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Sáez M, Keifman E, Alberquilla S, Coll C, Reig R, Murer MG, Moratalla R. D2 dopamine receptors and the striatopallidal pathway modulate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the mouse. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106278. [PMID: 37683958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains a major complication of Parkinson's disease management for which better therapies are necessary. The contribution of the striatonigral direct pathway to LID is widely acknowledged but whether the striatopallidal pathway is involved remains debated. Selective optogenetic stimulation of striatonigral axon terminals induces dyskinesia in mice rendered hemiparkinsonian with the toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Here we show that optogenetically-induced dyskinesia is increased by the D2-type dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole. Although the quinpirole effect may be mediated by D2 receptor stimulation in striatopallidal neurons, alternative mechanisms may be responsible as well. To selectively modulate the striatopallidal pathway, we selectively expressed channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in D2 receptor expressing neurons by crossing D2-Cre and ChR2-flox mice. The animals were rendered hemiparkinsonian and implanted with an optic fiber at the ipsilateral external globus pallidus (GPe). Stimulation of ChR2 at striatopallidal axon terminals reduced LID and also general motility during the off L-DOPA state, without modifying the pro-motor effect of low doses of L-DOPA producing mild or no dyskinesia. Overall, the present study shows that D2-type dopamine receptors and the striatopallidal pathway modulate dyskinesia and suggest that targeting striatopallidal axon terminals at the GPe may have therapeutic potential in the management of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sáez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Ettel Keifman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Samuel Alberquilla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Coll
- Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Ramón Reig
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Mario Gustavo Murer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), 2155 Paraguay St, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Costa-Laparra I, Juárez-Escoto E, Vicario C, Moratalla R, García-Sanz P. APOE ε4 allele, along with G206D- PSEN1 mutation, alters mitochondrial networks and their degradation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1087072. [PMID: 37455931 PMCID: PMC10340123 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1087072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease remains the most common neurodegenerative disorder, depicted mainly by memory loss and the presence in the brain of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This disease is related to several cellular alterations like the loss of synapses, neuronal death, disruption of lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial fragmentation, or raised oxidative stress. Notably, changes in the autophagic pathway have turned out to be a key factor in the early development of the disease. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of the APOE allele ε4 and G206D-PSEN1 on the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Methods Fibroblasts from Alzheimer's patients with APOE 3/4 + G206D-PSEN1 mutation and homozygous APOE ε4 were used to study the effects of APOE polymorphism and PSEN1 mutation on the autophagy pathway, mitochondrial network fragmentation, superoxide anion levels, lysosome clustering, and p62/SQSTM1 levels. Results We observed that the APOE allele ε4 in homozygosis induces mitochondrial network fragmentation that correlates with an increased colocalization with p62/SQSTM1, probably due to an inefficient autophagy. Moreover, G206D-PSEN1 mutation causes an impairment of the integrity of mitochondrial networks, triggering high superoxide anion levels and thus making APOE 3/4 + PSEN1 fibroblasts more vulnerable to cell death induced by oxidative stress. Of note, PSEN1 mutation induces accumulation and clustering of lysosomes that, along with an increase of global p62/SQSTM1, could compromise lysosomal function and, ultimately, its degradation. Conclusion The findings suggest that all these modifications could eventually contribute to the neuronal degeneration that underlies the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Further research in this area may help to develop targeted therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Costa-Laparra
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Juárez-Escoto
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Stem Cells, Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Sanz
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Marini P, Cowie P, Ayar A, Bewick GS, Barrow J, Pertwee RG, MacKenzie A, Tucci P. M3 Receptor Pathway Stimulates Rapid Transcription of the CB1 Receptor Activation through Calcium Signalling and the CNR1 Gene Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021308. [PMID: 36674826 PMCID: PMC9867084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated a possible mechanism that enables CB1/M3 receptor cross-talk, using SH-SY5Y cells as a model system. Our results show that M3 receptor activation initiates signaling that rapidly upregulates the CNR1 gene, resulting in a greatly potentiated CB1 receptor response to agonists. Calcium homeostasis plays an essential intermediary role in this functional CB1/M3 receptor cross-talk. We show that M3 receptor-triggered calcium release greatly increases CB1 receptor expression via both transcriptional and translational activity, by enhancing CNR1 promoter activity. The co-expression of M3 and CB1 receptors in brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala support the hypothesis that the altered synaptic plasticity observed after exposure to cannabinoids involves cross-talk with the M3 receptor subtype. In this context, M3 receptors and their interaction with the cannabinoid system at the transcriptional level represent a potential pharmacogenomic target not only for the develop of new drugs for addressing addiction and tolerance. but also to understand the mechanisms underpinning response stratification to cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Marini
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Philip Cowie
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahmet Ayar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Guy S. Bewick
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - John Barrow
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Roger G. Pertwee
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alasdair MacKenzie
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Jones-Tabah J, Mohammad H, Paulus EG, Clarke PBS, Hébert TE. The Signaling and Pharmacology of the Dopamine D1 Receptor. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:806618. [PMID: 35110997 PMCID: PMC8801442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.806618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive processes. Although the D1R was initially identified as a promising drug target almost 40 years ago, the development of clinically useful ligands has until recently been hampered by a lack of suitable candidate molecules. The emergence of new non-catechol D1R agonists, biased agonists, and allosteric modulators has renewed clinical interest in drugs targeting this receptor, specifically for the treatment of motor impairment in Parkinson's Disease, and cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. To develop better therapeutics, advances in ligand chemistry must be matched by an expanded understanding of D1R signaling across cell populations in the brain, and in disease states. Depending on the brain region, the D1R couples primarily to either Gαs or Gαolf through which it activates a cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling cascade that can regulate neuronal excitability, stimulate gene expression, and facilitate synaptic plasticity. However, like many GPCRs, the D1R can signal through multiple downstream pathways, and specific signaling signatures may differ between cell types or be altered in disease. To guide development of improved D1R ligands, it is important to understand how signaling unfolds in specific target cells, and how this signaling affects circuit function and behavior. In this review, we provide a summary of D1R-directed signaling in various neuronal populations and describe how specific pathways have been linked to physiological and behavioral outcomes. In addition, we address the current state of D1R drug development, including the pharmacology of newly developed non-catecholamine ligands, and discuss the potential utility of D1R-agonists in Parkinson's Disease and cognitive impairment.
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Espadas I, Ortiz O, García-Sanz P, Sanz-Magro A, Alberquilla S, Solis O, Delgado-García JM, Gruart A, Moratalla R. Dopamine D2R is Required for Hippocampal-dependent Memory and Plasticity at the CA3-CA1 Synapse. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2187-2204. [PMID: 33264389 PMCID: PMC7945019 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors play an important role in motivational, emotional, and motor responses. In addition, growing evidence suggests a key role of hippocampal dopamine receptors in learning and memory. It is well known that associative learning and synaptic plasticity of CA3-CA1 requires the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R). However, the specific role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) on memory-related neuroplasticity processes is still undefined. Here, by using two models of D2R loss, D2R knockout mice (Drd2-/-) and mice with intrahippocampal injections of Drd2-small interfering RNA (Drd2-siRNA), we aimed to investigate how D2R is involved in learning and memory as well as in long-term potentiation of the hippocampus. Our studies revealed that the genetic inactivation of D2R impaired the spatial memory, associative learning, and the classical conditioning of eyelid responses. Similarly, deletion of D2R reduced the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 synapse. Our results demonstrate the first direct evidence that D2R is essential in behaving mice for trace eye blink conditioning and associated changes in hippocampal synaptic strength. Taken together, these results indicate a key role of D2R in regulating hippocampal plasticity changes and, in consequence, acquisition and consolidation of spatial and associative forms of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espadas
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Oscar Ortiz
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Sanz
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanz-Magro
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Samuel Alberquilla
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Oscar Solis
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | | | - Agnès Gruart
- División de Neurociencias, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Neurobiologia Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid 28002, Spain
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Dos Santos Pereira M, Abreu GHD, Rocca J, Hamadat S, Raisman-Vozari R, Michel PP, Del Bel E. Contributive Role of TNF-α to L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617085. [PMID: 33510643 PMCID: PMC7836015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our present objective was to better characterize the mechanisms that regulate striatal neuroinflammation in mice developing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). For that, we used 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mice rendered dyskinetic by repeated intraperitoneal injections of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) and quantified ensuing neuroinflammatory changes in the dopamine-denervated dorsal striatum. LID development was associated with a prominent astrocytic response, and a more moderate microglial cell reaction restricted to this striatal area. The glial response was associated with elevations in two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β. Treatment with the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol and the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1) channel antagonist capsazepine diminished LID intensity and decreased TNF-α levels without impacting other inflammation markers. To possibly reproduce the neuroinflammatory component of LID, we exposed astrocyte and microglial cells in culture to candidate molecules that might operate as inflammatory cues during LID development, i.e., L-DOPA, dopamine, or glutamate. Neither L-DOPA nor dopamine produced an inflammatory response in glial cell cultures. However, glutamate enhanced TNF-α secretion and GFAP expression in astrocyte cultures and promoted Iba-1 expression in microglial cultures. Of interest, the antidyskinetic treatment with cannabidiol + capsazepine reduced TNF-α release in glutamate-activated astrocytes. TNF-α, on its own, promoted the synaptic release of glutamate in cortical neuronal cultures, whereas cannabidiol + capsazepine prevented this effect. Therefore, we may assume that the release of TNF-α by glutamate-activated astrocytes may contribute to LID by exacerbating corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs excitability and maintaining astrocytes in an activated state through a self-reinforcing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil.,Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Henrique Dias Abreu
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Jeremy Rocca
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Sabah Hamadat
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Paris Brain Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
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Pérez‐Taboada I, Alberquilla S, Martín ED, Anand R, Vietti‐Michelina S, Tebeka NN, Cantley J, Cragg SJ, Moratalla R, Vallejo M. Diabetes Causes Dysfunctional Dopamine Neurotransmission Favoring Nigrostriatal Degeneration in Mice. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1636-1648. [PMID: 32666590 PMCID: PMC7818508 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate an association between neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Although still a matter of debate, growing evidence from epidemiological and animal studies indicate that preexisting diabetes increases the risk to develop Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms of such an association are unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether diabetes alters striatal dopamine neurotransmission and assessed the vulnerability of nigrostriatal neurons to neurodegeneration. METHODS We used streptozotocin-treated and genetically diabetic db/db mice. Expression of oxidative stress and nigrostriatal neuronal markers and levels of dopamine and its metabolites were monitored. Dopamine release and uptake were assessed using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. 6-Hydroxydopamine was unilaterally injected into the striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Motor performance was scored using specific tests. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in oxidative stress and decreased levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. Levels of proteins regulating dopamine release and uptake, including the dopamine transporter, the Girk2 potassium channel, the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin-2, were decreased in diabetic mice. Electrically evoked levels of extracellular dopamine in the striatum were enhanced, and altered dopamine uptake was observed. Striatal microinjections of a subthreshold dose of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine in diabetic mice, insufficient to cause motor alterations in nondiabetic animals, resulted in motor impairment, higher loss of striatal dopaminergic axons, and decreased neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that diabetes promotes striatal oxidative stress, alters dopamine neurotransmission, and increases vulnerability to neurodegenerative damage leading to motor impairment. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Pérez‐Taboada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEMMadridSpain
| | - Samuel Alberquilla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Eduardo D. Martín
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Rishi Anand
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nchimunya N. Tebeka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Division of Systems MedicineUniversity of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - James Cantley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Division of Systems MedicineUniversity of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEMMadridSpain
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Espadas I, Keifman E, Palomo-Garo C, Burgaz S, García C, Fernández-Ruiz J, Moratalla R. Beneficial effects of the phytocannabinoid Δ 9-THCV in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104892. [PMID: 32387338 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and CB2 receptor agonist properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV) afforded neuroprotection in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas its CB1 receptor antagonist profile at doses lower than 5 mg/kg caused anti-hypokinetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-dyskinetic potential of Δ9-THCV (administered i.p. at 2 mg/kg for two weeks), which had not been investigated before. This objective was investigated after inducing dyskinesia by repeated administration of L-DOPA (i.p. at 10 mg/kg) in a genetic model of dopaminergic deficiency, Pitx3ak mutant mice, which serves as a useful model for testing anti-dyskinetic agents. The daily treatment of these mice with L-DOPA for two weeks progressively increased the time spent in abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and elevated their horizontal and vertical activities (as measured in a computer-aided actimeter), signs that reflected the dyskinetic state of these mice. Interestingly, when combined with L-DOPA from the first injection, Δ9-THCV delayed the appearance of all these signs and decreased their intensity, with a reduction in the levels of FosB protein and the histone pAcH3 (measured by immunohistochemistry), which had previously been found to be elevated in the basal ganglia in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In addition to the anti-dyskinetic effects of Δ9-THCV when administered at the onset of L-DOPA treatment, Δ9-THCV was also effective in attenuating the intensity of dyskinesia when administered for three consecutive days once these signs were already present (two weeks after the onset of L-DOPA treatment). In summary, our data support the anti-dyskinetic potential of Δ9-THCV, both to delay the occurrence and to attenuate the magnitude of dyskinetic signs. Although further studies are clearly required to determine the clinical significance of these data in humans, the results nevertheless situate Δ9-THCV in a promising position for developing a cannabinoid-based therapy for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espadas
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Palomo-Garo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Burgaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Padovan-Neto FE, Patterson S, F Voelkner NM, Altwal F, Beverley JA, West AR, Steiner H. Selective Regulation of 5-HT1B Serotonin Receptor Expression in the Striatum by Dopamine Depletion and Repeated L-DOPA Treatment: Relationship to L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:736-751. [PMID: 31468338 PMCID: PMC7035192 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine and serotonin in the basal ganglia interact in a bidirectional manner. On the one hand, serotonin (5-HT) receptors regulate the effects of dopamine agonists on several levels, ranging from molecular signaling to behavior. These interactions include 5-HT receptor-mediated facilitation of dopamine receptor-induced gene regulation in striatal output pathways, which involves the 5-HT1B receptor and others. Conversely, there is evidence that dopamine action by psychostimulants regulates 5-HT1B receptor expression in the striatum. To further investigate the effects of dopamine and agonists on 5-HT receptors, we assessed the expression of 5-HT1B and other serotonin receptor subtypes in the striatum after unilateral dopamine depletion by 6-OHDA and subsequent treatment with L-DOPA (5 mg/kg; 4 weeks). Neither dopamine depletion nor L-DOPA treatment produced significant changes in 5-HT2C, 5-HT4, or 5-HT6 receptor expression in the striatum. In contrast, the 6-OHDA lesion caused a (modest) increase in 5-HT1B mRNA levels throughout the striatum. Moreover, repeated L-DOPA treatment markedly further elevated 5-HT1B expression in the dopamine-depleted striatum, an effect that was most robust in the sensorimotor striatum. A minor L-DOPA-induced increase in 5-HT1B expression was also seen in the intact striatum. These changes in 5-HT1B expression mimicked changes in the expression of neuropeptide markers (dynorphin, enkephalin mRNA) in striatal projection neurons. After repeated L-DOPA treatment, the severity of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias and turning behavior was positively correlated with the increase in 5-HT1B expression in the associative, but not sensorimotor, striatum ipsilateral to the lesion, suggesting that associative striatal 5-HT1B receptors may play a role in L-DOPA-induced behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Padovan-Neto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Santanna Patterson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nivea M F Voelkner
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Feras Altwal
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Joel A Beverley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Anthony R West
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Heinz Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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10
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Elkouzi A, Tsuboi T, Burns MR, Eisinger RS, Patel A, Deeb W. Dorsal GPi/GPe Stimulation Induced Dyskinesia in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 9:tre-09-685. [PMID: 31565536 PMCID: PMC6744811 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clinical vignette A 68-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease (PD) had bilateral GPi DBS placed for management of his motor fluctuations. He developed stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID) with left dorsal GPi stimulation. Clinical dilemma What do we know about SID in PD patients with GPi DBS? What are the potential strategies used to maximize the DBS therapeutic benefit and minimize the side effects of stimulation? Clinical solution Avoiding the contact implicated in SID and programming more ventral contacts, using lower voltage, frequency and pulse width and programming in bipolar configuration all appear to help minimize the SID and provide appropriate symptomatic motor control. Gap in knowledge Little is known about SID in patients with PD who had GPi DBS therapy. More studies using volume of tissue activated and diffusion tensor imaging MRI are needed to localize specific tracts in or around the GPi that may be implicated in SID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Elkouzi
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew R Burns
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Amar Patel
- Department of Neurology, Yale school of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wissam Deeb
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Keifman E, Ruiz-DeDiego I, Pafundo DE, Paz RM, Solís O, Murer MG, Moratalla R. Optostimulation of striatonigral terminals in substantia nigra induces dyskinesia that increases after L-DOPA in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2146-2161. [PMID: 30895594 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains a major complication of L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease. LID is believed to result from inhibition of substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) neurons by GABAergic striatal projection neurons that become supersensitive to dopamine receptor stimulation after severe nigrostriatal degeneration. Here, we asked if stimulation of direct medium spiny neuron (dMSN) GABAergic terminals at the SNr can produce a full dyskinetic state similar to that induced by L-DOPA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult C57BL6 mice were lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle. Channel rhodopsin was expressed in striatonigral terminals by ipsilateral striatal injection of adeno-associated viral particles under the CaMKII promoter. Optic fibres were implanted on the ipsilateral SNr. Optical stimulation was performed before and 24 hr after three daily doses of L-DOPA at subthreshold and suprathreshold dyskinetic doses. We also examined the combined effect of light stimulation and an acute L-DOPA challenge. KEY RESULTS Optostimulation of striatonigral terminals inhibited SNr neurons and induced all dyskinesia subtypes (optostimulation-induced dyskinesia [OID]) in 6-hydroxydopamine animals, but not in sham-lesioned animals. Additionally, chronic L-DOPA administration sensitised dyskinetic responses to striatonigral terminal optostimulation, as OIDs were more severe 24 hr after L-DOPA administration. Furthermore, L-DOPA combined with light stimulation did not result in higher dyskinesia scores than OID alone, suggesting that optostimulation has a masking effect on LID. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This work suggests that striatonigral inhibition of basal ganglia output (SNr) is a decisive mechanism mediating LID and identifies the SNr as a target for managing LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettel Keifman
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Ruiz-DeDiego
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Esteban Pafundo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Manuel Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Solís
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Gustavo Murer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Sassone J, Valtorta F, Ciammola A. Early Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Parkin Mutation: A Primary Corticostriatal Synaptopathy? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:273. [PMID: 30971883 PMCID: PMC6443894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PARKIN gene cause early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite the high proportion of still missing phenotyping data in the literature devoted to early-onset PD, studies suggest that, as compared with late-onset PD, PARKIN patients show dystonia at onset and extremely dose-sensitive levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). What pathophysiological mechanisms underpin such early and atypical dyskinesia in patients with PARKIN mutations? Though the precise mechanisms underlying dystonia and LID are still unclear, evidence suggests that hyperkinetic disorders in PD are a behavioral expression of maladaptive functional and morphological changes at corticostriatal synapses induced by long-term dopamine (DA) depletion. However, since the dyskinesia in PARKIN patients can also be present at onset, other mechanisms beside the well-established DA depletion may play a role in the development of dyskinesia in these patients. Because cortical and striatal neurons express parkin protein, and parkin modulates the function of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors (iGluRs), an intriguing explanation may rest on the potential role of parkin in directly controlling the glutamatergic corticostriatal synapse transmission. We discuss the novel theory that loss of parkin function can dysregulate transmission at the corticostriatal synapses where they cause early maladaptive changes that co-occur with the changes stemming from DA loss. This hypothesis suggests an early striatal synaptopathy; it could lay the groundwork for pharmacological treatment of dyskinesias and LID in patients with PARKIN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciammola
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Gomez G, Escande MV, Suarez LM, Rela L, Belforte JE, Moratalla R, Murer MG, Gershanik OS, Taravini IRE. Changes in Dendritic Spine Density and Inhibitory Perisomatic Connectivity onto Medium Spiny Neurons in L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6261-6275. [PMID: 30746639 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using bacterial artificial chromosome-double transgenic mice expressing tdTomato in D1 receptor-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and enhanced green fluorescent protein in D2 receptor-MSNs, we have studied changes in spine density and perisomatic GABAergic boutons density in MSNs of both the D1R and D2R pathways, in an experimental model of parkinsonism (mouse injected with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle), both in the parkinsonian and dyskinetic condition induced by L-DOPA treatment. To assess changes in perisomatic GABAergic connectivity onto MSNs, we measured the number of contacts originated from parvalbumin (PV)-containing striatal "fast-spiking" interneurons (FSIs), the major component of a feed-forward inhibition mechanism that regulates spike timing in MSNs, in both cell types as well as the number of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) contacts. Furthermore, we determined changes in PV-immunoreactive cell density by PV immunolabeling combined with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) labeling to detect FSI in a PV-independent manner. We also explored the differential expression of striatal activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) and c-Fos in both types of MSNs as a measure of neuronal activation. Our results confirm previous findings of major structural changes in dendritic spine density after nigrostriatal denervation, which are further modified in the dyskinetic condition. Moreover, the finding of differential modifications in perisomatic GABAergic connectivity and neuronal activation in MSNs suggests an attempt by the system to regain homeostasis after denervation and an imbalance between excitation and inhibition leading to the development of dyskinesia after exposure to L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gomez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Escande
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L M Suarez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Rela
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J E Belforte
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M G Murer
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O S Gershanik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I R E Taravini
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Laboratorio de Parkinson Experimental, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Experimental (LNE), CONICET - Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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14
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Guo YP, Zhi YR, Liu TT, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Global Gene Knockout of Kcnip3 Enhances Pain Sensitivity and Exacerbates Negative Emotions in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:5. [PMID: 30740043 PMCID: PMC6355686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-binding protein Kv channel interacting protein 3 (KChIP3) or downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a member of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family, shows remarkable multifunctional properties. It acts as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus and a modulator of ion channels or receptors, such as Kv4, NMDA receptors and TRPV1 channels on the cytomembrane. Previous studies of Kcnip3-/- mice have indicated that KChIP3 facilitates pain hypersensitivity by repressing Pdyn expression in the spinal cord. Conversely, studies from transgenic daDREAM (dominant active DREAM) mice indicated that KChIP3 contributes to analgesia by repressing Bdnf expression and attenuating the development of central sensitization. To further determine the role of KChIP3 in pain transmission and its possible involvement in emotional processing, we assessed the pain sensitivity and negative emotional behaviors of Kcnip3-/- rats. The knockout rats showed higher pain sensitivity compared to the wild-type rats both in the acute nociceptive pain model and in the late phase (i.e., 2, 4 and 6 days post complete Freund’s adjuvant injection) of the chronic inflammatory pain model. Importantly, Kcnip3-/- rats displayed stronger aversion to the pain-associated compartment, higher anxiety level and aggravated depression-like behavior. Furthermore, RNA-Seq transcriptional profiling of the forebrain cortex were compared between wild-type and Kcnip3-/- rats. Among the 68 upregulated genes, 19 genes (including Nr4a2, Ret, Cplx3, Rgs9, and Itgad) are associated with neural development or synaptic transmission, particularly dopamine neurotransmission. Among the 79 downregulated genes, 16 genes (including Col3a1, Itm2a, Pcdhb3, Pcdhb22, Pcdhb20, Ddc, and Sncaip) are associated with neural development or dopaminergic transmission. Transcriptional upregulation of Nr4a2, Ret, Cplx3 and Rgs9, and downregulation of Col3a1, Itm2a, Pcdhb3 and Ddc, were validated by qPCR analysis. In summary, our studies showed that Kcnip3-/- rats displayed higher pain sensitivity and stronger negative emotions, suggesting an involvement of KChIP3 in negative emotions and possible role in central nociceptive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Momtazi G, Lambrecht BN, Naranjo JR, Schock BC. Regulators of A20 (TNFAIP3): new drug-able targets in inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L456-L469. [PMID: 30543305 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00335.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of the transcription factor Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is central to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, including those of the lung such as cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite recent advances in treatment, management of the inflammatory component of these diseases still remains suboptimal. A20 is an endogenous negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, which has been widely described in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and more recently in terms of chronic lung disorders. However, the underlying mechanism for the apparent lack of A20 in CF, COPD, and asthma has not been investigated. Transcriptional regulation of A20 is complex and requires coordination of different transcription factors. In this review we examine the existing body of research evidence on the regulation of A20, concentrating on pulmonary inflammation. Special focus is given to the repressor downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) and its nuclear and cytosolic action to regulate inflammation. We provide evidence that would suggest the A20-DREAM axis to be an important player in (airway) inflammatory responses and point to DREAM as a potential future therapeutic target for the modification of phenotypic changes in airway inflammatory disorders. A schematic summary describing the role of DREAM in inflammation with a focus on chronic lung diseases as well as the possible consequences of altered DREAM expression on immune responses is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Momtazi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
| | - B N Lambrecht
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,National Biotechnology Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - B C Schock
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
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16
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Genetic enhancement of Ras-ERK pathway does not aggravate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice but prevents the decrease induced by lovastatin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15381. [PMID: 30337665 PMCID: PMC6194127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a close relationship between Ras-ERK1/2 activation in the striatum and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). ERK1/2 activation by L-DOPA takes place through the crosstalk between D1R/AC/PKA/DARPP-32 pathway and NMDA/Ras pathway. Compelling genetic and pharmacological evidence indicates that Ras-ERK1/2 inhibition prevents LID onset and may even revert already established dyskinetic symptoms. However, it is currently unclear whether exacerbation of Ras-ERK1/2 activity in the striatum may further aggravate dyskinesia in experimental animal models. Here we took advantage of two genetic models in which Ras-ERK1/2 signaling is hyperactivated, the Nf1+/− mice, in which the Ras inhibitor neurofibromin is reduced, and the Ras-GRF1 overexpressing (Ras-GRF1 OE) transgenic mice in which a specific neuronal activator of Ras is enhanced. Nf1+/− and Ras-GRF1 OE mice were unilaterally lesioned with 6-OHDA and treated with an escalating L-DOPA dosing regimen. In addition, a subset of Nf1+/− hemi-parkinsonian animals was also co-treated with the Ras inhibitor lovastatin. Our results revealed that Nf1+/− and Ras-GRF1 OE mice displayed similar dyskinetic symptoms to their wild-type counterparts. This observation was confirmed by the lack of differences between mutant and wild-type mice in striatal molecular changes associated to LID (i.e., FosB, and pERK1/2 expression). Interestingly, attenuation of Ras activity with lovastatin does not weaken dyskinetic symptoms in Nf1+/− mice. Altogether, these data suggest that ERK1/2-signaling activation in dyskinetic animals is maximal and does not require further genetic enhancement in the upstream Ras pathway. However, our data also demonstrate that such a genetic enhancement may reduce the efficacy of anti-dyskinetic drugs like lovastatin.
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17
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Genetic Knockdown of mGluR5 in Striatal D1R-Containing Neurons Attenuates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Aphakia Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4037-4050. [PMID: 30259400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
L-DOPA is the main pharmacological therapy for Parkinson's disease. However, long-term exposure to L-DOPA induces involuntary movements termed dyskinesia. Clinical trials show that dyskinesia is attenuated by metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) antagonists. Further, the onset of dyskinesia is delayed by nicotine and mGluR5 expression is lower in smokers than in non-smokers. However, the mechanisms by which mGluR5 modulates dyskinesia and how mGluR5 and nicotine interact have not been established. To address these issues, we studied the role of mGluR5 in D1R-containing neurons in dyskinesia and examined whether nicotine reduces dyskinesia via mGluR5. In the aphakia mouse model of Parkinson's disease, we selectively knocked down mGluR5 in D1R-containing neurons (aphakia-mGluR5KD-D1). We found that genetic downregulation of mGluR5 decreased dyskinesia in aphakia mice. Although chronic nicotine increased the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA in both aphakia and aphakia-mGluR5KD-D1 mice, it caused a robust reduction in dyskinesia only in aphakia, and not in aphakia-mGluR5KD-D1 mice. Downregulating mGluR5 or nicotine treatment after L-DOPA decreased ERK and histone 3 activation, and FosB expression. Combining nicotine and mGluR5 knockdown did not have an added antidyskinetic effect, indicating that the effect of nicotine might be mediated by downregulation of mGluR5 expression. Treatment of aphakia-mGluR5KD-D1 mice with a negative allosteric modulator did not further modify dyskinesia, suggesting that mGluR5 in non-D1R-containing neurons does not play a role in its development. In conclusion, this work suggests that mGluR5 antagonists reduce dyskinesia by mainly affecting D1R-containing neurons and that the effect of nicotine on dyskinetic signs in aphakia mice is likely via mGluR5.
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18
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Bariotto-Dos-Santos K, Padovan-Neto FE, Bortolanza M, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Raisman-Vozari R, Tumas V, Del Bel E. Repurposing an established drug: an emerging role for methylene blue in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:869-882. [PMID: 30022547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) system has been proven to be a valuable modulator of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinsonian rodents. NO activates the enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase and elicits the synthesis of the second-messenger cGMP. Although we have previously described the anti-dyskinetic potential of NO synthase inhibitors on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, the effect of soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitors remains to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the clinically available non-selective inhibitor methylene blue, or the selective soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one), could mitigate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Here, we demonstrated that methylene blue was able to reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia incidence when chronically co-administered with L-DOPA during 3 weeks. Methylene blue chronic (but not acute) administration (2 weeks) was effective in attenuating L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats rendered dyskinetic by a previous course of L-DOPA chronic treatment. Furthermore, discontinuous methylene blue treatment (e.g., co-administration of methylene blue and L-DOPA for 2 consecutive days followed by vehicle and L-DOPA co-administration for 5 days) was effective in attenuating dyskinesia. Finally, we demonstrated that microinjection of methylene blue or ODQ into the lateral ventricle effectively attenuated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Taken together, these results demonstrate an important role of NO-soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP signaling on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The clinical implications of this discovery are expected to advance the treatment options for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Bariotto-Dos-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Eduardo Padovan-Neto
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- INSERM, UPMC, Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpetrière - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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19
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Differential Synaptic Remodeling by Dopamine in Direct and Indirect Striatal Projection Neurons in Pitx3 -/- Mice, a Genetic Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3619-3630. [PMID: 29483281 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3184-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In toxin-based models of Parkinson's disease (PD), striatal projection neurons (SPNs) exhibit dendritic atrophy and spine loss concurrent with an increase in excitability. Chronic l-DOPA treatment that induces dyskinesia selectively restores spine density and excitability in indirect pathway SPNs (iSPNs), whereas spine loss and hyperexcitability persist in direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs). These alterations have only been characterized in toxin-based models of PD, raising the possibility that they are an artifact of exposure to the toxin, which may engage compensatory mechanisms independent of the PD-like pathology or due to the loss of dopaminergic afferents. To test all these, we studied the synaptic remodeling in Pitx3-/- or aphakia mice, a genetic model of PD, in which most of the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra fail to fully differentiate and to innervate the striatum. We made 3D reconstructions of the dendritic arbor and measured excitability in identified SPNs located in dorsal striatum of BAC-Pitx3-/- mice treated with saline or l-DOPA. Both dSPNs and iSPNs from BAC-Pitx3-/- mice had shorter dendritic trees, lower spine density, and more action potentials than their counterparts from WT mice. Chronic l-DOPA treatment restored spine density and firing rate in iSPNs. By contrast, in dSPNs, spine loss and hyperexcitability persisted following l-DOPA treatment, which is similar to what happens in 6-OHDA WT mice. This indicates that dopamine-mediated synaptic remodeling and plasticity is independent of dopamine innervation during SPN development and that Pitx3-/- mice are a good model because they develop the same pathology described in the toxins-based models and in human postmortem studies of advanced PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT As the only genetic model of Parkinson's disease (PD) that develops dyskinesia, Pitx3-/- mice reproduce the behavioral effects seen in humans and are a good system for studying dopamine-induced synaptic remodeling. The studies we present here establish that the structural and functional synaptic plasticity that occur in striatal projection neurons in PD and in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia are specifically due to modulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine and are not artifacts of the use of chemical toxins in PD models. In addition, our findings provide evidence that synaptic plasticity in the Pitx3-/- mouse is similar to that seen in toxin models despite its lack of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum during development. Pitx3-/- mice reproduced the alterations described in patients with advanced PD and in well accepted toxin-based models of PD and dyskinesia. These results further consolidate the fidelity of the Pitx3-/- mouse as a PD model in which to study the morphological and physiological remodeling of striatal projection neurons by administration of l-DOPA and other drugs.
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20
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Yang X, Zhu Z, Ding X, Wang X, Cui G, Hua F, Xiang J. CaMKII inhibition ameliorated levodopa-induced dyskinesia by downregulating tyrosine hydroxylase activity in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2018; 1687:66-73. [PMID: 29452071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa (L-dopa) remains the best treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term L-dopa treatment induces dyskinesia. The mechanism of L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is not fully understood. Enhanced activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and pulsatile dopamine (DA) stimulation plays an important role in LID. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for DA synthesis. Decreased TH activity causes reduced pulsatile DA stimulation, which in turn reduces LID. Moreover, TH is a substrate of CaMKII. However, it is unknown whether inhibition of CaMKII reduces LID by downregulating the activity of TH. In this study, we found that CaMKII antagonist KN-93 reduced DA released in PC12 cells; in the meantime, KN-93 reduced phosphorylated levels of CaMKIIα and TH at Ser 40. Intrastriatal administration of KN-93 reduced LID without affecting the antiparkinsonian effect of L-dopa in PD mice. Mechanistically, KN-93 treatmentreduced phosphorylated CaMKIIα levels and subsequently downregulated phosphorylated TH at Ser 40 expression. Consequently, extracellular DA efflux was reduced andthe activation threshold of the PKA pathway was lowered. Moreover, KN-93 treatment reduced the expression of Arc and Penk, two immediate early genes, induced by chronic L-dopa. These data indicate that inhibition of CaMKIIα decreases LID at least partially by suppressing TH activity and subsequently reducing extracellular DA efflux and the activity of the PKA pathway, suggesting that CaMKIIα may be an alternative target for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| | - Zhongfang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiqing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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21
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Solís O, Moratalla R. Dopamine receptors: homomeric and heteromeric complexes in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1187-1194. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Signal transduction in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: from receptor sensitization to abnormal gene expression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1171-1186. [PMID: 29396608 PMCID: PMC6060907 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of signaling abnormalities have been implicated in the emergence and expression of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). The primary cause for many of these changes is the development of sensitization at dopamine receptors located on striatal projection neurons (SPN). This initial priming, which is particularly evident at the level of dopamine D1 receptors (D1R), can be viewed as a homeostatic response to dopamine depletion and is further exacerbated by chronic administration of l-DOPA, through a variety of mechanisms affecting various components of the G-protein-coupled receptor machinery. Sensitization of dopamine receptors in combination with pulsatile administration of l-DOPA leads to intermittent and coordinated hyperactivation of signal transduction cascades, ultimately resulting in long-term modifications of gene expression and protein synthesis. A detailed mapping of these pathological changes and of their involvement in LID has been produced during the last decade. According to this emerging picture, activation of sensitized D1R results in the stimulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa. This, in turn, activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK), leading to chromatin remodeling and aberrant gene transcription. Dysregulated ERK results also in the stimulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, which promotes protein synthesis. Enhanced levels of multiple effector targets, including several transcription factors have been implicated in LID and associated changes in synaptic plasticity and morphology. This article provides an overview of the intracellular modifications occurring in SPN and associated with LID.
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23
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Suarez LM, Solis O, Aguado C, Lujan R, Moratalla R. L-DOPA Oppositely Regulates Synaptic Strength and Spine Morphology in D1 and D2 Striatal Projection Neurons in Dyskinesia. Cereb Cortex 2018; 26:4253-4264. [PMID: 27613437 PMCID: PMC5066835 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine depletion in Parkinson's disease (PD) produces dendritic spine loss in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and increases their excitability. However, the synaptic changes that occur in MSNs in PD, in particular those induced by chronic L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment, are still poorly understood. We exposed BAC-transgenic D1-tomato and D2-eGFP mice to PD and dyskinesia model paradigms, enabling cell type-specific assessment of changes in synaptic physiology and morphology. The distinct fluorescence markers allowed us to identify D1 and D2 MSNs for analysis using intracellular sharp electrode recordings, electron microscopy, and 3D reconstructions with single-cell Lucifer Yellow injections. Dopamine depletion induced spine pruning in both types of MSNs, affecting mushroom and thin spines equally. Dopamine depletion also increased firing rate in both D1- and D2-MSNs, but reduced evoked-EPSP amplitude selectively in D2-MSNs. L-DOPA treatment that produced dyskinesia differentially affected synaptic properties in D1- and D2-MSNs. In D1-MSNs, spine density remained reduced but the remaining spines were enlarged, with bigger heads and larger postsynaptic densities. These morphological changes were accompanied by facilitation of action potential firing triggered by synaptic inputs. In contrast, although L-DOPA restored the number of spines in D2-MSNs, it resulted in shortened postsynaptic densities. These changes in D2-MSNs correlated with a decrease in synaptic transmission. Our findings indicate that L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with abnormal spine morphology, modified synaptic transmission, and altered EPSP-spike coupling, with distinct effects in D1- and D2-MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Suarez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Solis
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Dept. Ciencias Medicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain, Spain
| | - Rafael Lujan
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Dept. Ciencias Medicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Biosanitario, Albacete, Spain, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Solís O, Garcia-Montes JR, González-Granillo A, Xu M, Moratalla R. Dopamine D3 Receptor Modulates l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia by Targeting D1 Receptor-Mediated Striatal Signaling. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:435-446. [PMID: 26483399 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) belongs to the dopamine D2-like receptor family and is principally located in the ventral striatum. However, previous studies reported D3R overexpression in the dorsal striatum following l-DOPA treatment in parkinsonian animals. This fact has drawn attention in the importance of D3R in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Here, we used D3R knockout mice to assess the role of D3R in LID and rotational sensitization in the hemiparkinsonian model. Mice lacking D3R presented a reduction in dyskinesia without interfering with the antiparkinsonian l-DOPA effect and were accompanied by a reduction in the l-DOPA-induced rotations. Interestingly, deleting D3R attenuated important molecular markers in the D1R-neurons such as FosB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and histone-3 (H3)-activation. Colocalization studies in D1R-tomato and D2R-green fluorescent protein BAC-transgenic mice indicated that l-DOPA-induced D3R overexpression principally occurs in D1R-containing neurons although it is also present in the D2R-neurons. Moreover, D3R pharmacological blockade with PG01037 reduced dyskinesia and the molecular markers expressed in D1R-neurons. In addition, this antagonist further reduced dyskinetic symptoms in D1R heterozygous mice, indicating a direct interaction between D1R and D3R. Together, our results demonstrate that D3R modulates the development of dyskinesia by targeting D1R-mediated intracellular signaling and suggest that decreasing D3R activity may help to ameliorate LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Solís
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ruben Garcia-Montes
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo González-Granillo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Spigolon G, Cavaccini A, Trusel M, Tonini R, Fisone G. cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediates cortico-striatal signaling in a model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 110:37-46. [PMID: 29107639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway has been extensively studied with regard to its involvement in neurodegenerative processes, but little is known about its functions in neurotransmission. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), we show that the pharmacological activation of dopamine D1 receptors (D1R) produces a large increase in JNK phosphorylation. This effect is secondary to dopamine depletion, and is restricted to the striatal projection neurons that innervate directly the output structures of the basal ganglia (dSPN). Activation of JNK in dSPN relies on cAMP-induced phosphorylation of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa (DARPP-32), but does not require N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor transmission. Electrophysiological experiments on acute brain slices from PD mice show that inhibition of JNK signaling in dSPN prevents the increase in synaptic strength caused by activation of D1Rs. Together, our findings show that dopamine depletion confers to JNK the ability to mediate dopamine transmission, informing the future development of therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Spigolon
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Cavaccini
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Trusel
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Nishijima H, Ueno T, Funamizu Y, Ueno S, Tomiyama M. Levodopa treatment and dendritic spine pathology. Mov Disord 2017; 33:877-888. [PMID: 28880414 PMCID: PMC6667906 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Levodopa is the most effective treatment for the motor symptoms of PD. However, chronic oral levodopa treatment can lead to various motor and nonmotor complications because of nonphysiological pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation in the brain. Examinations of autopsy cases with PD have revealed a decreased number of dendritic spines of striatal neurons. Animal models of PD have revealed altered density and morphology of dendritic spines of neurons in various brain regions after dopaminergic denervation or dopaminergic denervation plus levodopa treatment, indicating altered synaptic transmission. Recent studies using rodent models have reported dendritic spine head enlargement in the caudate‐putamen, nucleus accumbens, primary motor cortex, and prefrontal cortex in cases where chronic levodopa treatment following dopaminergic denervation induced dyskinesia‐like abnormal involuntary movement. Hypertrophy of spines results from insertion of alpha‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐4‐isoxazolepropanoic acid receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. Such spine enlargement indicates hypersensitivity of the synapse to excitatory inputs and is compatible with a lack of depotentiation, which is an electrophysiological hallmark of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia found in the corticostriatal synapses of dyskinetic animals and the motor cortex of dyskinetic PD patients. This synaptic plasticity may be one of the mechanisms underlying the priming of levodopa‐induced complications such as levodopa‐induced dyskinesia and dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Drugs that could potentially prevent spine enlargement, such as calcium channel blockers, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonists, alpha‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐4‐isoxazolepropanoic acid receptor antagonists, and metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists, are candidates for treatment of levodopa‐induced complications in PD. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Funamizu
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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27
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28
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Sanz-Blasco S, Bordone MP, Damianich A, Gomez G, Bernardi MA, Isaja L, Taravini IR, Hanger DP, Avale ME, Gershanik OS, Ferrario JE. The Kinase Fyn As a Novel Intermediate in L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5125-5136. [PMID: 28840468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine replacement therapy with L-DOPA is the treatment of choice for Parkinson's disease; however, its long-term use is frequently associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Many molecules have been implicated in the development of LID, and several of these have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets. However, to date, none of these molecules have demonstrated full clinical efficacy, either because they lie downstream of dopaminergic signaling, or due to adverse side effects. Therefore, discovering new strategies to reduce LID in Parkinson's disease remains a major challenge. Here, we have explored the tyrosine kinase Fyn, as a novel intermediate molecule in the development of LID. Fyn, a member of the Src kinase family, is located in the postsynaptic density, where it regulates phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in response to dopamine D1 receptor stimulation. We have used Fyn knockout and wild-type mice, lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine and chronically treated with L-DOPA, to investigate the role of Fyn in the induction of LID. We found that mice lacking Fyn displayed reduced LID, ΔFosB accumulation and NR2B phosphorylation compared to wild-type control mice. Pre-administration of saracatinib (AZD0530), an inhibitor of Fyn activity, also significantly reduced LID in dyskinetic wild-type mice. These results support that Fyn has a critical role in the molecular pathways affected during the development of LID and identify Fyn as a novel potential therapeutic target for the management of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sanz-Blasco
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Melina P Bordone
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Ana Damianich
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Gimena Gomez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Bernardi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Luciana Isaja
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Irene R Taravini
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.,Facultad de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Gualeguaychu, 2820, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Diane P Hanger
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - M Elena Avale
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Oscar S Gershanik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.
| | - Juan E Ferrario
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.
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Villalba RM, Smith Y. Loss and remodeling of striatal dendritic spines in Parkinson's disease: from homeostasis to maladaptive plasticity? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:431-447. [PMID: 28540422 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and animal models of PD, the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) projection leads to two major changes in the morphology of striatal projection neurons (SPNs), i.e., a profound loss of dendritic spines and the remodeling of axospinous glutamatergic synapses. Striatal spine loss is an early event tightly associated with the extent of striatal DA denervation, but not the severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms, suggesting that striatal spine pruning might be a form of homeostatic plasticity that compensates for the loss of striatal DA innervation and the resulting dysregulation of corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission. On the other hand, the remodeling of axospinous corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic synapses might represent a form of late maladaptive plasticity that underlies changes in the strength and plastic properties of these afferents and the resulting increased firing and bursting activity of striatal SPNs in the parkinsonian state. There is also evidence that these abnormal synaptic connections might contribute to the pathophysiology of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Despite the significant advances made in this field over the last thirty years, many controversial issues remain about the striatal SPN subtypes affected, the role of spine changes in the altered activity of SPNs in the parkinsonisn state, and the importance of striatal spine plasticity in the pathophysiology of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In this review, we will examine the current state of knowledge of these issues, discuss the limitations of the animal models used to address some of these questions, and assess the relevance of data from animal models to the human-diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. .,UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.,UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Solís O, García-Montes JR, Garcia-Sanz P, Herranz AS, Asensio MJ, Kang G, Hiroi N, Moratalla R. Human COMT over-expression confers a heightened susceptibility to dyskinesia in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 102:133-139. [PMID: 28315782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) degrades dopamine and its precursor l-DOPA and plays a critical role in regulating synaptic dopamine actions. We investigated the effects of heightened levels of COMT on dopamine-regulated motor behaviors and molecular alterations in a mouse model of dyskinesia. Transgenic mice overexpressing human COMT (TG) and their wildtype (WT) littermates received unilateral 6-OHDA lesions in the dorsal striatum and were treated chronically with l-DOPA for two weeks. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was exacerbated in TG mice without altering l-DOPA motor efficacy as determined by contralateral rotations or motor coordination. Inductions of FosB and phospho-acetylated histone 3 (molecular correlates of dyskinesia) were potentiated in the lesioned striatum of TG mice compared with their WT littermates. The TG mice had lower basal levels of dopamine in the striatum. In mice with lesions, l-DOPA induces a greater increase in the dopamine metabolite 3-methoxytyramine in the lesioned striatum of dyskinetic TG mice than in WT mice. The levels of serotonin and its metabolite were similar in TG and WT mice. Our results demonstrate that human COMT overexpression confers a heightened susceptibility to l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and alters molecular and neurochemical responses in the lesioned striatum of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Solís
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Rubén García-Montes
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia-Sanz
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio S Herranz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Maria-José Asensio
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Gina Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noboru Hiroi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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F Hernández L, Castela I, Ruiz-DeDiego I, Obeso JA, Moratalla R. Striatal activation by optogenetics induces dyskinesias in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson disease. Mov Disord 2017; 32:530-537. [PMID: 28256089 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term levodopa (l-dopa) treatment is associated with the development of l-dopa-induced dyskinesias in the majority of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The etiopathogonesis and mechanisms underlying l-dopa-induced dyskinesias are not well understood. METHODS We used striatal optogenetic stimulation to induce dyskinesias in a hemiparkinsonian model of PD in rats. Striatal dopamine depletion was induced unilaterally by 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the medial forebrain bundle. For the optogenetic manipulation, we injected adeno-associated virus particles expressing channelrhodopsin to stimulate striatal medium spiny neurons with a laser source. RESULTS Simultaneous optical activation of medium spiny neurons of the direct and indirect striatal pathways in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion but l-dopa naïve rats induced involuntary movements similar to l-dopa-induced dyskinesias, labeled here as optodyskinesias. Noticeably, optodyskinesias were facilitated by l-dopa in animals that did not respond initially to the laser stimulation. In general, optodyskinesias lasted while the laser stimulus was applied, but in some instances remained ongoing for a few seconds after the laser was off. Postmortem tissue analysis revealed increased FosB expression, a molecular marker of l-dopa-induced dyskinesias, primarily in medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway in the dopamine-depleted hemisphere. CONCLUSION Selective optogenetic activation of the dorsolateral striatum elicits dyskinesias in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD. This effect was associated with a preferential activation of the direct striato-nigral pathway. These results potentially open new avenues in the understanding of mechanisms involved in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledia F Hernández
- HM-CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles and Medical School, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Castela
- HM-CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles and Medical School, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-DeDiego
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Obeso
- HM-CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles and Medical School, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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33
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Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM), a target for anti-thrombotic agents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:283-287. [PMID: 28065857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating platelets participate in the process of numerous diseases including thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the underlying mechanisms mediating platelet activation under disease conditions. Emerging evidence indicates that despite the lack of a nucleus, platelets possess molecules that are involved in gene transcription in nucleated cells. This review will summarize downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a transcriptional repressor, and highlight recent findings suggesting its novel non-transcriptional role in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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34
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Han C, Nie S, Chen G, Ma K, Xiong N, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang T, Papa SM, Cao X. Intrastriatal injection of ionomycin profoundly changes motor response to l-DOPA and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Neuroscience 2016; 340:23-33. [PMID: 27771532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term l-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease is accompanied with fluctuations of motor responses and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Phosphorylation of the dopamine and c-AMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa (DARPP-32) plays a role in the pathogenesis of LID, and thus dephosphorylation of this protein by activated calcineurin may help reduce LID. One important activator of calcineurin is the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. Here, we investigated whether intrastriatal injection of ionomycin to hemiparkinsonian rats produced changes in l-DOPA responses including LID. We also analyzed the effects of ionomycin on key molecular mediators of LID. Results confirmed our hypothesis that ionomycin could downregulate the phosphorylation of DARPP32 at Thr-34 and reduce LID. Besides, ionomycin decreased two established molecular markers of LID, FosB/ΔFosB and phosphorylated ERK1/2. Ionomycin also decreased the phosphorylation of three main subunits of the NMDA receptor, NR1 phosphorylated at ser896, NR2A phosphorylated at Tyr-1325, and NR2B phosphorylated at Tyr-1472. Furthermore, the anti-LID effect of striatally injected ionomycin was not accompanied by reduction of the antiparkinsonian action of l-DOPA. These data indicate that ionomycin largely interacts with striatal mechanisms that are critical to the l-DOPA motor response highlighting the role of protein dephosphorylation by calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuke Nie
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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35
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Del-Bel E, Bortolanza M, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Bariotto K, Raisman-Vozari R. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Are neuroinflammation and astrocytes key elements? Synapse 2016; 70:479-500. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; FMRP; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Behavioral Neuroscience; FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 13400 Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; FMRP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Keila Bariotto
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Behavioral Neuroscience; FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 13400 Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- INSERM UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC; Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpetrière-ICM (Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière); Paris France
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36
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Hawthorne GH, Bernuci MP, Bortolanza M, Tumas V, Issy AC, Del-Bel E. Nanomedicine to Overcome Current Parkinson's Treatment Liabilities: A Systematic Review. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:715-729. [PMID: 27581037 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles might be produced and manipulated to present a large spectrum of properties. The physicochemical features of the engineered nanomaterials confer to them different features, including the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The main objective of this review is to present the state-of-art research in nano manipulation concerning Parkinson's disease (PD). In the past few years, the association of drugs with nanoparticles solidly improved treatment outcomes. We systematically reviewed 28 studies, describing their potential contributions regarding the role of nanomedicine to increase the efficacy of known pharmacological strategies for PD treatment. Data from animal models resulted in the (i) improvement of pharmacological properties, (ii) more stable drug concentrations, (iii) longer half-live and (iv) attenuation of pharmacological adverse effects. As this approach is recent, with many of the described works being published less than 5 years ago, the expectancy is that this knowledge gives support to an improvement in the current clinical methods to the management of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Picinin Bernuci
- Department of Health Promotion, University Center of Maringá (UniCesumar), Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Maringa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Issy
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Morphology Physiology and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Dos-Santos-Pereira M, da-Silva CA, Guimarães FS, Del-Bel E. Co-administration of cannabidiol and capsazepine reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice: Possible mechanism of action. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:179-95. [PMID: 27373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Aparecida da-Silva
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Av. Café S/N, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physiology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; USP, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmacology, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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38
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Solís O, García-Sanz P, Herranz AS, Asensio MJ, Moratalla R. L-DOPA Reverses the Increased Free Amino Acids Tissue Levels Induced by Dopamine Depletion and Rises GABA and Tyrosine in the Striatum. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:67-75. [PMID: 26966009 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in the cerebral levels of various amino acids are associated with neurological disorders, and previous studies have suggested that such alterations have a role in the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, the direct effects of chronic L-DOPA treatment, that produces dyskinesia, on neural tissue amino acid concentrations have not been explored in detail. To evaluate whether striatal amino acid concentrations are altered in peak dose dyskinesia, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian mice were treated chronically with L-DOPA and tissue amino acid concentrations were assessed by HPLC analysis. These experiments revealed that neither 6-OHDA nor L-DOPA treatment are able to alter glutamate in the striatum. However, glutamine increases after 6-OHDA and returns back to normal levels with L-DOPA treatment, suggesting increased striatal glutamatergic transmission with lack of dopamine. In addition, glycine and taurine levels are increased following dopamine denervation and restored to normal levels by L-DOPA. Interestingly, dyskinetic animals showed increased levels of GABA and tyrosine, while aspartate striatal tissue levels are not altered. Overall, our results indicate that chronic L-DOPA treatment, besides normalizing the altered levels of some amino acids after 6-OHDA, robustly increases striatal GABA and tyrosine levels which may in turn contribute to the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Solís
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Dr. Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Sanz
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Dr. Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio S Herranz
- Servicio Neurobiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Asensio
- Servicio Neurobiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Dr. Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Mendieta L, Granado N, Aguilera J, Tizabi Y, Moratalla R. Fragment C Domain of Tetanus Toxin Mitigates Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity and Its Motor Consequences in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw021. [PMID: 26945022 PMCID: PMC5006194 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) is a nontoxic peptide with demonstrated in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects against striatal dopaminergic damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 6-hydoxydopamine, suggesting its possible therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease. Methamphetamine, a widely abused psychostimulant, has selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents, monkeys, and humans. This study was undertaken to determine whether Hc-TeTx might also protect against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and the consequent motor impairment. METHODS For this purpose, we treated mice with a toxic regimen of methamphetamine (4mg/kg, 3 consecutive i.p. injections, 3 hours apart) followed by 3 injections of 40 ug/kg of Hc-TeTx into grastrocnemius muscle at 1, 24, and 48 hours post methamphetamine treatment. RESULTS We found that Hc-TeTx significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter and the increases in silver staining (a well stablished degeneration marker) induced by methamphetamine in the striatum. Moreover, Hc-TeTx prevented the increase of neuronal nitric oxide synthase but did not affect microglia activation induced by methamphetamine. Stereological neuronal count in the substantia nigra indicated loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons after methamphetamine that was partially prevented by Hc-TeTx. Importantly, impairment in motor behaviors post methamphetamine treatment were significantly reduced by Hc-TeTx. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate that Hc-TeTx can provide significant protection against acute methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and motor impairment, suggesting its therapeutic potential in methamphetamine abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Drs Mendieta, Granado, and Moratalla); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain (Drs Mendieta, Granado, Aguilera, and Moratalla); Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Aguilera); Departament of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC (Dr Tizabi).
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40
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Moustafa AA, Phillips J, Kéri S, Misiak B, Frydecka D. On the Complexity of Brain Disorders: A Symptom-Based Approach. Front Comput Neurosci 2016; 10:16. [PMID: 26941635 PMCID: PMC4763073 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that brain disorders involve multiple and different neural dysfunctions, including regional brain damage, change to cell structure, chemical imbalance, and/or connectivity loss among different brain regions. Understanding the complexity of brain disorders can help us map these neural dysfunctions to different symptom clusters as well as understand subcategories of different brain disorders. Here, we discuss data on the mapping of symptom clusters to different neural dysfunctions using examples from brain disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, we discuss data on the similarities of symptoms in different disorders. Importantly, computational modeling work may be able to shed light on plausible links between various symptoms and neural damage in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia; Marcs Institute for Brain and Behavior, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Phillips
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Nyírö Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blazej Misiak
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw, Poland
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Li X, Zhuang P, Li Y. Altered Neuronal Firing Pattern of the Basal Ganglia Nucleus Plays a Role in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:630. [PMID: 26635583 PMCID: PMC4658433 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa therapy alleviates the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but long-term treatment often leads to motor complications such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). AIM To explore the neuronal activity in the basal ganglia nuclei in patients with PD and LID. METHODS Thirty patients with idiopathic PD (age, 55.1 ± 11.0 years; disease duration, 8.7 ± 5.6 years) were enrolled between August 2006 and August 2013 at the Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. Their Hoehn and Yahr (1967) scores ranged from 2-4 and their UPDRS III scores were 28.5 ± 5.2. Fifteen of them had severe LID (UPDRS IV scores of 6.7 ± 1.6). Microelectrode recording was performed in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) during pallidotomy (n = 12) or STN deep brain stimulation (DBS; bilateral, n = 12; unilateral, n = 6). The firing patterns and frequencies of various cell types were analyzed by assessing single cell interspike intervals (ISIs) and the corresponding coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS A total of 295 neurons were identified from the GPi (n = 12) and STN (n = 18). These included 26 (8.8%) highly grouped discharge, 30 (10.2%) low frequency firing, 78 (26.4%) rapid tonic discharge, 103 (34.9%) irregular activity, and 58 (19.7%) tremor-related activity. There were significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05) for neurons with irregular firing, highly irregular cluster-like firing, and low-frequency firing. CONCLUSION Altered neuronal activity was observed in the basal ganglia nucleus of GPi and STN, and may play important roles in the pathophysiology of PD and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhuang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
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Moratalla R, Khairnar A, Simola N, Granado N, García-Montes JR, Porceddu PF, Tizabi Y, Costa G, Morelli M. Amphetamine-related drugs neurotoxicity in humans and in experimental animals: Main mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 155:149-170. [PMID: 26455459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that, besides having the potential for abuse, amphetamine-related drugs may also elicit neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects. The neurotoxic potentials of MDMA and METH to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons have been clearly demonstrated in both rodents and non-human primates. This review summarizes the species-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MDMA and METH-mediated neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects, along with the most important behavioral changes elicited by these substances in experimental animals and humans. Emphasis is placed on the neuropsychological and neurological consequences associated with the neuronal damage. Moreover, we point out the gap in our knowledge and the need for developing appropriate therapeutic strategies to manage the neurological problems associated with amphetamine-related drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Noelia Granado
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ruben García-Montes
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pier Francesca Porceddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
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Martín R, Bajo-Grañeras R, Moratalla R, Perea G, Araque A. Circuit-specific signaling in astrocyte-neuron networks in basal ganglia pathways. Science 2015; 349:730-4. [PMID: 26273054 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa7945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are important regulatory elements in brain function. They respond to neurotransmitters and release gliotransmitters that modulate synaptic transmission. However, the cell- and synapse-specificity of the functional relationship between astrocytes and neurons in certain brain circuits remains unknown. In the dorsal striatum, which mainly comprises two intermingled subtypes (striatonigral and striatopallidal) of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and synapses belonging to two neural circuits (the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia), subpopulations of astrocytes selectively responded to specific MSN subtype activity. These subpopulations of astrocytes released glutamate that selectively activated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in homotypic, but not heterotypic, MSNs. Likewise, astrocyte subpopulations selectively regulated homotypic synapses through metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Therefore, bidirectional astrocyte-neuron signaling selectively occurs between specific subpopulations of astrocytes, neurons, and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martín
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bajo-Grañeras
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Perea
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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Bido S, Solari N, Indrigo M, D'Antoni A, Brambilla R, Morari M, Fasano S. Differential involvement of Ras-GRF1 and Ras-GRF2 in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:662-78. [PMID: 26125041 PMCID: PMC4479526 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent findings have shown that pharmacogenetic manipulations of the Ras-ERK pathway provide a therapeutic means to tackle l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID). First, we investigated whether a prolonged l-DOPA treatment differentially affected ERK signaling in medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway (dMSNs) and in cholinergic aspiny interneurons (ChIs) and assessed the role of Ras-GRF1 in both subpopulations. Second, using viral-assisted technology, we probed Ras-GRF1 and Ras-GRF2 as potential targets in this pathway. We investigated how selective blockade of striatal Ras-GRF1 or Ras-GRF2 expression impacted on LID (induction, maintenance, and reversion) and its neurochemical correlates. Methods We used both Ras-GRF1 knockout mice and lentiviral vectors (LVs) delivering short-hairpin RNA sequences (shRNAs) to obtain striatum-specific gene knockdown of Ras-GRF1 and Ras-GRF2. The consequences of these genetic manipulations were evaluated in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Escalating doses of l-DOPA were administered and then behavioral analysis with immunohistochemical assays and in vivo microdialysis were performed. Results Ras-GRF1 was found essential in controlling ERK signaling in dMSNs, but its ablation did not prevent ERK activation in ChIs. Moreover, striatal injection of LV-shRNA/Ras-GRF1 attenuated dyskinesia development and ERK-dependent signaling, whereas LV-shRNA/Ras-GRF2 was without effect, ruling out the involvement of Ras-GRF2 in LID expression. Accordingly, Ras-GRF1 but not Ras-GRF2 striatal gene-knockdown reduced l-DOPA-induced GABA and glutamate release in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, a neurochemical correlate of dyskinesia. Finally, inactivation of Ras-GRF1 provided a prolonged anti-dyskinetic effect for up to 7 weeks and significantly attenuated symptoms in animals with established LID. Interpretation Our results suggest that Ras-GRF1 is a promising target for LID therapy based on Ras-ERK signaling inhibition in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bido
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Solari
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy ; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Indrigo
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy ; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" Milan, Italy
| | - Angela D'Antoni
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy ; Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Morari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy ; Neuroscience Centre and National Institute of Neuroscience Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy ; Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Ruiz-DeDiego I, Naranjo J, Hervé D, Moratalla R. Dopaminergic regulation of olfactory type G-protein α subunit expression in the striatum. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1039-49. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ruiz-DeDiego
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| | - J.R. Naranjo
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - D. Hervé
- Inserm UMR S-839, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - R. Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
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