1
|
Wang ZM, Wang S, Bai H, Zhu LL, Yan HB, Peng L, Wang YB, Li H, Song YD, Liu JZ. Characterization and application of Bacillus velezensis D6 co-producing α-amylase and protease. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39087633 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the co-production of multiple enzymes by Bacillus velezensis as a novel species is still a topic that needs to be studied. This study aimed to investigate the fermentation characteristics of B. velezensis D6 co-producing α-amylase and protease and to explore their enzymatic properties and applications in fermentation. RESULTS The maximum co-production of α-amylase and protease reached 13.13 ± 0.72 and 2106.63 ± 64.42 U mL-1, respectively, under the optimal fermented conditions (nutrients: 20.0 g L-1 urea, 20.0 g L-1 glucose, 0.7 g L-1 MnCl2; incubation conditions: initial pH 7.0, temperature 41 °C, 8% inoculation size and 30% working volume). Moreover, the genetic co-expression of α-amylase and protease increased from 0 to 24 h and then decreased after 36 h at the transcriptional level, which coincided with the growth trend of B. velezensis D6. The optimal reaction temperature of α-amylase was 55-60 °C, while that of protease was 35-40 °C. The activities of α-amylase and protease were retained by over 80% after thermal treatment (90 °C, 1 h), which indicated that two enzymes co-produced by B. velezensis D6 demonstrated excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the two enzymes were stable over a wide pH range (pH 4.0-8.0 for α-amylase; pH 4.0-9.0 for protease). Finally, the degrees of hydrolysis of corn, rice, sorghum and soybeans by α-amylase from B. velezensis D6 reached 44.95 ± 2.95%, 57.16 ± 2.75%, 52.53 ± 4.01% and 20.53 ± 2.42%, respectively, suggesting an excellent hydrolysis effect on starchy raw materials. The hydrolysis degrees of mackerel heads and soybeans by protease were 43.93 ± 2.19% and 26.38 ± 1.72%, respectively, which suggested that the protease from B. velezensis D6 preferentially hydrolyzed animal-based protein. CONCLUSION This is a systematic study on the co-production of α-amylase and protease by B. velezensis D6, which is crucial in widening the understanding of this species co-producing multi-enzymes and in exploring its potential application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Min Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yan
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Heze, China
| | - Yue-Dong Song
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Liu
- Shandong Xinfurui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Touceda-Suárez A, Touceda-Suárez M, Arboleya JC, Sörensen PM. Harnessing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Amazake Production: Comparison with Aspergillus oryzae Amazake for Metabolomic Characteristics, Microbial Diversity, and Sensory Profile. Foods 2024; 13:2012. [PMID: 38998518 PMCID: PMC11241664 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amazake is a traditional, sweet, non-alcoholic Japanese beverage typically produced through koji fermentation by the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. However, alternative microorganisms such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens offer potential advantages and novel possibilities for producing similar fermented beverages. This study aimed to replicate the ancestral beverage of amazake by replacing A. oryzae (W-20) with B. amyloliquefaciens (NCIMB 12077) and comparing their fermentation processes and resulting products. Our results show that the production of amazake with B. amyloliquefaciens (ABA) is not only possible but also results in a beverage that is otherwise distinct from traditional amazake (AAO). Saccharification was achievable in ABA at higher temperatures than in AAO, albeit with lower reducing sugar and enzymatic activity values. Amino acids and organic acids were more abundant in AAO, with cysteine being uniquely present in AAO and shikimic acid only being present in ABA. The volatile aroma compound profiles differed between the two beverages, with AAO exhibiting a greater abundance of aldehydes, and ABA a greater abundance of ketones and alcohols. Interestingly, despite these compositional differences, the two beverages showed similar consumer panel acceptance rates. An analysis of their microbial communities revealed pronounced differences between the amazakes, as well as temporal changes in ABA but not in AAO. This study provides promising insights into harnessing the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens as the primary microorganism in the fermentation process of amazake-like beverages, marking an important advancement in the field of fermented low-alcohol beverage production, with possible applications in other fermented foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Touceda-Suárez
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Basque Culinary Center, Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, Mondragon University, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Touceda-Suárez
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Juan-Carlos Arboleya
- Basque Culinary Center, Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, Mondragon University, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- BCC Innovation, Technology Center in Gastronomy, Basque Culinary Center, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pia M Sörensen
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahbari S, Tavakolipour H, Kalbasi-Ashtari A. Application of electro-spraying technique and mathematical modelling for nanoencapsulation of curcumin. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25680. [PMID: 38390193 PMCID: PMC10881552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Electro-spraying Process (ESP) was used to coat extracted curcumin (CUR) with milk protein isolate (MPI) at equal concentration. The variables were applied voltage (AV), pumps flow rate ratio (PFRR) for coating (CUR with MPI), travelling distance (TD for coating and dehydration), ESE and MPI concentrations. They changed respectively from 7.5 to 27.5 kV, 2-10 times, and 5-25 cm, and 1.5-3.5% (w/w). When the MPI concentration, TD, PFRR, and AV of ESE reached respectively to 2.56 %, 16.64 cm, 6.77 times, and 19.06 kV; the resulting nanoparticle diameter and encapsulation efficiency of CUR coated (with MPI) became 232 nm (minimum) and 80.7% (maximum) values. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the produced nanoparticles were bead-free, homogeneous, smooth surfaces, and >50% uniformity. While the nanoparticles of CUR had >70% heat resistance (up to 10 min at 120 °C against degradation), it had more than 100% antioxidant capacity in aqueous solution than its free form (because of its appropriate and intact coating). In-vitro studies showed that the nano encapsulated particles released >80% of CUR into the intestinal tract without significant release in simulated gastric fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Rahbari
- Islamic Azad University (Tehran Campus), City of Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dobariya A, Mankad GP, Ramavat H, Singh SP. Efficacy of the Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Substrates for the Growth and Production of α-Amylases in Marine Actinobacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7603-7623. [PMID: 37067678 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes from haloalkaliphilic microorganisms have recently focused attention on their potential and suitability in various applications. In this study, the growth and production of extracellular amylases in the marine actinomycetes, using kitchen waste as the raw starch source, have been investigated. Actinobacteria were isolated from the seawater of the Kachhighadi Coast near Dwarika, Gujarat. Seven Actinobacterial isolates of pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons belonging to different strains of Nocardiopsis genera were screened and selected for amylase production. The amylase production was initially assessed on the solid media supplemented with the extracts of different fruits and vegetable peels as a substrate by agar plate assay. The strains Kh-2(13), Kh-2(1), and Kh-3(12) produced maximum amylase with potato peel as a substrate, while no significant differences were found with the media containing other peels. Nevertheless, all strains produced amylases at a significant level with other raw substrates as well. For the optimization of the growth and enzyme production, the selected two isolates Kh-2(13) and Kh-3(12) of the monsoon and winter seasons were cultivated in a liquid medium under the submerged fermentation conditions, with potato peel as a substrate. In both organisms, the optimum amylase production was observed in the stationary phase of growth. For amylase production, the effect of different physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. The optimum growth and amylase production was achieved in 2% inoculum size, at pH 8.0, 28℃, and 5% salt concentration. On the basis of the amylase production index (API) (a ratio of the amylase units and cell growth), both isolates produced significant amylase with the only extract of potato peels, without any other supplements. The trends further indicated that while additional complex sources, such as yeast extract and peptone can enhance the cell growth of the actinobacteria, the amylase production remained unaltered. The study projects the significance of waste raw materials for the production of enzymes in extremophilic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dobariya
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India
- M.V.M. Sci and H. Sci. College Rajkot, Rajkot, 360001, India
| | - Gira P Mankad
- M.V.M. Sci and H. Sci. College Rajkot, Rajkot, 360001, India
| | - Hasti Ramavat
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gracia MI, Cano G, Vázquez P, Hansen LHB. Effect of a Bacillus-Based Probiotic on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility When Substituting Soybean Meal with Rapeseed Meal in Grower-Finisher Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3067. [PMID: 37835673 PMCID: PMC10571725 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis supplementation to a negative control diet in comparison to a standard control diet, had the potential to improve the performance and nutrient digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. For this purpose, 384 fattening pigs of 85 d of age were allotted to three treatments: a standard diet, a negative control (NC) diet (5% soybean meal replaced by 5% rapeseed meal), or a NC diet + probiotic. After reaching a body weight of approximately 110 kg, all animals going to the slaughterhouse (87% of total pigs) were selected to measure carcass quality. Moreover, the apparent total tract digestibility of protein was evaluated at the end of the grower period. The results of this study indicate that supplementation of the tested Bacillus-based probiotic significantly improved average daily gain (ADG, +14.6%) and Feed:gain ratio (F:G, -9.9%) during the grower phase compared to the NC diet. The improvement observed during the grower phase was maintained for the whole fattening period (ADG, +3.9%). Probiotic supplementation significantly improved the total apparent faecal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in pigs at the end of the grower period. The improvements observed with the additive tested could indicate that supplementation of the Bacillus-based probiotic was able to counteract the lower level of crude protein and standardised ileal digestible amino acids in the NC diet by means of improved protein digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Gracia
- Imasde Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cano
- Imasde Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Imasde Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Lea H B Hansen
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Animal and Plant Health and Nutrition, Boege Allé 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ugwuoji ET, Nwagu TNT, Ezeogu LI. Detergent-stable amylase production by Paenibacillus lactis strain OPSA3 isolated from soil; optimization by response surface methodology. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 39:e00808. [PMID: 37528864 PMCID: PMC10388169 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate thermostable, alkaliphilic, and detergent-tolerant amylase-producing bacteria. Pure isolates from environmental samples were screened on a starch-based medium (pH 11), and selected isolates were identified using cultural and molecular techniques. Product optimization studies were conducted, and secreted amylase was partially purified using 40% (w/v) saturation ammonium sulfate at 4 °C. The wash performance of concentrated amylase was analyzed. A novel isolate, Paenibacillus lactis OPSA3, was selected for further studies. The isolate produced amylase optimally when grown on banana peels and soybean extracts, which are agro-wastes. Optimization by Response surface Methodology resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in alkaliphilic amylase production. A 2.46-fold purification was achieved, with an enzyme activity yield of 79.53% and specific activity of 26.19 Umg-1. Wash performance analysis using the amylase supplemented with boiled commercial detergent (kiln®) showed good cleaning efficiency. The amylase has the potential for application as a component of green detergent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tobechukwu Ugwuoji
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Nwamaka T. Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Lewis Iheanacho Ezeogu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, Nsukka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong H, Zheng N, Wang J, Zhao S. Isolation and pan-genome analysis of Enterobacter hormaechei Z129, a ureolytic bacterium, from the rumen of dairy cow. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169973. [PMID: 37089548 PMCID: PMC10117971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionUrea is an important non-protein nitrogen source for ruminants. In the rumen, ureolytic bacteria play critical roles in urea-nitrogen metabolism, however, a few ureolytic strains have been isolated and genomically sequenced. The purpose of this study was to isolate a novel ureolytic bacterial strain from cattle rumen and characterize its genome and function.MethodsThe ureolytic bacterium was isolated using an anaerobic medium with urea and phenol red as a screening indicator from the rumen fluid of dairy cattle. The genome of isolates was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and comparatively analyzed. The pan-genome analysis was performed using IPGA and the biochemical activity was also analyzed by test kits.ResultsA gram-positive ureolytic strain was isolated. Its genome had a length of 4.52 Mbp and predicted genes of 4223. The 16S rRNA gene and genome GTDB-Tk taxonomic annotation showed that it was a novel strain of Enterobacter hormaechei, and it was named E. hormaechei Z129. The pan-genome analysis showed that Z129 had the highest identity to E. hormaechei ATCC 49162 with a genome average nucleotide identity of 98.69% and possessed 238 unique genes. Strain Z129 was the first E. hormaechei strain isolated from the rumen as we know. The functional annotation of the Z129 genome showed genes related to urea metabolism, including urea transport (urtA-urtE), nickel ion transport (ureJ, tonB, nixA, exbB, exbD, and rcnA), urease activation (ureA-ureG) and ammonia assimilation (gdhA, glnA, glnB, glnE, glnL, glsA, gltB, and gltD) were present. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were also present, including starch hydrolysis (amyE), cellulose hydrolysis (celB and bglX), xylose transport (xylF-xylH) and glycolysis (pgi, pgk, fbaA, eno, pfkA, gap, pyk, gpmL). Biochemical activity analysis showed that Z129 was positive for alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and pyrrolidone arylaminase, and had the ability to use D-ribose, L-arabinose, and D-lactose. Urea-nitrogen hydrolysis rate of Z129 reached 55.37% at 48 h of incubation.DiscussionTherefore, the isolated novel ureolytic strain E. hormaechei Z129 had diverse nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and is a preferred model to study the urea hydrolysis mechanism in the rumen.
Collapse
|
8
|
Munawar A, Shaheen M, Ramzan S, Masih SA, Jabeen F, Younis T, Aslam M. DIVERISTY and enzymatic potential of indigenous bacteria from unexplored contaminted soils in Faisalabad. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15256. [PMID: 37095930 PMCID: PMC10122040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria residing in contaminated waste soil degrade and utilize organic and inorganic material as a source of nutrients as well as reduce environmental contamination through their enzymatic machinery. This enzymatic potential of indigenous bacteria can be exploited at industrial level through detailed screening, characterization, optimization and purification. In present study, diversity and enzymatic potential of indigenous bacteria was investigated through qualitative and quantitative screening methods from unexplored contaminated soil waste sites in Faisalabad. Shannon diversity (H') index revealed that twenty-eight soil samples from four contaminated sites were highly diverse of amylase, protease and lipase producing bacteria. Maximum protease producing bacteria were detected in fruit waste (1.929 × 107), whereas amylase and lipase producing bacteria were found in industrial (1.475 × 107) and (5.38 × 106), in household waste soil samples. Most of the indigenous bacterial isolates showed potential for multiple enzymes. An isolate OC5 exhibited capability for amylase production and optimization at a wider range of cultural conditions; pH (6-8), temperature (25 °C, 37 °C, 45 °C), incubation time (24-72 h), and NaCl concentrations 0.5-13%, using (1%) starch and lactose as substrates. An isolate OC5 was identified by molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed 99% sequence similarity with Bacillus spp. ANOVA was used to analyzed all data statistically. This study enhances the importance of initial screening and reporting of industrially potent indigenous bacteria from unexplored contaminated waste soils. In future, indigenous bacteria in contaminated wastes may be good candidates to solve various environmental pollution problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Munawar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Musrat Shaheen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sobia Ramzan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Somi Akram Masih
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Aslam
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdelmoneim HM, Taha TH, Elnouby MS, AbuShady HM. Extracellular biosynthesis, OVAT/statistical optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM and its antimicrobial activity. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:277. [PMID: 36581886 PMCID: PMC9801658 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an area of interest for researchers due to its eco-friendly approach. The use of biological approaches provides a clean and promising alternative process for the synthesis of AgNPs. We used for the first time the supernatant of Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM under optimal conditions to produce AgNPs with an acceptable antimicrobial activity against important clinical pathogens. RESULTS In this study, soil bacteria from different locations were isolated and screened for their potential to form AgNPs. The selected isolate, which was found to have the ability to biosynthesize AgNPs, was identified by molecular methods as Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM and its 16S rRNA gene was deposited in GenBank under the accession number OK605882. Different conditions were screened for the maximum production of AgNPs by the selected bacteria. Five independent variables were investigated through optimizations using one variable at a time (OVAT) and the Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBD). The overall optimal parameters for enhancing the biosynthesis of AgNPs using the supernatant of Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM as a novel organism were at an incubation time of 72.0 h, a concentration of 1.5 mM silver nitrate, a temperature of 40.0 °C, a pH of 7.0, and a supernatant concentration of 30% (v/v) under illumination conditions. The biosynthesized AgNPs have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biosynthesized AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 423 nm, spherical shape, and an average particle size of 17.43 nm. FTIR shows the bands at 3321.50, 2160.15, and 1636.33 cm-1 corresponding to the binding vibrations of amine, alkyne nitrile, and primary amine bands, respectively. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against a variety of microbial pathogens of medical importance. Using resazurin-based microtiter dilution, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for AgNPs were 500 µg/mL for all microbial pathogens except for Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883, which has a higher MIC value of 1000 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data revealed the successful green production of AgNPs using the supernatant of Leclercia adecarboxylata THHM that can be effectively used as an antimicrobial agent against most human pathogenic microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abdelmoneim
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek H. Taha
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Elnouby
- grid.420020.40000 0004 0483 2576Composite and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934 Egypt
| | - Hala Mohamed AbuShady
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Bendary MA, Afifi SS, Moharam ME, Elsoud MMA, Gawdat NA. Optimization of Bacillus subtilis NRC1 growth conditions using response surface methodology for sustainable biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20882. [PMID: 36463321 PMCID: PMC9719549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have different unique properties and a wide range of applications in different fields. Thereby, there is a growing urgency for the production of AuNPs using a safe and an economic method. In this study, optimization of fermentation conditions by Bacillus subtilis NRC1 for extracellular AuNPs synthesis using response surface methodology was achieved. The data obtained from Plackett-Burman design followed by Box-Behnken design indicated the accuracy and reliability of the model and it could be used to navigate the design space with a reasonable accuracy. Numerical optimization of Bacillus subtilis NRC1 active extracellular filtrate production, showed the optimum conditions of 0.74% (w/v) casein hydrolysate, 3.99% (w/v) dextrin, 47 × 106 CFU/ml inoculum size at pH 7.76 and 25 [Formula: see text]C to give the maximum AuNPs biosynthesis. The model was highly valid and the obtained data had a confidence factor of 98.48%. Statistical optimization resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in AuNPs production compared with that of the non-optimized medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda A. El-Bendary
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa S. Afifi
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maysa E. Moharam
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Abo Elsoud
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Gawdat
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
El-Bendary MA, Afifi SS, Moharam ME, Abo Elsoud MM, Gawdat NA. Optimization of Bacillus subtilis growth parameters for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:183-194. [PMID: 35416757 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2056899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely biosynthesized and used nanomaterials. They have different unique properties and a wide range of applications. This study is concerned with optimization of the growth conditions of Bacillus subtilis NRC1 for the biosynthesis of AgNPs using two designs of response surface methodology (RSM) statistical analysis. The data obtained from Plackett-Burman design (PBD) followed by central composite design (CCD), showed a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values of AgNPs biosynthesis. The optimum conditions were 0.7% (w/v) casein hydrolysate, 5% dextrin (w/v), pH 7.5 and 57 × 106 CFU/ml inoculum size. The model was highly valid and could be applied with a confidence factor of 99.47%. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these AgNPs synthesized using the extracellular filtrate after growth of Bacillus subtilis NRC1 in the optimized medium was found to be 41-43µg/ml for all tested microorganisms with exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa where MIC was 169 µg/ml.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda A El-Bendary
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa S Afifi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maysa E Moharam
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Abo Elsoud
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Gawdat
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kober AKMH, Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulation Potential of Probiotics: A Novel Strategy for Improving Livestock Health, Immunity, and Productivity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020388. [PMID: 35208843 PMCID: PMC8878146 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of probiotics as feed supplements in animal production has increased considerably due to the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock. This review provides an overview of the current situation, limitation, and prospects for probiotic formulations applied to livestock. Recently, the use of probiotics in livestock has been suggested to significantly improve their health, immunity, growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal microbial balance. Furthermore, it was reported that the use of probiotics in animals was helpful in equilibrating their beneficial microbial population and microbial turnover via stimulating the host immune response through specific secretions and competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract. Recently, there has been great interest in the understanding of probiotics targeted diet and its ability to compete with harmful microbes and acquire their niches. Therefore, the present review explores the most commonly used probiotic formulations in livestock feed and their effect on animal health. In summary, this article provides an in-depth knowledge about the formulation of probiotics as a step toward a better alternative to antibiotic healthy growth strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
CHAUHAN V, DHIMAN V, KANWAR SS. Combination of classical and statistical approaches to enhance the fermentation conditions and increase the yield of Lipopeptide(s) by Pseudomonas sp. OXDC12: its partial purification and determining antifungal property. Turk J Biol 2021; 45:695-710. [PMID: 35068950 PMCID: PMC8733952 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2106-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 200 different lipopeptides (LPs) have been identified to date, most of which are produced via Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. The clinical nature of the lipopeptide (LP) has led to a big surge in its research. They show antimicrobial and antitumor activities due to which mass-scale production and purification of LPs are beneficial. Response surface methodology (RSM) approach has emerged as an alternative in the field of computational biology for optimizing the reaction parameters using statistical models. In the present study, Pseudomonas sp. strain OXDC12 was used for production and partial purification of LPs using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The main goal of the study was to increase the overall yield of LPs by optimizing the different variables in the fermentation broth. This was achieved using a combination of one factor at a time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. OFAT technique was used to optimize the necessary parameters and was followed by the creation of statistical models (RSM) to optimize the remaining variables. Maximum mycelial growth inhibition (%) against the fungus Mucor sp. was 61.3% for LP. Overall, the combination of both OFAT and RSM helped in increasing the LPs yield by 3 folds from 367mg/L to 1169mg/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek CHAUHAN
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer HillIndia
| | - Vivek DHIMAN
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer HillIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ousaadi MI, Merouane F, Berkani M, Almomani F, Vasseghian Y, Kitouni M. Valorization and optimization of agro-industrial orange waste for the production of enzyme by halophilic Streptomyces sp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111494. [PMID: 34171373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study underlines the biotechnical valorization of the accumulated and unusable remains of agro-industrial orange fruit peel waste to produce α-amylase under submerged conditions by Streptomyces sp. KP314280 (20r). The response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used to model and optimize the conditions for the α-amylase production. Four independent variables were evaluated for α-amylase activity including substrate concentration, inoculum size, sodium chloride powder (NaCl), and pH. A ten-fold cross-validation indicated that the ANN has a greater ability than the RSM to predict the α-amylase activity (R2ANN = 0.884 and R2RSM = 0.725). The analysis of variance indicated that the aforementioned four factors significantly affected the α-amylase activity. Additionally, the α-amylase production experiments were conducted according to the optimal conditions generated by the GA. The results indicated that the amylase yield increased by 4-fold. Moreover, the α-amylase production (12.19 U/mL) in the optimized medium was compatible with the predicted conditions outlined by the ANN-GA model (12.62 U/mL). As such, the ANN and GA combination is optimizable for α-amylase production and exhibits an accurate prediction which provides an alternative to other biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Imene Ousaadi
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fateh Merouane
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Kitouni
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologie et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced cecal inflammation in mice by regulating their intestinal flora. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112438. [PMID: 34303774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a mycotoxin that widely exists in feed and has a great impact on human and animal health. This study aimed to examine whether Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 protected against aflatoxin B1-induced cecal inflammation in mice. It was found that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 could significantly improve the effects of AFB1 on body weight and intestinal inflammation of mice and enhance the expression of tight-junction protein. Compared with the CON group, the combination of AFB1 and B10 significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacilli in a collaborative manner, and significantly reduced the abundance of Ruminococcae, Lactobacillaceae and Clostridia. Meanwhile, the results showed that the abundance of Bacterides and Bacterdia in AFB1 + B10 group was significantly lower than that of AFB1 group, and the Firmicutes increased significantly. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 can be used as a feed additive and alleviate cecal inflammation induced by AFB1 in mice by regulating intestinal flora.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bangoria P, Divecha J, Shah AR. Production of mannooligosaccharides producing β-Mannanase by newly isolated Penicillium aculeatum APS1 using oil seed residues under solid state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
17
|
Bakari R, Kivevele T, Huang X, Jande YAC. Sub- and Supercritical Water Gasification of Rice Husk: Parametric Optimization Using the I-Optimality Criterion. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12480-12499. [PMID: 34056398 PMCID: PMC8154174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, rice husk biomass was gasified under sub- and supercritical water conditions in an autoclave reactor. The effect of temperature (350-500 °C), residence time (30-120 min), and feed concentration (3-10 wt %) was experimentally studied using the response surface methodology in relation to the yield of gasification products. The quadratic models have been suggested for both responses. Based on the models, the quantitative relationship between various operational conditions and the responses will reliably forecast the experimental outcomes. The findings revealed that higher temperatures, longer residence times, and lower feed concentrations favored high gas yields. The lowest tar yield obtained was 2.98 wt %, while the highest gasification efficiency and gas volume attained were 64.27% and 423 mL/g, respectively. The ANOVA test showed that the order of the effects of the factors on all responses except gravimetric tar yield follows temperature > feed concentration > residence time. The gravimetric tar yield followed a different trend: temperature > residence time > feed concentration. The results revealed that SCW gasification could provide an effective mechanism for transforming the energy content of RH into a substantial fuel product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhani Bakari
- Department
of Materials, and Energy Sciences and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- African
Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy
Futures (WISE-Futures), The Nelson Mandela
African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 9124, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- Department
of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, The
University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 11090, Dodoma 41000 Tanzania
- . Phone: +255762 830 631
| | - Thomas Kivevele
- Department
of Materials, and Energy Sciences and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- African
Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy
Futures (WISE-Futures), The Nelson Mandela
African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 9124, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Yusufu A. C. Jande
- Department
of Materials, and Energy Sciences and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- African
Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy
Futures (WISE-Futures), The Nelson Mandela
African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 9124, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- . Phone: +255655825866
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Screening and Characterization of Thermostable Amylase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Soil Samples of Afdera, Afar Region, and Molecular Detection of Amylase-Coding Gene. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5592885. [PMID: 34046067 PMCID: PMC8128607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5592885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying thermostable amylase-producing bacteria in extreme environments has a crucial role to overcome different industrial challenges. Afar Region is one of the hottest and salty areas, making it the home of extremophiles. This study aimed at screening and characterizing amylase-producing bacteria isolated from soil samples of Afdera, Afar Region, and detection of their amylase-coding genes. Thus, a total of 49 bacterial isolates were obtained from the collected soil samples. Out of these, three isolates (M2, M8, and M13) were selected on the basis of diameter of the average clear zone formation and time taken to decolorize iodine solution. Based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates were identified as genus Bacillus. PCR amplification and detection of the amylase-coding gene confirmed the presence of the amylase gene in the three bacterial isolates. Optimum amylase production time for these isolates was 48 hrs (M13 and M8) and 72 hrs (M2) corresponding to the amylase activity of 0.67 U/mL for M13, 0.74 U/mL for M8, and 0.73 U/mL for M2 with an optimum temperature of 55°C. Studies on the effect of temperature revealed that the crude enzyme had a maximum activity and stability at 75°C, 70°C, and 65°C for isolates M13, M8, and M2, respectively. Additionally, amylase produced from all isolates retained more than 66.41% of their original activity after incubating them at a temperature range from 55 to 80°C for 50 min. Optimum pH for the activity of all crude amylases was in the range from 5 to 9 with a peak activity at pH 8. Their activity decreased significantly by the presence of Zn+2 and Mg2+; however, their activity increased by the presence of Ca+2. Moreover, the three crude amylases were stable (0–3 M) with NaCl concentration. Amylases of this finding with thermophilic and halophilic characteristics offer a wide range of applications in food, brewing, textile, starch, paper, and deterrent industries. Thus, identification of these Bacillus isolates at a molecular level and purification as well as detailed characterization of the types of amylases are recommended for effective utilization in different industries.
Collapse
|
19
|
Balakrishnan M, Jeevarathinam G, Kumar SKS, Muniraj I, Uthandi S. Optimization and scale-up of α-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae using solid-state fermentation of edible oil cakes. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33947396 PMCID: PMC8094467 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amylases produced by fungi during solid-state fermentation are the most widely used commercial enzymes to meet the ever-increasing demands of the global enzyme market. The use of low-cost substrates to curtail the production cost and reuse solid wastes are seen as viable options for the commercial production of many enzymes. Applications of α-amylases in food, feed, and industrial sectors have increased over the years. Additionally, the demand for processed and ready-to-eat food has increased because of the rapid growth of food-processing industries in developing economies. These factors significantly contribute to the global enzyme market. It is estimated that by the end of 2024, the global α-amylase market would reach USD 320.1 million (Grand View Research Inc., 2016). We produced α-amylase using Aspergillus oryzae and low-cost substrates obtained from edible oil cake, such as groundnut oil cake (GOC), coconut oil cake (COC), sesame oil cake (SOC) by solid-state fermentation. We cultivated the fungus using these nutrient-rich substrates to produce the enzyme. The enzyme was extracted, partially purified, and tested for pH and temperature stability. The effect of pH, incubation period and temperature on α-amylase production using A. oryzae was optimized. Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and determine the effects of all process parameters on α-amylase production. The overall cost economics of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter was also studied. Results The substrate optimization for α-amylase production by the Box–Behnken design of RSM showed GOC as the most suitable substrate for A. oryzae, as evident from its maximum α-amylase production of 9868.12 U/gds. Further optimization of process parameters showed that the initial moisture content of 64%, pH of 4.5, incubation period of 108 h, and temperature of 32.5 °C are optimum conditions for α-amylase production. The production increased by 11.4% (10,994.74 U/gds) by up-scaling and using optimized conditions in a pilot-scale fermenter. The partially purified α-amylase exhibited maximum stability at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 55 °C. The overall cost economic studies showed that the partially purified α-amylase could be produced at the rate of Rs. 622/L. Conclusions The process parameters for enhanced α-amylase secretion were analyzed using 3D contour plots by RSM, which showed that contour lines were more oriented toward incubation temperature and pH, having a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the α-amylase activity. The optimized parameters were subsequently employed in a 600 L-pilot-scale fermenter for the α-amylase production. The substrates were rich in nutrients, and supplementation of nutrients was not required. Thus, we have suggested an economically viable process of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Balakrishnan
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
| | - G Jeevarathinam
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - S Kiran Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Iniyakumar Muniraj
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Production and Optimization of Xylanase and α-Amylase from Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts (Pichia membranifaciens). JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The xylanolytic and amylolytic yeasts were qualitatively determined by Cong red xylan agar and soluble starch agar plates, respectively. The most xylanase and α-amylase inducible strain (AUN-02) was selected and identified using PCR amplification of 26S rRNA gene and sequence analysis. The comparison of the alignment results and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the isolated yeast to published rRNA gene sequences in GenBank, confirmed the identification of the isolate as Pichia membranifaciens. Xylanase and α-amylase production by isolated P. membranifaciens were investigated at different pH values (4-8), temperature degrees (20-45°C), incubation time (1-7 days) and various substrates.A higher production of xylanase (38.8 U/mL) and a-amylase (28.7 U/mL) was obtained after 4 days of fermentation of P. membranifaciens. Higher activity of xylanase (36.83 U/mL) and a-amylase (27.7 U/mL) was obtained in the fermentation of P. membranifaciens in a culture medium adjusted to pH 7.0. The optimum temperature showed maximum xylanase and a-amylase activity (42.6 and 32.5 units/mL, respectively) was estimated at 35 °C. The xylanase and a-amylase activities of P. membranifaciens were estimated and compared for the different substrates tested. The strain revealed 100% relative activity of xylanase and a-amylase on beechwood and potato starch, respectively. The affinity of enzymes towards substrate was estimated using Km values. The Km values of xylanase and α-amylase increased in the order of pH’s 7.0, 6.0 and 4.5 (0.85, 1.6 and 3.4 mg xylan/mL and 0.22, 0.43 and 2.8 mg starch/mL, respectively). the yeast P. membranifaciensis is suitable for produce neutral xylanase and α-amylase enzymes. So, it could be used as a promising strain for production of these enzymes in industrial field.
Collapse
|
21
|
Saad WF, Othman AM, Abdel-Fattah M, Ahmad MS. Response surface methodology as an approach for optimization of α-amylase production by the new isolated thermotolerant Bacillus licheniformis WF67 strain in submerged fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
Saeed AM, El-Shatoury EH, Sayed HAE. Statistical factorial designs for optimum production of thermostable α-amylase by the degradative bacterium Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius Pharon1 isolated from Sinai, Egypt. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:24. [PMID: 33523315 PMCID: PMC7851196 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to isolate potent thermophilic and amylolytic bacteria from a hot spring of Pharaoh's bath, Sinai, Egypt, and screen its degradative activity. The amylolytic activity was further optimized using a statistical full factorial design followed by response surface methodology. RESULTS A thermophilic bacterium was isolated from the hot spring of Pharaoh's Bath, Sinai, Egypt. The isolate produced amylase, cellulase, and caseinase and was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius Pharon1 (MG965879). A growth medium containing 1% soluble starch was found to optimize the amylase production. Dinitrosalycalic acid method (DNS) was used to estimate the amount of reducing sugar produced. Statistical full factorial and response surface designs were employed to optimize physical variables affecting the α-amylase production and determine the significant interactions of the studied variables during the fermentation process. According to the results obtained by the response optimizer, the maximum amylase activity reached 76.07 U/mL/ min at 54.1°C, pH 5.6 after 98.5 h incubation under aerobic conditions. Moreover, the produced enzyme was thermostable and retained most of its activity when exposed to a high temperature of 100°C for 120 min. Maximum enzyme activity was attained when the enzyme was incubated at 70°C for 30 min. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the production of thermostable α-amylase by the potent thermophilic Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius. The enzyme endured extreme conditions of temperature and pH which are important criteria for commercial and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Einas H El-Shatoury
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayam A E Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Desai RP, Dave D, Suthar SA, Shah S, Ruparelia N, Kikani BA. Immobilization of α-amylase on GO-magnetite nanoparticles for the production of high maltose containing syrup. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:228-238. [PMID: 33338531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Robust amylases with stability and catalysis at multitude of extremities are the need of an hour. Enzyme immobilization may prove beneficial at commercial scale to achieve such attributes. In the present study, a commercially available amylase was immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) - magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles through covalent bonding. The structural and morphological characterizations were conducted by XRD, SEM and TEM. Further, FTIR and TGA confirmed the interaction between amylase, GO and nanoparticles. The variables, such as concentrations of GO (1.3 mg), Fe3O4 (58 μg), and amylase (4.5 mg) were optimized by the response surface methodology using central composite design. High loading capacity of 77.58 μg amylase over 1 μg GO-magnetite nanoparticles was achieved under optimum conditions. Biochemically, the pH optimum remained unaltered, i.e., pH 7, whereas, the alkalitolerance was increased by ~20% in relative activities upon immobilization. The half-life of soluble amylase was 13 h, which enhanced to 20 h upon immobilization in 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7 at 50 °C. Besides, the thermodynamic parameters supported the stability trends. The immobilized amylase could be used for 11 subsequent cycles. The mentioned attributes and the dextrose equivalent values during the production of high maltose containing syrup highlighted its commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rucha P Desai
- Department of Physical Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Dolly Dave
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Sadikhusain A Suthar
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Ruparelia
- Department of Physical Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sahu R, Meghavarnam AK, Janakiraman S. Response surface methodology: An effective optimization strategy for enhanced production of nitrile hydratase (NHase) by Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6). Heliyon 2020; 6:e05111. [PMID: 33088939 PMCID: PMC7560586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase is an enzyme which catalyze the hydration of nitriles into amide and their role as catalysts for acrylamide production in industries are well known. The present study aims at statistically optimizing physiological and nutritional parameters for NHase production from Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6). The effect of incubation period, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of NHase was investigated by one factor at a time strategy. Further optimization process was carried out by response surface methodology for studying the interactive effect of these variables using central composite design. The optimized levels of variables obtained by statistical analysis were: incubation period 48 h, temperature 33 °C, pH 7.0, glycerol 1% and urea 0.75%, which resulted in maximum NHase production. The results of ANOVA were significant with the F-value of the model being 296.78, value of R 2 is 0.9983 and the lack of fit test was not significant. The contour and response surface plots showed significant interaction between the variables. The NHase yield was enhanced up to 6.22 fold by statistical optimization using RSM. Thus, the developed experimental design is effective towards process optimization for NHase production from R. rhodochrous (RS-6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sahu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Savitha Janakiraman
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
In Silico Study and Optimization of Bacillus megaterium alpha-Amylases Production Obtained from Honey Sources. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2593-2601. [PMID: 32424606 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen alpha-amylase producing microorganisms from honey as a low water activity medium, a suitable source for selecting stable and cost-beneficial bacterial enzyme production systems. Plackett-Burman method was used to select twelve effective factors including pH, inoculum size, temperature, time, corn starch, KH2PO4, peptone, MgSO4, CaCl2, NaCl, glycerin, and yeast extract concentrations on bacterial alpha-amylases production yield. The Box-Behnken method was utilized to optimize the level of selected significant factors. The stability of bacterial alpha-amylases was also determined in low pH and high-temperature conditions. In addition, in silico study was used to create the alpha-amylase structure and study the stability in high-temperature and low water available condition. Among all isolated and characterized microorganisms, Bacillus megaterium produced the highest amount of alpha-amylases. The in silico data showed the enzyme 3D structure similarity to alpha-amylase from Halothermothrix orenii and highly negative charge amino acids on its surface caused the enzyme activity and stability in low water conditions. Based on Box-Behnken results, the temperature 35 °C, pH 6 and starch 40 g/l were determined as the optimum level of significant factors to achieve the highest alpha-amylases unit (101.44 U/ml). This bacterial alpha-amylases enzyme showed stability at pH 5 and a range of temperatures from 40 to 60 °C that indicates this enzyme may possess the potential for using in industrial processes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Elyasi Far B, Ahmadi Y, Yari Khosroshahi A, Dilmaghani A. Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:350-358. [PMID: 32665893 PMCID: PMC7335993 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-amylase reputes for starch modification by breaking of 1-4 glycosidic bands and is widely applied in different industrial sectors. Microorganisms express unique alpha-amylases with thermostable and halotolerant characteristics dependent on the microorganism’s intrinsic features. Likewise, genetic engineering methods are applied to produce enzymes with higher stability in contrast to wild types. As there are widespread application of α-amylase in industry, optimization methods like RSM are used to improve the production of the enzyme ex vivo. This study aimed to review the latest researches on the production improvement and stability of α-amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Elyasi Far
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yassin Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroshahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azita Dilmaghani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van der Peet-Schwering C, Verheijen R, Jørgensen L, Raff L. Effects of a mixture of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis on the performance of growing-finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Marques NSAA, da Silva IGS, Cavalcanti DL, Maia PCSV, Santos VP, Andrade RFS, Campos-Takaki GM. Eco-Friendly Bioemulsifier Production by Mucor circinelloides UCP0001 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments Using Renewable Substrates for Environmental Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E365. [PMID: 32120912 PMCID: PMC7175160 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful production of a biosurfactant is dependent on the development of processes using low cost raw materials. In the present work, an economically attractive medium composed of corn steep liquor and waste cooking oil was formulated to maximize the production of bioemulsifier by Mucor circinelloides UCP0001. A central rotational composite design was applied to statistical validation of the production. The emulsifying properties, stability under extreme conditions, its toxicity character, and the characterization of the bioemulsifier were determined. The best condition for biomolecule synthesis occurred in the assay 2 containing 4% of corn steep liquor and 3% waste soybean oil and exhibited 100% emulsification index for canola oil and petroleum, as well as excellent emulsifying activity for canola oil and burned engine oil. The nutritional factors studied showed statistical relevance, since all linear, quadratic effects and their interactions were significant. The bioemulsifier showed 2.69 g/L yield and the chemical character of the molecule structure was identified by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy. The bioemulsifier showed no toxicity to Artemia salina and Chlorella vulgaris. Stable emulsions were obtained under extreme conditions of temperature, pH, and salinity. These findings contribute to understanding of the relationship between production, physical properties, chemical composition, and stability of bioemulsifier for their potential applications in biotechnology, such as bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália S. A. A. Marques
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (N.S.A.A.M.); (I.G.S.d.S.); (P.C.S.V.M.); (V.P.S.)
- Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50870-420, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Israel G. Sales da Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (N.S.A.A.M.); (I.G.S.d.S.); (P.C.S.V.M.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Davi L. Cavalcanti
- Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50870-420, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia C. S. V. Maia
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (N.S.A.A.M.); (I.G.S.d.S.); (P.C.S.V.M.); (V.P.S.)
- Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50870-420, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa P. Santos
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (N.S.A.A.M.); (I.G.S.d.S.); (P.C.S.V.M.); (V.P.S.)
- Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50870-420, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Rosileide F. S. Andrade
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Galba M. Campos-Takaki
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-590, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Immobilization of fenugreek β-amylase onto functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using Box-Behnken design: Its biochemical, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
30
|
Li M, Song J, Ma Q, Kong D, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Parales R, Ruan Z, Zhang Q. Insight into the Characteristics and New Mechanism of Nicosulfuron Biodegradation by a Pseudomonas sp. LAM1902. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:826-837. [PMID: 31895558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A total of five strains of nicosulfuron-degrading bacteria were isolated from a continuously cultivated microbial consortium using culturomics. Among them, a novel Pseudomonas strain, LAM1902, with the highest degradation efficiency was investigated in detail. The characteristics of nicosulfuron-degradation by LAM1902 were investigated and optimized by response surface analysis. Furthermore, non-targeted metabolomic analysis of extracellular and intracellular biodegradation of nicosulfuron by LAM1902 was carried out by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-time-of-flight/mass spectroscopy (GC-TOF/MS). It was found that nicosulfuron was degraded by LAM1902 mainly via breaking the sulfonylurea bridge, and this degradation might be attributed to oxalate accumulation. The results of GC-TOF/MS also showed that the intracellular degradation of nicosulfuron did not occur. However, nicosulfuron exerted a significant influence on the metabolism of inositol phosphate, pyrimidine, arginine/proline, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism and streptomycin biosynthesis. The changes of myo-inositol, trehalose, and 3-aminoisobutanoic acid were proposed as a mechanism of self-protection against nicosulfuron stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- College of Bioscience and Engineering , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , PR China
| | - Jinlong Song
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , China
| | - Qingyun Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Delong Kong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Rebecca Parales
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences , University of California, Davis , Davis 95616 , California , United States
| | - Zhiyong Ruan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Engineering , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Agrawal DC, Yadav A, Singh VK, Srivastava A, Kayastha AM. Immobilization of fenugreek β-amylase onto functionalized tungsten disulfide nanoparticles using response surface methodology: Its characterization and interaction with maltose and sucrose. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110600. [PMID: 31704608 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, fenugreek β-amylase was immobilized onto functionalized tungsten disulfide nanoparticles through cross-linker glutaraldehyde and successful immobilization was confirmed by SEM, AFM and FTIR spectroscopy. To make the process economical and efficient, optimization of independent variables was carried out using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Approximately similar predicted (85.6%) and experimental (84.2%) immobilization efficiency revealed that the model is suitable for design of space. Optimum temperature was calculated to be 60 °C. After immobilization, an increased Km (2.12 times) and a decreased Vmax (0.58 times), indicated inaccessibility of active site residues to the substrate. The immobilized enzyme retained 77% relative activity after 10 uses whereas 40% residual activity was obtained after 120 days. An increased half-life with concomitantly decreased kinetic rate constant revealed that the immobilized enzyme is more stable at a higher temperature and the process followed first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.93). The limit of detection for maltose and sucrose fluorescence biosensor was found to be 0.052 and 0.096 mM, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG < 0), enthalpy (ΔH > 0) and entropy (ΔS >0) revealed that the process is spontaneous and endothermic, driven by hydrophobic interactions. Thermo-stability data at higher temperature for the immobilized enzyme makes it a suitable candidate for industrial applications in the production of maltose in food and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, fluorescence biosensor could be used to detect and quantify maltose and sucrose to maintain the quality of industrial products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Chand Agrawal
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anjali Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arvind M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kikani BA, Kourien S, Rathod U. Stability and Thermodynamic Attributes of Starch Hydrolyzing α‐Amylase of
Anoxybacillus rupiensis
TS‐4. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh A. Kikani
- Department of Biological SciencesP.D. Patel Institute of Applied SciencesCharotar University of Science and Technology Changa 388 421 Gujarat India
- Department of MicrobiologyM. & N. Virani Science College Rajkot 360 005 Gujarat India
| | - Susen Kourien
- Department of Biological SciencesP.D. Patel Institute of Applied SciencesCharotar University of Science and Technology Changa 388 421 Gujarat India
| | - Upasna Rathod
- Department of MicrobiologyM. & N. Virani Science College Rajkot 360 005 Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ji L, Fu X, Wang M, Xu C, Chen G, Song F, Guo S, Zhang Q. Enzyme cocktail containing NADH regeneration system for efficient bioremediation of oil sludge contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:132-139. [PMID: 31170583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oil sludge is one kind of toxic and persistent contamination to ecology system from petroleum industry. In order to recycle contaminated sands and reduce environmental impacts at a lower operating cost, enzyme cocktail 21/CbFDH including NADH regeneration system for oily sludge bioremediation was constructed for the first time. The intracellular enzymes of oil-degrading strain Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 21 were prepared and the formate dehydrogenase gene Cbfdh from Candida boidinii was cloned and functionally expressed in E.coli BL21 induced by lactose. The activity and stability of CbFDH was enhanced through self-induction medium optimization using Box-Behnken design. The CbFDH activity was 12.2 times increased and was only decreased 3.9% upon storage at 30 °C for 5 d. The CbFDH increased the degradation rate of oil in high concentration. For the sludge with 10% oil (w/w), the degradation rate achieved 35.6% after 12 h using enzyme 21/CbFDH with the protein ratio of 1:4. The results will provide novel perspectives for creation and operation of petroleum-degrading enzymes involving formate dehydrogenase with higher efficiency and lower cost comparing to current microbial strains or consortium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103, PR China.
| | - Xiaowen Fu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103, PR China
| | - Mutian Wang
- School of Science and Enterprise and Research Centre, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, 00353, Ireland
| | - Chang Xu
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, USA
| | - Guanhong Chen
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103, PR China
| | - Fanyong Song
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103, PR China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang D, Zhang L, Xu Y, Qi X, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Q, Li P. Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Simultaneous Determination of Antioxidants in Sesame with Response Surface Methodology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080321. [PMID: 31430991 PMCID: PMC6720519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame is a nutritional agricultural product with medicinal properties. Accurate determination of micronutrients is important for the improvement of sesame quality and nutrition assessments. Our previous study showed that 10 antioxidants—d-homoproline, vitamin B2, coniferyl aldehyde, hesperidin, phloretin, N-acetyl-l-leucine, l-hyoscyamine, ferulic acid, 5-methoxypsoralen, and 8-methoxypsoralen—in sesame were potential characteristic nutrients in sesame. Herein, simultaneous detection of 10 different types of antioxidants was developed by using ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-LC-MS/MS) with the help of response surface methodology. The significant variables and levels were screened and optimized by combining the single factor experiment, Plackett–Burman test, and Box–Behnken design. The optimal conditions for extraction of target antioxidants in sesame were methanol solution of 75.0%, liquid-to-material ratio of 20:1 (mL/g), extraction temperature of 50 °C, extraction power of 410.0 W, extraction time of 65 min. The total yield of targets was 21.74 μg/g under the optimized conditions. The mobile phase used was 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water, and the column was a Thermo Syncronis C18 reverse phase column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm). All targets required only one injection and could be quickly separated and assayed within 7 min. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for these 10 nutritional compounds ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 µg/kg and from 0.04 to 0.34 µg/kg, respectively. The validation results indicated that the method had reasonable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9990), good recoveries (71.1%–118.3%), satisfactory intra-day precision (≤9.6%) and inter-day precision (≤12.9%), and negligible matrix effects (≤13.8%). This simultaneous quantification method was accurate, fast, and robust for the assessment of sesame nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yueqing Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062 China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cotârleţ M, Maftei NM, Bahrim GE. Increasing the fermentation efficiency of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei MIUG BL6 in a rye flour sourdough. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The present study reports the optimization of the biotechnological conditions in order to improve the lactic acid fermentation process, in a rye flour medium by using Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain, coded MIUG BL6, as a starter culture.
Materials and methods
A sequential statistical methodology, comprised of Plackett-Burman experimental design, central composite design and response surface methodology, was applied to enhance the lactic acid fermentation productivity.
Results and discussion
Among the tested parameters, the milk powder and KH2PO4 concentration and also the time of fermentation were identified as the most significant variables that influence the fermentation process. The optimum levels of these significant parameters were determined as follows: 4.21% milk powder, 0.30% KH2PO4 and 48 h of fermentation that induced an increase of 1.6 fold of the acidity, compared to the fermentation conducted under the non-optimized conditions. Also, under these optimized fermentation conditions, a good rate of cell multiplication of 10.19 log N/N0 was achieved.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dang Y, Zhao F, Liu X, Fan X, Huang R, Gao W, Wang S, Yang C. Enhanced production of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 through metabolic engineering and culture conditions optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:68. [PMID: 30971238 PMCID: PMC6457013 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iturins, which belong to antibiotic cyclic lipopeptides mainly produced by Bacillus sp., have the potential for application in biomedicine and biocontrol because of their hemolytic and antifungal properties. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3, isolated previously by our lab, possesses a complete iturin A biosynthetic pathway as shown by genomic analysis. Nevertheless, iturin A could not be synthesized by strain LL3, possibly resulting from low transcription level of the itu operon. Results In this work, enhanced transcription of the iturin A biosynthetic genes was implemented by inserting a strong constitutive promoter C2up into upstream of the itu operon, leading to the production of iturin A with a titer of 37.35 mg l−1. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the strain produced four iturin A homologs with molecular ion peaks at m/z 1044, 1058, 1072 and 1086 corresponding to [C14 + 2H]2+, [C15 + 2H]2+, [C16 + 2H]2+ and [C17 + 2H]2+. The iturin A extract exhibited strong inhibitory activity against several common plant pathogens. The yield of iturin A was improved to 99.73 mg l−1 by the optimization of the fermentation conditions using a response surface methodology. Furthermore, the yield of iturin A was increased to 113.1 mg l−1 by overexpression of a pleiotropic regulator DegQ. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on simultaneous production of four iturin A homologs (C14–C17) by a Bacillus strain. In addition, this study suggests that metabolic engineering in combination with culture conditions optimization may be a feasible method for enhanced production of bacterial secondary metabolites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1121-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fengjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Blavi L, Jørgensen JN, Stein HH. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis on ileal digestibility of AA and total tract digestibility of CP and gross energy in diets fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:727-734. [PMID: 30445592 PMCID: PMC6358267 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA, CP, and GE, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP and GE, and the apparent hindgut digestibility of CP and GE by growing pigs may be improved by supplementing diets with two direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing different Bacillus strains. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 22.69 ± 1.48 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were individually housed and randomly allotted to a three diet, three period design with 24 pigs and three 21-d periods. There were eight pigs per diet in each period for a total of 24 observations per diet. Three diets that were based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles were formulated. The control diet contained no DFM, but two additional diets contained two different Bacillus strains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus subtilis). Feed was provided in mash form in two daily meals at 0800 and 1600 hours. The initial 12 d of each period was the adaptation period to the diet. Fecal and urine samples were collected from days 13 to 18, and ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on days 20 and 21. Results indicated that there were no differences among diets in ATTD of CP, but the AID of CP was reduced (P < 0.05) for the B. subtilis diet compared with control and B. amyloliquefaciens diets. Therefore, the apparent hindgut digestibility of CP was greater (P < 0.005) in pigs fed the B. subtilis diet compared with the other diets. The AID of total indispensable, total dispensable, and total AA was greater (P < 0.05) in the B. amyloliquefaciens diet compared with the control diet. There were no differences among diets in ATTD of GE, but the AID of GE was greater for the B. amyloliquefaciens diet than for the control and the B. subtilis diets (P < 0.001). Therefore, the apparent hindgut digestibility of GE was less (P < 0.05) in the B. amyloliquefaciens diet compared with the other diets. The DE (DM basis) for the B. subtilis diet was greater (P < 0.05) compared with the control and the B. amyloliquefaciens diets. In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus spp. to diets fed to growing pigs may increase the AID of AA and GE, but there appears to be differences among strains of Bacillus spp. in their impact on AA and energy digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Blavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Handa CL, de Lima FS, Guelfi MFG, Fernandes MDS, Georgetti SR, Ida EI. Parameters of the fermentation of soybean flour by Monascus purpureus or Aspergillus oryzae on the production of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2019; 271:274-283. [PMID: 30236677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects the solid-state fermentation parameters of defatted soybean flour (DSF) by Monascus purpureus or Aspergillus oryzae on the bioactive compounds. Central composite rotatable design, multi-response optimization, and Pearson's correlation were used. The fermentation parameters as initial pH (X1), DSF-to-water ratio (X2), and incubation temperature (X3) were taken as independent variables. The function responses were isoflavone content, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity. All fermentation parameters affected the isoflavone content when fermented by Monascus purpureus, whereas the TPC or antioxidant activities remained almost unchanged. For the fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae, all the function responses were influenced by X2 and X3 and were independent of the X1. Estimated optimum conditions were found as x1 = 6.0, x2 = 1:1, and x3 = 30 °C for both fungi. Achieving suitable fermentation parameters is essential to increase bioactive compounds in the DSF that makes it promising for food industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Ladeira Handa
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sanches de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcela Fernanda Geton Guelfi
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Meg da Silva Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Elza Iouko Ida
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Frantz SC, Paludo LC, Stutz H, Spier MR. Production of amylases from Coprinus comatus under submerged culture using wheat-milling by-products: Optimization, kinetic parameters, partial purification and characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
40
|
Uhoraningoga A, Kinsella GK, Henehan GT, Ryan BJ. The Goldilocks Approach: A Review of Employing Design of Experiments in Prokaryotic Recombinant Protein Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E89. [PMID: 30347746 PMCID: PMC6316313 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of high yields of soluble recombinant protein is one of the main objectives of protein biotechnology. Several factors, such as expression system, vector, host, media composition and induction conditions can influence recombinant protein yield. Identifying the most important factors for optimum protein expression may involve significant investment of time and considerable cost. To address this problem, statistical models such as Design of Experiments (DoE) have been used to optimise recombinant protein production. This review examines the application of DoE in the production of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic expression systems with specific emphasis on media composition and culture conditions. The review examines the most commonly used DoE screening and optimisation designs. It provides examples of DoE applied to optimisation of media and culture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary T Henehan
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D01 HV58, Ireland.
| | - Barry J Ryan
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D01 HV58, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Enhancement of the Efficiency of Bioethanol Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae via Gradually Batch-Wise and Fed-Batch Increasing the Glucose Concentration. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Nurfarahin AH, Mohamed MS, Phang LY. Culture Medium Development for Microbial-Derived Surfactants Production-An Overview. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051049. [PMID: 29723959 PMCID: PMC6099601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are compounds that can reduce the surface tension between two different phases or the interfacial tension of the liquid between water and oil, possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Biosurfactants have traits that have proven to be advantageous over synthetic surfactants, but these compounds do not compete economically with synthetic surfactants. Different alternatives increase the yield of biosurfactants; development of an economical production process and the usage of cheaper substrates during process have been employed. One of the solutions relies on the suitable formulation of a production medium by including alternative raw materials sourced from agro-wastes, hydrocarbons, or by-products of a process might help in boosting the biosurfactant production. Since the nutritional factors required will be different among microorganisms, the establishment of a suitable formulation for biosurfactant production will be challenging. The present review describes various nutrients and elements considered in the formulation of a production medium with an approach focusing on the macronutrient (carbon, nitrogen source, and C/N ratio), minerals, vitamins, metabolic regulators, and salinity levels which may aid in the study of biosurfactant production in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hamid Nurfarahin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Lai Yee Phang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sahoo RK, Kumar M, Mohanty S, Sawyer M, Rahman PKSM, Sukla LB, Subudhi E. Statistical optimization for lipase production from solid waste of vegetable oil industry. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:321-326. [PMID: 29424632 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1431785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of biofuel using thermostable bacterial lipase from hot spring bacteria out of low-cost agricultural residue olive oil cake is reported in the present paper. Using a lipase enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis, a 66.5% yield of methyl esters was obtained. Optimum parameters were determined, with maximum production of lipase at a pH of 8.2, temperature 50.8°C, moisture content of 55.7%, and biosurfactant content of 1.693 mg. The contour plots and 3D surface responses depict the significant interaction of pH and moisture content with biosurfactant during lipase production. Chromatographic analysis of the lipase transesterification product was methyl esters, from kitchen waste oil under optimized conditions, generated methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sahoo
- a Centre for Biotechnology , Siksha O Anusandhan University , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
| | | | - Swati Mohanty
- c Process Modeling and Instrumentation , CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology , Bhubaneswar , India
| | - Matthew Sawyer
- d Technology Futures Institute, School of Science and Engineering , Teesside University , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - Pattanathu K S M Rahman
- d Technology Futures Institute, School of Science and Engineering , Teesside University , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - Lala Behari Sukla
- e Biofuels and Bioprocessing Research Center , Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University , Bhubaneswar , India
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- a Centre for Biotechnology , Siksha O Anusandhan University , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sagar NA, Pareek S, Sharma S, Yahia EM, Lobo MG. Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds, Their Extraction, and Possible Utilization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:512-531. [PMID: 33350136 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health-promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by-products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Dept. of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natl. Inst. of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Dept. of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natl. Inst. of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Dept. of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natl. Inst. of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Elhadi M Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Maria Gloria Lobo
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, La laguna-Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sathish T, Kezia D, Bramhachari P, Prakasham RS. Multi-objective based superimposed optimization method for enhancement of l -glutaminase production by Bacillus subtilis RSP-GLU. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
46
|
Vaikundamoorthy R, Rajendran R, Selvaraju A, Moorthy K, Perumal S. Development of thermostable amylase enzyme from Bacillus cereus for potential antibiofilm activity. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:494-506. [PMID: 29454827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The marine bacterial strain Bacillus cereus was used to produce amylase enzyme and has excellent alkali-stable and thermostable enzymatic activity. The combined effects of pH, temperature and incubation time on amylase activity were studied using response surface methodology. The amylase enzyme activity was also determined in the presence of various metal ions, chelating agents, detergents and the results showed that the maximum enzyme activity was observed in the presence of calcium chloride (96.1%), EDTA (63.4%) and surf excel (90.6%). The amylase enzyme exhibited excellent antibiofilm activity against marine derived biofilm forming bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in microtiter plate assay and congo red assay. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis were also used to confirm the potential biofilm activity of amylase enzyme. The CLSM analysis showed the inhibition of complete biofilm formation on amylase enzyme treated glass surface. Further in vivo toxicity analysis of amylase enzyme was determined against marine organisms Dioithona rigida and Artemia salina. The results showed that there is no morphological changes were observed due to the minimal toxicity of amylase enzyme. Overall these findings suggested that marine bacterial derived amylase enzyme could be developed as potential antibiofilm agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Vaikundamoorthy
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaram Rajendran
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ananth Selvaraju
- Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasan Moorthy
- Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhanam Perumal
- Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cao GT, Zhan XA, Zhang LL, Zeng XF, Chen AG, Yang CM. Modulation of broilers' caecal microflora and metabolites in response to a potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:e909-e917. [PMID: 29314285 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found that a dietary supplement of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved the growth performance, increased the nutrient digestibility of hosts and modulated the intestinal microflora. A total of 360 1-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into three treatments: a control group with a basal diet, an antibiotic group with a basal diet and added colistin sulphate, and a probiotics group with a basal diet and added Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The HiSeq high-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the differences in birds' caecal microflora, and metabolomics was used to analyse changes in caecal metabolites. Results showed that the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly improved the BW and ADG compared with the control birds. Results of sequencing indicated that (i) 645, 670, 596 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in birds supplemented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on day 7, 21 and 42, separately, (ii) due to the diversity and relative abundance of the birds' caecal microflora, the OTUs of the caecal microflora clustered according to age and treatment, except on day 42, (iii) among the six predominate families (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Rikenellaceae), the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased Enterobacteriaceae on day 42, (iv) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus on day 21, increased the Faecalibacterium and Blautia and decreased the Ruminococcus on day 42. The metabolomics of caecal metabolites showed that the dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens changed the caecal metabolites involved of amino acid metabolism and glyceride metabolism, and the antibiotics changed the caecal metabolites that were related to carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism on day 21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X A Zhan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - X F Zeng
- Zhejiang Huijia Biological Technology Ltd., Anji, China
| | - A G Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - C M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of indigo and indirubin from Isatis indigotica Fort. and their antioxidant capacities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1313-1323. [PMID: 30263665 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective method for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of indigo and indirubin from Isatis indigotica Fort. was established and their antioxidant activities were investigated. Response surface methodology based on a three-level, four-factor Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Analysis of variance showed that the quadratic model was significant for the extraction of indigo and indirubin (112.72% ± 1.65% and 116.42% ± 1.27%, respectively) under the optimal conditions (methanol concentration, 80%; extraction time, 25 min; ratio of solid to liquid, 1:34 g/mL; and extraction temperature, 41 °C) and was in good agreement with the predicted value. Moreover, evaluation of the antioxidant activities suggested that indigo and indirubin presented better scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical and superoxide radical than the extract and the extract revealed certain antioxidant activities in hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing power, and indigo and indirubin could be used as natural antioxidants in the food or medicine industry.
Collapse
|
49
|
Multifunctional alkanolamine as a catalyst for CO 2 and propylene oxide cycloaddition. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Tallapragada P, Dikshit R, Jadhav A, Sarah U. Partial purification and characterization of amylase enzyme under solid state fermentation from Monascus sanguineus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:95-101. [PMID: 30647646 PMCID: PMC6296588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Amylase is an important enzyme having a varied range of industrial applications from food to cosmetics, from pharmaceutical to detergent industry, etc. The present study was carried out considering these important applications of amylase enzyme. Monascus sanguineus also has not been explored for its efficiency to produce amylase enzymes under solid state fermentation. In the present study, various substrates were screened and among them beetroot as a solid substrate has given maximum yield (0.029 U/mL). Enzyme activity was further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and maximum experimental yield of 0.014 U/mL was obtained at optimized conditions of pH 5, incubation temperature of 50 °C and 10 min incubation time. A MATLAB software package was used for the graphical and regression analysis of the experimented data. Enzyme kinetics was calculated with different concentrations of starch and observed Km value was 0.055 mM from linear regression analysis. The enzyme was moderately inhibited (44.7%) by NaCl and KCl (0.105 U/mL) with minimum inhibition (14.8%) observed with SDS. Molecular weight calculation and amylase confirmation in protein sample was done by SDS-PAGE and Zymography. Calculated molecular weight was 56 kDa. Alkaline amylase produced by M. sanguineus has exhibited high efficiency towards removal of stains on cloths in combination with commercial detergent (Surf excel) at 20 °C. It can be concluded that the fungus M. sanguineus is a good source of amylase production under solid state fermentation. Application of amylase produced by M. sanguineus in detergent industry was also carried out and it was proven very effective in stain removal from the fabrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmavathi Tallapragada
- Department of Microbiology, Centre of PG Studies, Jain University, 18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|