
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James N Kew
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John L Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cyr M, Nee DE, Nelson E, Senger T, Jonides J, Malapani C. Effects of proactive interference on non-verbal working memory. Cogn Process 2017; 18:1-12. [PMID: 27838866 PMCID: PMC5292286 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-016-0784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system responsible for actively maintaining and processing relevant information and is central to successful cognition. A process critical to WM is the resolution of proactive interference (PI), which involves suppressing memory intrusions from prior memories that are no longer relevant. Most studies that have examined resistance to PI in a process-pure fashion used verbal material. By contrast, studies using non-verbal material are scarce, and it remains unclear whether the effect of PI is domain-general or whether it applies solely to the verbal domain. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of PI in visual WM using both objects with high and low nameability. Using a Directed-Forgetting paradigm, we varied discriminability between WM items on two dimensions, one verbal (high-nameability vs. low-nameability objects) and one perceptual (colored vs. gray objects). As in previous studies using verbal material, effects of PI were found with object stimuli, even after controlling for verbal labels being used (i.e., low-nameability condition). We also found that the addition of distinctive features (color, verbal label) increased performance in rejecting intrusion probes, most likely through an increase in discriminability between content-context bindings in WM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Cyr
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Derek E Nee
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Eric Nelson
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thea Senger
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Jonides
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chara Malapani
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Swick D, Cayton J, Ashley V, Turken AU. Dissociation between working memory performance and proactive interference control in post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychologia 2017; 96:111-121. [PMID: 28077328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in working memory (WM) and cognitive control processes have been reported in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in addition to clinical symptoms such as hypervigilance, re-experiencing, and avoidance of trauma reminders. Given the uncontrollable nature of intrusive memories, an important question is whether PTSD is associated with altered control of interference in WM. Some studies also suggest that episodic memory shows a material-specific dissociation in PTSD, with greater impairments in verbal memory and relative sparing of nonverbal memory. It is unclear whether this dissociation applies to WM, as no studies have used identical task parameters across material. Here we tested 29 combat Veterans with PTSD and 29 age-matched control Veterans on a recent probes WM task with words and visual patterns in separate blocks. Participants studied four-item sets, followed by a probe stimulus that had been presented in the previous set (recent probe) or not (nonrecent probe). Participants with PTSD made more errors than controls, and this decrement was similar for verbal and visual stimuli. Proactive interference from items recently presented, but no longer relevant, was not significantly different in the PTSD group and showed no relationship to re-experiencing symptom severity. These results demonstrate that PTSD is not reliably associated with increased intrusions of irrelevant representations into WM when non-emotional stimuli are used. Future studies that use trauma-related material may provide insight into the flashbacks and intrusive thoughts that plague those with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Swick
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Julien Cayton
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA.
| | - Victoria Ashley
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA.
| | - And U Turken
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Köstering L, Schmidt CSM, Weiller C, Kaller CP. Analyses of Rule Breaks and Errors During Planning in Computerized Tower Tasks: Insights From Neurological Patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:738-753. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
16
|
Endres D, Tebartz van Elst L, Feige B, Backenecker S, Nickel K, Bubl A, Lange T, Mader I, Maier S, Perlov E. On the Effect of Sex on Prefrontal and Cerebellar Neurometabolites in Healthy Adults: An MRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:367. [PMID: 27531975 PMCID: PMC4969301 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuropsychiatric research, the aspects of sex have received increasing attention over the past decade. With regard to the neurometabolic differences in the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum of both men and women, we performed a magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) study of a large group of healthy subjects. For neurometabolic measurements, we used single-voxel proton MRS. The voxels of interest (VOI) were placed in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Absolute quantification of creatine (Cre), total choline (t-Cho), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol (mI) was performed. Thirty-three automatically matched ACCs and 31 cerebellar male-female pairs were statistically analyzed. We found no significant neurometabolic differences in the pACC region (Wilks' lambda: p = 0.657). In the left cerebellar region, we detected significant variations between the male and female groups (p = 0.001). Specifically, we detected significantly higher Cre (p = 0.005) and t-Cho (p = 0.000) levels in men. Additionally, males tended to have higher Glx and mI concentrations. This is the first study to report neurometabolic sex differences in the cerebellum. The effects of sexual hormones might have influenced our findings. Our data indicates the importance of adjusting for the confounding effects of sex in MRS studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Backenecker
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Bubl
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department for Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Steinwascher MA, Meiser T. How a high working memory capacity can increase proactive interference. Conscious Cogn 2016; 44:130-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Loosli SV, Rahm B, Unterrainer JM, Mader I, Weiller C, Kaller CP. Age differences in behavioral and neural correlates of proactive interference: Disentangling the role of overall working memory performance. Neuroimage 2016; 127:376-386. [PMID: 26707888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable performance in working memory (WM) critically depends on the ability to resist proactive interference (PI) from previously relevant WM contents. Both WM performance and PI susceptibility are subject to cognitive decline at older adult age. However, the behavioral and neural processes underlying these co-evolving developmental changes and their potential interdependencies are not yet understood. Here, we investigated PI using a recent-probes WM paradigm and functional MRI in a cross-sectional sample of younger (n=18, 10 female, 23.4 ± 2.7 years) and older adults (n=18, 10 female, 70.2 ± 2.7 years). As expected, older adults showed lower WM performance and higher PI susceptibility than younger adults. Resolution of PI activated a mainly bilateral frontal network across all participants. Significant interactions with age indicated reduced neural activation in older adults for PI resolution. A second analysis in a selection of younger and older adults (n=12 each) with matched WM performance also revealed significant differences in PI between both age groups and - on a descriptive level - again a hypo-activation of the older adults' PI network. But the differential effect of age on the neural PI effects did not reach significance in this smaller sample most likely to the reduced statistical power. However, given the highly similar patterns in both the overall and the WM-matched samples, we propose that the hypo-activation of the PI network in the older adults may not be attributable to age-related differences in overall WM performance, hence suggesting that higher PI susceptibility in older adult age does not directly depend on their lower WM performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V Loosli
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Biological and Personality Psychology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Rahm
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josef M Unterrainer
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Dept. of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Dept. of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Z, Wimmer RD, Wilson MA, Halassa MM. Thalamic Circuit Mechanisms Link Sensory Processing in Sleep and Attention. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 9:83. [PMID: 26778969 PMCID: PMC4700269 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between sleep integrity and attentional performance is normally interpreted as poor sleep causing impaired attention. Here, we provide an alternative explanation for this correlation: common thalamic circuits regulate sensory processing across sleep and attention, and their disruption may lead to correlated dysfunction. Using multi-electrode recordings in mice, we find that rate and rhythmicity of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons are predictive of their functional organization in sleep and suggestive of their participation in sensory processing across states. Surprisingly, TRN neurons associated with spindles in sleep are also associated with alpha oscillations during attention. As such, we propose that common thalamic circuit principles regulate sensory processing in a state-invariant manner and that in certain disorders, targeting these circuits may be a more viable therapeutic strategy than considering individual states in isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Ralf D Wimmer
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Halassa
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oh J, Chun JW, Joon Jo H, Kim E, Park HJ, Lee B, Kim JJ. The neural basis of a deficit in abstract thinking in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:66-73. [PMID: 26329118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal abstract thinking is a major cause of social dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, but little is known about its neural basis. In this study, we aimed to determine the characteristic abstract thinking-related brain responses in patients using a task reflecting social situations. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging while 16 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls performed a theme-identification task, in which various emotional pictures depicting social situations were presented. Compared with healthy controls, the patients showed significantly decreased activity in the left frontopolar and right orbitofrontal cortices during theme identification. Activity in these two regions correlated well in the controls, but not in patients. Instead, the patients exhibited a close correlation between activity in both sides of the frontopolar cortex, and a positive correlation between the right orbitofrontal cortex activity and degrees of theme identification. Reduced activity in the left frontopolar and right orbitofrontal cortices and the underlying aberrant connectivity may be implicated in the patients' deficits in abstract thinking. These newly identified features of the neural basis of abnormal abstract thinking are important as they have implications for the impaired social behavior of patients with schizophrenia during real-life situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Oh
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eunseong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreom Lee
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Assessment of planning performance in clinical samples: Reliability and validity of the Tower of London task (TOL-F). Neuropsychologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|