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Ning Z, Ma C, Zhong W, Liu C, Niu J, Wang C, Wang Z. Compound mutation by ultraviolet and diethyl sulfate of protease producing thermophilic bacteria to hydrolyze excess sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130330. [PMID: 38224788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Excess sludge (ES), a resource-rich organic waste, can be solubilized by thermophilic enzymes to extract proteins for sludge reduction and resources recovery. To solve the problems of low hydrolysis effect of ES and low enzyme producing ability of wild thermophilic bacteria, ultraviolet and diethyl sulfate (UV-DES) were adopted to mutate thermophilic bacteria in this study. Mutation sites were detected and annotated by whole genome sequencing analysis. The results showed that UV-DES mutagenesis could effectively improve enzyme-producing capacity of thermophilic bacteria and promote the hydrolysis of ES. The protease activity of the mutant strain KT16 was 46.7 % higher than that of the original strain DC8. The protein extraction rate with enzyme produced by KT16 reached 83.3 %. The total content of proteins recycled through KT16 enzyme solution was 3539.6 mg·L-1, 18.4 % higher than that of DC8. This work provided a theoretical idea and technical guidance for the protein recovery from ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ning
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Weizhang Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Chun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Jianrui Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Romero L, Oulego P, Collado S, Díaz M. Advanced thermal hydrolysis for biopolymer production from waste activated sludge: Kinetics and fingerprints. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118243. [PMID: 37276624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) is the main residue of wastewater treatment plants, which can be considered an environmental problem of prime concern due to its increasing generation. In this study, a non-energetic approach was evaluated in order to use WAS as a renewable resource of high value-added products. For this reason, WAS was treated by thermal hydrolysis, H2O2 oxidation and advanced thermal hydrolysis (ATH) promoted by H2O2. The influence of temperature, H2O2 concentration and dosing strategy on biomolecule production (proteins and carbohydrates), size distribution (fingerprints) and various physico-chemical parameters (VSS, total and soluble COD, soluble TOC, pH and colour) was studied. The results revealed a synergistic effect between TH and H2O2 oxidation, which led to a significant increase in the production of both proteins and carbohydrates. In this sense, the concentration of proteins and carbohydrates obtained during TH at 85 °C for120 min was found to be 1376 ± 9 mg/L (121 mg/gVSSo) and 208 ± 4 mg/L (18 mg/gVSSo), respectively. However, in the presence of 4.5 mM H2O2/gVSSo under the same process conditions, the concentrations of proteins and carbohydrates exhibited a significant increase of 1.9-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively. Besides, the addition of H2O2 promoted the transformation of hydrophobic compounds, such as proteins and or lipids, into hydrophilic compounds, which presented low and medium sizes. An increase in temperature improved the solubilization rate and the yield of biomolecules significantly. Besides, the analysis of the kinetics related to the dosing strategy of H2O2 suggested the existence of two fractions during WAS solubilization, one of them being easily oxidizable, whereas the other one was more refractory to oxidation. Thus, the value of kH2O2 for the first addition of 1 mM H2O2/g VSSo was 0.020 L0.4 mgH2O2-0.4 min-1, while it was 4.3 and 8 times lower for the second and third additions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Romero
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio Collado
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
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Yan Y, Zhang M, Gao J, Qin L, Fu X, Wan J. Comparison of methods for detecting protein extracted from excess activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60967-60975. [PMID: 37042919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The protein contents of hydrolyzed sludge supernatant are commonly determined with the Kjeldahl method, but this method suffers from complicated operations, long process times, and large quantities of chemicals consumed. In this paper, the Lowry, bicinchoninic acid (BCA), and Bradford methods were used to test the precision and spiked recovery of proteins from sludge supernatants hydrolyzed by alkaline-thermal hydrolysis (ATH), enzymatic hydrolysis (EH), and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UEH), and the results were compared with those obtained with the Kjeldahl method. For all the hydrolytic processes, the sludge protein values determined with the three tested methods were within 0.05 of each other, which met the experimental requirement for accuracy. Both the Lowry and BCA methods had recovery rates of 95-105%, while the Bradford method showed large deviations and was not highly reliable. The three protein determination methods showed significant differences with the Kjeldahl method (P<0.05). However, the relative deviation between the Kjeldahl and BCA methods was the smallest (3-5%), followed by those between the Kjeldahl and the Lowry (11-21%) and Bradford methods (21-90%), and the causes of the deviations were analyzed based on the protein hydrolysate components and the mechanisms for the different detection methods. On the basis of these results, the BCA method was chosen as the most appropriate quantification method for use with sludge protein extraction, and it was used to analyze the protein contents extracted from residual sludge samples obtained from two sewage treatment plants. The reliability of the method was verified, and this lays a foundation for the extraction and reclamation of sludge proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianlei Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xi Fu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
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4
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Yan Y, Zhang Y, Wan J, Gao J, Liu F. Optimization of protein recovery from sewage sludge via controlled and energy-saving ultrasonic-alkali hydrolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:162004. [PMID: 36739027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The abundant protein in excess sludge can be recovered to prepare high value-added products. However, this sustainable treatment method still has large challenges, such as high energy consumption. In this work, the classical batch operation (BO) and semi-batch operation (SBO) modes were adopted and compared for ultrasonic-alkali hydrolysis. The results showed that the reaction time of SBO significantly decreased to half of that of BO with the same efficiency (ca. 70 %), indicating that SBO was much more energy-efficient. Moreover, analysis of the nitrogen solubility index and trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen index demonstrated that the further proteolysis of protein under SBO was limited. Furthermore, the first-order reaction model fitted the hydrolysis data well (R2 ≥ 0.91) for both modes, in which the rate constant of SBO (k = 0.44 min-1) was 2.3 times that of BO. Finally, the properties of both products met the standards of foaming extinguishers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jianlei Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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Duarte DS, Luzardo FHM, Velasco FG, de Almeida ON, Bedon GDRZ, Nascimento GG, Andrade TBV, Salay LC. Adsorption of BSA Protein in Aqueous Medium Using Vegetable Tannin Resin from Acacia mearnsii (Mimosa) and Modified Lignocellulosic Fibers from the Bark of Eucalyptus citriodora. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2023; 31:1-15. [PMID: 37361350 PMCID: PMC10019408 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-023-02790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are abundant biomolecules found in human cells, as well as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Some of them become pollutants when released into water. Adsorption is an advantageous method for separating proteins in aqueous media since proteins are already immobilized on solid surfaces. Adsorbents with surfaces rich in tannins are efficient due to their affinity for strong interactions with the various amino acids that make up proteins. This work aimed to develop an adsorbent for protein adsorption in aqueous medium using lignocellulosic materials modified from eucalyptus bark and vegetable tannins. A more efficient resin was prepared containing 10% eucalyptus bark fibers and 90% tannin mimosa by condensation with formaldehyde, and it was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and determinations of degree of swelling, bulk and bulk density and specific mass. For UV-Vis spectroscopy the percentage of condensed and hydrolysable tannins in the extracts of fibers of the dry husks of Eucalyptus Citriodora was estimated and it was also determined your soluble solids. The study of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption was carried out in batch with quantification by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The most efficient prepared resin obtained 71.6 ± 2.78% removal in a solution of 260 mg L-1 of BSA working in a better pH range of the aqueous solution of BSA in its isoelectric point, ~ 5, 32 ± 0.02, under these conditions, the synthesized resin can reach a maximum BSA adsorption capacity of ~ 26.7 ± 0.29 mg g-1 in 7 min. The new synthesized resin presents good prospects for adsorption of proteins or species that in their structure have higher percentages of amino functional groups or amino acids with aliphatic, acidic and/or basic hydrophilic characteristics. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalvani S. Duarte
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Francisco H. M. Luzardo
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Fermin G. Velasco
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Ohana N. de Almeida
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Guisela D. R. Z. Bedon
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Glauber G. Nascimento
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Thais B. V. Andrade
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Salay
- Department of Exact e Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz – UESC, Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
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Yan Y, Liu F, Gao J, Wan J, Ding J, Li T. Enhancing enzyme activity via low-intensity ultrasound for protein extraction from excess sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134936. [PMID: 35569633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rich protein within excess sludge could be recovered to prepare high value-added products such as liquid fertilizer and foaming agents. Low-intensity ultrasonication was adopted to help extract sludge protein by improving enzyme activity. Alkaline protease was added to the sludge for ultrasonic irradiation, and the maximum enzyme activity at 3500 kJ/kg TS was approximately 21% higher than that without ultrasonication. The protein extraction effect, specific resistance of sludge (SRS) and economics of low-intensity ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (LUEH) were compared with those of single enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and HUEH under optimal conditions. The protein extraction rates of HUEH and LUEH were both higher than that of EH. Although the protein extraction rate of LUEH was 13.6% lower than that of HUEH, the amino acid content was similar because the low-intensity ultrasonic radiation promoted the enzyme activity and thereby enhanced the protein hydrolysis capacity. After hydrolysis, the SRS of LUEH was lower than that of HUEH, indicating that LUEH possessed a better dewatering performance, which was beneficial to the subsequent separation of the protein solution. The amount consumed by LUEH was approximately 20% lower than that consumed by HUEH and 17.3% lower than that consumed by EH. In addition, the enzyme dosage was reduced by approximately 38.5% with LUEH. Therefore, the total cost of LUEH was less than that of EH and HUEH, indicating that LUEH is more economically feasible for the extraction of protein from excess sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianlei Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Ding
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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7
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Yang B, Qin Y, He X, Li H, Ma J. The removal of ammonia nitrogen via heterotrophic assimilation by a novel Paracoccus sp. FDN-02 under anoxic condition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152236. [PMID: 34896137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel strain FDN-02 was isolated from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor. FDN-02 was identified as Paracoccus sp., and the Genbank Sequence_ID was MW652628. Comparing with the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by bacterium FDN-02 under different growth conditions, the optimal initial pH, carbon source, and C/N ratio were 7.0, sucrose, and 16, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency and rate of NH4+-N were respectively 96.2% and 10.06 mg-N/L/h within 8 h under anoxic condition when the concentration of NH4+-N was 44.87 mg/L. Specifically, 71.9% of NH4+-N was utilized by strain FDN-02 through heterotrophic assimilation to synthetize organic nitrogen, and approximately 24.1% of NH4+-N was lost in the form of gaseous nitrogen without the emission of nitrous oxide. Bacterium FDN-02 was also found to be a denitrifying organism, and nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen of lower concentrations were removed by denitrification after the enlargement of biomass. Further investigation showed that the biomass after the removal of NH4+-N by strain FDN-02 had resource utilization potential, and the contents of proteins and amino acids were 635 and 192.97 mg/g, respectively, especially for the usage as an alternative nutrient source for livestock and organic fertilizers. This study provided a promising environmentally friendly biological treatment method for the removal of NH4+-N in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuyang Qin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianglong He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongjing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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8
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Yang S, Liu H, Liao X, Kong X, Xu Z. Extraction and profiling of proteins in yellow powder from sweet potato starch wastewater using response surface methodology and proteomic approach. J Food Sci 2021; 87:339-352. [PMID: 34954823 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato starch industry produce generous high soluble solid wastewater containing various biochemicals such as proteins. The wastewater could be spray dried into a product called yellow powder (YP). Proteins in the YP were recovered and profiled in this study. The extraction conditions were optimized on dependent variables of YP material-water ratio, pH, and temperature using response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum protein yield (61.2%) using RSM were observed at a material-water ratio of 50 (mg/L), pH 9.5, and extraction temperature of 30℃. Subsequently, a total of 25 proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, which mainly were sporamins, β-amylase, starch phosphorylase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase. The extraction and profiling of proteins from YP would contribute to a comprehensive utilization and added value of the wastewater produced by sweet potato starch processing industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study reported the recovery (61.2%) of proteins and protein profile of yellow powder (byproducts) from sweet potato starch wastewater. These information could contribute to the valorization a yellow powder into high-value ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shini Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Javourez U, O'Donohue M, Hamelin L. Waste-to-nutrition: a review of current and emerging conversion pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107857. [PMID: 34699952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Residual biomass is acknowledged as a key sustainable feedstock for the transition towards circular and low fossil carbon economies to supply whether energy, chemical, material and food products or services. The latter is receiving increasing attention, in particular in the perspective of decoupling nutrition from arable land demand. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical possibilities to convert residual biomasses into edible ingredients, we reviewed over 950 scientific and industrial records documenting existing and emerging waste-to-nutrition pathways, involving over 150 different feedstocks here grouped under 10 umbrella categories: (i) wood-related residual biomass, (ii) primary crop residues, (iii) manure, (iv) food waste, (v) sludge and wastewater, (vi) green residual biomass, (vii) slaughterhouse by-products, (viii) agrifood co-products, (ix) C1 gases and (x) others. The review includes a detailed description of these pathways, as well as the processes they involve. As a result, we proposed four generic building blocks to systematize waste-to-nutrition conversion sequence patterns, namely enhancement, cracking, extraction and bioconversion. We further introduce a multidimensional representation of the biomasses suitability as potential as nutritional sources according to (i) their content in anti-nutritional compounds, (ii) their degree of structural complexity and (iii) their concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Finally, we suggest that the different pathways can be grouped into eight large families of approaches: (i) insect biorefinery, (ii) green biorefinery, (iii) lignocellulosic biorefinery, (iv) non-soluble protein recovery, (v) gas-intermediate biorefinery, (vi) liquid substrate alternative, (vii) solid-substrate fermentation and (viii) more-out-of-slaughterhouse by-products. The proposed framework aims to support future research in waste recovery and valorization within food systems, along with stimulating reflections on the improvement of resources' cascading use.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Javourez
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - M O'Donohue
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - L Hamelin
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Wang H, Liu W, Haider MR, Ju F, Yu Z, Shi Y, Cai W, Wang A. Waste activated sludge lysate treatment: Resource recovery and refractory organics degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126206. [PMID: 34492968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge lysate is an unavoidable and refractory liquid produced from the waste activated sludge hydrothermal pyrolysis, which contains plenty of hazardous refractory organic compounds and value-added organic resources. Here, the proof of concept for an integrated strategy that couples technically compatible pretreatment to microbial electrolysis assisted AD (ME-AD) system is investigated for sludge lysate treatment and resource recovery. The pretreatment process shows a positive effectiveness on the ME-AD by reducing the organic load and inhibitory matters, which promote the residual refractory organic compounds (Maillard reaction products and humic acid-like substances) and carbon sources further biodegradation and bio-transformation. Combining membrane separation with ME-AD increased not only both the yield and purity of methane to 268.76 mL CH4/g COD and 98%, respectively, but also the recovery of 70.0~82.4% crude proteins (9.1 ± 0.5 g/L) from sludge lysate. Alternatively, the alkaline precipitation combined with ME-AD enhanced the recovery efficiency of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The visible decreasing in the unpleasant color of the effluents was observed, implying that the degradation of harmful refractory organic was almost eliminated in sludge lysate. This strategy is worthy to be developed in WWTP for sludge lysate treatment with considerable bio-resources recovery and refractory organics removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Haider
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingjun Shi
- United Envirotech (Tianjin) Ltd., Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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11
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Gu H, Lin W, Sun S, Wu C, Yang F, Ziwei Y, Chen N, Ren J, Zheng S. Calcium oxide modification of activated sludge as a low-cost adsorbent: Preparation and application in Cd(II) removal. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111760. [PMID: 33360285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple to produce, low-cost and environment-friendly sludge based adsorbent, prepared from municipal dewatered sludge and modified by calcium oxide (CaO), is described. The enhancement effect of CaO modification on the adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of sludge based adsorbents (CaO-SA), and the modification mechanism of CaO on activated sludge are discussed. Also, the Cd(II) adsorption conditions are optimized using surface optimization experiment. The results indicated that CaO had a good effect on improving the adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of the sludge-based adsorbent. The CaO-SA adsorbent showed best performance with respect to the mechanical strength and Cd(II) adsorption capacity when prepared under 5% CaO dosage and 60 °C drying temperature. CaO modification can increase the specific surface area and calcium ion content of the sludge-based adsorbent and remove the proton of the carboxylic acid in the sludge. The Box-Behnken experimental design results revealed that the importance of operating conditions for CaO-SA adsorption of Cd(II) can be arranged in the order of adsorption time > dosage> pH> temperature. The results also indicated that the interactions between adsorption time and CaO-SA dosage, adsorption time and pH, adsorption time and temperature are all important factors affecting the Cd(II) adsorption. The optimal conditions (adsorption time of 90 min, CaO-SA dosage of 1 g/L, pH of 5 and adsorption temperature of 40 °C) for CaO-SA to adsorb Cd(II) were obtained by surface optimization, at which the Cd(II) adsorption rate could reach a value of 99.74%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weixiong Lin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China.
| | - Chun Wu
- Guangdong Yuanquan Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528225, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Ye Ziwei
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Nanwei Chen
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Shilin Zheng
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
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12
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Yadav B, Chavan S, Atmakuri A, Tyagi RD, Drogui P. A review on recovery of proteins from industrial wastewaters with special emphasis on PHA production process: Sustainable circular bioeconomy process development. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124006. [PMID: 32889176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The economy of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production process could be supported by utilising the different by-products released simultaneously during its production. Among these, proteins are present in high concentrations in liquid stream which are released after the cell disruption along with PHA granules. These microbial proteins can be used as animal feed, adhesive material and in manufacturing of bioplastics. The recycling of the protein containing liquid stream also serves as a promising approach to maintain circular bioeconomy in the route. For this aim, it is important to obtain good yield and limit the drawbacks of protein recovery processes and associated costs. The review focuses on recycling of the liquid stream generated during acid/thermal-alkali treatment for PHA production that would close the gap in linear economy and attain circularity in the process. Examples to recover proteins from other industrial waste streams along with their applications have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Yadav
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Shraddha Chavan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Anusha Atmakuri
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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13
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Zhang T, He X, Deng Y, Tsang DCW, Yuan H, Shen J, Zhang S. Swine manure valorization for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery by catalytic-thermal hydrolysis and struvite crystallization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138999. [PMID: 32498172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) recovery from swine manure has attracted considerable interest for biomass valorization. In this study, a catalytic-thermal hydrolysis (TH) process combined with struvite crystallization was investigated to promote P and N conversion from swine manure. Its potential as a phosphate-based fertilizer was investigated. Two periods for P solubilization and transformation were observed, i.e., an initial increase with reaction time followed by a decrease as treatment continued. Nitrogen conversion efficiency increased with increasing temperature and time. Treatment of swine manure by catalytic-TH with HCl + H2O2 showed the best performance for P and N solubilization and transformation. With a Mg2+/PO43- molar ratio of 2.49 and a pH of 9.11, the struvite crystallization efficiency from the supernatant after catalytic-TH with HCl + H2O2 reached 99.2%. Hydroculture bioassay showed that struvite had a positive effect on the early growth of wheat. The P concentrations in both root and shoot tissues for struvite treatment were more than two times higher than that of soluble P. These encouraging results warrant further studies on the conversion of biowaste given that recycling nutrients sources may outperform traditional synthetic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Xinyue He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science of Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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14
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Gao J, Weng W, Yan Y, Wang Y, Wang Q. Comparison of protein extraction methods from excess activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126107. [PMID: 32062556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used chemical methods (acid-thermal (AT) and alkaline-thermal (AKT)), enzymatic methods (single enzyme (SE) and composite enzyme (CE)) and assisted enzymatic methods (ultrasonic assisted enzyme (USE) and thermal assisted enzyme (TE)) to extract proteins from excess activated sludge. The advantages and applicability of each method were compared and analyzed in terms of their protein extraction rate (RP), energy consumption, material consumption and cost, protein hydrolysates and sludge dewatering performance. The results showed that the RP of the chemical methods were more than 75%, which were much higher than those of the enzymatic methods. Moreover, the RP of SE was significantly strengthened by physical means (ultrasonic or thermal), and the average RP was increased by more than 39% compared with that of enzymatic methods. The energy consumption analysis showed that chemical methods consumed significantly more energy than the enzymatic methods. Further analysis of enzymatic methods and assisted enzymatic methods revealed that although the energy consumption of USE was similar to that of SE, its enzyme consumption and cost were lower. In addition, the proteins extracted by USE had a high content of amino acids, which was suitable for the preparation of animal feed. The proteins extracted by AKT had a high content of polypeptides, which was beneficial to the preparation of a protein foaming agent. Furthermore, the sludge dewatering performance after hydrolyzation by the six hydrolysis methods was significantly improved, which was beneficial to the separation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Gao
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Weng
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yixin Yan
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qikun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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15
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Towards the Implementation of Circular Economy in the Wastewater Sector: Challenges and Opportunities. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of science has facilitated increase in the human lifespan, reflected in economic and population growth, which unfortunately leads to increased exploitation of resources. This situation entails not only depletion of resources, but also increases environmental pollution, mainly due to atmospheric emissions, wastewater effluents, and solid wastes. In this scenario, it is compulsory to adopt a paradigm change, as far as the consumption of resources by the population is concerned, to achieve a circular economy. The recovery and reuse of resources are key points, leading to a decrease in the consumption of raw materials, waste reduction, and improvement of energy efficiency. This is the reason why the concept of the circular economy can be applied in any industrial activity, including the wastewater treatment sector. With this in view, this review manuscript focuses on demonstrating the challenges and opportunities in applying a circular economy in the water sector. For example, reclamation and reuse of wastewater to increase water resources, by paying particular attention to the risks for human health, recovery of nutrients, or highly added-value products (e.g., metals and biomolecules among others), valorisation of sewage sludge, and/or recovery of energy. Being aware of this situation, in the European, Union 18 out of 27 countries are already reusing reclaimed wastewater at some level. Moreover, many wastewater treatment plants have reached energy self-sufficiency, producing up to 150% of their energy requirements. Unfortunately, many of the opportunities presented in this work are far from becoming a reality. Still, the first step is always to become aware of the problem and work on optimizing the solution to make it possible.
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16
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Ealias AM, Saravanakumar MP. Application of protein-functionalised aluminium nanosheets synthesised from sewage sludge for dye removal in a fixed-bed column: Investigation on design parameters and kinetic models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2955-2976. [PMID: 31836990 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein-functionalised aluminium nanosheets (PRS-AlNs) were packed in a continuous fixed-bed column to remove crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes. A group of characterisation techniques, like SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, BET, DSC and Raman spectroscopy, was performed for PRS-AlNs. The influence of several factors like bed depth (1, 2 and 3 cm), inlet dye concentration (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) and inlet flow rate (1.17, 2.26 and 3.34 mL/min) on the characteristics of the breakthrough profile of the adsorption process was examined at optimum pH 9.8 and 3.5 for CV and CR, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved as 38.70 and 57.86 mg/g for CV and CR at 1 cm bed depth, 150 mg/L inlet concentration of the dye and 3.34 mL/min inlet rate of flow. The experimental data were analysed using kinetic models like the Yoon-Nelson, Adams-Bohart and Thomas models. Also, a detailed mechanism behind the CV and CR adsorption using PRS-AlNs was proposed in this research work. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Mary Ealias
- Department of Environmental & Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Manickam Puratchiveeran Saravanakumar
- Department of Environmental & Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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17
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Wei L, Li J, Xue M, Wang S, Li Q, Qin K, Jiang J, Ding J, Zhao Q. Adsorption behaviors of Cu 2+, Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ onto proteins, humic acid, and polysaccharides extracted from sludge EPS: Sorption properties and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121868. [PMID: 31357045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the adsorption behaviors of typical heavy metals onto sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the adsorption capacities and mechanisms, as well as the contributions of the different EPS components (proteins, humic acids and polysaccharides), to the adsorption of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ were separately explored. Overall, proteins exhibited a relatively high adsorption capacity for the three metals ions, followed by humic acid, whereas least for polysaccharides. The adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+ onto proteins, humic acid and polysaccharides fit well to the Freundlich isotherm, whereas Langmuir model was the best fit for Zn2+ bindings onto polysaccharides/humic acid. The binding of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ onto the three EPS components was exothermically favorable, and significant electrostatic interactions were observed for the heavy metals sorption onto humic acid and proteins. In addition, the effect of metal ions sorption on the spectrum of the proteins, polysaccharides and humic acid was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Mao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kena Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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18
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Ge D, Yuan H, Xiao J, Zhu N. Insight into the enhanced sludge dewaterability by tannic acid conditioning and pH regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:298-306. [PMID: 31085410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a phenolic compound, may be considered as a sludge conditioning agent on account of its ability to precipitate protein. In this study, the effectiveness of TA conditioning on enhancing waste activated sludge (WAS) dewatering was investigated at various pH values. The results indicated that with the conditioning of 0.15 mmol TA per gram of total solid (TS), the WAS dewaterability was affected distinctly by the pH regulation. The reductions of 86.8% capillary suction time (CST), 96.3% specific resistance of filtration (SRF), and 23.6% water content (Wc) of dewatered sludge cake were achieved at an optimal pH value of 4.0. Meanwhile, obvious alterations were observed in some aspects like supernatant viscosity, zeta potential, particle size and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) polymers. Correlation analysis indicated that the proteins in slime EPS and loosely bound EPS dominantly governed sludge dewaterability. Fluorescence quenching analysis indicated that in the range of acidity, the increase of pH value afforded more binding sites of sludge EPS for TA. However, the removal of EPS protein depended on the combined effect of TA conditioning and pH regulation. The findings provided a novel approach and explanation of WAS dewaterability enhancement using organic additive conditioning and pH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ge
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiamu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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19
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Xiao S, Ju LK. Phagotrophic microalgae production from waste activated sludge under non-sterile conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:190-197. [PMID: 30142517 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study waste activated sludge (WAS) was sonicated to release bacteria-sized volatile solids (VS) from flocs, after initial pH adjustment to 10 for higher energy efficiency. The released VS supported growth of phagotrophic alga Ochromonas danica. Initial-rate growth experiments confirmed the Monod-type kinetics but the specific cell growth rate, μ, correlated with the prey-to-predator ratio, i.e., the ratio of (fed VS concentration)-to-(initial O. danica concentration), significantly better than with the VS alone, as the typical Monod dependency on soluble substrates. The best-fit kinetics had the following parameters: μmax = 0.198 h-1 and KM = 1.056 (g-VS/g-algae). Post-sonication reflocculation could render particles too large to ingest by O. danica; therefore, pH and VS effects on reflocculation were investigated. Batch cultivations were then conducted in fermentors at pH 5, under nonsterile conditions. Algae number reached 8.86 × 1010 L-1 after 20 h, corresponding to ∼2.3 g/L dry-weight and volumetric algae productivity of 2.8 g/L-day. VS reduction was 38%, giving an O. danica VS yield of 44.5%. The ultrasonication-algae process can be used to produce algae while achieving at least partial WAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Lu-Kwang Ju
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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20
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Value-Added Products Derived from Waste Activated Sludge: A Biorefinery Perspective. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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García M, Urrea JL, Collado S, Oulego P, Díaz M. Protein recovery from solubilized sludge by hydrothermal treatments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 67:278-287. [PMID: 28601580 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New alternatives for sludge management have been developed in recent years, with hydrothermal treatments being one of the most attractive ones. Even though many studies have been made on the application of hydrothermal treatments as pre-treatment or end-line technologies for sludge stabilisation and/or minimization, there is a lack of knowledge about the products generated during the process and its characteristics. This information is a crucial step for the assessment of the recovery of valuable products of the sludge, mainly proteins, humic acids and carbohydrates, which can considerably improve the economic balance of the hydrothermal treatment. This work assesses, for the first time, the potential of hydrothermally hydrolysed sludge as renewable source for proteins recovery. For this purpose, firstly, the concentrations and properties of the main soluble biopolymers generated during the hydrothermal treatment, either in presence (wet oxidation, WO) or absence (thermal hydrolysis, TH) of oxygen, were measured, determining the reaction time necessary for a maximum solubilisation. Peak concentrations of 7.7g/l (0.291g/gVSSo) of proteins for WO and 7.2g/l (0.272g/gVSSo) for TH, were achieved at 87min of experiment. Afterwards, different separation methods, usually applied at industrial scale, were assessed for the separation of protein from the hydrolysed sludge, in terms of protein recovery and selectivity. Ammonium sulphate addition was found to be the best separation method, achieving 87% and 86% of protein recovery for TH and WO samples respectively, and the highest selectivity. Although further studies are required in order to achieve complete protein purification, a new perspective in sludge management is now open, by recovering valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel García
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José L Urrea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio Collado
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería, s/n. E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
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22
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Wu B, Ni BJ, Horvat K, Song L, Chai X, Dai X, Mahajan D. Occurrence State and Molecular Structure Analysis of Extracellular Proteins with Implications on the Dewaterability of Waste-Activated Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9235-9243. [PMID: 28741346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence state and molecular structure of extracellular proteins were analyzed to reveal the influencing factors on the water-holding capacities of protein-like substances in waste-activated sludge (WAS). The gelation process of extracellular proteins verified that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for WAS dewaterability improvement eliminated the water affinity of extracellular proteins and prevented these macromolecules from forming stable colloidal aggregates. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics identified that most of the extracellular proteins were originally derived from the intracellular part and the proteins originally located in the extracellular part were mainly membrane-associated. The main mechanism of extracellular protein transformation during AOPs could be represented by the damage of the membrane or related external encapsulating structure and the release of intracellular substances. For the selected representative extracellular proteins, the strong correlation (R2 > 0.97, p < 0.03) between the surface hydrophilicity index and α-helix percentages in the secondary structure indicated that the water affinity relied more on the spatial distribution of hydrophilic functional groups rather than the content. Destructing the secondary structure represented by the α-helix and stretching the polypeptide aggregation in the water phase through disulfide bond removal might be the key to eliminating the inhibitory effects of extracellular proteins on the interstitial water removal from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kristine Horvat
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Liyan Song
- Environmental Microbiology and Ecology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) , 266 Fangzheng Avenue, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Devinder Mahajan
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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23
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Suárez-Iglesias O, Urrea JL, Oulego P, Collado S, Díaz M. Valuable compounds from sewage sludge by thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation. A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:921-934. [PMID: 28187943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is considered a costly waste, whose benefit has received a lot of attention for decades. In this sense, a variety of promising technologies, such as thermal hydrolysis and wet oxidation, are currently employed. Thermal hydrolysis is used as a pretreatment step ahead of anaerobic digestion processes and wet oxidation is intended for the solubilization and partial oxidation of the sludge. Such processes could be utilized for solubilizing polysaccharides, lipids, fragments of them and phosphorus (thermal hydrolysis) or for generating carboxylic acids (wet oxidation). This article compiles the available information on the production of valuable chemicals by these techniques and comments on their main features. Temperature, reaction duration times and sludge characteristics influence the experimental results significantly, but only the first two variables have been thoroughly studied. For thermal hydrolysis, a rise of temperature led to an increase in the solubilized biomolecules, but also to a greater decomposition of proteins and undesirable reactions of carbohydrates with themselves or with proteins. At constant temperature, the amounts of substances that can be recovered tend to become time independent after several minutes. Diluted and activated sludges seem to be more readily hydrolyzable than the thickened and primary ones. For wet oxidation, the dependence of the production of carboxylic acids with temperature and time is not simple: their concentration can increase, decrease or go through a maximum. At high temperatures, acetic acid is the main carboxylic acid obtained. Concentrated, fermented and secondary sludge seem to be more suitable for yielding higher amounts of acid than diluted, undigested and primary ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Suárez-Iglesias
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Urrea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio Collado
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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Yin B, Liu H, Wang Y, Bai J, Liu H, Fu B. Improving volatile fatty acids production by exploiting the residual substrates in post-fermented sludge: Protease catalysis of refractory protein. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:124-131. [PMID: 26722812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The real cause to the low yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), from inhibition or low biodegradation, is uncertain in sludge anaerobic fermentation. In this study, poor biodegradability of proteins and fast decrease of the indigenous hydrolase activity in the residual post-fermented sludge were found to be the major reasons. With the addition of trypsin or alkaline protease in residual post-fermented sludge after primary alkaline fermentation, degradation efficiency of refractory protein increased by 33.6% and 34.8%, respectively. Accordingly, the VFAs yields were improved by 69.7% and 106.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of added trypsin and alkaline protease could maintain at 13.52 U/mL and 19.11 U/mL in the alkaline fermentation process. This study demonstrated that exploiting the refractory proteins in residual post-fermented sludge by protease addition seems to be a very promising way for improving VFAs yield of conventional alkaline fermentations with waste activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, 215011 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, 215011 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, 215011 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Huang J, Yang ZH, Zeng GM, Wang HL, Yan JW, Xu HY, Gou CL. A novel approach for improving the drying behavior of sludge by the appropriate foaming pretreatment. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:667-669. [PMID: 25462771 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Foaming pretreatment has long been recognized to promote drying materials with sticky and viscous behaviors. A novel approach, CaO addition followed by appropriate mechanical whipping, was employed for the foaming of dewatered sludge at a moisture content of 80-85%. In the convective drying, the foamed sludge at 0.70 g/mL had the best drying performance at any given temperature, which saved 35-41% drying time for reaching 20% moisture content compared with the non-foamed sludge. Considering the maximum foaming efficiency, the optimal CaO addition was found at 2.0 wt%. For a better understanding of the foaming mechanisms, the foamability of sludge processed with other pretreatment methods, including NaOH addition (0-3.0 wt%) and heating application (60-120 °C), were investigated while continuously whipping. Their recovered supernatant phases were characterized by pH, surface tension, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), protein concentration, polysaccharide concentration and spectra of excitation-emission matrices (EEM). These comparative studies indicated that the sludge foaming was mainly derived from the decreased surface tension by the surfactants and the promoted foam persistence by the protein derived compounds. Further, a comprehensive analysis of the sludge drying characteristics was performed including the surface moisture evaporation, the effective moisture diffusivity and the micromorphology of dried sludge. The results indicated that the drying advantages of foamed sludge were mainly attributed to the larger evaporation surface in a limited drying area and the more active moisture capillary movement through the liquid films, which resulted in longer constant evaporation rate periods and better effective moisture diffusivity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Su W, Tang B, Fu F, Huang S, Zhao S, Bin L, Ding J, Chen C. A new insight into resource recovery of excess sewage sludge: feasibility of extracting mixed amino acids as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for industrial pickling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:38-45. [PMID: 25036999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The work mainly presented a laboratory-scale investigation on an effective process to extract a value-added product from municipal excess sludge. The functional groups in the hydrolysate were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and the contained amino acids were measured by means of an automatic amino acid analyzer. The corrosion-inhibition characteristics of the hydrolysate were determined with weight-loss measurement, electrochemical polarization and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that the hydrolysate contained 15 kinds of amino acid, and their adsorption on the surface could effectively inhibit the corrosion reaction of the steel from the acid medium. Polarization curves indicated that the obtained hydrolysate was a mixed-type inhibitor, but mainly restricted metal dissolution on the anode. The adsorption accorded well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, involved an increase in entropy, and was a spontaneous, exothermic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaosong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liying Bin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiewei Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuiqun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
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Sun J, Zhang X, Miao X, Zhou J. Preparation and characteristics of bioflocculants from excess biological sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:362-366. [PMID: 23127842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study the feasibility of preparing bioflocculant from excess biological sludge was investigated. Hydrochloric acid was used to disintegrate sludge to prepare bioflocculant. The effects of acid dosage and flocculating conditions were studied. The optimized disintegration conditions was that acid dosage was 10 mL for 50 mL sludge suspension. Factors such as bioflocculant dosage, pH and temperature of the flocculant system were also tested. The optimal conditions were flocculant concentration 3.0% (v/v) and pH10.5 of flocculating suspension. Under these conditions, 99.5% of flocculating rate for 4 g/L kaolin clay was achieved. Ethanol and sodium hydroxide were applied to purify the crude sludge bioflocculant together or separately. Results showed that sodium hydroxide could separate the bioflocculant from aqueous solution more effectively than ethanol. Analysis of the purified bioflocculant by Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and chemical methods indicated that the main component was polysaccharide. Performance test showed that the sludge bioflocculant had moderate thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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