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Li Z, Li J, Wei Y, Zou W, Vidjro OE, Wang J, Zhou L, Zhu Y, Ma T. Anterior and Posterior Basolateral Amygdala Projections of Cell Type-Specific D1-Expressing Neurons From the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Differentially Control Alcohol-Seeking Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:963-973. [PMID: 37952812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is characterized by compulsive alcohol-seeking behavior, which is associated with dysregulation of afferent projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, the contribution of the cell type-specific mechanism in this neuronal circuit to alcohol-seeking behavior remains unclear. METHODS Mice were trained with 2-bottle choice and operant alcohol self-administration procedures. Anterograde and retrograde viral methods traced the connection between dopamine type 1 receptor (D1R) neurons and BLA neurons. Electrophysiology and in vivo optogenetic techniques were used to test the function of neural circuits in alcohol-seeking behavior. RESULTS Chronic alcohol consumption preferentially changed the activity of posterior BLA (pBLA) neurons but not anterior BLA (aBLA) neurons and overexcited D1R neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, we found that 2 populations of D1R neurons, anterior and posterior (pD1R) neurons, separately targeted the aBLA and pBLA, respectively, and only a few D1R neurons innervated both aBLA and pBLA neurons. Furthermore, pD1R neurons exhibited more excitability than anterior D1R neurons in alcohol-drinking mice. Moreover, we observed enhanced glutamatergic transmission and an increased NMDA/AMPA receptor ratio in the medial prefrontal cortex inputs from pD1R neurons to the pBLA. Optogenetic long-term depression induction of the pD1R-pBLA circuit reduced alcohol-seeking behavior, while optogenetic long-term depression or long-term potentiation induction of the anterior D1R-aBLA circuit produced no change in alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS The pD1R-pBLA circuit mediates chronic alcohol consumption, which may suggest a cell type-specific neuronal mechanism underlying reward-seeking behavior in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanxia Wei
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanying Zou
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Olivia Ewi Vidjro
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Key laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- College of Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for Forensic Science, National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Toxicology, the Key laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Olsen CM, Glaeser BL, Szabo A, Raff H, Everson CA. The effects of sleep restriction during abstinence on oxycodone seeking: Sex-dependent moderating effects of behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-related phenotypes. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114372. [PMID: 37805135 PMCID: PMC10841994 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
During opioid use and abstinence, sleep disturbances are common and are thought to exacerbate drug craving. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sleep restriction during abstinence from oxycodone self-administration would increase drug seeking during extinction and footshock reinstatement tests. We also performed behavioral phenotyping to determine if individual variation in responses to stressors and/or pain are associated with oxycodone seeking during abstinence, as stress, pain and sleep disturbance are often co-occurring phenomena. Sleep restriction during abstinence did not have selective effects on oxycodone seeking for either sex in extinction and footshock reinstatement tests. Some phenotypes were associated with drug seeking; these associations differed by sex and type of drug seeking assessment. In female rats, pain-related phenotypes were related to high levels of drug seeking during the initial extinction session. In male rats, lower anxiety-like behavior in the open field was associated with greater drug seeking, although this effect was lost when correcting for oxycodone intake. Adrenal sensitivity prior to oxycodone exposure was positively associated with footshock reinstatement in females. This work identifies sex-dependent relationships between HPA axis function and opioid seeking, indicating that HPA axis function could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of opioid use disorder, with tailored approaches based on sex. Sleep disturbance during abstinence did not appear to be a major contributing factor to opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Olsen
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Breanna L Glaeser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine), Surgery, and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carol A Everson
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine) and Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Greener MR, Storr SJ. Conflicting theories on addiction aetiology and the strengths and limitations of substance use disorder disease modelling. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1166852. [PMID: 37745284 PMCID: PMC10511750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1166852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of cross-disciplinary unanimity prevails within addiction research. Theories conceptualizing addiction through the three-stage brain disease model contest other theories that substance use disorder is of behavioural or genetic origin. The reverberations of this lack of consensus are noticeable throughout addiction research and within the foundations of disease modelling. The availability of methods to investigate substance use disorder are inconsistent and sometimes unrepresentative. This review discusses theories of addiction aetiology, available models for addiction research and the strengths and limitations of current practical experimental methods of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Greener
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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4
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Cheng Y, Dempsey RE, Roodsari SK, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, George O, Sanford LD, Guo ML. Cocaine Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and CRF Signaling in a Region- and Sex-Dependent Manner in Rat Brain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1800. [PMID: 37509440 PMCID: PMC10376186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine, one of the most abused drugs worldwide, is capable of activating microglia in vitro and in vivo. Several neuroimmune pathways have been suggested to play roles in cocaine-mediated microglial activation. Previous work showed that cocaine activates microglia in a region-specific manner in the brains of self-administered mice. To further characterize the effects of cocaine on microglia and neuroimmune signaling in vivo, we utilized the brains from both sexes of outbred rats with cocaine self-administration to explore the activation status of microglia, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling, and NF-κB levels in the striatum and hippocampus (HP). Age-matched rats of the same sex (drug naïve) served as controls. Our results showed that cocaine increased neuroinflammation in the striatum and HP of both sexes with a relatively higher increases in male brains. In the striatum, cocaine upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activity and CRF levels in males but not in females. In contrast, cocaine increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity in the HP of females but not in males, and no effects on CRF signaling were observed in this region of either sex. Interestingly, cocaine increased NF-κB levels in the striatum and HP with no sex difference. Taken together, our results provide evidence that cocaine can exert region- and sex-specific differences in neuroimmune signaling in the brain. Targeting neuroimmune signaling has been suggested as possible treatment for cocaine use disorders (CUDs). Our current results indicate that sex should be taken into consideration when determining the efficacy of these new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Rachael Elizabeth Dempsey
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Dorela D Shuboni-Mulligan
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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5
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Berger G, Corris JD, Fields SE, Hao L, Scarpa LL, Bello NT. Systematic Review of Binge Eating Rodent Models for Developing Novel or Repurposing Existing Pharmacotherapies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050742. [PMID: 37238615 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in developing and screening candidate pharmacotherapies for psychiatric disorders have depended on rodent models. Eating disorders are a set of psychiatric disorders that have traditionally relied on behavioral therapies for effective long-term treatment. However, the clinical use of Lisdexamfatamine for binge eating disorder (BED) has furthered the notion of using pharmacotherapies for treating binge eating pathologies. While there are several binge eating rodent models, there is not a consensus on how to define pharmacological effectiveness within these models. Our purpose is to provide an overview of the potential pharmacotherapies or compounds tested in established rodent models of binge eating behavior. These findings will help provide guidance for determining pharmacological effectiveness for potential novel or repurposed pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Berger
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Joshua D Corris
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Spencer E Fields
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Lori L Scarpa
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Perrine SA, Alsharif WF, Harutyunyan A, Kamal S, Viola NT, Gelovani JG. Low- and high-cocaine intake affects the spatial and temporal dynamics of class IIa HDAC expression-activity in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus of male rats as measured by [18F]TFAHA PET/CT neuroimaging. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100046. [PMID: 36540409 PMCID: PMC9762729 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Repeated cocaine alters neuronal function in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain region involved in cocaine taking, and in hippocampus (HC), known for contextual and associative learning. [18F]TFAHA is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) class IIa-specific radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging developed by our group to study epigenetic mechanisms. Here, [18F]TFAHA was used to conduct PET-imaging coupled with computed tomography (CT) of rat brains at baseline and after repeated cocaine intravenous self-administration (cocaine-IVSA) in low-intake versus high-intake cocaine groups. A 3 h-access FR1-schedule of cocaine-IVSA (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) for 12 continuous days was used with male Sprague Dawley rats following jugular vein catheterization. PET/CT neuroimaging with [18F]TFAHA was acquired in a dynamic mode over 40 min post-radiotracer administration at baseline and on day 12 of cocaine-IVSA using a longitudinal, repeated design. This study shows that high-cocaine intake significantly decreases class IIa HDAC expression-activity in NAc, while low-cocaine intake significantly decreases expression-activity in HC in male rats. These findings suggest the individual rats with low-cocaine intake had epigenetic changes in HC, where drug-associative changes occur. Alternatively, individuals with high-cocaine intake had robust epigenetic changes in NAc, where rewared-related behaviors originate. These findings are the first longitudinal data obtained in vivo to implicate class IIa HDACs in the persistent behavioral effects of cocaine. Furthermore, our results are consistent with published research implicating class IIa HDACs in cocaine-induced brain changes and studies suggesting a relationship between an individual's drug-taking behavior and regional pattern of epigenetic changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A. Perrine
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Suite 3119, Detroit, MI, USA
- Research Services, John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Arman Harutyunyan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Suite 3119, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Swatabdi Kamal
- Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nerissa T. Viola
- Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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7
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Armstrong C, Ferrante J, Lamichhane N, Reavis Z, Walker D, Patkar A, Kuhn C. Rapastinel accelerates loss of withdrawal signs after repeated morphine and blunts relapse to conditioned place preference. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173485. [PMID: 36302442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rapastinel, an allosteric modulator of NMDA receptor function, to accelerate the loss of opioid withdrawal symptoms and blunt or prevent relapse to morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Two studies were conducted. In study 1, adult and adolescent male and female rats were treated with increasing doses of morphine (5 mg/kg, bid to 25 mg/kg bid) for 5 days. On day 6 animals were treated with naloxone (1 mg/kg) and withdrawal was assessed. They were then treated with saline or rapastinel (5 mg/kg) on days 6 and 8, and withdrawal was assessed on day 9. Rapastinel treated animals exhibited significantly lower levels of withdrawal signs on day 9. No sex or age differences were observed. In Study 2, CPP for morphine was established in adult rats (males and females) by 4 daily pairings with saline and morphine (am/pm alternation). They were tested for CPP on day 5, and then treated with rapastinel (5 mg/kg) or saline daily on days 6-10 of extinction. On day 11 they received a final dose of rapastinel or saline followed by extinction trial. On day 12, animals received 1 mg/kg of morphine and were tested for relapse. Rapastinel did not affect extinction of CPP, but rapastinel-treated animals spent significantly less time in the previously morphine-paired side than saline-treated animals during the relapse trial. These findings of accelerated loss of withdrawal signs and blunted relapse to CPP suggest that rapastinel could provide an adjunctive therapy for opioid dependence during initiation of pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Julia Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Nidesh Lamichhane
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Zachery Reavis
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - David Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Ashwin Patkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Avance Psychiatry, 7850 Brier Creek Pkwy, Ste. 102, Raleigh, NC 27617, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
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8
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Jing MY, Ding XY, Han X, Zhao TY, Luo MM, Wu N, Li J, Song R. Activation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine projections initiates cue-induced reinstatement of reward seeking in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2276-2288. [PMID: 35217811 PMCID: PMC9433452 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by relapse when addicts are re-exposed to drug-associated environmental cues, but the neural mechanisms underlying cue-induced relapse are unclear. In the present study we investigated the role of a specific dopaminergic (DA) pathway from ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) in mouse cue-induced relapse. Optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) was established in DAT-Cre transgenic mice. We showed that optogenetic excitation of DA neurons in the VTA or their projection terminals in NAcore, NAshell or infralimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC-IL) was rewarding. Furthermore, activation of the VTA-NAcore pathway alone was sufficient and necessary to induce reinstatement of oICSS. In cocaine self-administration model, cocaine-associated cues activated VTA DA neurons as assessed by intracellular GCaMP signals. Cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking was triggered by optogenetic stimulation of the VTA-NAcore pathway, and inhibited by chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that cue-induced reinstatement of reward seeking is in part mediated by activation of the VTA-NAcore DA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tai-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min-Min Luo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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9
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Li Y, Qu L, Li N, Wang X, Wang P, Ge SN, Wang XL. The optimized jugular vein catheterization reinforced cocaine self-administration addictive model for adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11711. [PMID: 35810209 PMCID: PMC9271077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-administration (SA) model represents one of the most important and classic methods for drug addiction, and jugular vein catheterization is one of the most critical techniques in this animal model. We aimed to explore an optimized scheme to improve the success rate of rat jugular vein catheterization and SA model. Our experiment provided an optimized scheme which including numerous details, materials, approaches, updated techniques and protocols. Our experimental group consisted of 120 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, which were divided into the Traditional Operation group (TO group) and the Optimized Operation group (OO group) by the random number table method and then further individually divided into the Saline Training group and the Cocaine Training group for the following SA training. Our results showed that the success rate of the jugular vein catheterization in the OO group was significantly greater than that in the TO group (93.33% vs 46.67%, χ2 = 31.11, P < 0.001). The optimized jugular vein catheterization could make the SA model more stable, reliable and efficient than the traditional operation. Compared with traditional methods, our optimized scheme made numerous improvements in materials and techniques including uniformity, individualized variability of the S-type positioning nail, the length and connection matching, the shape of the end and low cost. Our optimized scheme could provide a more stable and efficient tool for basic research on drug addiction. Several subtle improvements under our personal experience are usually important for augmenting operational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Nan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Lian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Harris AC, Muelken P, Alcheva A, Stepanov I, LeSage MG. Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine Oxidase in vitro and Produces Greater Acute Aversive/Anhedonic Effects Than Nicotine Alone on Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:868088. [PMID: 35712461 PMCID: PMC9196039 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.868088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional tobacco cigarettes appear to have greater abuse liability than non-combusted products such as electronic cigarettes (ECs) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This may be due to the higher levels of behaviorally active non-nicotine constituents [e.g., monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors such as β-carbolines] in cigarette smoke (CS) compared to non-combusted products. To evaluate this hypothesis, the current studies compared the relative abuse liability of CS and EC aerosol extracts containing nicotine and a range of non-nicotine constituents to that of nicotine alone (NRT analog) using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats. Effects of formulations on brain MAO activity in vitro and ex vivo were also studied to evaluate the potential role of MAO inhibition in the ICSS study. CS extract contained higher levels of several behaviorally active non-nicotine constituents (e.g., the β-carbolines norharmane and harmane) than EC extract. Nicotine alone reduced ICSS thresholds at a moderate nicotine dose, suggesting a reinforcement-enhancing effect that may promote abuse liability, and elevated ICSS thresholds at a high nicotine dose, suggesting an aversive/anhedonic effect that may limit abuse liability. CS extract elevated ICSS thresholds to a greater degree than nicotine alone at high nicotine doses. Effects of EC extract on ICSS did not differ from those of nicotine alone. Finally, CS extract significantly inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B activity in vitro, whereas EC extract and nicotine alone did not. None of the formulations inhibited MAO measured ex vivo. These findings indicate greater acute aversive/anhedonic effects for CS extract compared to nicotine alone, suggesting lower abuse liability. Although confirmation of our findings using other dosing regimens, preclinical addiction models, and tobacco product extracts is needed, these findings suggest that the centrally-mediated effects of MAO inhibitors and other non-nicotine constituents may not account for the greater abuse liability of cigarettes compared to non-combusted products. Nonetheless, identifying the specific constituent(s) mediating the effects of CS extracts in this study could help clarify mechanisms mediating tobacco addiction and inform FDA product standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Harris
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Andrew C. Harris,
| | - Peter Muelken
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Aleksandra Alcheva
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark G. LeSage
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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11
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Calarco CA, Fox ME, Van Terheyden S, Turner MD, Alipio JB, Chandra R, Lobo MK. Mitochondria-Related Nuclear Gene Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Blood Mitochondrial Copy Number After Developmental Fentanyl Exposure in Adolescent Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:737389. [PMID: 34867530 PMCID: PMC8637046 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of the synthetic opioid fentanyl and its increased clinical availability has led to the rapid escalation of use in the general population, increased recreational exposure, and subsequently opioid-related overdoses. The wide-spread use of fentanyl has, consequently, increased the incidence of in utero exposure to the drug, but the long-term effects of this type of developmental exposure are not yet understood. Opioid use has also been linked to reduced mitochondrial copy number in blood in clinical populations, but the link between this peripheral biomarker and genetic or functional changes in reward-related brain circuitry is still unclear. Additionally, mitochondrial-related gene expression in reward-related brain regions has not been examined in the context of fentanyl exposure, despite the growing literature demonstrating drugs of abuse impact mitochondrial function, which subsequently impacts neuronal signaling. The current study uses exposure to fentanyl via dam access to fentanyl drinking water during gestation and lactation as a model for developmental drug exposure. This perinatal drug-exposure is sufficient to impact mitochondrial copy number in circulating blood leukocytes, as well as mitochondrial-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a reward-related brain structure, in a sex-dependent manner in adolescent offspring. Specific NAc gene expression is correlated with both blood mitochondrial copy number and with anxiety related behaviors dependent on developmental exposure to fentanyl and sex. These data indicate that developmental fentanyl exposure impacts mitochondrial function in both the brain and body in ways that can impact neuronal signaling and may prime the brain for altered reward-related behavior in adolescence and later into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Carlson HN, Weiner JL. The neural, behavioral, and epidemiological underpinnings of comorbid alcohol use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:69-142. [PMID: 33648676 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (PTSD) frequently co-occur and individuals suffering from this dual diagnosis often exhibit increased symptom severity and poorer treatment outcomes than those with only one of these diseases. Although there have been significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying each of these disorders, the neural underpinnings of the comorbid condition remain poorly understood. This chapter summarizes recent epidemiological findings on comorbid AUD and PTSD, with a focus on vulnerable populations, the temporal relationship between these disorders, and the clinical consequences associated with the dual diagnosis. We then review animal models of the comorbid condition and emerging human and non-human animal research that is beginning to identify maladaptive neural changes common to both disorders, primarily involving functional changes in brain reward and stress networks. We end by proposing a neural framework, based on the emerging field of affective valence encoding, that may better explain the epidemiological and neural findings on AUD and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Carlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jeff L Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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13
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González-Cano R, Montilla-García Á, Ruiz-Cantero MC, Bravo-Caparrós I, Tejada MÁ, Nieto FR, Cobos EJ. The search for translational pain outcomes to refine analgesic development: Where did we come from and where are we going? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:238-261. [PMID: 32147529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain measures traditionally used in rodents record mere reflexes evoked by sensory stimuli; the results thus may not fully reflect the human pain phenotype. Alterations in physical and emotional functioning, pain-depressed behaviors and facial pain expressions were recently proposed as additional pain outcomes to provide a more accurate measure of clinical pain in rodents, and hence to potentially enhance analgesic drug development. We aimed to review how preclinical pain assessment has evolved since the development of the tail flick test in 1941, with a particular focus on a critical analysis of some nonstandard pain outcomes, and a consideration of how sex differences may affect the performance of these pain surrogates. We tracked original research articles in Medline for the following periods: 1973-1977, 1983-1987, 1993-1997, 2003-2007, and 2014-2018. We identified 606 research articles about alternative surrogate pain measures, 473 of which were published between 2014 and 2018. This indicates that preclinical pain assessment is moving toward the use of these measures, which may soon become standard procedures in preclinical pain laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Montilla-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Ruiz-Cantero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Bravo-Caparrós
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel Á Tejada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Anker JJ, Kushner MG. Co-Occurring Alcohol Use Disorder and Anxiety: Bridging Psychiatric, Psychological, and Neurobiological Perspectives. Alcohol Res 2019; 40:arcr.v40.1.03. [PMID: 31886106 PMCID: PMC6927748 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v40.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of people who have problems with alcohol also experience strong anxiety and mood problems. This article provides an overview of the evolving perspectives of this association in the context of three related disciplines—psychiatry, psychology, and neuroscience. Psychiatric and epidemiological studies show that having either an anxiety- or alcohol-related diagnosis elevates the prospective risk for developing the other disorder. From the psychological perspective, behavioral research demonstrates that drinking to cope with negative affect is a potent marker for current and future problems with alcohol. Neuroscientific research implicates overlapping neurobiological systems and psychological processes in promoting the rise of negative affect and alcohol misuse. The psychiatric perspective that alcohol misuse and co-occurring anxiety represent neurobiologically distinct diagnostic conditions has dominated the field for many decades. However, recent research provides increasing support for the neuroscientific perspective that these conditions share underlying, mutually exacerbating, neurobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Anker
- Justin J. Anker, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matt G Kushner
- Matt G. Kushner, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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15
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Assessing the motivational effects of ethanol in mice using a discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation procedure. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 207:107806. [PMID: 31864164 PMCID: PMC6939988 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol (ethanol) produces both rewarding and aversive effects, and sensitivity to these effects is associated with risk for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Measurement of these motivational effects in animal models is an important but challenging aspect of preclinical research into the neurobiology of AUD. Here, we evaluated whether a discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure can be used to assess both reward-enhancing and aversive responses to ethanol in mice. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were surgically implanted with bipolar stimulating electrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle and trained on a discrete-trial current-intensity ICSS procedure. Mice were tested for changes in response thresholds after various doses of ethanol (0.5 g/kg-1.75 g/kg; n = 5-7 per dose), using a Latin square design. RESULTS A 1 g/kg dose of ethanol produced a significant reward-enhancement (i.e., lowered response thresholds), whereas a 1.75 g/kg dose produced an aversive effect (elevated response thresholds). Ethanol doses from 1 to 1.75 g/kg increased response latencies as compared to saline treatment. CONCLUSIONS The discrete-trial current-intensity ICSS procedure is an effective assay for measuring both reward-enhancing responses to ethanol as well as aversive responses in the same animal. This should prove to be a useful tool for assessing the effects of experimental manipulations on the motivational effects of ethanol in mice.
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16
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Gururajan A, Reif A, Cryan JF, Slattery DA. The future of rodent models in depression research. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:686-701. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Madeo G, Bonci A. Rewiring the Addicted Brain: Circuits-Based Treatment for Addiction. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:173-184. [PMID: 31097615 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.038158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique has paved the way for neural circuit-based treatments for addiction. Recently, evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies has evaluated the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a safe and cost-effective therapeutic tool for substance use disorders (SUDs). Indeed, repetitive TMS impacts on neural activity inducing short- and long-term effects involving neuroplasticity mechanisms locally within the target area of stimulation and the network level throughout the brain. Here, we provide an integrated view of evidence highlighting the mechanisms of TMS-induced effects on modulating the maladaptive brain circuitry of addiction. We then review the preclinical and clinical findings suggesting rTMS as an effective interventional tool for the treatment of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Madeo
- Novella Fronda Foundation, Human Science and Brain Research Piazza Castello, 16-35141 Padua, Italy.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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18
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Fletcher PC, Kenny PJ. Food addiction: a valid concept? Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2506-2513. [PMID: 30188514 PMCID: PMC6224546 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Can food be addictive? What does it mean to be a food addict? Do common underlying neurobiological mechanisms contribute to drug and food addiction? These vexing questions have been the subject of considerable interest and debate in recent years, driven in large part by the major health concerns associated with dramatically increasing body weights and rates of obesity in the United States, Europe, and other regions with developed economies. No clear consensus has yet emerged on the validity of the concept of food addiction and whether some individuals who struggle to control their food intake can be considered food addicts. Some, including Fletcher, have argued that the concept of food addiction is unsupported, as many of the defining features of drug addiction are not seen in the context of feeding behaviors. Others, Kenny included, have argued that food and drug addiction share similar features that may reflect common underlying neural mechanisms. Here, Fletcher and Kenny argue the merits of these opposing positions on the concept of food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambrdge, CB21 5EF, UK.
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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19
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White NM. Peter M. Milner, 1919–2018. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:428-429. [PMID: 30375838 PMCID: PMC6203543 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norman M. White
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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20
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Jacobson LH, Vlachou S, Slattery DA, Li X, Cryan JF. The Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid B Receptor in Depression and Reward. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:963-976. [PMID: 29759132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor was the first described obligate G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer and continues to set the stage for discoveries in G protein-coupled receptor signaling complexity. In this review, dedicated to the life and work of Athina Markou, we explore the role of GABAB receptors in depression, reward, and the convergence of these domains in anhedonia, a shared symptom of major depressive disorder and withdrawal from drugs of abuse. GABAB receptor expression and function are enhanced by antidepressants and reduced in animal models of depression. Generally, GABAB receptor antagonists are antidepressant-like and agonists are pro-depressive. Exceptions to this rule likely reflect the differential influence of GABAB1 isoforms in depression-related behavior and neurobiology, including the anhedonic effects of social stress. A wealth of data implicate GABAB receptors in the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. We focus on nicotine as an example. GABAB receptor activation attenuates, and deactivation enhances, nicotine reward and associated neurobiological changes. In nicotine withdrawal, however, GABAB receptor agonists, antagonists, and positive allosteric modulators enhance anhedonia, perhaps owing to differential effects of GABAB1 isoforms on the dopaminergic system. Nicotine cue-induced reinstatement is more reliably attenuated by GABAB receptor activation. Separation of desirable and undesirable side effects of agonists is achievable with positive allosteric modulators, which are poised to enter clinical studies for drug abuse. GABAB1 isoforms are key to understanding the neurobiology of anhedonia, whereas allosteric modulators may offer a mechanism for targeting specific brain regions and processes associated with reward and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Jacobson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Styliani Vlachou
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin
| | - David A Slattery
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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