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Pandey S, Kannaujiya VK. Bacterial extracellular biopolymers: Eco-diversification, biosynthesis, technological development and commercial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135261. [PMID: 39244116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been widely thriving as mega industries at a commercial scale in various commercial sectors over the last few decades. The extensive use of synthetic polymers has caused several negative repercussions on the health of humans and the environment. Recently, biopolymers have gained more attention among scientists of different disciplines by their potential therapeutic and commercial applications. Biopolymers are chain-like repeating units of molecules isolated from green sources. They are self-degradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic in nature. Recently, eco-friendly biopolymers such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) have received much attention for their wide applications in the fields of emulsification, flocculation, preservatives, wastewater treatment, nanomaterial functionalization, drug delivery, cosmetics, glycomics, medicinal chemistry, and purification technology. The dynamicity of applications has raised the industrial and consumer demands to cater to the needs of mankind. This review deals with current insights and highlights on database surveys, potential sources, classification, extremophilic EPSs, bioprospecting, patents, microenvironment stability, biosynthesis, and genetic advances for production of high valued ecofriendly polymers. The importance of high valued EPSs in commercial and industrial applications in the global market economy is also summarized. This review concludes with future perspectives and commercial applications for the well-being of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumi Pandey
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Ghosh A, Sah D, Chakraborty M, Rai JPN. Mechanism and application of bacterial exopolysaccharides: An advanced approach for sustainable heavy metal abolition from soil. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109247. [PMID: 39180879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of heavy metal pollutants in soils and effluents, driven by industrialization and human activities, poses significant environmental and health risks. Conventional remediation methods are often costly and ineffective, prompting a shift towards sustainable alternatives such as biological treatments. Natural biosorbents, including microbial cells and their byproducts, have emerged as promising solutions. One such approach involves leveraging exopolysaccharides (EPS), complex high-molecular-weight biopolymers synthesized by microbes under environmental stress conditions. EPS are intricate organic macromolecules comprising proteins, polysaccharides, uronic acids, humic compounds, and lipids, either located within microbial cells or secreted into their surroundings. Their anionic functional groups enable efficient electrostatic binding of cationic heavy metals, making EPS effective biosorbents for soil remediation. This review thoroughly explores the pivotal role of bacterial EPS in the removal of heavy metals, focusing on EPS biosynthesis mechanisms, the dynamics of interaction with heavy metals, and case studies that illustrate their effectiveness in practical remediation strategies. By highlighting these aspects, the review underscores the innovation and practical implications of EPS-based bioremediation technologies, demonstrating their potential to address critical environmental challenges effectively while paving the way for sustainable environmental management practices. Key findings reveal that EPS exhibit robust metal-binding capacities, facilitated by their anionic functional groups, thereby offering a promising solution for mitigating metal pollution in diverse environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Diksha Sah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Moumita Chakraborty
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - J P N Rai
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
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3
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Sharma A, Maurya N, Sundaram S. Investigation of the toxicity of Cr (VI) against cyanobacteria and the mechanism of tolerance of the cyanobacterial consortia: a quantum mechanical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:50478-50492. [PMID: 39096455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a heavy metal that is distributed globally and poses a significant threat to the environment through various mechanisms. It can react with soil and water, leading to severe environmental damage. In this study, the toxicity of Cr (VI) was investigated by analyzing two major cyanobacteria species, Nostoc commune and Anabaena variabilis, commonly found in soil along with their consortia. The findings revealed that the toxicity mechanisms of Cr (VI) differed in individual monocultures, with Cr (VI) competing with various components. However, when the cyanobacteria species were combined, i.e., in consortia, they demonstrated an impressive retention of their functioning even in Cr (VI) concentration at 10 ppm. The study also concluded that non-photochemical quenching played a critical role in minimizing Cr (VI) toxicity. Furthermore, the research examined the role of the S-cycle in the process. The quantum yield of electron flux revealed that the Cr (VI) was competing with Qa in A. variabilis and with Qb in N. commune, albeit the photosystem dysfunction is only visible in the latter. The mechanism seemed to be quantum tunneling alteration because of the Cr (VI) having different energized quantum wells. The consortia proved to be behaving in a better manner as compared to the control. Overall, this study reveals the mode of toxicity of Cr (VI) in these two important cyanobacterial strains as well as it also discusses the mechanism of tolerance of consortia against Cr (VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Sharma
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Neetu Maurya
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India.
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4
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Loganathan P, Sun W, He Z. Optimization and Production of Exopolysaccharides (EPS) and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Under Chromium by Halophilic Bacteria Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1727-1737. [PMID: 37442921 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed the levels of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the impacts of halophilic bacteria Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 under Cr (VI). The effects of W4 were tested for its ability to remove Cr (VI) at several concentrations, the removal rate was reached after 48 h at 58.4%, 53.3%, 49.2%, and 43.1%). After 12-48 h, the maximum removal rate of 29-58% was found at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L (Cr (VI)). The Box-Behnken design based on response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the EPS, including pH, sucrose concentration, and incubation period. The highest EPS yield (314.5 mg/L) was obtained under 96 h at pH 7.0, with 5% sucrose concentration. The strain Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was tested for its ability to create EPS at various concentrations of Cr (VI). After 96 h, it generated the maximum amount of EPS (216.3 mg/L) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. By using FT-IR spectrum measurements, it was confirmed that hexavalent chromium and EPS had surface chemical interactions. At various Cr (VI) concentrations, the isolate W4 was tested for its ability to secrete Indole-3 acetic acid. IAA secretion (control) without Cr (VI) achieved a maximum of 1.45 mg/ml at 120 h. At 200 mg/L Cr (VI) concentration, 1.65 mg/ml of IAA was also produced after 48 h. According to the findings, Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was a promising isolate in a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praburaman Loganathan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Department of Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600078, India
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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5
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Aké AHJ, Rochdi N, Jemo M, Hafidi M, Ouhdouch Y, El Fels L. Cr(VI) removal performance from wastewater by microflora isolated from tannery effluents in a semi-arid environment: a SEM, EDX, FTIR and zeta potential study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1423741. [PMID: 39011144 PMCID: PMC11246972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium removal from the environment remains a crucial worldwide challenge. To address this issue, microbiological approaches are amongst the straightforward strategies that rely mainly on the bacteria's and fungi's survival mechanisms upon exposure to toxic metals, such as reduction, efflux system, uptake, and biosorption. In this work, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements were used to investigate the ability of chromium adsorption by Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Byssochlamys sp., and Candida maltosa strains isolated from tannery wastewater. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed alterations in the cells treated with hexavalent chromium. When exposed to 50 mg/L Cr6+, Bacillus licheniformis and Candida maltosa cells become rough, extracellular secretions are reduced in Bacillus megaterium, and Byssochlamys sp. cells are tightly bound and exhibit the greatest Cr weight percentage. In-depth analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra of control and Cr-treated cells unveiled Cr-microbial interactions involving proteins, lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. These findings were supported by zeta potential measurements highlighting significant variations in charge after treatment with Cr(VI) with an adsorption limit of 100 mg/L Cr6+ for all the strains. Byssochlamys sp. showed the best performance in Cr adsorption, making it the most promising candidate for treating Cr-laden wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aké Henri Joël Aké
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Universiry Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Nabil Rochdi
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials, Energy and Sustainable Development (IMED-Lab), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Martin Jemo
- AgroBiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Universiry Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Universiry Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
- AgroBiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Universiry Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh, Morocco
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6
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Debnath S, Muthuraj M, Bandyopadhyay TK, Bobby MN, Vanitha K, Tiwari ON, Bhunia B. Engineering strategies and applications of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides: A review on past achievements and recent perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121686. [PMID: 38220318 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ideally suited for developing sustainable biological products but are underdeveloped due to a lack of genetic tools. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is one of the essential bioproducts with widespread industrial applications. Despite their unique structural characteristics associated with distinct biological and physicochemical aspects, EPS from cyanobacteria has been underexplored. However, it is expected to accelerate in the near future due to the utilization of low-cost cyanobacterial platforms and readily available information on the structural data and specific features of these biopolymers. In recent years, cyanobacterial EPSs have attracted growing scientific attention due to their simple renewability, rheological characteristics, massive production, and potential uses in several biotechnology domains. This review focuses on the most recent research on potential new EPS producers and their distinct compositions responsible for novel biological activities. Additionally, nutritional and process parameters discovered recently for enhancing EPS production and engineering strategies applied currently to control the biosynthetic pathway for enhanced EPS production are critically highlighted. The process intensification of previously developed EPS extraction and purification processes from cyanobacterial biomass is also extensively explained. Furthermore, the newly reported biotechnological applications of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Debnath
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
| | - Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
| | | | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kondi Vanitha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
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7
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Adsorption of chromium by exopolysaccharides extracted from lignolytic phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:788-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Siavoshi F, Ebrahimi H, Sarrafnejad A. Weissella confusa with thermostable β-hemolytic exopolysaccharide. Toxicon 2021; 202:67-74. [PMID: 34571097 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Consuming cooked meat contaminated with bacteria that carry thermostable hemolytic exopolysaccharide (ESP), could lead to severe diseases. Culture of a 5- h boiled sample of meat goulash on blood agar showed growth of a gram positive rod-shaped, mucoid and hemolytic bacterium. Biochemical tests and amplification of 1500 bp product of 16S rDNA and sequencing revealed bacterial identity as Weissella confusa. After 1 h boiling of bacterial suspension, they were alive and hemolytic, increased in volume and aggregated. After 8 h boiling of bacterial suspension with coverslip, live bacteria showed hemolysis, clustered and adhered to coverslip. Bacterial bacteriocin and hemolytic activities remained unchanged upon autoclaving. Purified bacterial EPS retained hemolytic activity after autoclaving. Boiling contaminated meat had no negative impact on viability of heat-stable W. confusa and its hemolytic EPS. Thermostable hemolytic EPS protected W. confusa from excessive heat. Hygienic practice in butcheries and kitchens are necessary to eliminate bacterial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hoda Ebrahimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolfattah Sarrafnejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Li C, Zheng C, Fu H, Zhai S, Hu F, Naveed S, Zhang C, Ge Y. Contrasting detoxification mechanisms of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Cd and Pb stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129771. [PMID: 33549886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been frequently investigated for its resistance to metals; however, few studies have systematically compared the intracellular and extracellular processes involved in the detoxification of Cd and Pb by this microalga. We found that C. reinhardtii was more tolerant to Pb (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect; EC50: 29.48 ± 8.83 mg L-1) than to Cd (EC50: 12.48 ± 1.30 mg L-1) after 96 h of exposure. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), intracellular starch granules, lipid droplets, and glutathione were significantly increased under Cd and Pb treatments. Lead-containing particles were formed outside of the cells exposed to 30 mg L-1 of Pb, whereas no minerals were present when Cd was added. Various EPS functional groups, including -COOH, C-O-C (polysaccharides), and amide I and II (proteins), were involved in the interactions with Cd and Pb. The Pb removal rate (60.46-78.27%) by C. reinhardtii was higher than that of Cd (50.61-59.38%), and the microalgal cells with intact EPS bound more metals than those without EPS. Adsorption accounted for 79.62% of the total Cd accumulation in the low-Cd treatment, whereas absorption dominated the Pb accumulation at low Pb concentrations. The distributions of Cd and Pb in and out of the microalgal cells were reversed when the concentrations of the two metals increased. The detoxification strategies of C. reinhardtii for Cd and Pb were completely different, and these findings may assist in the phycoremediation of metal pollution in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghua Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongxuan Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suhua Zhai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fan Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Demonstration Laboratory of Element and Life Science Research, Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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10
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Gupta A, Sainis JK, Bhagwat SG, Chittela RK. Modulation of photosynthesis in Synechocystis and Synechococcus grown with chromium (VI). J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Contributions of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria as biotechnological tools in food, pharmaceutical, and medical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:79-89. [PMID: 33482209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are important bioproducts produced by some genera of lactic acid bacteria. EPS are famous for their shelf-life improving properties, techno-functional enhancing abilities in food and dairy industries, besides their beneficial health effects. Furthermore, exopolysaccharides have many prospective and well-established contributions in the field of drugs and diagnostic industry. In this review, classification of EPS produced by LAB was presented. Moreover, current and potential applications of EPS in food, dairy, baking industries, cereal-based, and functional products were described. Also, some clinical and pharmaceutical applications of EPS such as intelligent drug delivery systems (microsystems and nanosystems for sustained delivery), interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), anticancer drug-targeting, recombinant macromolecular biopharmaceuticals, gene delivery, tissue engineering, and role of EPS in diagnostics were highlighted. Finally, future prospects concerning enhancing EPS production, minimizing costs of their production, and exploring their contribution in further applications were discussed.
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12
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Choudhuri I, Khanra K, Maity P, Patra A, Maity GN, Pati BR, Nag A, Mondal S, Bhattacharyya N. Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:537-549. [PMID: 33316341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 ± 169 mg L-1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 × 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as: Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Kalyani Khanra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Sabang Sajanikanta Mahavidyalaya, Sabang, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal PIN-721166, India
| | - Anutosh Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Gajendra Nath Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Bikas Ranjan Pati
- Dept. of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721102, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru PIN-560029, India
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India.
| | - Nandan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India.
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13
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Structural Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Enterococcus faecalis, and Study on its Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity Against HeLa Cells. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3125-3135. [PMID: 32725340 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS-I) having the molecular weight ~ 2.6 × 105 Da, was isolated from a Zinc resistant strain of Enterococcus faecalis from costal area. The exopolysaccharide consists of D-mannose, D-glucose, and L-fucose in molar ratio of 9:4:1. The monosaccharide units in the EPS-1 were determined through chemical (total acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis) and spectroscopic (FTIR and 1H NMR experiment) analysis. The mannose-rich EPS-1 showed total antioxidant activity (1 mg mL-1 of EPS-I as functional as approximately to 500 ± 5.2 µM of ascorbic acid) and Fe2+ metal ion chelation activity (EC50 = 405.6 µg mL-1) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 219.5 µg mL-1). The in vitro cytotoxicity experiment of EPS-I against cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa cells showed strong cytotoxic effect (LC50 = 267.3 µg mL-1) and at that concentration, it found almost nontoxic against normal healthy cells (HEK-293).
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Structural characterization and functional properties of novel exopolysaccharide from the extremely halotolerant Halomonas elongata S6. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:95-104. [PMID: 32673722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of extracellular polysaccharides by halophilic Archaea and Bacteria has been widely reported and the members of the genus Halomonas have been identified as the most potential producers. In the present work, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS-S6) produced by the extremely halotolerant newly isolated Halomonas elongata strain S6, was characterized. According to the HPAE-PAD results, EPS-S6 was mainly composed of glucosamine, mannose, rhamnose and glucose (1:0.9:0.7:0.3). EPS-S6 was highly negatively charged and its molecular weight was about 270 kDa. Studies on its functional properties showed that EPS-S6 had several potential features. It has noticeable antioxidant activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) inhibition and DNA protection, good ability to inhibit and to disrupt pathogenic biofilms, excellent flocculation of kaolin suspension and interesting emulsifying properties at acidic, neutral and basic pH. Therefore, EPS-S6 could have potential biotechnological concern in several fields such as in food, cosmetic and environmental industries.
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Genomic Survey of Salt Acclimation-Related Genes in the Halophilic Cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. Z-M001. Sci Rep 2020; 10:676. [PMID: 31959801 PMCID: PMC6971039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other halophilic cyanobacterial genomes, the de novo-assembled genome of Euhalothece sp. Z-M001 lacks genes encoding keto-carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes, despite the presence of genes encoding carotenoid-binding proteins (CBPs). Consistent with this, HPLC analysis of carotenoids identified β-carotene and zeaxanthin as the dominant carotenoids. CBPs coexpressed with the zeaxanthin biosynthesis gene increased the survival rates of Escherichia coli strains by preventing antibiotic-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RNA-seq analysis of Euhalothece revealed that among various salt resistance-related genes, those encoding the Na+ transporting multiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) systems, glycine betaine biosynthesis enzymes, exopolysaccharide metabolic enzymes, and CBPs were highly upregulated, suggesting their importance in hypersaline habitats. During the early phase of salt deprivation, the amounts of β-carotene and zeaxanthin showed a negative correlation with ROS content. Overall, we propose that in some halophilic cyanobacteria, β-carotene and zeaxanthin, rather than keto-carotenoids, serve as the major chromophores for CBPs, which in turn act as effective antioxidants.
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Tu C, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Liu Y, Luo Y. Biofilms of Microplastics. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Kumar H, Sinha SK, Goud VV, Das S. Removal of Cr(VI) by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized from extracellular polymeric substances of chromium resistant acid-tolerant bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus RTA-01. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:1001-1016. [PMID: 32030170 PMCID: PMC6985332 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Cr(VI) resistant acid-tolerant biofilm forming bacterium (CrRAtBb) Lysinibacillus sphaericus RTA-01 was used for synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) in removal of Cr(VI). METHODS MIONPs synthesized in EPS matrix were characterized by UV-Vis, DLS, ATR-FTIR, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM and VSM. Primarily, the synthesis of MIONPs was established by the formation of black-colored precipitate through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in between 330 and 450 nm. RESULTS The size of the spherical MIONPs with diameter range 13.75-106 nm was confirmed by DLS, XRD and FESEM analysis. HRTEM study confirmed the size of the MIONPs in the range of 10-65 nm. Moreover, the EDX and SAED confirmed the purity and polycrystalline nature of MIONPs. The ATR-FTIR peaks below 1000 cm-1 designated the synthesis of MIONPs. Also, the magnetic property of MIONPs was confirmed for separation from the aqueous solution. MIONPs were further checked for the adsorption of Cr(VI) with initial concentration range of 50-200 mg L-1. An adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic study were also carried out and the experimental data was best fitted in Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption percent of 1052.63 mg g-1 of Cr(VI). Post interaction with Cr(VI), the surface characteristic of MIONPs in EPS matrix was evaluated by zeta potential, EDX, ATR-FTIR and XRD. CONCLUSION This study ascertained the adsorption of Cr(VI) over EPS stabilized MIONPs whereas the zeta potential and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of reduced Cr(IV) on the adsorbent surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Swapan Kumar Sinha
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Guwahati, Assam 781036 India
| | - Vaibhav V. Goud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
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Hussein MH, Hamouda RA, Elhadary AMA, Abuelmagd MA, Ali S, Rizwan M. Characterization and chromium biosorption potential of extruded polymeric substances from Synechococcus mundulus induced by acute dose of gamma irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31998-32012. [PMID: 31493072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the extruded polymeric substances (EPS) secreted from Synechococcus mundulus cultures under the effect of 2-KGy gamma irradiation dose. The EPS demonstrated seven monosaccharides, two uronic acids and several chemical functional groups: O-H, N-H, =C-H, C=C, C=O, COO-, O-SO3, C-O-C and a newly formed peak at 1593 cm-1 (secondary imide). The roughness of EPS was 96.71 nm and only 28.4% total loss in weight was observed at 800 °C with a high degree of crystallinity quantified as CIDSC (0.722) and CIXRD (0.718). Preliminary comparative analyses of EPS exhibited high protein content in the radiologically modified (R-EPS) than control (C-EPS). Modified EPS were characterized with a high biosorption efficiency, which could be attributed to its high content of uronic acids, protein and sulphates as well as various saccharide monomers. Data revealed that 0.0213 mg L-1 h-1 is the maximum biosorption rate (SBRmax) of Cr(VI) for R-EPS, whereas 0.0204 mg L-1 h-1 SBRmax for the C-EPS respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat H Hussein
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Abdel Monsef A Elhadary
- Biological Application Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Deo D, Davray D, Kulkarni R. A Diverse Repertoire of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Gene Clusters in Lactobacillus Revealed by Comparative Analysis in 106 Sequenced Genomes. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E444. [PMID: 31614693 PMCID: PMC6843789 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) is one of the unique features of Lactobacillus genus. EPS not only have many physiological roles such as in stress tolerance, quorum sensing and biofilm formation, but also have numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we identified and compared EPS biosynthesis gene clusters in 106 sequenced Lactobacillus genomes representing 27 species. Of the 146 identified clusters, only 41 showed the typical generic organization of genes as reported earlier. Hierarchical clustering showed highly varied nature of the clusters in terms of the gene composition; nonetheless, habitat-wise grouping was observed for the gene clusters from host-adapted and nomadic strains. Of the core genes required for EPS biosynthesis, epsA, B, C, D and E showed higher conservation, whereas gt, wzx and wzy showed high variability in terms of the number and composition of the protein families. Analysis of the distribution pattern of the protein families indicated a higher proportion of mutually exclusive families in clusters from host-adapted and nomadic strains, whereas those from the free-living group had very few unique families. Taken together, this analysis highlights high variability in the EPS gene clusters amongst Lactobacillus with some of their properties correlated to the habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Deo
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
| | - Dimple Davray
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
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20
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Zhang X, Zhao S, Gao J, Lei Y, Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Xu Z, He C. Microbial action and mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal performance by layered double hydroxide modified zeolite and quartz sand in constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:636-646. [PMID: 31212217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance underlying the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) associated with Zn-layered double hydroxides (Zn-LDHs)-modified substrates utilized in simulated constructed wetlands (CWs) from a microbial perspective. To accomplish this, Zn-LDHs-modified substrates (zeolite and quartz sand (QS)) were synthesized at various Zn2+/Al3+ and Fe3+ molar ratios by co-precipitation under alkaline conditions. The experimental group was then compared with a control group to determine the microbial action responsible for Cr(VI) removal during the Cr(VI) removal experiments. The removal experiment revealed that the average Cr(VI) removal rates of the Zn-LDHs-modified substrates were superior to those of natural substrates. Subsequent evaluation of the microbial structure by Illumina high-throughput sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of Novosphingobium, Brevundimonas, Methylophilus, and Acidovorax related to Cr(VI) removal was relatively high in Zn-LDHs-modified substrates. Moreover, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content was significantly influenced by the Zn-LDHs coating according to the relative microbial experiments. Similar trends were observed in enzyme activity. Taken together, these findings illustrated that the Zn-LDHs coating had a significant impact on microbial action, and the Cr(VI) removal efficiency of the Zn-LDHs-modified QS (zeolite) substrate was better than that of the natural substrate because of intracellular and extracellular removal mechanisms. Briefly, the microbial action of Zn-LDHs-modified QS played an important role in Cr(VI) removal, since the EPS content possessed the appropriate concentrations. Moreover, the microbial activity of ZnAl-LDHs-modified QS (zeolite) may have been higher than that of ZnFe-LDHs-modified QS (zeolite) because Al had a stronger promoting effect on Cr(VI) bio-removal than Fe. Therefore, the microbial Cr(VI) removal supported by ZnAl-LDHs-modified QS is a better choice for CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuangjie Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingtian Gao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinghe Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhouying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyan He
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhang J, Liu L, Chen F. Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides from Chlorella zofingiensis and Chlorella vulgaris with anti-colorectal cancer activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:976-983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Abid Y, Azabou S, Joulak I, Casillo A, Lanzetta R, Corsaro MM, Gharsallaoui A, Attia H. Potential biotechnological properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis-GM from spontaneously fermented goat milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Tu C, Liu Y, Wei J, Li L, Scheckel KG, Luo Y. Characterization and mechanism of copper biosorption by a highly copper-resistant fungal strain isolated from copper-polluted acidic orchard soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24965-24974. [PMID: 29931648 PMCID: PMC6309591 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly copper-resistant fungal strain NT-1 was characterized by morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques. Physiological response to Cu(II) stress, effects of environmental factors on Cu(II) biosorption, as well as mechanisms of Cu(II) biosorption by strain NT-1 were also investigated in this study. The results showed that NT-1 belonged to the genus Gibberella, which exhibited high tolerance to both acidic conditions and Cu(II) contamination in the environment. High concentrations of copper stress inhibited the growth of NT-1 to various degrees, leading to the decreases in mycelial biomass and colony diameter, as well as changes in morphology. Under optimal conditions (initial copper concentration: 200 mg L-1, temperature 28 °C, pH 5.0, and inoculum dose 10%), the maximum copper removal percentage from solution through culture of strain NT-1 within 5 days reached up to 45.5%. The biosorption of Cu(II) by NT-1 conformed to quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model and was confirmed to be a monolayer adsorption process dominated by surface adsorption. The binding of NT-1 to Cu(II) was mainly achieved by forming polydentate complexes with carboxylate and amide group through covalent interactions and forming Cu-nitrogen-containing heterocyclic complexes via Cu(II)-π interaction. The results of this study provide a new fungal resource and key parameters influencing growth and copper removal capacity of the strain for developing an effective bioremediation strategy for copper-contaminated acidic orchard soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45224-1701, USA
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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24
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Hu Q, Sun J, Sun D, Tian L, Ji Y, Qiu B. Simultaneous Cr(VI) bio-reduction and methane production by anaerobic granular sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:15-21. [PMID: 29689436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) were treated with well-organized anaerobic granular sludge in this study. Results showed that the anaerobic granular sludge rapidly removed Cr(VI), and 2000 µg·L-1 Cr(VI) was completely eliminated within 6 min, which was much faster than the reported duration of removal by reported artificial materials. Sucrose added as a carbon source acted as an initial electron donor to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). This process was considered as the main mechanism of Cr(VI) removal. Methane production by anaerobic granular sludge was improved by the addition of Cr(VI) at a concentration lower than 500 µg·L-1. Anaerobic granular sludge had a well-organized structure, which presented good resistance against toxic Cr(VI). Trichoccus accelerated the degradation of organic substances to generate acetates with a low Cr(VI) concentration, thereby enhancing methane production by acetotrophic methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaji Sun
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lan Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Rani RP, Anandharaj M, David Ravindran A. Characterization of a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus gasseri FR4 and demonstration of its in vitro biological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:772-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Zhou Q, Feng F, Yang Y, Zhao F, Du R, Zhou Z, Han Y. Characterization of a dextran produced by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides XG5 from homemade wine. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2234-2241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Prospective of Microbial Exopolysaccharide for Heavy Metal Exclusion. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:582-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Aleman-Nava GS, Chandra R, Garcia-Perez JS, Contreras-Angulo JR, Markou G, Muylaert K, Rittmann BE, Parra-Saldivar R. Nutrients utilization and contaminants removal. A review of two approaches of algae and cyanobacteria in wastewater. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Xing S, Wang J, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Zhu C, Shokryazdan P, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Liao X. Lead biosorption of probiotic bacteria: effects of the intestinal content from laying hens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13528-13535. [PMID: 28390025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and the possible mechanisms of intestinal content (IC) from laying hens on in vitro lead (Pb2+) biosorption of four probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium longum BB79, Lactobacillus paracasei Kgl6, Lactobacillus pentosus ITA23, and Lactobacillus acidipiscis ITA44). The total Pb2+ removal capacity of the four probiotic strains, with and without capsule polysaccharides (CPSs), increased in the presence of IC compared to the control (without IC). SEM imaging revealed certain unidentified particles from the IC adhered on the surface of bacterial cells sorted out using flow cytometry. Follow-up experiment showed an overall trend of increase in the Pb2+ removal capacity of the sorted bacteria, but statistically significant for L. pentosus ITA23 and B. longum BB79 after incubation with IC, particularly with the suspended solid portion of the IC. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer data showed that functional groups such as C-H, O-H, C=O, and C-O-C which possibly associated with Pb2+ binding were mainly presented in the suspended solid portion of IC. Putting the above together, we postulated that the enhanced Pb2+ binding capacity the probiotic bacteria incubated in IC is due to the adherence of the yet to be identified particles which could much exist in suspended solid portion of IC containing negatively charged functional groups which bind with the positive Pb2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cui Zhu
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Shokryazdan
- Laboratory of Animal Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Study of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Study of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China.
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Utilization of Agro-Industry Residue for Rhamnolipid Production by P. aeruginosa AMB AS7 and Its Application in Chromium Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:70-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Song W, Zhao C, Zhang D, Mu S, Pan X. Different Resistance to UV-B Radiation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Two Cyanobacteria from Contrasting Habitats. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1208. [PMID: 27597841 PMCID: PMC4992692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of UV-B radiation (UVBR) on photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) of aquatic Synechocystis sp. and desert Chroococcus minutus and effects on composition and fluorescence property of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from Synechocystis sp. and C. minutus were comparatively investigated. The desert cyanobacterium species C. minutus showed higher tolerance of PSII activity (Fv/Fm) to UVBR than the aquatic Synechocystis sp., and the inhibited PSII activity of C. minutus could be fully recovered while that of Synechocystis sp. could be partly recovered. UVBR had significant effect on the yield and biochemical composition of EPS of both species. Protein-like and humic acid-like substances were detected in EPS from Synechocystis sp., and protein-like and phenol-like fluorescent compounds were detected in EPS from C. minutus. Proteins in EPS of desert and aquatic species were significantly decomposed under UVBR, and the latter was more easily decomposed. The polysaccharides were much more resistant to UVBR than the proteins for both species. Polysaccharides of Synechocystis sp. was degraded slightly but those of C. minutus was little decomposed. The higher tolerance to UVBR of the desert cyanobacterium can be attributed to the higher resistance of its EPS to photodegradation induced by UVBR in comparison with the aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Song
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography – Chinese Academy of Sciences, UrumqiChina
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences, UrumqiChina
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography – Chinese Academy of Sciences, UrumqiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry – Chinese Academy of Sciences, GuiyangChina
| | - Shuyong Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography – Chinese Academy of Sciences, UrumqiChina
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography – Chinese Academy of Sciences, UrumqiChina
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Chug R, Gour VS, Mathur S, Kothari SL. Optimization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances production using Azotobacter beijreinckii and Bacillus subtilis and its application in chromium (VI) removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:604-608. [PMID: 27183236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) of microbial origin are complex biopolymers and vary greatly in their chemical composition. They have a great potential in chelation of metal ions. In this work, the effect of growth phase, temperature and pH on production of EPS by two bacteria Azotobacter beijreinckii and Bacillus subtilis have been studied. Extracted EPS was used to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous system. A. beijreinckii produced maximum EPS after 24h at pH 7 and temperature 30°C while B. subtilis produced maximum EPS after 96h at pH 7 and temperature 37°C. For an initial concentration of 10ppm, 26% and 48% Cr(VI) removal was recorded for EPS derived from A. beijreinckii and B. subtilis respectively. The presence of functional groups on EPS and their interaction with Cr(VI) was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis. In both the bacteria, carboxyl and phosphate groups show involvement in metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Chug
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
| | - Shruti Mathur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S L Kothari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Gupta A, Thakur IS. Study of optimization of wastewater contaminant removal along with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production by a thermotolerant Bacillus sp. ISTVK1 isolated from heat shocked sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:21-30. [PMID: 26906445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work involved study of wastewater contaminant removal along with EPS production by a thermotolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. ISTVK1, isolated from heat shocked sewage sludge. EPS production in basal and mineral medium containing 50% filter sterilized wastewater and 0.5% sucrose was found to be 0.83±0.12gL(-1) and 0.31±0.10gL(-1) culture, respectively. GC-MS analysis of EPS revealed the presence of β-d-glucose, α-d-galactose and β-d-arabinose. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence carbohydrates. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize process parameters for enhanced EPS production along with % COD reduction of wastewater. The optimised conditions when used in a 1.5L bioreactor showed EPS production of 1.67±0.06gL(-1) culture and 93.0±0.21 % COD removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Gupta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Zhang ZZ, Cheng YF, Zhou YH, Buayi X, Jin RC. Roles of EDTA washing and Ca²⁺ regulation on the restoration of anammox granules inhibited by copper(II). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:92-99. [PMID: 26342580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) washing followed by Ca(2+) enhancement for the recovery of anammox reactors inhibited by Cu(II). Kinetic experiments and batch activity assays were employed to determine the optimal concentration of EDTA and washing time; and the performance and physiological dynamics were tracked by continuous-flow monitoring to evaluate the long-term effects. The two-step desorption process revealed that the Cu in anammox granules was primarily introduced via adsorption (approximately, 80.5%), and the portion of Cu in the dispersible layer was predominant (accounting for 71.1%). Afterwards, the Cu internalized in the cells (approximately, 14.7%) could diffuse out of the cells and be gradually washed out of the reactor over the next 20 days. The Ca(2+) addition that followed led to an accelerated nitrogen removal rate recovery slope (0.1491 kgN m(-3) d(-2)) and a normal biomass growth rate (0.054 d(-1)). The nitrogen removal rate returned to normal levels within 90 days and gradual improvements in granular characteristics were also achieved. Therefore, this study provides a new insight that externally removing the adsorbed heavy metals followed by internally repairing the metabolic system may represent an optimal restoration strategy for anammox consortium damaged by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Huang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiemuguli Buayi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Zhang ZZ, Deng R, Cheng YF, Zhou YH, Buayi X, Zhang X, Wang HZ, Jin RC. Behavior and fate of copper ions in an anammox granular sludge reactor and strategies for remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:838-846. [PMID: 26340551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the behavior, distribution and form dynamics of overloaded Cu(II) in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge reactors were investigated. The performance and physiological characteristics were tracked by continuous-flow monitoring to evaluate the long-term effects. High Cu loading (0.24 g L(-1)d(-1)) exceeded sludge bearing capacity, and precipitation dominated the removal pathway. The Cu distribution migrated from the extracellular polymeric substances-bound to the cell-associated Cu and the Cu forms shifted from the weakly bound to strongly bound fractions over time. Pearson correlation and fluorescence spectra analyses showed that the increase in protein concentrations in the EPS was a clear self-defense response to Cu(II) stress. Two remediation strategies, i.e., ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) washing and ultrasound-enhanced EDTA washing, weakened the equilibrium metal partition coefficient from 5.8 to 0.45 and 0.34 L mg(-1)SS, respectively, thereby accelerating the external diffusion of the Cu that had accumulated in the anammox granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Huang Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiemuguli Buayi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Hui-Zhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Torino MI, Font de Valdez G, Mozzi F. Biopolymers from lactic acid bacteria. Novel applications in foods and beverages. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:834. [PMID: 26441845 PMCID: PMC4566036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are microorganisms widely used in the fermented food industry worldwide. Certain LAB are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) either attached to the cell wall (capsular EPS) or released to the extracellular environment (EPS). According to their composition, LAB may synthesize heteropolysaccharides or homopolysaccharides. A wide diversity of EPS are produced by LAB concerning their monomer composition, molecular mass, and structure. Although EPS-producing LAB strains have been traditionally applied in the manufacture of dairy products such as fermented milks and yogurts, their use in the elaboration of low-fat cheeses, diverse type of sourdough breads, and certain beverages are some of the novel applications of these polymers. This work aims to collect the most relevant issues of the former reviews concerning the monomer composition, structure, and yields and biosynthetic enzymes of EPS from LAB; to describe the recently characterized EPS and to present the application of both EPS-producing strains and their polymers in the fermented (specifically beverages and cereal-based) food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Torino
- Technology Department, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de TucumánArgentina
| | | | - Fernanda Mozzi
- Technology Department, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de TucumánArgentina
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Parveen S, Khattar JIS, Singh DP. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PUPCCC 62: a potential candidate for biotransformation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the presence of sulphate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10661-10668. [PMID: 25752632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp., an isolate from polluted water of Satluj river, India, was found resistant to chromium(VI) up to 200 nmol mL(-1). In this study, it has been demonstrated that this organism takes up Cr(VI) through a phosphate transporter. The organism removed 250 nmol Cr(VI), 210 nmol phosphate and 180 nmol sulphate mg(-1) protein from a buffer solution in 8 h. Cr(VI) uptake by the organism decreased to 135 nmol Cr(VI) removed per milligram protein in the presence of 200 nmol phosphate mL(-1), but the same concentration of sulphate did not affect the Cr(VI) uptake. Similarly, the presence of Cr(VI) in the solution affected the phosphate uptake but not sulphate uptake by the test organism. The kinetic studies on Cr(VI) uptake in the presence of phosphate revealed that phosphate and Cr(VI) acted as competitive inhibitors for one another. Phosphate-starved cells of the organism removed more amount of Cr(VI) than the basal medium-grown cells. The uptake of Cr(VI) as well as phosphate by the organism was observed to be a light-dependent process. Cinnamic acid, a phosphate transporter inhibitor, inhibited Cr(VI) uptake by the organism. Results clearly demonstrated that the test organism takes up chromate ions by phosphate transporter and not by the sulphate transporter. This organism is thus a potential candidate for the bioremediation of Cr(VI) from Cr(VI) and sulphate-laden water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Parveen
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147 002, Punjab, India
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Characterization and Optimization of Bioflocculant Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. BTA97 and Anabaena sp. BTA990 in Culture Conditions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1950-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Effects of heavy metals on Cyanothece sp. CCY 0110 growth, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production, ultrastructure and protein profiles. J Proteomics 2015; 120:75-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Ryan PM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Caplice NM, Stanton C. Sugar-coated: exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria for food and human health applications. Food Funct 2015; 6:679-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human enteric microbiome represents a veritable organ relied upon by the host for a range of metabolic and homeostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Ryan
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre
- Cork
- Ireland
- Department of Microbiology
- University College Cork
| | - R. P. Ross
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
- College of Science
- Engineering & Food Science
| | - G. F. Fitzgerald
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
- Department of Microbiology
- University College Cork
| | | | - C. Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre
- Cork
- Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre
- University College Cork
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41
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Rezić T, Rezić I, Zeiner M, Hann S, Stingeder G, Šantek B. Biosorption of Mn (II), Co (II) and Cr (VI) in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor: experiments and evaluation of the integral bioprocess model. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Zeiner
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria
| | - S. Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria
| | - G. Stingeder
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Austria
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42
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Li WW, Yu HQ. Insight into the roles of microbial extracellular polymer substances in metal biosorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 160:15-23. [PMID: 24345430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption presents a potent technology to remediate metal-contaminated aqueous environment or even to recover precious metals. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are believed to play an important role in metal biosorption by microorganisms, but the reported results have been rather contradictory and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear so far. This review aims to clarify why large discrepancies existed for different EPS-metal systems through systematically exploring into the adsorption mechanisms and influential factors, and to offer some implications for advancing the implementation of metal biosorption technologies. The state-of-the-art methodologies for characterizing metal-EPS binding are summarized; several interaction mechanisms, including ion exchange, complexation and surface precipitation, are analyzed; the major influential factors such as EPS composition, metal species, solution chemistry and operating conditions are discussed; and lastly future research needs to advance the investigations and implementations of such biosorption processes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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43
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Detoxification of hexavalent chromate by Amphibacillus sp. KSUCr3 cells immobilised in silica-coated magnetic alginate beads. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Metal removal of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides by uronic acid content and monosaccharide composition. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Paniagua-Michel JDJ, Olmos-Soto J, Morales-Guerrero ER. Algal and microbial exopolysaccharides: new insights as biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:221-257. [PMID: 25300549 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, efforts are being made to utilize more natural biological systems as alternatives as a way to replace fossil forms of carbon. There is a growing concern at global level to have nontoxic, nonhazardous surface-active agents; contrary to synthetic surfactants, their biological counterparts or biosurfactants play a primary function, facilitating microbial presence in environments dominated by hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. Algal and microbial biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers from marine and deep-sea environments are attracting major interest due to their structural and functional diversity as molecules actives of surface and an alternative biomass to replace fossil forms of carbon. Algal and microbial surfactants are lipid in nature and classified as glycolipids, phospholipids, lipopeptides, natural lipids, fatty acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolic bioactive products are applicable in a number of industries and processes, viz., food processing, pharmacology, and bioremediation of oil-polluted environments. This chapter presents an update of the progress and potentialities of the principal producers of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-type biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers, viz., macro- and microalgae (cyanobacteria and diatoms) and bacteria from marine and extreme environments. Particular interest is centered into new sources and applications, viz., marine and deep-sea environments and promissory uses of these EPSs as biosurfactants/emulsifiers and other polymeric roles. The enormous benefits of these molecules encourage their discovery, exploitation, and development of new microbial EPSs that could possess novel industrial importance and corresponding innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel
- Laboratory for Bioactive Compounds and Bioremediation, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Olmos-Soto
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Roberto Morales-Guerrero
- Laboratory for Bioactive Compounds and Bioremediation, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Hou W, Ma Z, Sun L, Han M, Lu J, Li Z, Mohamad OA, Wei G. Extracellular polymeric substances from copper-tolerance Sinorhizobium meliloti immobilize Cu²⁺. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:614-20. [PMID: 24041771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The copper tolerance gene of wild-type heavy metal-tolerance Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 was mutated by transposon Tn5-a. The mutant was sensitive up to 1.4mM Cu(2+). Production, components, surface morphology, and functional groups of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the wild-type strains were compared with sensitive mutant in immobilization of Cu(2+). EPS produced by S. meliloti CCNWSX0020 restricts uptake of Cu(2+). The cell wall EPS were categorized based on the compactness and fastness: soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). LB-EPS played a more important role than S-EPS and TB-EPS in Cu(2+) immobilization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis LB-EPS had rough surface and many honeycomb pores, making them conducive to copper entry; therefore, they may play a role as a microbial protective barrier. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis further confirm that proteins and carbohydrates were the main extracellular compounds which had functional groups such as carboxyl (COOH), hydroxyl (OH), and amide (NH), primarily involved in metal ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Flamm D, Blaschek W. Exopolysaccharides of Synechocystis aquatilis are sulfated arabinofucans containing N-acetyl-fucosamine. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:301-6. [PMID: 24299777 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are known to be a rather diverse group of organisms regarding e.g. morphology, metabolism and composition of excreted exopolysaccharides (EPS). Considering the high number of known cyanobacterial species the EPS from only a small percentage are investigated in detail. This work examined EPS from the unicellular strains of Synechocystis aquatilis and S. pevalekii with various methods. The results emphasize the heterogeneity of cyanobacterial EPS. S. pevalekii secrets complex hetero-polysaccharides and acidic proteins as proteoglycan-complexes whereas the protein-free but highly sulfated EPS from S. aquatilis only consist of 4 dominant monosaccharides. Especially remarkable is the composition of these EPS: an arabinofucan with higher amounts of N-acetyl-fucosamine (FucNAc) and only minor quantities of glucose. Both EPS and the newly found component FucNAc in EPS from S. aquatilis extend the possible components of cyanobacterial EPS and the knowledge of heterogeneity of cyanobacterial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Flamm
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Export of extracellular polysaccharides modulates adherence of the Cyanobacterium synechocystis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74514. [PMID: 24040267 PMCID: PMC3769361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of cyanobacterial biofuel production is advancing rapidly, yet we know little of the basic biology of these organisms outside of their photosynthetic pathways. We aimed to gain a greater understanding of how the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (Synechocystis, hereafter) modulates its cell surface. Such understanding will allow for the creation of mutants that autoflocculate in a regulated way, thus avoiding energy intensive centrifugation in the creation of biofuels. We constructed mutant strains lacking genes predicted to function in carbohydrate transport or synthesis. Strains with gene deletions of slr0977 (predicted to encode a permease component of an ABC transporter), slr0982 (predicted to encode an ATP binding component of an ABC transporter) and slr1610 (predicted to encode a methyltransferase) demonstrated flocculent phenotypes and increased adherence to glass. Upon bioinformatic inspection, the gene products of slr0977, slr0982, and slr1610 appear to function in O-antigen (OAg) transport and synthesis. However, the analysis provided here demonstrated no differences between OAg purified from wild-type and mutants. However, exopolysaccharides (EPS) purified from mutants were altered in composition when compared to wild-type. Our data suggest that there are multiple means to modulate the cell surface of Synechocystis by disrupting different combinations of ABC transporters and/or glycosyl transferases. Further understanding of these mechanisms may allow for the development of industrially and ecologically useful strains of cyanobacteria. Additionally, these data imply that many cyanobacterial gene products may possess as-yet undiscovered functions, and are meritorious of further study.
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Exopolysaccharides protect Synechocystis against the deleterious effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in natural and artificial waters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 405:35-43. [PMID: 23777864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the model cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803. We used well-characterized NPs suspensions in artificial and natural (Seine River, France) waters. We report that NPs trigger direct (cell killing) and indirect (cell sedimentation precluding the capture of light, which is crucial to photosynthesis) deleterious effects. Both toxic effects increase with NPs concentration and are exacerbated by the presence of UVAs that increase the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (hydroxyl and superoxide radicals) by TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, we compared the responses of the wild-type strain of Synechocystis, which possesses abundant exopolysaccharides surrounding the cells, to that of an EPS-depleted mutant. We show, for the first time, that the exopolysaccharides play a crucial role in Synechocystis protection against cell killing caused by TiO2 NPs.
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50
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Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is more tolerant to chromate as compared to Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biometals 2013; 26:309-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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