1
|
Mathes BM, Kennedy GA, Morabito DM, Martin A, Bedford CE, Schmidt NB. A longitudinal investigation of the association between rumination, hostility, and PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed individuals. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:322-328. [PMID: 32858313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination, defined as perseverative thinking regarding the causes and consequences of psychological symptoms, is a risk and maintaining factor for PTSD. Existing work has largely focused on the extent to which rumination functions as a coping strategy used to avoid traumatic memories and associated emotions. However, rumination may also maintain negative thinking patterns, such as hostility, which has been positively associated with both rumination and PTSD symptoms. The current study therefore investigated the extent to which hostility was a significant mediator of the prospective association between rumination and PTSD symptoms. METHODS The sample consisted of 119 trauma-exposed individuals (48.7% female), who completed self-report questionnaires at three time points during a clinical trial. RESULTS When controlling for treatment condition and baseline depressive disorder diagnosis, hostility temporally mediated the effects of rumination on PTSD symptoms. Specificity analyses provided further support for the direction and specific variables examined in this model, such that rumination was positively and uniquely associated with later hostility. LIMITATIONS Our findings are limited by the use of a sample in which only 30% of participants met diagnostic criteria for a trauma-related disorder, as well as the administration of the rumination measure at only one time point. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that rumination and hostility may be promising treatment and prevention targets for PTSD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Mathes
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301 USA
| | - Grace A Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301 USA
| | - Danielle M Morabito
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301 USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301 USA
| | - Carter E Bedford
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301 USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roberts NA, Burleson MH, Torres DL, Parkhurst DK, Garrett R, Mitchell LB, Duncan CJ, Mintert M, Wang NC. Emotional Reactivity as a Vulnerability for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures? Responses While Reliving Specific Emotions. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 32:95-100. [PMID: 31662092 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunction in emotional processes is a hypothesized contributor to functional neurological disorders (FNDs), yet few studies have evoked real-time emotion during multimethod assessment incorporating subjective, behavioral, and psychophysiological indicators. This approach may reveal clinical and neurobiological vulnerability to FND and clarify how dysfunctional emotional processes serve as perpetuating factors. METHODS Eleven participants with video-EEG-confirmed diagnoses of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) were compared with 49 seizure-free trauma control subjects (TCs) with or without clinically elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (25 clinically elevated [TC-clin], 24 not clinically elevated [TC-nonclin]). Participants recalled and described memories evoking anger, shame, happiness, and neutral feelings. RESULTS Even though PNES patients and TCs reported similar amounts of emotional experience, PNES patients reported more difficulty reliving emotions and were less likely to complete the relived shame task. During and after reliving happiness, PNES and TC-clin groups showed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) decreases, indicating parasympathetic withdrawal, whereas the TC-nonclin group showed RSA increases. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this pilot study are consistent with previous research and clinical observations that emotional engagement may be more effortful for PNES patients. Patterns of RSA change, which may also point to greater effortful engagement, were similar in PNES and TC-clin groups, suggesting that traumatic stress reactions may play a part. At the same time, experience of greater difficulty or avoidance may be even greater among PNES patients. Especially when regulatory resources are already limited, accumulated effort, coupled with self-threatening contexts such as shame, may be particularly problematic for those with PNES and perhaps other FNDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Roberts
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Mary H Burleson
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Dhannia L Torres
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - David K Parkhurst
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Robin Garrett
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Lauren B Mitchell
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Cayla J Duncan
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Mallory Mintert
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| | - Norman C Wang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix (Roberts, Burleson, Torres, Parkhurst, Mitchell, Duncan, Mintert); and Banner-University Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Phoenix (Garrett, Wang)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ripley AJ, Clapp JD, Wilkowski BM. PTSD and anger: Evaluation of an indirect effect model in a civilian trauma sample. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 64:149-157. [PMID: 31035245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Theoretical models propose that PTSD symptoms and subjective anger are indirectly associated through hostile attribution bias, physiological reactivity, and aggressive psycho-motor scripts (Chemtob, Novaco, Hamada, Gross, & Smith, 1997). Originally developed to account for symptoms observed in military personnel, proposed anger mechanisms have received limited attention in civilian populations. The current study looked to evaluate the generalizability of Chemtob et al.'s model in trauma-exposed university students (N = 152). METHODS Trauma exposure and corresponding symptoms were assessed during an initial screening procedure. Hostile attributions and aggressive scripts were examined prior to a laboratory-based anger induction procedure. Physiological reactivity was monitored throughout the provocation task. Ratings of subjective anger and anger recovery were completed following the induction period. Relations of post-trauma symptoms with subjective anger through hypothesized anger processes were examined using bootstrapped estimates of indirect effects. RESULTS A significant indirect effect of PTSD severity on state-level anger was noted for hostile attribution bias (ab = 0.020, 95% CI [0.002, 0.041]) and a marginal effect through aggressive inclinations (ab = 0.015, 95% CI [-0.001, 0.039]). Data failed to provide evidence for physiological reactivity as an intervening variable. Trauma symptoms did not moderate anger recovery following the provocation task. LIMITATIONS Induction of anger in a sub-clinical sample may limit tests of hypothesized effects and the generalizability of the present findings. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the proposed model may be applicable beyond combat trauma samples and suggest potential anger-related targets for PTSD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Ripley
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Joshua D Clapp
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Wilkowski
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhardwaj V, Angkaw AC, Franceschetti M, Rao R, Baker DG. Direct and indirect relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, hostility, anger, and verbal and physical aggression in returning veterans. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:417-426. [PMID: 30835866 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hostility, anger, and aggression are conceptually related but unique constructs found to occur more often among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than among civilians or veterans without PTSD. However, the pathways between PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and aggression have not been comprehensively characterized. Therefore, drawing on a sample of returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom combat veterans ( N = 175; 95% male; mean age 30 years), this study sought to examine the direct and indirect relationships among PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and four types of aggression: verbal, and physical toward self, others, and objects. Functional modeling of direct effects was done using multiple least-squares regression and bootstrapped mediation analyses were carried out to test indirect effects. Results indicate that PTSD is not the overall direct contributor to different forms of aggression, supporting the mediating role of depression and trait anger. Depression symptoms explain part of the relationships between PTSD and verbal aggression, physical aggression toward objects, and physical aggression toward self and trait anger explains part of the relationships between PTSD and verbal aggression, physical aggression toward objects, and physical aggression toward others. Our findings support the importance of assessing for anger, depression, and different types of aggression among veterans presenting for PTSD treatment to develop individualized treatment plans that may benefit from early incorporation of interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinnu Bhardwaj
- Qualcomm InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
- Department of ECEUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
| | - Abigail C. Angkaw
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare SystemSan Diego CA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
| | - Massimo Franceschetti
- Qualcomm InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
- Department of ECEUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
| | - Ramesh Rao
- Qualcomm InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
- Department of ECEUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare SystemSan Diego CA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental HealthSan Diego CA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego CA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van Voorhees EE, Dennis PA, Elbogen EB, Fuemmeler B, Neal LC, Calhoun PS, Beckham JC. Characterizing anger-related affect in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder using ecological momentary assessment. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:274-280. [PMID: 29329048 PMCID: PMC6341481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study employed secondary analyses of existing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data to characterize hostile and irritable affect in the day-to-day experience of 52 smokers with, and 65 smokers without, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMA monitoring occurred over a mean of 8.2 days, and participants responded to an average of 2.8 random prompts/day. Analyses included Wilcoxon rank sum tests of group differences, and path analyses of cross-lagged multilevel models. Participants with PTSD endorsed a significantly higher proportion of total EMA entries indicating hostile affect and irritable affect than did individuals without PTSD. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that over a period of hours, PTSD symptoms significantly predicted subsequent hostile and irritable affect, but hostile and irritable affect did not predict subsequent PTSD symptoms. Findings suggest that day-to-day exposure to PTSD-related trauma cues may contribute to chronically elevated levels of anger-related affect. Such heightened affective arousal may, in turn, underlie an increased risk for verbal or physical aggression, as well as other health and quality-of-life related impairments associated with PTSD. Clinical implications include conceptualizing anger treatment in the broader context of trauma history and symptoms, and specifically targeting physiological arousal and maladaptive hostile cognitions triggered by trauma reminders in patients with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Van Voorhees
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States,VISN 6, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States. , (E.E. Van Voorhees)
| | - Paul A. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eric B. Elbogen
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States,VISN 6, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bernard Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lydia C. Neal
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States,VISN 6, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, United States,VISN 6, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Patients Exhibit a Blunted Parasympathetic Response to an Emotional Stressor. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2016; 41:395-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-016-9341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
7
|
McParland J, Knussen C, Murray J. The effects of a recalled injustice on the experience of experimentally induced pain and anxiety in relation to just-world beliefs. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1392-401. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.L. McParland
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Allied Health Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
| | - C. Knussen
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Allied Health Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
| | - J. Murray
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences; Edinburgh Napier University; Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scheiderer EM, Wang T, Tomko RL, Wood PK, Trull TJ. Negative Affect Instability among Individuals with Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Clin Psychol Sci 2015; 4:67-81. [PMID: 26904388 DOI: 10.1177/2167702615573214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA; Stone & Shiffman, 1994) was utilized to examine affective instability (AI) in the daily lives of outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD; n=78) with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A psychiatric control group (n=50) composed of outpatients with major depressive disorder/dysthymia (MDD/DYS) was employed to compare across subgroups: BPD-only, BPD+PTSD, MDD/DYS-only, and MDD/DYS+PTSD. Compared to the BPD-only group, the BPD+PTSD group had significantly greater instability of fear and sadness, but did not significantly differ in instability of hostility or aggregate negative affect. This pattern of elevated instability of fear and sadness was not present-and, in fact, was reversed-in the MDD/DYS group. Results emphasize the importance of examining AI within the context of specific comorbidities and affect types. Treatment and research addressing AI in the context of BPD-PTSD comorbidity may benefit from a focus on fear and sadness as separate from hostility or general negative affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia
| | - Phillip K Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia
| | - Timothy J Trull
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) now sits within the newly created "Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders" section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM-5). Through the refinement and expansion of diagnostic criteria, the DSM-5 version better clarifies the broad and pervasive effects of trauma on functioning, as well as the impact of development on trauma reactions. Aggressive and dissociative symptoms are more thoroughly characterized, reflecting increasing evidence that reactions to trauma often reach beyond the domains of fear and anxiety (these latter domains were emphasized in DSM-IV). These revised criteria are supported by decades of preclinical and clinical research quantifying traumatic stress-induced changes in neurobiological and behavioral function. Several features of the DSM-5 PTSD criteria are similarly and consistently represented in preclinical animal models and humans following exposure to extreme stress. In rodent models, for example, increases in anxiety-like, helplessness, or aggressive behavior, along with disruptions in circadian/neurovegetative function, are typically induced by severe, inescapable, and uncontrollable stress. These abnormalities are prominent features of PTSD and can help us in understanding the pathophysiology of this and other stress-associated psychiatric disorders. In this article we examine some of the changes to the diagnostic criteria of PTSD in the context of trauma-related neurobiological dysfunction, and discuss implications for how preclinical data can be useful in current and future clinical conceptualizations of trauma and trauma-related psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dedert EA, Harper LA, Calhoun PS, Dennis MF, Beckham JC. The impact of race on metabolic disease risk factors in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2013; 20:46-55. [PMID: 23179072 PMCID: PMC3608190 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-012-9305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature on PTSD and metabolic disease risk factors has been limited by lacking investigation of the potential influence of commonly comorbid disorders and the role of race. In this study data were provided by a sample of 134 women (63 PTSD and 71 without PTSD). Separate sets of models examining associations of psychiatric disorder classifications with metabolic disease risk factors were used. Each model included race (African American or Caucasian), psychiatric disorder, and their interaction. There was an interaction of race and PTSD on body mass index, abdominal obesity, and triglycerides. While PTSD was not generally associated with deleterious health effects in African American participants, PTSD was related to worse metabolic disease risk factors in Caucasians. MDD was associated with metabolic disease risk factors, but there were no interactions with race. Results support the importance of race in the relationship between PTSD and metabolic disease risk factors. Future research would benefit from analysis of cultural factors to explain how race might influence metabolic disease risk factors in PTSD.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Black or African American/psychology
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Body Mass Index
- Cholesterol, HDL/blood
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Comorbidity
- Depressive Disorder, Major/blood
- Depressive Disorder, Major/ethnology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Abdominal/ethnology
- Obesity, Abdominal/psychology
- Risk Factors
- Statistics as Topic
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/blood
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ethnology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
- Substance-Related Disorders/blood
- Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology
- Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
- Triglycerides/blood
- Waist-Hip Ratio
- White People/psychology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Dedert
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 508 Fulton St. (116 B), Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kirby AC, Beckham JC, Calhoun PS, Roberts ST, Taft CT, Elbogen EB, Dennis MF. An examination of general aggression and intimate partner violence in women with posttraumatic stress disorder. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2012; 27:777-92. [PMID: 23155726 PMCID: PMC3584340 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.27.5.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented significant relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), aggression, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Most of these studies have focused on men and measured violence by self-report. This study examined (a) the association between PTSD and general aggression among women, (b) the association between IPV and PTSD among married and/or cohabitating couples, and (c) the concordance between self and collateral reports of IPV. One hundred twenty participants provided information about PTSD symptoms and general aggression toward others, and 43 married and/or cohabitating couples provided information about PTSD and IPV. Women with PTSD reported more general aggression, IPV perpetration, and IPV victimization. Collateral informants of those with and without PTSD did not differ significantly in their report of IPV. Concordance between participants and spouses or partners was low to moderate. These results are discussed within the context of extant IPV literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Kirby
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, North Carolina VA Mid-Atlantic Region Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leen-Feldner EW, Feldner MT, Bunaciu L, Blumenthal H. Associations between parental posttraumatic stress disorder and both offspring internalizing problems and parental aggression within the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:169-75. [PMID: 20880666 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication were used to evaluate links between parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and elevated (1) offspring internalizing problems and (2) parental physical aggression toward children. We extended prior tests via the use of an independent nationally representative sample and by examining specific associations between these outcomes and PTSD above and beyond variance accounted for by several theoretically relevant demographic factors and PTSD-related comorbidity. As hypothesized, offspring anxiety and depression was elevated among parents with PTSD compared to those without the condition. Parents with PTSD also were more likely to endorse the use of both moderate (e.g., pushing) and severe (e.g., hitting with a fist) physical aggression with their children. These findings advance work in the area by suggesting that there is a unique relation between PTSD and these outcomes, which sets the stage for research to elucidate factors uniquely introduced by PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W Leen-Feldner
- University of Arkansas, Department of Psychology, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|