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Kamande SM, Omwenga GI, Ngugi MP. Production of cellulases by Xylaria sp. and Nemania sp. using lignocellulose substrates for bioethanol production from maize cobs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36802. [PMID: 39296107 PMCID: PMC11408009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Two species of Xylaria (KM01, KM03) and Nemania sp.KM02 isolated from decaying plant biomass were evaluated for their ability to produce cellulases on maize cob, eucalyptus, and cypress substrates under solid-state fermentation. A total of 10 fungal samples from decaying plant biomass were collected from Karura forest based on morphological variations. The fungi isolated were screened for cellulase activity and positive isolates were selected for the study. ITS4 R and ITS86 F primers were used to identify the fungal isolates with accuracy ranging from 98 % to 100 %. The crude cellulases produced was assayed for FPase, exoglucanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase. Cellulases of Xylaria sp. KM01 produced higher FPase and exoglucanase (2.01 ± 0.13 IU/ml and 0.94 ± 0.08 IU/ml) on pretreated maize cobs with 0.1M HCl at 121oC, while that of Xylaria sp.KM03 produced higher β-glucosidase and endoglucanase (588.6 ± 64.2 IU/ml and 3.59 ± 0.02 IU/ml) on maize cobs pretreated with 0.1M NaOH at 121oC. However, cellulases of Xylaria sp. KM01 produced higher β-glucosidase and FPase (629.7 ± 20.2 IU/ml and 1.67 ± 0.03 IU/ml) on untreated maize cobs after the 9th day of incubation, whereas cellulases of Xylaria sp.KM03 and Nemania sp.KM02 produced higher endoglucanase and exoglucanase (2.80 ± 0.21 IU/ml and 0.83 ± 0.02 IU/ml) on untreated maize cobs after the 3rd and 6th day of incubation. Saccharification of maize cobs by cellulase of Xylaria sp.KM03 produced the highest reducing sugars at 8 % substrate loading (10.17 ± 0.37 mg/ml) after 72 h of incubation. Simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of maize cobs by cellulase of Nemania sp.KM02 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded higher bioethanol (28.72 ± 3.82 mg/ml) after 96 h of fermentation. Maize cob is established as a suitable feedstock for cellulases and bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Kamande
- Technical University of Kenya, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George I Omwenga
- Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew P Ngugi
- Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Yadav PS, Prasad BVS, Chandra MS, Maddela NR, Prasad R. Leaching Approach for β-Glucosidase Extraction from Fermented Rice Husk in Solid State Cultivation by Aspergillus protuberus. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:140. [PMID: 38622481 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Environmental problems are caused by the disposal of agrowastes in developing countries. It is imperative to convert such wastes into useful products, which require enzymes such as β-glucosidase. β-Glucosidase has variety of applications in biotechnology including food, textile, detergents, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. β-Glucosidase production was performed using the locally isolated Aspergillus protuberus using best growth circumstances on rice husk in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Leaching of β-glucosidase from fermented rice husk with number of solvents to evaluate their extraction efficacy. Among the different solvents examined, acetate buffer (0.02 M, pH 5.0) proved to be the best solvent. The subsequent parameters were optimized with acetate buffer. Two washes with acetate buffer each by shaking (30 min) in a ratio of 1 g of rice husk: 5 ml of acetate buffer together attained maximum recovery of β-glucosidase with 41.95 U/g of rice husk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Suresh Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B V Siva Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Subhosh Chandra
- Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
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3
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Sutaoney P, Rai SN, Sinha S, Choudhary R, Gupta AK, Singh SK, Banerjee P. Current perspective in research and industrial applications of microbial cellulases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130639. [PMID: 38453122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The natural interactions between various bacteria, fungi, and other cellulolytic microorganisms destroy lignocellulosic polymers. The efficacy of this process is determined by the combined action of three main enzymes: endoglucanases, exo-glucanases, and β-glucosidase. The enzyme attacks the polymeric structure's β-1,4-linkages during the cellulose breakdown reaction. This mechanism is crucial for the environment as it recycles cellulose in the biosphere. However, there are problems with enzymatic cellulose breakdown, including complex cellulase structure, insufficient degradation efficacy, high production costs, and post-translational alterations, many of which are closely related to certain unidentified cellulase properties. These issues impede the practical use of cellulases. A developing area of research is the application of this similar paradigm for industrial objectives. Cellulase enzyme exhibits greater promise in many critical industries, including biofuel manufacture, textile smoothing and finishing, paper and pulp manufacturing, and farming. However, the study on cellulolytic enzymes must move forward in various directions, including increasing the activity of cellulase as well as designing peptides to give biocatalysts their desired attributes. This manuscript includes an overview of current research on different sources of cellulases, their production, and biochemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India; Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sakshi Sinha
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rachana Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Junwani, Durg 490005, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Paromita Banerjee
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India.
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Mostafa FA, Wehaidy HR, Sharaf S, El-Hennawi HM, Mahmoud SA, Saleh SAA. Aspergillus awamori MK788209 cellulase: production, statistical optimization, pea peels saccharification and textile applications. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:11. [PMID: 38183135 PMCID: PMC10768301 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for low-cost cellulolytic enzyme synthesis is rising in the enzyme market. This work aims to produce cellulase by utilizing various agricultural wastes and investigating the use of enzyme in saccharification and textile industries. RESULTS Solid state fermentation (SSF) was applied to produce industrial enzymes, particularly cellulase, through utilizing Molokhia (Corchorus olitorius) stems by Aspergillus awamori MK788209 isolate. Two stages of statistical factorial designs Plackett-Burman (PB) and Central Composite Design (CCD) were applied to enhance the A. awamori MK788209 cellulase production from Molokhia stems (MS). The fold increase of enzyme production by PB followed by CCD was 2.51 and 4.86, respectively. Additionally, the A. awamori MK788209 culture filtrate was highly effective in saccharifying various agricultural wastes, particularly pea peels (PP) (yielding 98.33 mg reducing sugar/ml), due to its richness in cellulase, laccase, xylanase, pectinase, and amylase. By optimizing the three main variables; pea peel weight, culture filtrate volume added, and saccharification time by CCD, the sugar recovery from PP was enhanced, leading to a 3.44-fold increase in reducing sugar recovery (338 mg reducing sugar /ml). Furthermore, the A. awamori MK788209 culture filtrate showed high efficacy in textile applications, enhancing the roughness, weight loss, white index, and printing capability of treated cotton fabrics. CONCLUSIONS A. Awamori MK788209 produced cellulase which was effective in PP saccharification. The enzyme was also capable of enhancing cotton fabric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A Mostafa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hala R Wehaidy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samar Sharaf
- Preatreatment and finishing of cellulosic based fabric Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba M El-Hennawi
- Dying, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Safia A Mahmoud
- Dying, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Thakur G, Sutaoney P, Joshi V, Ghosh P. Response surface optimization of cellulase production by Aspergillus stellatus NFCCI 5299 in shake flask submerged fermentation using wheat bran. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38146418 PMCID: PMC10748783 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expense of cellulase enzymes is the main barrier to the enzymatic saccharification of biomass. Numerous tactics, such as the utilizing inexpensive lignocellulosic substrates as well as economically feasible fermentation techniques for the production of the enzyme may reduce the cost of cellulases. The present investigation was aimed to improve cellulase production employing potential cellulolytic soil fungi, Aspergillus stellatus NFCCI 5299 using wheat bran as substrate. Employing response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD), the most efficient process parameters were determined. The ideal conditions for the synthesis of carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) and filter paper cellulase activity (FPase) were 6 days of incubation, inoculum size of 4 mycelial disc, 125 rpm of agitation, and 3.5% of wheat bran. The significant mycelial development and enzymatic digestion of wheat bran were discovered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The findings suggested that it can be practicable to use wheat bran as substrate under submerged fermentation utilizing Aspergillusstellatus NFCCI 5299 for efficient cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Thakur
- Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
| | - Priya Sutaoney
- Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
- Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101 India
| | - Veenu Joshi
- Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
| | - Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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Ma X, Gao M, Li Y, Wang Q, Sun X. Production of cellulase by Aspergillus niger through fermentation of spent mushroom substance: Glucose inhibition and elimination approaches. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Lei Z, Chen X, Cao F, Guo Q, Wang J. Efficient saccharification of Lycium barbarum leaf biomass by using enzyme cocktails produced by a novel fungus Aspergillus costaricensis LS18. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115969. [PMID: 36104882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of agro-industrial residues is an interesting issue contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection. Lycium barbarum leaves (LBL) are agro-industrial residues of the L. barabrum berry cultivation and seriously underutilized, leading to resource waste and environmental pollution. In this study, we prepared cost-effective enzyme cocktails with high xylanase activity from a novel soil-derived fungal strain Aspergillus costaricensis LS18. The xylanase activity of these on-site produced enzyme cocktails was 3.49 ± 0.55 U/mL. Through the hydrolysis using the enzyme cocktails with 6% substrate loading at 45 °C for 12 h, 86.57 ± 1.81% of total reducing sugars (RS) from LBL was released. The concentration of RS in the hydrolysates reached 8.17 ± 0.33 mg/mL. In this study, LBL were added values by two mutually independent bioprocess ways. On the one hand, LBL were used as the only nutrients in the medium for the on-site production of enzyme cocktails by fermentation. On the other hand, through hydrolysis using this enzyme cocktail, LBL biomass was efficiently hydrolyzed and fermentable monosugars were gained. This study could benefit to the exploitation of LBL resources and provide the references for utilization of other agro-industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Lei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xianqiang Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qirong Guo
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Procession of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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8
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Halophilic and Halotolerant Actinomycetes of Sambhar Salt Lake, India: Screening and Optimization of Cellulolytic Activity. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria well known for the production of bioactive compounds. Recently, many halophilic habitats have been explored for isolation of actinomycetes that exhibit biotechnological potentials. In this investigation, a saline habitat of Rajasthan, Sambhar Salt Lake (SSL) was selected to study the actinomycetes population and Carboxy Methyl Cellulase (CMCase) production by native isolates. A total of sixteen actinomycete isolates, halotolerant and moderately halophilic, were obtained using culture-dependent methods and characterized morphologically and biochemically. They were identified as members of Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Pseudonocardia, Saccharospolyspora, and Microbispora. Streptomyces was the most dominating genus, followed by Nocardiopsis. Agar plate assay was used for screening the isolates for CMCase production. Thirteen were found to produce the enzyme, apparent by hydrolysis observed on media plates. The highest relative activity of 22.04 was shown by isolate SSL 14 identified as Nocardiopsis sp. by 16S rDNA sequencing studies and thus selected for further optimization studies. Maximum enzyme (1.08 ± 0.09 U/ml) was produced using medium containing Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (Carbon source) and yeast extract (nitrogen source) at 12% NaCl and pH 9.0, incubated at 30 °C for 96 h. Maximum CMCase production at high salt concentration and pH suggests that Nocardiopsis SSL 14 can be used for industrial processes that operate under excessive saline and alkaline conditions.
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The influence mechanism of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ferrous iron on the bioavailability of Fe in the process of low rank coal fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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de Oliveira Amaral A, E Ferreira AFTAF, da Silva Bentes JL. Fungal endophytic community associated with Hevea spp.: diversity, enzymatic activity, and biocontrol potential. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:857-872. [PMID: 35247168 PMCID: PMC9151944 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hevea present a great diversity of endophytic fungal species, which can provide bioactive compounds and enzymes for biotechnological use, and antagonist agents for plant disease biological control. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of Hevea spp. clones in western Amazonia was explored using cultivation-based techniques, combined with the sequencing of the ITS rRNA-region. A total of 269 isolates were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to 47 putative species, of which 24 species were unambiguous. The phylum Ascomycota was the most abundant (95.4%), with predominance of the genera Colletotrichum and Diaporthe, followed by the phylum Basidiomycota (4.6%), with abundance of the genera Trametes and Phanerochaete. Endophytic composition was influenced by the clones, with few species shared among them, and the greatest diversity was found in clone C44 (richness: 26, Shannon: 14,15, Simpson: 9.11). The potential for biocontrol and enzymatic production of endophytes has been investigated. In dual culture tests, 95% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides, and 84% against C. cassiicola. Efficient inhibition was obtained with isolates HEV158C and HEV255M (Cophinforma atrovirens and Polyporales sp. 2) for C. gloeosporioides, and HEV1A and HEV8B (Phanerochaete sp. 3 and Diaporthe sp. 4) for C. cassiicola. The endophytic isolates were positive for lipase (69.6%), amylase (67.6%), cellulase (33.3%), and protease (20.6%). The enzyme index ≥ 2 was found for amylase and lipase. The isolates obtained from rubber trees showed good antimicrobial and enzymatic potential, which can be tested in the future for use in the industry, and in the control of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriene de Oliveira Amaral
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Tropical, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Application of solid-state fermentation by microbial biotechnology for bioprocessing of agro-industrial wastes from 1970 to 2020: A review and bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09173. [PMID: 35368548 PMCID: PMC8971590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the pertinent literature from 1970 to 2020 and presents a bibliometric analysis of research trends in the application of solid-state fermentation in the bioprocessing of agro-industrial wastes. A total 5630 publications of studies on solid-state fermentation that comprised of 5208 articles (92.50%), 340 book chapters (6.04%), 39 preprints (0.69%), 32 proceedings (0.56%), 8 edited books (0.14%) and 3 monographs (0.05%) were retrieved from Dimensions database. A review of the literature indicated that (i) fermentation of solid substrates is variously defined in the literature over the past 50 years, where "solid-state fermentation" is the most dominant research term used, and (ii) key products derived from the valorization of agro-industrial wastes through solid-state fermentation include, among others, enzymes, antioxidants, animal feed, biofuel, organic acids, biosurfactants, etc. Bibliometric analyses with VOSviewer revealed an astronomic increase in publications between 2000 and 2020, and further elucidated the most frequently explored core research topics, the most highly cited publications and authors, and countries/regions with the highest number of citations. The most cited publication between 2010 and 2020 had 382 citations compared to 725 citations for the most cited publication from 1970 to 2020. Ashok Pandey from India was the most published and cited author with 123 publications and 8,613 citations respectively; whereas Bioresource Technology was the most published and cited journal with 233 publications and 12,394 citations. Countries with the most publications and citations are Brazil, France, India, and Mexico. These findings suggest that research in the application of solid-state fermentation for bioprocessing of agro-industrial wastes has gained prominence over the past 50 years. Future perspectives and implications are discussed.
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Patel A, Divecha J, Shah A. Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2, a novel brown rot for endoglucanase: emphasis towards enhanced endoglucanase production by statistical approach. Mycology 2021; 12:325-340. [PMID: 34900384 PMCID: PMC8654404 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1918277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown rot basidiomycetes are a principal group of wood-decaying fungi which degrade wood cellulose and hemicellulose by the combination of carbohydrate active enzymes and non-enzymatic oxidation reactions. Very scant information is available on carbohydrate active enzymes of brown rot fungi. In this context, present study focused on the production of cellulolytic–hemicellulolytic enzymes from newly isolated brown rot Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2. Under solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as the substrate Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2 was able to produce a maximum of 1391.12 ± 21.13 U/g of endoglucanase along with other cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Various fermentation parameters were optimised for enhanced production of endoglucanase by employing Plackett-Burman design followed by Box-Behnken design. A well-fitted regression equation with R2 value of 98.91% was attained for endoglucanase. The yield of endoglucanase was enhanced by 1.83-fold after executing statistical optimisation of various fermentative parameters. The newly isolated Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2 was found to be a potential producer of endoglucanase. Enzymatic saccharification of alkali-treated wheat straw and rice straw resulted in release of 190.8 and 318.8 mg/g of reducing sugars, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Patel
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Jyoti Divecha
- Department of Statistics, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Amita Shah
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Gao B, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhang Z, Zhu D. Concurrent production of glycyrrhetic acid 3- O-mono-β-d-glucuronide and lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation of a plant endophytic Chaetomium globosum. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:88. [PMID: 34540556 PMCID: PMC8442819 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) as an important derivative of glycyrrhizin (GL) shows stronger biological activities and higher sweetness than GL. The biotransformation process is considered as an efficient strategy for GAMG production, due to its mild reaction, high production efficiency and environmentally friendly status. In this study, licorice straw was used for the first time as a medium for GAMG and lignocellulosic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation (SSF) of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum DX-THS3. The fermentation conditions including particle size, temperature, seed age, inoculum size, and moisture of substrate were optimized. Furthermore, additional nitrogen sources and carbon sources were screened for GAMG production by C. globosum DX-THS3 of SSF. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the percent conversion of glycyrrhizin reached 90% in 15 days, whereas the control needed 35 days to achieve the same result. The productivity of optimization (P = 2.1 mg/g/day) was 2.33-fold that of non-optimization (P = 0.9 mg/g/day). Meanwhile, high activities of filter paper enzyme (FPase) (245.80 U/g), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (33.67 U/g), xylanase (83.44 U/g), and β-glucuronidase activity (271.42 U/g) were obtained faster than those in the control during SSF. Our study provides a novel and efficient strategy for GAMG production and indicates C. globosum DX-THS3 as a potential producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40643-021-00441-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Gao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Junru Sun
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
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14
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Liu W, Xiang H, Zhang T, Pang X, Su J, Liu H, Ma B, Yu L. Screening and Selection of a New Medium for Diosgenin Production via Microbial Biocatalysis of Fusarium sp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050390. [PMID: 33919111 PMCID: PMC8143133 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely used as starting precursors and medical intermediates for the semi-/total-synthesis of hundreds of steroidal drugs. One such steroidal saponin is diosgenin, which has attracted significant attention due to the huge market demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to water waste and severe environmental pollution, the traditional diosgenin production process based on direct acid hydrolysis is no longer used. In this study, to develop a submerged fermentation (SmF) medium for clean diosgenin production via efficient microbial biocatalysis, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) in combination with the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to determine the medium compositions for Fusarium strains. Three components (wheat bran, phosphate, and Tween-80) were determined as significant factors by the PBD. Using the BBD, the three significant factors were further optimized, and the optimum values were determined for maximal diosgenin production. With 21.16 g/L of wheat bran, 9.60 g/L of phosphate, and 1.97 g/L of Tween-80, the diosgenin yield was 2.28%, i.e., 3.17 mg/L/h. The experimental values agreed with the predicted values, representing a significant increase in diosgenin production compared to its production using the basic SmF medium. For the first time, we reported the development of a new medium for Fusarium strains to produce diosgenin via microbial biocatalysis of the root of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW). A simple-composition, low-cost, and high-efficiency medium was developed for the first time for the SmF of Fusarium strains. The medium is considered useful for large-scale SmF and may be applicable to other fungi. This study lays a solid foundation for diosgenin production in an acid-free and wastewater-free way. It may also provide fundamental support for producing other value-added products via microbial biocatalysis of low-value materials by endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancang Liu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Haibo Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430011, China;
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Xu Pang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Jing Su
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Liyan Yu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63187118
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15
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Purification and characterization of novel, thermostable and non-processive GH5 family endoglucanase from Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1161-1169. [PMID: 33892036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanases from glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) are the key enzymes in degradation of diverse plant polysaccharides. Present study reports purification, characterization and partial sequencing of novel thermostable GH5 family endoglucanase from a newly isolated brown rot fungi Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2. Endoglucanase was purified 34.18 fold with a specific activity of 302.90 U/mg. The molecular weight of the endoglucanase was 37.87 kDa as determined by SDS PAGE. LC MS/MS analysis identified the protein to be a member of GH5_5 family. The temperature and pH optima for endoglucanase activity were 70 °C and 4.8, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl-cellulose with a Km of 12.0 mg/ml, Vmax of 556.58 μmol/min/mg and Kcat of 129.41/sec. The enzyme was stimulated by Zn+2 and K+ metal ions and DTT. Half-life (t1/2) for endoglucanase was found to be 11.36 h with decimal reduction time (D) of 37.75 h at 70 °C. The activation energy for endoglucanase was found to be 30.76 kJ/mol (50 °C-70 °C). Looking at the results, the endoglucanase from Fomitopsis meliae CFA 2 seems to be a promising thermostable enzyme which may be applicable in applications like biomass hydrolysis.
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Alarcón E, Hernández C, García G, Ziarelli F, Gutiérrez-Rivera B, Musule R, Vázquez-Marrufo G, Gardner TG. Changes in chemical and structural composition of sugarcane bagasse caused by alkaline pretreatments [Ca(OH)2 and NaOH] modify the amount of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1881777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Alarcón
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Christian Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Gabriela García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Faculty of Science and Technology of Saint-Jérôme, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ricardo Musule
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología (CMEB), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Terrence G. Gardner
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Kainthola J, Podder A, Fechner M, Goel R. An overview of fungal pretreatment processes for anaerobic digestion: Applications, bottlenecks and future needs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124397. [PMID: 33249324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin modifying or extracellular enzymes secreted by the white rot fungi have the ability of degrading wide range of lignocellulosic substrates and organic pollutants. Lignocellulosic biomass, despite being a renewable source of energy, is difficult to hydrolyse (hydrolysis being rate-limiting stage in anaerobic digestion process). Various pre-treatment techniques like physical, chemical, thermo-chemical and biological to enhance the accessibility of microbes to carbohydrates have been studied. Recently, usage of white- rot fungi in a biological pre-treatment technique have received renewed interest due to its low cost and eco-friendly nature. This review deals with: a) lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance, b) various pre-treatment techniques and its economic feasibility, c) delignification and hydrolysis mechanism using white-rot fungi, d) factors controlling white-rot fungi pre- treatment process, and e) improvement in methane production through solid-state anaerobic digestion of white-rot fungi pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass. Finally a future perspective is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kainthola
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Aditi Podder
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Marcus Fechner
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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18
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Ideal Feedstock and Fermentation Process Improvements for the Production of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of lignocellulosic biomass in energy production for biofuels and other value-added products can extensively decrease the carbon footprint of current and future energy sectors. However, the infrastructure in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass is not well-established as compared to the fossil fuel industry. One of the bottlenecks is the production of the lignocellulolytic enzymes. These enzymes are produced by different fungal and bacterial species for degradation of the lignocellulosic biomass into its reactive fibers, which can then be converted to biofuel. The selection of an ideal feedstock for the lignocellulolytic enzyme production is one of the most studied aspects of lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Similarly, the fermentation enhancement strategies for different fermentation variables and modes are also the focuses of researchers. The implementation of fermentation enhancement strategies such as optimization of culture parameters (pH, temperature, agitation, incubation time, etc.) and the media nutrient amendment can increase the lignocellulolytic enzyme production significantly. Therefore, this review paper summarized these strategies and feedstock characteristics required for hydrolytic enzyme production with a special focus on the characteristics of an ideal feedstock to be utilized for the production of such enzymes on industrial scales.
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Meng X, Ma L, Li T, Zhu H, Guo K, Liu D, Ran W, Shen Q. The functioning of a novel protein, Swollenin, in promoting the lignocellulose degradation capacity of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 from a proteomic perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:123992. [PMID: 32799087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of a novel auxiliary enzyme, TgSWO from Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742, was investigated based on the proteomic analysis of wild-type (WT), knockout (KO) and overexpression (OE) treatments. The results showed that the cellulase and hemicellulase activities of OE and WT were significantly higher than those of KO. Simultaneously, tandem mass tag (TMT) analysis results indicated that cellulases and hemicellulases were significantly upregulated in OE, especially hydrophobin (HFB, A1A105805.1) and endo-β-1,4-glucanases (A1A101831.1), with ratios of 43.73 and 9.88, respectively, compared with WT. The synergistic effect of TgSWO on cellulases increased the reducing sugar content by 1.45 times in KO + TgSWO (1.8 mg) compared with KO, and there was no significant difference between KO + TgSWO (1.2 mg) and WT. This study elucidated the function of TgSWO in promoting the lignocellulose degradation capacity of NAJU4742, which provides new insights into the efficient conversion of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Ran
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Gonzalez A, Corsini G, Lobos S, Seelenfreund D, Tello M. Metabolic Specialization and Codon Preference of Lignocellulolytic Genes in the White Rot Basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101227. [PMID: 33092062 PMCID: PMC7588917 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceriporiopsis subvermispora is a white-rot fungus with a high specificity towards lignin mineralization when colonizing dead wood or lignocellulosic compounds. Its lignocellulose degrading system is formed by cellulose hydrolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidases, and laccases that catalyze the efficient depolymerization and mineralization of lignocellulose. To determine if this metabolic specialization has modified codon usage of the lignocellulolytic system, improving its adaptation to the fungal translational machine, we analyzed the adaptation to host codon usage (CAI), tRNA pool (tAI, and AAtAI), codon pair bias (CPB), and the number of effective codons (Nc). These indexes were correlated with gene expression of C. subvermispora, in the presence of glucose and Aspen wood. General gene expression was not correlated with the index values. However, in media containing Aspen wood, the induction of expression of lignocellulose-degrading genes, showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher values of CAI, AAtAI, CPB, tAI, and lower values of Nc than non-induced genes. Cellulose-binding proteins and manganese peroxidases presented the highest adaptation values. We also identified an expansion of genes encoding glycine and glutamic acid tRNAs. Our results suggest that the metabolic specialization to use wood as the sole carbon source has introduced a bias in the codon usage of genes involved in lignocellulose degradation. This bias reduces codon diversity and increases codon usage adaptation to the tRNA pool available in C. subvermispora. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that codon usage is modified to improve the translation efficiency of a group of genes involved in a particular metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile;
| | - Gino Corsini
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile;
| | - Sergio Lobos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Seelenfreund
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile
- Correspondence:
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21
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Genomic and Transcriptome Analyses of a Thermophilic Bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5 Isolated from Compost Reveal Its Enzymatic Basis for Lignocellulose Degradation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091357. [PMID: 32899798 PMCID: PMC7564440 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A lignocellulose-degrading strain isolated from thermophilic compost was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5, and found able to secrete considerable amounts of enzymes at optimal temperature (60 °C) and pH (7.5). One circular contig of 3.37 Mbp was assembled from raw data, and 3371 protein-coding genes were predicted. Clusters of orthologous groups (COG) analysis revealed various genes with functions in polymeric substrate degradation, especially for Carbohydrate Active enZymes (CAZymes), such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and glycosyl transferases (GTs). Furthermore, the transcriptional responses of B5 at different temperatures—with rice straw provided as the sole carbon source—were analyzed. The results revealed that B5 could resist high temperature by upregulating heat shock proteins (HSPs), enhancing protein synthesis, and decreasing carbon catabolism. Briefly, B5 possesses the ability of lignocellulose degradation, and might be considered a potential inoculant for improving composting efficiency.
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Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Sujarit K, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P, Jatuwong K, Vadthanarat S, Lumyong S. Cultivation of Mushrooms and Their Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production Through the Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122811. [PMID: 32570772 PMCID: PMC7355594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of agro-industrial waste is produced worldwide in various agricultural sectors and by different food industries. The disposal and burning of this waste have created major global environmental problems. Agro-industrial waste mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, all of which are collectively defined as lignocellulosic materials. This waste can serve as a suitable substrate in the solid-state fermentation process involving mushrooms. Mushrooms degrade lignocellulosic substrates through lignocellulosic enzyme production and utilize the degraded products to produce their fruiting bodies. Therefore, mushroom cultivation can be considered a prominent biotechnological process for the reduction and valorization of agro-industrial waste. Such waste is generated as a result of the eco-friendly conversion of low-value by-products into new resources that can be used to produce value-added products. Here, we have produced a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature. This overview has focused on the use of agro-industrial waste as a growth substrate for mushroom cultivation and lignocellulolytic enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanaporn Sujarit
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand;
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Agricultural Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Kritsana Jatuwong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Santhiti Vadthanarat
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +668-1881-3658
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Shruthi BR, Achur RNH, Nayaka Boramuthi T. Optimized Solid-State Fermentation Medium Enhances the Multienzymes Production from Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus clavatus. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2192-2206. [PMID: 32451686 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi play an important role in the production of a range of useful extracellular hydrolytic enzymes for wide industrial applications. The Western Ghats region is known for its rich microbial biodiversity and could be a potential source of several useful fungi that could be exploited for the production of industrially important enzymes. From this soil, we aimed at the isolation of multienzyme producing fungi, optimization of the culture conditions using solid-state fermentation (SSF), partial purification of enzymes and characterization by zymography. Out of seven fungal strains, two isolates, namely Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus clavatus, were found to produce amylase and cellulase enzymes maximally. The effect of different physicochemical parameters on the production of amylase and cellulase was investigated and the maximum production of multienzymes was achieved in wheat bran substrate. The newly formulated and optimized medium increased the multienzyme production in P. citrinum and A. clavatus as compared to medium with individually optimized parameters. Further, for the first time, different isoforms of amylase and cellulase have been identified from P. citrinum and A. clavatus by zymography. In summary, the present study showed that the filamentous fungi can utilize the industrial waste product such as wheat bran as the substrate for multienzymes production by SSF and could be a promising source of enzymes for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Rao Shruthi
- Department of Microbiology, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga District, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India
| | - Rajeshwara Nagappa Hegde Achur
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga District, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India
| | - Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi
- Department of Microbiology, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga District, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India.
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Agave Leaves as a Substrate for the Production of Cellulases by Penicillium sp . and the Obtainment of Reducing Sugars. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass can be used to obtain fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis, and also it serves as a carbon source to produce cellulases by solid-state fermentation. In this study, we propose the use of leaves of Agave salmiana as a carbon source to produce cellulases by the fungus Penicillium sp., isolated from the same plant. The crude enzymatic extract was used to obtain sugars from the hydrolysis of the parenchymal cells of the leaves. The enzymes produced were characterized (endoglucanase 14.4 U/g; exoglucanase 3.5 U/g; β-glucosidase 4.14 U/g). The enzymes showed activities at elevated temperatures: 50°C for endoglucanase and exoglucanase and 70°C for β-glucosidase. Furthermore, the crude enzymatic extract obtained was able to hydrolyze the parenchyma in 51.6% in 48 h. The evidence presented in this paper shows the potential of the agave leaves as a source of carbon in the production of enzymes by fermentation with the consequent production of reducing sugars. In addition, the enzymes produced by Penicillium sp. could be used in the production of bioethanol, since they work at high temperatures.
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25
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Composition of Synthesized Cellulolytic Enzymes Varied with the Usage of Agricultural Substrates and Microorganisms. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1695-1710. [PMID: 32206967 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated various agricultural lignocellulosic biomass and variety of fungi to produce cellulolytic enzymes cocktail to yield high amount of reducing sugars. Solid-state fermentation was performed using water hyacinth, paddy straw, corn straw, soybean husk/tops, wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse using fungi like Nocardiopsis sp. KNU, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium alone and in combination to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Water hyacinth produced (U ml-1) endoglucanase (51.13) and filter paperase (0.55), and corn straw produced (U ml-1) β-glucosidase (4.65), xylanase (113.32), and glucoamylase (41.27) after 7-day incubation using Nocardiopsis sp. KNU. Production of cellulolytic enzymes was altered due to addition of various nitrogen sources, metal ions, vitamins, and amino acids. The maximum cellulolytic enzymes were produced by P. chrysosporium (endoglucanase; 166.32 U ml-1 and exoglucanase; 12.20 U ml-1), and by T. viride (filter paperase; 1.57 U ml-1). Among all, co-culture of T. reesei, T. viride, A. flavus, and P. chrysosporium showed highest β-glucosidase (17.05 U ml-1). The highest xylanase (1129 U ml-1) was observed in T. viride + P. chrysosporium co-culture. This study revealed the dependency on substrate and microorganism to produce good quality enzyme cocktail to obtain maximum reducing sugars.
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Li J, Xu Y, Peng T, Zhong M, Hu Z. Enhanced Fermentable Sugar Production from Enteromorpha Polysaccharides by the Crude Enzymes of Vibrio sp. H11. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 29:66-73. [PMID: 32146468 DOI: 10.1159/000505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, large-scale outbreaks of the green alga Enteromorpha prolifera in China's offshore waters have posed a serious threat. This study aimed to improve Enteromorpha polysaccharide (EP) enzymatic sugar production using the hydrolase system of Vibrio sp. H11, an EP-utilizing microbial strain. Strain H11 was found to contain 711 carbohydrate-related genes, and 259 genes belong to glycoside hydrolases that have the potential to hydrolyze EP. To maximize the capability of strain H11 to hydrolyze EP, both the culture medium and the composition were optimized. Response surface methodology analysis showed that maximal enzymatic production from strain H11 was 8.43 U/mL after 26-h incubation. When 50 g/L of EP were treated with crude H11 enzyme, the concentration of fermentation sugars increased by 36.12%. Under these conditions, the hydrolysates were capable of generating 3,217 mL/L of biogas and 6.74 g/L of biosolvents, with increases of 28.17 and 7.29%, respectively, compared to controls. The combined application of the H11 enzymatic system and anaerobic fermentation has the potential to improve the comprehensive application of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China,
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Basak B, Saha S, Chatterjee PK, Ganguly A, Woong Chang S, Jeon BH. Pretreatment of polysaccharidic wastes with cellulolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for enhanced production of biohythane in a dual-stage process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122592. [PMID: 31869631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological pretreatment of polysaccharidic wastes (PWs) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to improve the digestibility and utilization of these valuable substrates in dual-stage biohythane production. In order to reduce the prolonged incubation time and loss of carbohydrate during the pretreatment of PWs with Aspergillus fumigatus, a systematic optimization using Taguchi methodology resulted in an unprecedented recovery of soluble carbohydrates (362.84 mg g-1) within 5 days. The disruption and fragmentation of lignocellulosic structures in PWs, and possible saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components, increased its digestibility. A dual-stage biohythane production with pretreated PWs showed increased yield (214.13 mL g-1 VSadded), which was 56% higher than the corresponding value with the untreated PWs. This resulted in 47% higher energy recovery as biohythane in pretreated biomass compared to untreated biomass. Optimized fungal pretreatment is, therefore, an effective method to improve the digestibility of PWs and its subsequent conversion to biohythane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; North-East Technology Development Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradip K Chatterjee
- Energy Research and Technology Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Amit Ganguly
- North-East Technology Development Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Kaur A, Rishi V, Soni SK, Rishi P. A novel multi-enzyme preparation produced from Aspergillus niger using biodegradable waste: a possible option to combat heterogeneous biofilms. AMB Express 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32086617 PMCID: PMC7035411 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by the microorganisms provides protection and stability to them when they are encased within biofilms. Heterogeneous polysaccharides form a major constituent of the EPS and are crucial for the formation and integrity of the biofilms/slime. Thus, breakdown of polysaccharides might help in dispersion of biofilms from abiotic surfaces. In the present study we isolated a fungus, Aspergillus niger APS, capable of concurrently producing a cocktail of carbohydrases and optimized the conditions for higher yields of all the enzymes by one variable at a time (OVAT) approach. The optimization studies resulted in 1.5 to 12 fold augmentation in the enzyme yields using biodegradable waste. Further, keeping in view the heterogeneous nature of polysaccharides in biofilm matrix, the in-house produced enzyme cocktail was used for the dispersal of biofilms formed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment with enzyme preparation caused 90.23 ± 4.0, 82.64 ± 5.0 and 76.32 ± 5.0% reduction of the biofilms formed by these organisms respectively which was also evidenced by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealing the loss of biofilm architecture. Interestingly, the enzyme cocktail could also remove viscous slime formed under natural conditions in the kitchen drainage pipe (KDP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on biotreatment of abiotic surfaces for removal of biofilms/slime formed under natural conditions. The study thus indicates the prospects of using multiple carbohydrases as an anti-biofouling agent on abiotic surfaces like equipments as well as implants/prostheses and pipelines.
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Adıgüzel AO. Production and characterization of thermo-, halo- and solvent-stable esterase from Bacillus mojavensis TH309. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1715370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Adıgüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letter Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
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30
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Yilmaz-Sercinoglu Z, Sayar NA. Process simulation-integrated optimization of lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Nguyen KA, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Penkhrue W, Lumyong S. Optimization of high endoglucanase yields production from polypore fungus, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 under solid-state fermentation using green tea waste. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.047183. [PMID: 31784423 PMCID: PMC6899011 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypores are diverse macrofungi that have been extensively studied for their lignocellulolytic enzyme production capabilities. Currently, these enzymes are being used for many industrial purposes. However, the high cost associated with their production is the main barrier to their broader application. This work aimed to study the optimal medium and conditions for endoglucanase production using solid state fermentation. Seven polypore strains were used for endoglucanase activity screening. The fermentation experiments were carried out in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks with green tea waste as a substrate. Notably, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 showed the best level of activity (38.62 IU/gds). Various parameters such as moisture content, nitrogen source, initial pH value, inoculum size and incubation time were considered to determine the optimal conditions for endoglucanase production. The optimal medium consisted of green tea leaves as a carbon source, beef extract as an organic nitrogen source, NH4H2PO4 as an inorganic nitrogen source, pH 7.0 and an incubation temperature at 30°C for 4 days resulted in a high enzyme yield with M. xanthopus strain KA038 (81.8 IU/gds).This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anh Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Master's Degree Program in Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand .,Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Shariq M, Sohail M. Citrus limetta peels: a promising substrate for the production of multienzyme preparation from a yeast consortium. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCitrus limettapeels (CLP), a waste material generated by juice industries, has scarcely been reported for the production of yeast enzymes. The study was conducted to obtain a multienzyme preparation from a yeast consortium under solid-state fermentation of CLP. The substrate, CLP, was pretreated using either acid or alkali, and factors affecting production of multienzyme were studied by generating two separate Plackett–Burman designs. Since, alkali-pretreated CLP yielded higher titers; therefore, significant factors affecting multienzyme preparation using this substrate were optimized by employing Box–Behnken design. The analysis revealed that under optimized conditions, i.e., cultivation of yeast strains for 72 h to alkali-pretreated CLP moistened with mineral salt medium having pH 5 yielded more than 10 IU mL−1of cellulase, xylanase, and amylase. The multienzyme was studied for its application to saccharify fruit and non-fruit wastes and for orange juice clarification. The data showed that the enzyme preparation could release 3.03 mg L−1 h−1of reducing sugars from various crude substrates and was able to reduce turbidity of orange juice by 11% with substantial decrease in viscosity and acidity. Hence, CLP appeared as a promising substrate to produce multienzyme preparation from yeast consortium.
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Lee FH, Wan SY, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z. Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4979. [PMID: 31600952 PMCID: PMC6834149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation via solid state fermentation (SSF) mediated by microorganisms is a promising approach to produce useful products from agricultural biomass. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are commonly found in fermented foods have been shown to exhibit extracellular proteolytic, β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase, and β-mannanase activities. Therefore, extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzyme activities of seven Lactobacillus plantarum strains (a prominent species of LAB) isolated from Malaysian foods were compared in this study. The biotransformation of palm kernel cake (PKC) biomass mediated by selected L. plantarum strains was subsequently conducted. The results obtained in this study exhibited the studied L. plantarum strains produced versatile multi extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities that were active from acidic to alkaline pH conditions. The highest total score of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities were recorded by L. plantarum RI11, L. plantarum RG11, and L. plantarum RG14. Therefore, they were selected for the subsequent biotransformation of PKC biomass via SSF. The hydrolytic enzyme activities of treated PKC extract were compared for each sampling interval. The scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of extracellular matrices around L. plantarum strains attached to the surface of PKC biomass during SSF, inferring that the investigated L. plantarum strains have the capability to grow on PKC biomass and perform synergistic secretions of various extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes that were essential for the effective biodegradation of PKC. The substantial growth of selected L. plamtraum strains on PKC during SSF revealed the promising application of selected L. plantarum strains as a biotransformation agent for cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Haw Lee
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suet Ying Wan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Khonngam T, Salakkam A. Bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse and dry spent yeast to ethanol through a sequential process consisting of solid-state fermentation, hydrolysis, and submerged fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Mulyaningtyas A, Sediawan WB. Effect of combined pretreatment of lignocellulose and the kinetics of its subsequent bioconversion by Aspergillus niger. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Ezeilo UR, Lee CT, Huyop F, Zakaria II, Wahab RA. Raw oil palm frond leaves as cost-effective substrate for cellulase and xylanase productions by Trichoderma asperellum UC1 under solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:206-217. [PMID: 31096173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of cellulases and xylanase by a novel Trichoderma asperellum UC1 (GenBank accession no. MF774876) under solid state fermentation (SSF) of raw oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) was optimized. Under optimum fermentation parameters (30 °C, 60-80% moisture content, 2.5 × 106 spores/g inoculum size) maximum CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase activity were recorded at 136.16 IU/g, 26.03 U/g, 130.09 IU/g and 255.01 U/g, respectively. Cellulases and xylanase were produced between a broad pH range of pH 6.0-12.0. The enzyme complex that comprised of four endo-β-1,4-xylanases and endoglucanases, alongside exoglucanase and β-glucosidase showed thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics at 50-60 °C and pH 3.0-4.0, respectively. Glucose (16.87 mg/g) and fructose (18.09 mg/g) were among the dominant sugar products from the in situ hydrolysis of OPFL, aside from cellobiose (105.92 mg/g) and xylose (1.08 mg/g). Thermal and pH stability tests revealed that enzymes CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase retained 50% residual activities for up to 15.18, 4.06, 17.47 and 15.16 h of incubation at 60 °C, as well as 64.59, 25.14, 68.59 and 19.20 h at pH 4.0, respectively. Based on the findings, it appeared that the unique polymeric structure of raw OPFL favored cellulases and xylanase productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna R Ezeilo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, PMB, 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, UTM Pagoh, Hub Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor. Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Natural Products and Drug Discovery Center, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Block 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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37
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Wang Q, Chen L, Fang C, Wang H, Shi Y, Zhao Y. The overexpression of one single cbh gene making Trichoderma asperellum T-1 a better cellulase producer. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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38
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Astolfi V, Astolfi AL, Mazutti MA, Rigo E, Di Luccio M, Camargo AF, Dalastra C, Kubeneck S, Fongaro G, Treichel H. Cellulolytic enzyme production from agricultural residues for biofuel purpose on circular economy approach. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:677-685. [PMID: 30661103 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the production of cellulolytic enzymes from different agricultural residues. The crude enzyme extract produced was characterized and applied for saccharification of some agricultural residues. Maximum cellulolytic activities were obtained using soybean hulls. All enzymatic activities were highly stable at 40 °C at a pH range of 4.5-5.5. For stability at low temperatures, the enzyme extract was stored at freezing temperature and cooling for about 290 days without major loss of activity. The Km values found for total cellulase (FPase), endoglucanase (CMCase), and xylanase were 19.73 mg ml-1, 0.65 mg ml-1, and 22.64 mg ml-1, respectively, and Vmax values were 0.82 mol min-1 mg-1, 0.62 mol min-1 mg-1, and 104.17 mol min-1 mg-1 to cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and xylan, respectively. In the saccharification tests, the total amount of total reducing sugars (TRS) released from 1 g of soybean hulls catalyzed by the enzymes present in the crude enzyme extract was 0.16 g g-1 dry substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Astolfi
- Department of Food Engineering, URI-Campus de Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, Erechim, RS, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Angela Luiza Astolfi
- Department of Food Engineering, URI-Campus de Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, Erechim, RS, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Elisandra Rigo
- Department of Food Engineering, UDESC, Linha Santa Terezinha, BR 282, km 573.7, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil
| | - Marco Di Luccio
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88800-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135-Km 72, 200, Erechim, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dalastra
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135-Km 72, 200, Erechim, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Kubeneck
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135-Km 72, 200, Erechim, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135-Km 72, 200, Erechim, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135-Km 72, 200, Erechim, 99700-000, Brazil.
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El-Hadi AA, El-Nour SA, Hammad A, Kamel Z, Anwar M. Optimization of cultural and nutritional conditionsfor carboxymethylcellulase productionby Aspergillus hortai. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. El-Hadi
- Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokii, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa Abu El-Nour
- Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Hammad
- Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinat Kamel
- Botany Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Anwar
- Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Review: Potensi mikrobial selulase, xilanase, dan protease dalam fermentasi kopi luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) secara in vitro. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.2.58-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kopi luwak adalah kopi bernilai tinggi dengan aroma dan rasa khas, yang dihasilkan dari biji kopi yang telah difermentasi sebagian dalam sistem pencernaan luwak (Paradoxurus hermaprodithus). Tingginya permintaan kopi ini dan produksi alami yang unik berimplikasi pada praktek pemaksaan dan penyiksaan hewan luwak, serta adanya kontroversi status kehalalan produk. Fermentasi in vitro menggunakan selulase, xilanase, dan protease yang diisolasi dari kotoran luwak tampaknya dapat menjadi alternatif proses untuk menghindari masalah pelecehan hewan, menjamin kehalalan produk serta memastikan keberlanjutan produksi kopi luwak. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meringkas dan mensintesis peran tiga enzim ini (selulase, xilanase, dan protease) dalam fermentasi in vitro kopi luwak dan pengaruhnya pada karakteristik kimia dan sensori berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian terbaru. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi in vitro menggunakan selulase, xilanase, dan protease. biji kopi menghasilkan karakteristik kimia dan sensorik yang sama dengan yang dihasilkan melalui proses alami yang melibatkan hewan luwak.
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Miao J, Wang M, Ma L, Li T, Huang Q, Liu D, Shen Q. Effects of amino acids on the lignocellulose degradation by Aspergillus fumigatus Z5: insights into performance, transcriptional, and proteomic profiles. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:4. [PMID: 30622646 PMCID: PMC6318881 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a ubiquitous filamentous fungal, Aspergillus spp. play a critical role in lignocellulose degradation, which was also defined as considerable cell factories for organic acids and industrially relevant enzymes producer. Nevertheless, the production of various extracellular enzymes can be influenced by different factors including nitrogen source, carbon source, cultivation temperature, and initial pH value. Thus, this study aims to reveal how amino acids affect the decomposition of lignocellulose by Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 through transcriptional and proteomics methods. RESULTS The activities of several lignocellulosic enzymes secreted by A. fumigatus Z5 adding with cysteine, methionine, and ammonium sulfate were determined with the chromatometry method. The peak of endo-glucanase (7.33 ± 0.03 U mL-1), exo-glucanase (10.50 ± 0.07 U mL-1), β-glucosidase (21.50 ± 0.22 U mL-1), and xylanase (76.43 ± 0.71 U mL-1) were all obtained in the Cys treatment. The secretomes of A. fumigatus Z5 under different treatments were also identified by LC-MS/MS, and 227, 256 and 159 different proteins were identified in the treatments of Cys, Met, and CK (Control, treatment with ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source), respectively. Correlation analysis results of transcriptome and proteome data with fermentation profiles showed that most of the cellulose-degrading enzymes including cellulases, hemicellulases and glycoside hydrolases were highly upregulated when cysteine was added to the growth medium. In particular, the enzymes that convert cellulose into cellobiose appear to be upregulated. This study could increase knowledge of lignocellulose bioconversion pathways and fungal genetics. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome and proteome analyses' results indicated that cysteine could significantly promote the secretion of lignocellulosic enzymes of an efficient lignocellulosic decomposing strain, A. fumigatus Z5. The possible reason for these results is that Z5 preferred to use amino acids such as cysteine to adapt to the external environment through upregulating carbon-related metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Miao
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Tuo Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095 China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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An Insight into Fungal Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Morais TPD, Barbosa PMG, Garcia NFL, Rosa-Garzon NGD, Fonseca GG, Paz MFD, Cabral H, Leite RSR. Catalytic and thermodynamic properties of β-glucosidases produced by Lichtheimia corymbifera and Byssochlamys spectabilis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:777-786. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1509083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pereira de Morais
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paula Mirella Gomes Barbosa
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nayara Fernanda Lisboa Garcia
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nathália Gonsales da Rosa-Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Gustavo Graciano Fonseca
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fossa da Paz
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Simões Ribeiro Leite
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Fermentation Processes, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FCBA/UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Yadav S, Dubey SK. Cellulose degradation potential of Paenibacillus lautus strain BHU3 and its whole genome sequence. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:124-131. [PMID: 29702421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study cellulose degradation and whole genome sequence of Paenibacillus lautus BHU3 isolate. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed genetic relatedness (99%) of Iso 7 with Paenibacillus lautus, Iso 8 with Paenibacillus lactis, and Iso 9 with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Clear zone formation followed by CMCase and FPase assays exhibited cellulolytic potential in the order: P. lautus > P. lactis > B. amyloliquefaciens. The most potent isolate, Paenibacillus lautus strain BHU3 was subjected to whole genome analysis with reference to the genomic basis of cellulose degradation. Results showed that P. lautus strain BHU3 contains 6234 protein coding genes of which, 316 were associated with the carbohydrate metabolism. Further, genomic CAZymes analysis indicated that the P. lautus strain BHU3 comprising a range of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family genes (143), may play the vital role(s) in enhancing the cellulolytic attributes, and could be the useful tool for lignocellulosic biomass degradation and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Bispo A, Andrade J, Souza D, Teles Z, Nascimento R. UTILIZATION OF AGROINDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS AS SUBSTRATE IN ENDOGLUCANASE PRODUCTION BY Streptomyces diastaticus PA-01 UNDER SUBMERGED FERMENTATION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.S.R. Bispo
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - J.P. Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - D.T. Souza
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Z.N.S. Teles
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
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Bhatnagar JM, Peay KG, Treseder KK. Litter chemistry influences decomposition through activity of specific microbial functional guilds. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabir G. Peay
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Kathleen K. Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
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Paramjeet S, Manasa P, Korrapati N. Biofuels: Production of fungal-mediated ligninolytic enzymes and the modes of bioprocesses utilizing agro-based residues. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Xu X, Lin M, Zang Q, Shi S. Solid state bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues by Inonotus obliquus for production of cellulolytic enzymes and saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:88-95. [PMID: 28946099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
White rot fungi have been usually considered for lignin degradation and ligninolytic enzyme production. To understand whether the white rot fungus Inonotus obliquus was able to produce highly efficient cellulase system, the production of cellulolytic enzyme cocktails was optimized under solid state fermentation. The activities of CMCase, FPase, and β-glucosidase reached their maximum of 27.15IU/g, 3.16IU/g and 2.53IU/g using wheat bran at 40% (v/w) inoculum level, initial pH of 6.0 and substrate-moisture ratio of 1:2.5, respectively. The enzyme cocktail exhibited promising properties in terms of high catalytic activity at 40-60°C and at pH 3.0-4.5, indicating that the cellulolytic enzymes represent thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics. Saccharification of raw wheat straw and rice straw by the cellulolytic enzyme cocktail sampled on Day 12 resulted in the release of reducing sugar of 130.24mg/g and 125.36mg/g of substrate after 48h of hydrolysis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China.
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Qiang Zang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Song Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
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Immobilization of Cellulase on a Functional Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Support: Stability and Kinetic Study. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Alfa fibers ( Stipa tenacissima ) using β- d -glucosidase and xylanase of Talaromyces thermophilus from solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:543-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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