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Hu Y, Guo J, An D, Qian Y, Chen J, Zhou Z. Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge via Mg-air battery system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171805. [PMID: 38508262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A pressing issue in contemporary society is the resource scarcity of phosphorus. Operating on the principle of electrochemical reactions between Mg as the anode and oxygen from air as the cathode, Mg-air batteries (MAB) have been employed to provide new prospects for phosphorus recovery in struvite form. Different phosphorus concentrations and reaction time impact struvite generation in MAB systems; however, the exact mechanism has rarely been investigated. We investigated how varying the initial phosphorus concentration and the reaction time affects phosphorus recovery, electricity generation, and the efficiency of struvite production in MAB. Additionally, we examine the impact of solid carbon sources on phosphorus transformation in sludge. The findings revealed that the incorporation of solid carbon sources facilitated the release of phosphate by changing phosphorus speciation. The electrolyte derived from the conditioned sludge filtrate exhibited a remarkable phosphorus removal efficiency of 91.7 % within 1 h, yielding the highest struvite purity of ∼70 %, whereas that using raw sludge filtrate or extending the reaction time was found to be less effective, even reducing struvite formation. Furthermore, different electrolytes influence the system's ability to passivate anode, and electrolytes with higher phosphorus concentrations have better electricity production performance. The results by Visual MINTEQ model confirmed that longer reaction times and lower initial phosphorus concentrations can negatively affect struvite formation by introducing Mg3(PO4)2 and Mg(OH)2. The integration of agricultural waste as carbon sources with MAB for phosphorus recovery represents a potential methodology for struvite recuperation from sewage sludge, thereby heralding a sustainable strategy for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yunkun Qian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Shanghai Environment Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhanghua Zhou
- Shanghai Youlian Zhuyuan First Sewage Treatment Investment Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200125, China
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2
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Tai Y, Wang L, Hu Z, Dang Y, Guo Y, Ji X, Hu W, Li M. Efficient phosphorus recovery as struvite by microbial electrolysis cell with stainless steel cathode: Struvite purity and experimental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156914. [PMID: 35753464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from waste streams is an essential choice due to the coming global P crisis. One promising solution is to recover P by microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Both the P recovery effectiveness and product quality are of critical importance for application. In this study, a two-chamber MEC was constructed and the effects of applied voltage, NaAc concentration, Mg/P molar ratio, N/P molar ratio, and initial P concentration on P recovery and product purity were explored. The maximum P recovery efficiency of 99.64 % and crystal accumulation rate over 106.49 g/m3-d were achieved. Struvite (MAP) was confirmed as the final recovered product and the purity obtained could reach up to 99.95 %. Besides, higher applied voltage, N/P molar ratio and initial P concentration could promote P recovery efficiency, while the purity of MAP showed correlation with applied voltage, Mg/P molar ratio, N/P molar ratio and initial P concentration. The correlation between NaAc concentration and both of the above was not very significant. A lower energy consumption of 4.1 kWh/kg P was observed at the maximum P recovery efficiency. In addition, the efficiency of P recovery from real wastewater also could reach nearly 88.25 %. These results highlight the promising potential of efficient phosphorus recovery from P-rich wastewater by MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Tai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center (Shanghai), China Three Gorges Corporation, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Xiaonan Ji
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center (Shanghai), China Three Gorges Corporation, Shanghai 200335, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center (Shanghai), China Three Gorges Corporation, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Electrochemical recovery of phosphate from synthetic wastewater with enhanced salinity. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Microbial Electrolysis Cell as a Diverse Technology: Overview of Prospective Applications, Advancements, and Challenges. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have been explored for various applications, including the removal of industrial pollutants, wastewater treatment chemical synthesis, and biosensing. On the other hand, MEC technology is still in its early stages and faces significant obstacles regarding practical large-scale implementations. MECs are used for energy generation and hydrogen peroxide, methane, hydrogen/biohydrogen production, and pollutant removal. This review aimed to investigate the aforementioned uses in order to better understand the different applications of MECs in the following scenarios: MECs for energy generation and recycling, such as hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen peroxide; contaminant removal, particularly complex organic and inorganic contaminants; and resource recovery. MEC technology was examined in terms of new concepts, configuration optimization, electron transfer pathways in biocathodes, and coupling with other technologies for value-added applications, such as MEC anaerobic digestion, combined MEC–MFC, and others. The goal of the review was to help researchers and engineers understand the most recent developments in MEC technologies and applications.
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Kékedy-Nagy L, English L, Anari Z, Abolhassani M, Pollet BG, Popp J, Greenlee LF. Electrochemical nutrient removal from natural wastewater sources and its impact on water quality. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:118001. [PMID: 34974342 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a suite of natural wastewater sources is tested to understand the effects of wastewater composition and source on electrochemically driven nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient removal. Kinetics, electrode behavior, and removal efficiency were evaluated during electrochemical precipitation, whereby a sacrificial magnesium (Mg) anode was used to drive precipitation of ammonium and phosphate. The electrochemical reactor demonstrated fast kinetics in the natural wastewater matrices, removing up to 54% of the phosphate present in natural wastewater within 1 min, with an energy input of only 0.04 kWh.m-3. After 1 min, phosphate removal followed a zero-order rate law in the 1 min - 30 min range. The zero-order rate constant (k) appears to depend upon differences in wastewater composition, where a faster rate constant is associated with higher Cl- and NH4+ concentrations, lower Ca2+ concentrations, and higher organic carbon content. The sacrificial Mg anode showed the lowest corrosion resistance in the natural industrial wastewater source, with an increased corrosion rate (vcorr) of 15.8 mm.y-1 compared to 1.9-3.5 mm.y-1 in municipal wastewater sources, while the Tafel slopes (β) showed a direct correlation with the natural wastewater composition and origin. An overall improvement of water quality was observed where important water quality parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity showed a significant decrease. An economic analysis revealed costs based upon experimental Mg consumption are estimated to range from 0.19 $.m-3 to 0.30 $.m-3, but costs based upon theoretical Mg consumption range from 0.09 $.m-3 to 0.18 $.m-3. Overall, this study highlights that water chemistry parameters control nutrient recovery, while electrochemical treatment does not directly produce potable water, and that economic analysis should be based upon experimentally-determined Mg consumption data. Synopsis Statement: Magnesium-driven electrochemical precipitation of natural wastewater sources enables fast kinetics for phosphate removal at low energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kékedy-Nagy
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Center of Structural and Functional Genomics, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Leah English
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 217 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Zahra Anari
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 121 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA 16802 United States
| | - Mojtaba Abolhassani
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Green Hydrogen Lab, Hydrogen Research Institute, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Jennie Popp
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 217 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Lauren F Greenlee
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 121 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA 16802 United States.
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6
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Ji X, Liu X, Yang W, Xu T, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang L, Mao X, Wang X. Sustainable phosphorus recovery from wastewater and fertilizer production in microbial electrolysis cells using the biochar-based cathode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150881. [PMID: 34627919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the energy consumption and electrode cost for electrochemical recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater is crucial for the large-scale application. In this study, biochar electrodes were investigated as the low-cost cathode in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and this P-enriched biochar electrode was directly retrieved as P fertilizer after wastewater treatment. The Fe2+ salt modified biochar significantly increased the electrochemical performance of MECs due to the improved electrical conductivity and cathodic activity. Compared to the pristine biochar cathode, the current density of the MEC increased from 16.8 ± 0.2 A/m3 to 20.7 ± 0.8 A/m3, and the P removal increased from 28.8% ± 1% to 62.4% ± 3.5%. The power consumption was 0.25 ± 0.01 kWh/kg P which was more than one order of magnitude lower than the previous report. It was also demonstrated that the P enriched biochar amended soil improved the Pakchoi cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Longmian Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, No. 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Kuntke P, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN, Lei Y. Electrochemically mediated precipitation of phosphate minerals for phosphorus removal and recovery: Progress and perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117891. [PMID: 34875541 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for the growth and reproduction of organisms. Unfortunately, the natural P cycle has been broken by the overexploitation of P ores and the associated discharge of P into water bodies, which may trigger the eutrophication of water bodies in the short term and possible P shortage soon. Consequently, technologies emerged to recover P from wastewater to mitigate pollution and exploit secondary P resources. Electrochemically induced phosphate precipitation has the merit of achieving P recovery without dosing additional chemicals via creating a localized high pH environment near the cathode. We critically reviewed the development of electrochemically induced precipitation systems toward P removal and recovery over the past ten years. We summarized and discussed the effects of pH, current density, electrode configuration, and water matrix on the performance of electrochemical systems. Next to ortho P, we identified the potential and illustrated the mechanism of electrochemical P removal and recovery from non-ortho P compounds by combined anodic or anode-mediated oxidation and cathodic reduction (precipitation). Furthermore, we assessed the economic feasibility of electrochemical methods and concluded that they are more suitable for treating acidic P-rich waste streams. Despite promising potentials and significant progress in recent years, the application of electrochemical systems toward P recovery at a larger scale requires further research and development. Future work should focus on evaluating the system's performance under long-term operation, developing an automatic process for harvesting P deposits, and performing a detailed economic and life-cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kuntke
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China; Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Wang L, Gu K, Zhang Y, Sun J, Gu Z, Zhao B, Hu C. Enhanced struvite generation and separation by magnesium anode electrolysis coupled with cathode electrodeposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150101. [PMID: 34517320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adding magnesium ions (Mg2+) to produce struvite is an important method to recover nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Both the Mg2+ source and subsequent separation of struvite are key factors for the utilization of struvite. In this study, we developed an efficient method to recover nutrient salts from wastewater using sacrificial Mg anodes to generate struvite, with its simultaneous separation through cathode electrodeposition. The anode-released Mg2+ reacted with NH4+-N and PO43--P in bulk solution to form struvite, which was more intense on the cathode surface due to the relatively higher pH environment from hydrogen evolution, resulting in most of the struvite being deposited on the cathode surface and simultaneously separated out of the bulk solution. Using a cathode with a higher solution-cathode interface area and relatively low current density facilitated struvite deposition. Results showed that under optimal electrolysis condition (5.76 A/m2, pH 8.5, 180 min, and 1.2:1.0 Mg:P), 91% of the undissolved substances as the phosphate precipitation were deposited on the graphite cathode surface, and the proportion of struvite in the deposition reached 41.52%. This study provides a novel electrochemical method for struvite synthesis and separation for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Kanghui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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9
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El-Qelish M, Mahmoud M. Overcoming organic matter limitation enables high nutrient recovery from sewage sludge reject water in a self-powered microbial nutrient recovery cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149851. [PMID: 34464808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet the global demand of fertilizers for food production, there is an urgent need to recover macronutrients (such as NH4+, PO43-, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+) from non-conventional sources (e.g., waste streams). Sludge reject water - a by-product produced during the dewatering of anaerobically-stabilized sewage sludge - is considered an ideal feedstock for bioelectrochemical nutrient recovery due to its high nutrient content. However, its low readily available organic matter and alkalinity usually limit electric current generation, resulting in low nutrient recovery. Here, we designed and operated self-powered microbial nutrient recovery cells (MNRCs) to test whether or not the addition of high-strength livestock wastewater could improve the macronutrients recovery from sludge reject water into a liquid concentrate. MNRCs fed with sludge reject water exhibited a low current density generation of 0.98 ± 0.31 A/m3 with approximately 24 ± 2% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The NH4+ removal was only 37.1 ± 11% with an up-concentration factor of ~0.43 ± 0.15. Macronutrients recovery and up-concentration were optimized by mixing sludge reject water with livestock wastewater, which its content varied from 10 to 30%. Consequently, the current output and NH4+ up-concentration factor were remarkably increased, peaking at 14.10 ± 1.14 A/m3 and 2.19 ± 0.51, respectively, for MNRCs fed with sludge reject water:livestock wastewater = 70%:30% (v:v). Detailed analysis of the liquid concentrate revealed that it could be efficiently used as a liquid fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers with comparable agricultural productivity at a lower cost. These results suggest that the MNRC can promote self-powered, chemical-free macronutrients recovery from sludge reject water (and other low-strength wastewater, too) by controlling the availability of organic matter in waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Qelish
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
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10
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Ammonium and Phosphate Recovery in a Three Chambered Microbial Electrolysis Cell: Towards Obtaining Struvite from Livestock Manure. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia and phosphate, which are present in large quantities in waste streams such as livestock manure, are key compounds in fertilization activities. Their recovery will help close natural cycles and take a step forward in the framework of a circular economy. In this work, a lab-scale three-chambered microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been operated in continuous mode for the recovery of ammonia and phosphate from digested pig slurry in order to obtain a nutrient concentrated solution as a potential source of fertilizer (struvite). The maximum average removal efficiencies for ammonium and phosphate were 20% ± 4% and 36% ± 10%, respectively. The pH of the recovered solution was below 7, avoiding salt precipitation in the reactor. According to Visual MINTEQ software modelling, an increase of pH value to 8 outside the reactor would be enough to recover most of the potential struvite (0.21 mmol L−1 d−1), while the addition of up to 0.2 mM of magnesium to the nutrient recovered solution would enhance struvite production from 5.6 to 17.7 mM. The application of three-chambered MECs to the recovery of nutrients from high strength wastewater is a promising technology to avoid ammonia production through industrial processes or phosphate mineral extraction and close nutrient natural cycles.
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11
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The effect of anode degradation on energy demand and production efficiency of electrochemically precipitated struvite. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Microbial Fuel Cell for Energy Production, Nutrient Removal and Recovery from Wastewater: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is facing serious threats from the depletion of non-renewable energy resources, freshwater shortages and food scarcity. As the world population grows, the demand for fresh water, energy, and food will increase, and the need for treating and recycling wastewater will rise. In the past decade, wastewater has been recognized as a resource as it primarily consists of water, energy-latent organics and nutrients. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have attracted considerable attention due to their versatility in their applications in wastewater treatment, power generation, toxic pollutant removal, environmental monitoring sensors, and more. This article provides a review of MFC technologies applied to the removal and/or recovery of nutrients (such as P and N), organics (COD), and bioenergy (as electricity) from various wastewaters. This review aims to provide the current perspective on MFCs, focusing on the recent advancements in the areas of nutrient removal and/or recovery with simultaneous power generation.
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13
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Jugnia LB, Manno D, Vidales AG, Hrapovic S, Tartakovsky B. Selenite and selenate removal in a permeable flow-through bioelectrochemical barrier. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124431. [PMID: 33189466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the removal of selenite and selenate in flow-through permeable bioelectrochemical barriers (microbial electrolysis cells, MECs). The bioelectrochemical barriers consisted of cathode and anode electrode compartments filled with granular carbon or metallurgical coke. A voltage of 1.4 V was applied to the electrodes to enable the bioelectrochemical removal of selenium species. For comparison, a similarly designed permeable anaerobic biobarrier filled with granular carbon was operated without voltage. All biobarrier setups were fed with water containing up to 5,000 µg L-1 of either selenite or selenate and 70 mg L-1 of acetate as a source of organic carbon. Significant removal of selenite and selenate was observed in MEC experimental setups, reaching 99.5-99.8% over the course of the experiment, while in the anaerobic biobarrier the removal efficiency did not exceed 88%. By simultaneously operating several setups and changing operating parameters (selenium species, influent Se and acetate concentrations, etc.) we demonstrated enhanced removal of Se species under bioelectrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-B Jugnia
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada.
| | - Dominic Manno
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Abraham Gomez Vidales
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sabahudin Hrapovic
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Boris Tartakovsky
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
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Song YH, Hidayat S, Effendi AJ, Park JY. Simultaneous hydrogen production and struvite recovery within a microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cell. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Kim B, Jang N, Lee M, Jang JK, Chang IS. Microbial fuel cell driven mineral rich wastewater treatment process for circular economy by creating virtuous cycles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124254. [PMID: 33120066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study for concurrent harvesting bioelectricity and struvite mineral from mineral rich wastewater containing with nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) contents using MFCs and a chemical precipitation system. Whole reaction was constructed to sequentially run hybrid reactor (consisting of MFCs and struvite precipitation), gravitational sedimentation, nitrogen purging and MFCs. The MFCs generated around 6.439 ± 0.481 mA and 2.084 ± 0.310 mW as Imax and Pmax, respectively under 2g/l of COD. More than 70% of C source, and around 95% of P and N sources have been removed. Struvite mineral was precipitated in the hybrid reactor after the injection of Mg2+ and collected in sedimentation tank. Economic feasibility and beneficial concerns were carefully investigated, and it is proposed for applications in the "decentralised treatment process" of agriculture and livestock wastewater in order to realise circular and strong economy in agriculture by creating virtuous cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyu Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nulee Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungyu Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Jang
- Energy and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seop Chang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Elmaadawy K, Liu B, Hu J, Hou H, Yang J. Performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell for landfill leachate treatment: Research updates and synergistic effects of hybrid systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 96:1-20. [PMID: 32819684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over half of century, sanitary landfill was and is still the most economical treatment strategy for solid waste disposal, but the environmental risks associated with the leachate have brought attention of scientists for its proper treatment to avoid surface and ground water deterioration. Most of the treatment technologies are energy-negative and cost intensive processes, which are unable to meet current environmental regulations. There are continuous demands of alternatives concomitant with positive energy and high effluent quality. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were launched in the last two decades as a potential treatment technology with bioelectricity generation accompanied with simultaneous carbon and nutrient removal. This study reviews capability and mechanisms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal from landfill leachate through MFC technology, as well as summarizes and discusses the recent advances of standalone and hybrid MFCs performances in landfill leachate (LFL) treatment. Recent improvements and synergetic effect of hybrid MFC technology upon the increasing of power densities, organic and nutrient removal, and future challenges were discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elmaadawy
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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Advances in Struvite Precipitation Technologies for Nutrients Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Waste and Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abatement of nutrient compounds from aqueous waste and wastewater is currently a priority issue. Indeed, the uncontrolled discharge of high levels of nutrients into water bodies causes serious deteriorations of environmental quality. On the other hand, the increasing request of nutrient compounds for agronomic utilizations makes it strictly necessary to identify technologies able to recover the nutrients from wastewater streams so as to avoid the consumption of natural resources. In this regard, the removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from aqueous waste and wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) represents an attractive approach. Indeed, through the struvite precipitation it is possible to effectively remove the ammonium and phosphate content of many types of wastewater and to produce a solid compound, with only a trace of impurities. This precipitate, due to its chemical characteristics, represents a valuable multi-nutrients slow release fertilizer for vegetables and plants growth. For these reasons, the struvite precipitation technology constantly progresses on several aspects of the process. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the recent developments in this technology for the removal and recovery of nutrients from aqueous waste and wastewater. The theoretical background, the parameters, and the operating conditions affecting the process evolution are initially presented. After that, the paper focuses on the reagents exploitable to promote the process performance, with particular regard to unconventional low-cost compounds. In addition, the development of reactors configurations, the main technologies implemented on field scale, as well as the recent works on the use of struvite in agronomic practices are presented.
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19
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Wu B, Dai X, Chai X. Critical review on dewatering of sewage sludge: Influential mechanism, conditioning technologies and implications to sludge re-utilizations. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 180:115912. [PMID: 32422413 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (mainly composed of excessive bio-sludge) is an inevitable by-product of biological wastewater treatment process and contains various toxic substances, such as pathogens, heavy metals, and organic contaminants. The production of sewage sludge may cause serious pollution risks without appropriate disposals. As the essential step of sludge treatment, dewatering plays significant roles in minimizing the sludge volume, facilitating the transportation, increasing the calorific value and even reducing the leachate production in landfill sites. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the issues related to dewatering of sewage sludge. Section 1 starts with the environmental implications of sludge dewatering. Section 2 deals with the concepts and challenges about differentiation of bound water fractions, and also reviews the recent progress of in-situ visualization of water occurrence states in bio-flocs. Section 3 discusses about how various physiochemical properties influence the sludge dewaterability, and the insufficiency in in-situ micro-characterization of sludge constituents is pointed out. Section 4 reviews the existing conditioning technologies for sludge dewaterability improvement, and the advantages/disadvantages of each technology in terms of applicable occasions, material consumption, energy consumption and environmental impacts are evaluated. The last section (section 5) specifically analyzes the feasibility of integrating sludge dewatering and re-utilization, and raises attention to the potential environmental risks of dewatering conditioning. Based on the above discussion, we propose that a unified theory for sludge dewaterability improvement remains to be established. Especially, how the molecular structures of sludge compositions affect the solid-water interface behavior requires to be deepened, which will further unravel the mechanism behind strong water-holding capacities of bio-flocs. Additionally, we believe that the key challenges for sludge dewatering is how to select the appropriate conditioning technique according to the physiochemical properties of target sludge. The reliable indicators for real-time control of conditioning operations are still deficient, e.g., dynamic dosage control of conditioning chemicals. Accordingly, the potential environmental risks of excessive conditioning chemicals should be taken into more consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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20
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Zubair M, Wang S, Zhang P, Ye J, Liang J, Nabi M, Zhou Z, Tao X, Chen N, Sun K, Xiao J, Cai Y. Biological nutrient removal and recovery from solid and liquid livestock manure: Recent advance and perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122823. [PMID: 31987489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development of livestock industry produces large amount of livestock manure rich in nutrients, organic matters, antibiotics, and heavy metals, thus imposes great harms to human and environment, if the manure is not suitably treated. Biological removal and recovery of nutrients from manure as agriculture fertilizer is attractive due to low cost and simple operation. This review offers an overview of recent development in biological nutrient removal and recovery from livestock manure. Livestock manure is divided into solid manure and liquid manure. Composting and anaerobic digestion of solid manure are fully discussed and important parameters are investigated. Then various processes of nutrient removal and recovery from liquid manure are summarized. Brief economic sustainability and eco-environmental effects are carried out. Finally, current challenges and future prospects in this field are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junpei Ye
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mohammad Nabi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyan Zhou
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junhong Xiao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajing Cai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Hou H, Li Z, Liu B, Liang S, Xiao K, Zhu Q, Hu S, Yang J, Hu J. Biogas and phosphorus recovery from waste activated sludge with protocatechuic acid enhanced Fenton pretreatment, anaerobic digestion and microbial electrolysis cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135274. [PMID: 31822422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biogas and phosphorus recovery from waste activated sludge (WAS) with sequential homogeneous protocatechuic acid (PCA) enhanced Fenton pretreatment, anaerobic digestion (AD) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) were investigated. The cumulation of biogas production of WAS-Fenton-AD was 330.4 mL/g VS, which was 2.05-fold of the control without pretreatment (WAS-AD) during anaerobic digestion. Biogas production of 178 mL/L/d from WAS-Fenton-AD-MEC was achieved, which was 5.23-fold of the WAS-MEC, 2.28-fold of WAS-Fenton-MEC and 1.46-fold of WAS-AD-MEC, respectively. Enhanced phosphorus recovery in form of struvite reached 1.72 g/g TS (18.03% of total P) with a purity of 74.4%. Microbial community richness and diversity analysis revealed that the pretreatment process under circumneutral condition improved the diversity of microbial community, which was consisted of Bacteroidetes (33.90%), Proteobacteria (33.14%), and Chloroflexi (10.14%), compared to a majority of Firmicutes (70.81%) in WAS-AD. This study provides a feasible strategy for the recovery of biogas combined with phosphorus from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qian Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shaogang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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22
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Lei Y, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN. Electrochemically mediated calcium phosphate precipitation from phosphonates: Implications on phosphorus recovery from non-orthophosphate. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115206. [PMID: 31669898 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonates are an important type of phosphorus-containing compounds and have possible eutrophication potential. Therefore, the removal of phosphonates from waste streams is as important as orthophosphate. Herein, we achieved simultaneously removal and recovery of phosphorus from nitrilotris (methylene phosphonic acid) (NTMP) using an electrochemical cell. It was found that the C-N and C-P bonds of NTMP were cleaved at the anode, leading to the formation of orthophosphate and formic acid. Meanwhile, the converted orthophosphate reacted with coexisting calcium ions and precipitated on the cathode as recoverable calcium phosphate solids, due to an electrochemically induced high pH region near the cathode. Electrochemical removal of NTMP (30 mg/L) was more efficient when dosed to effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (89% in 24 h) than dosed to synthetic solutions of 1.0 mM Ca and 50 mM Na2SO4 (43% in 168 h) while applying a current density of 28 A/m2 and using a Pt anode and Ti cathode. The higher removal efficiency of NTMP in real waste water is due to the presence of chloride ions, which resulted in anodic formation of chlorine. This study establishes a one-step approach for simultaneously phosphorus removal and recovery of calcium phosphate from non-orthophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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23
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Guan X, She L, Xiang P, Xia S, Zhang Z. Bioelectrochemical acidolysis of magnesia to induce struvite crystallization for recovering phosphorus from aqueous solution. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:119-128. [PMID: 31471018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel struvite crystallization method induced by bioelectrochemical acidolysis of magnesia (MgO) was investigated to recover phosphorus (P) from aqueous solution using a dual-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (DMEC). Magnesium ion (Mg2+) in the anolyte was firstly confirmed to automatically migrate from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber, and then react with ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-) in the catholyte to form struvite. Recovery efficiency of 17.8%-60.2% was obtained with the various N/P ratios in the catholyte. When MgO (low solubility under alkali conditions) was added into the anolyte, the bioelectrochemical acidolysis of MgO naturally took place and the released Mg2+ induced struvite crystallization in the cathode chamber for P recovery likewise. Besides, there was a strong linear positive correlation between the recovery efficiency and the MgO dosage (R2 = 0.935), applied voltage (R2 = 0.969) and N/P ratio (R2 = 0.905). Increasing the applied voltage was found to enhance the P recovery via promoting the MgO acidolysis and the released Mg2+ migration, while increasing the N/P ratio in the catholyte enhanced the P recovery via promoting the struvite crystallization. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of the system was promoted due to more stable anolyte pH and lower pH gradient between the two chambers. Current density was promoted by 10%, while the COD removal efficiency was improved from 78.2% to 91.8% in the anode chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 200432, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu She
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengyu Xiang
- Zhejiang Weiming Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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24
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Liu Y, Ni BJ, Zhang X. Microbial fuel cell for nutrient recovery and electricity generation from municipal wastewater under different ammonium concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121992. [PMID: 31430674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a dual-compartment microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed and continuously operated under different influent concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen (5-40 mg/L). The impacts of ammonium on organics removal, energy output and nutrient recovery were investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that this MFC reactor achieved a CDO removal efficiency of greater than 85%. Moreover, excess ammonium concentration in the feed solution compromises the generation of electricity. Simultaneously, the recovery rate of phosphate achieved in the MFC was insignificantly influenced at the wider influent ammonium concentration. In contrast, a high concentration of ammonium may not be beneficial for its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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25
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Jugnia L, Manno D, Hendry M, Tartakovsky B. Removal of heavy metals in a flow‐through vertical microbial electrolysis cell. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis‐B. Jugnia
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research CentreNational Research Council Canada 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal QC Canada
| | - Dominic Manno
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research CentreNational Research Council Canada 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal QC Canada
| | - Meghan Hendry
- National Defence Garrison Petawawa 4 CDSG Environmental Services 101 Menin Road, Building S‐600 P.O. Box 9999 Stn Main, Petawawa ON Canada
| | - Boris Tartakovsky
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research CentreNational Research Council Canada 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal QC Canada
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Zhang Z, She L, Zhang J, Wang Z, Xiang P, Xia S. Electrochemical acidolysis of magnesite to induce struvite crystallization for recovering phosphorus from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:307-315. [PMID: 30939369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel struvite crystallization method induced by electrochemical acidolysis of cheap magnesite was investigated to recover phosphorus from aqueous solution. Magnesite was confirmed to continuously dissolve in the anolyte whose pH stabilized at about 2. Driven by the electrical field force, over 90% of the released Mg2+ migrated to the cathode chamber via passing through the cation exchange membrane. The pH of the phosphate-containing aqueous solution in the cathode chamber was elevated to the appropriate pH fit for struvite crystallization. The products were identified as struvite crystals by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Increasing the magnesite dosage from 0.83 to 3.33 g L-1 promoted the phosphorus recovery efficiency from 2.2% to 78.3% at 3 d, which was attributed to sufficient Mg2+ supply. Increasing the applied voltage from 3 to 6 V improved the recovery efficiency from 43.6% to 76.4% at 1 d, since the enhanced current density of the electrochemical system markedly accelerated both the magnesite acidolysis and the catholyte pH elevation. The initial catholyte pH between 3 and 5 was found to benefit the phosphorus recovery due to the final catholyte pH fit for the struvite crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lu She
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 200432, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pengyu Xiang
- Zhejiang Weiming Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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27
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Arvin A, Hosseini M, Amin MM, Najafpour Darzi G, Ghasemi Y. Efficient methane production from petrochemical wastewater in a single membrane-less microbial electrolysis cell: the effect of the operational parameters in batch and continuous mode on bioenergy recovery. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:305-317. [PMID: 31321049 PMCID: PMC6582024 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the treatment and simultaneous production of methane from low-strength petrochemical wastewater by single membrane-less microbial electrolysis cells. To achieve this objective, the influence of variables such as applied voltage, operation mode, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of the MEC system was investigated over a period of 110 days. According to the obtained results, the maximum COD removal efficiency in the batch mode was higher than which in the continuous mode (i.e. 85.9% vs 75.3%). However, the maximum methane production in the continuous mode was almost 1.6 times higher than which in the batch mode. The results show, COD removal, methane content, and methane production in both operation modes, were enhanced as applied voltage increased from 0.6 to 0.8-1 V. The proportion of methane, methane production rate, and COD removal were increased as HRT decreased from 72 to 48 h, while these values were decreased as the HRT decreased from 48 to 12 h. In continues mode, the energy efficiency had a range of 94.7% to 97.9% with an average of 96.6% in phase III, which almost recovered all of the electrical energy input into the system. These results suggest that single membrane-less microbial electrolysis cell is a promising process in order to the treatment of low-strength wastewater and methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Arvin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O.B. 484, Babol, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O.B. 484, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Environmental Health Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O.B. 484, Babol, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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28
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Nagy J, Kaljunen J, Toth AJ. Nitrogen recovery from wastewater and human urine with hydrophobic gas separation membrane: experiments and modelling. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Hu K, Chen W, Jia SQ, Wang W, Han F. Enhanced Degradation of Waste Activated Sludge in Microbial Electrolysis Cell by Ultrasonic Treatment. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:128. [PMID: 30804911 PMCID: PMC6370692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of ultrasonic pretreatment for improving treatment efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Results showed that at applied voltage of 0.5 V, biogas production and cathodic hydrogen recovery enhanced 3.68-fold and 2.56-fold, respectively. Due to the transformation of soluble COD accelerated by the pretreatment, the removal rates of suspended solids and volatile suspended solids were significantly enhanced by 1.38-fold and 1.48-fold, respectively. Various kinds of organics, including VFAs (volatile fatty acids), proteins and carbohydrates, could be utilized in sequence. The primary biodegradable substance in MEC was hydrophilic fraction from sludge organics and the pretreatment effectively resulted in an elevated concentration of this fraction. The 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis demonstrated multiple syntrophic interactions between fermentative bacteria, exoelectrogenes, and methanogenic archaea in MEC for WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo-Qiu Jia
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hydrology & Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Hydrology & Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Goglio A, Tucci M, Rizzi B, Colombo A, Cristiani P, Schievano A. Microbial recycling cells (MRCs): A new platform of microbial electrochemical technologies based on biocompatible materials, aimed at cycling carbon and nutrients in agro-food systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1349-1361. [PMID: 30308905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the mechanisms that drive nutrients and carbon sequestration from wastewaters by microbial electrochemical technologies (METs). In this framework, a new generation of METs is also presented (to be called microbial recycling cells, MRCs), based on 100%-recyclable materials (biomass-derived char coal, clay, terracotta, paper, ligno-cellulosic plant materials, etc.), which can act as bio-electrodes, separators and structural frames. In traditional METs architectures (based on technological materials such as carbon cloths, plastic panels, membranes, binders), inorganic salts precipitation and adsorption, as well as biofouling due to organic-matter deposition, are considered as main drawbacks that clog and hinder the systems over relatively short periods. In MRCs, these mechanisms should be maximized, instead of being avoided. In this perspective, both inorganic and organic forms of the main nutrients are sequestered from wastewater and deposited on METs modules. Once the systems become saturated, they can entirely be recycled as agricultural soil conditioners or as base for organic-mineral fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Goglio
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tucci
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzi
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombo
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Schievano
- e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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31
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Li B, Boiarkina I, Yu W, Huang HM, Munir T, Wang GQ, Young BR. Phosphorous recovery through struvite crystallization: Challenges for future design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1244-1256. [PMID: 30340270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is an essential element for living organisms and is predicted to be depleted within the next 100 years. Across the world, significant phosphorous losses due to its low utilization efficiency become one of the main reasons for water pollution. Struvite crystallization has been found to be a promising recovery technique to mitigate these problems, as the recovered precipitate can be used as a slow release fertilizer or raw material for chemical industry. Although this technique has been widely investigated over the past two decades, there are currently few real applications in industry. This paper addresses this issue by reviewing key aspects relevant to process design to pave the way for future application. It will help to narrow down struvite process design options and thus reduce the voluminous calculations for a detailed analysis. Struvite process development, research trend, product application and process economics are reviewed and a conceptual process design is provided. This analysis provides comprehensive information that is essential for future industrial struvite crystallization process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Irina Boiarkina
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hai Ming Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, China
| | - Tajammal Munir
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guang Qian Wang
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Brent R Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Improved Microbial Electrolysis Cell Hydrogen Production by Hybridization with a TiO2 Nanotube Array Photoanode. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) consumes the chemical energy of organic material producing, in turn, hydrogen. This study presents a new hybrid MEC design with improved performance. An external TiO2 nanotube (TNT) array photoanode, fabricated by anodization of Ti foil, supplies photogenerated electrons to the MEC electrical circuit, significantly improving overall performance. The photogenerated electrons help to reduce electron depletion of the bioanode, and improve the proton reduction reaction at the cathode. Under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2) the 28 mL hybrid MEC exhibits a H2 evolution rate of 1434.268 ± 114.174 mmol m−3 h−1, a current density of 0.371 ± 0.000 mA cm−2 and power density of 1415.311 ± 23.937 mW m−2, that are respectively 30.76%, 34.4%, and 26.0% higher than a MEC under dark condition.
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33
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Liang H, Wang J. A critical review on ammonium recovery from wastewater for sustainable wastewater management. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:749-758. [PMID: 30076073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growing global population's demand for ammonium has triggered an increase in its supply, given that ammonium plays a crucial role in fertilizer production for the purpose of food security. Currently, ammonia used in fertilizer production is put through what is known as the industrial Haber Bosch process, but this approach is substantially expensive and requires much energy. For this reason, looking for effective methods to recover ammonium is important for environmental sustainability. One of the greatest opportunities for ammonium recovery occurs in wastewater treatment plants due to wastewater containing a large quantity of ammonium ions. The comprehensively and critically review studies on ammonium recovery conducted, have the potential to be applied in current wastewater treatment operations. Technologies and their ammonium recovery mechanisms are included in this review. Furthermore the economic feasibility of such processes is analysed. Possible future directions for ammonium recovery from wastewater are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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34
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Applications of Emerging Bioelectrochemical Technologies in Agricultural Systems: A Current Review. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are emerging energy-effective and environment-friendly technologies. Different applications of BESs are able to effectively minimize wastes and treat wastewater while simultaneously recovering electricity, biohydrogen and other value-added chemicals via specific redox reactions. Although there are many studies that have greatly advanced the performance of BESs over the last decade, research and reviews on agriculture-relevant applications of BESs are very limited. Considering the increasing demand for food, energy and water due to human population expansion, novel technologies are urgently needed to promote productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: This review study is based on an extensive literature search regarding agriculture-related BES studies mainly in the last decades (i.e., 2009–2018). The databases used in this review study include Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The current and future applications of bioelectrochemical technologies in agriculture have been discussed. Findings/Conclusions: BESs have the potential to recover considerable amounts of electric power and energy chemicals from agricultural wastes and wastewater. The recovered energy can be used to reduce the energy input into agricultural systems. Other resources and value-added chemicals such as biofuels, plant nutrients and irrigation water can also be produced in BESs. In addition, BESs may replace unsustainable batteries to power remote sensors or be designed as biosensors for agricultural monitoring. The possible applications to produce food without sunlight and remediate contaminated soils using BESs have also been discussed. At the same time, agricultural wastes can also be processed into construction materials or biochar electrodes/electrocatalysts for reducing the high costs of current BESs. Future studies should evaluate the long-term performance and stability of on-farm BES applications.
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Lei Y, Song B, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN. Interaction of calcium, phosphorus and natural organic matter in electrochemical recovery of phosphate. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:10-17. [PMID: 29807252 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To address the issues of eutrophication and the potential risk of phosphorus (P) shortage, it is essential to remove and recover P from P-containing streams to close this nutrient cycle. Electrochemical induced calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitation was shown to be an efficient method for P recovery. However, the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) is not known for this treatment. In this paper, the behavior of NOM and its effect on CaP precipitation was studied. In contrast to studies where NOM hindered CaP precipitation, results show that the interaction of NOM with CaP improves the removal of P, independent of the types of NOM. The P removal at the average increased from 43.8 ± 4.9% to 58.5 ± 1.2% in the presence of 1.0 mg L-1 NOM. Based on the yellow color of the CaP product, NOM is co-precipitated. The bulk solution pH with and without buffers has totally different effects on the precipitation process. Without buffer, CaP precipitates on the cathode surface in a wide pH range (pH 4.0-10.0). However, the precipitation process is completely inhibited when the bulk solution is buffered at pH 4.0 and 6.0. This is probably due to neutralization of OH- by the buffers. Regardless of the presence or absence of NOM and solution pH, the recovered products are mainly amorphous CaP unless the electrolysis time was increased to seven days with 4.0 A m-2, in which crystalline CaP formed. These findings advance our understanding on the interaction of Ca, P and NOM species for the application of electrochemical method for P recovery from real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Sub-department Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bingnan Song
- Sub-department Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Sub-department Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Sub-department Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hou D, Iddya A, Chen X, Wang M, Zhang W, Ding Y, Jassby D, Ren ZJ. Nickel-Based Membrane Electrodes Enable High-Rate Electrochemical Ammonia Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8930-8938. [PMID: 29939725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains significant amounts of nitrogen that can be recovered and valorized as fertilizers and chemicals. This study presents a new membrane electrode coupled with microbial electrolysis that demonstrates very efficient ammonia recovery from synthetic centrate. The process utilizes the electrical potential across electrodes to drive NH4+ ions toward the hydrophilic nickel top layer on a gas-stripping membrane cathode, which takes advantage of surface pH increase to realize spontaneous NH3 production and separation. Compared with a control configuration with conventionally separated electrode and hydrophobic membrane, the integrated membrane electrode showed 40% higher NH3-N recovery rate (36.2 ± 1.2 gNH3-N/m2/d) and 11% higher current density. The energy consumption was 1.61 ± 0.03 kWh/kgNH3-N, which was 20% lower than the control and 70-90% more efficient than competing electrochemical nitrogen recovery processes (5-12 kWh/kgNH3-N). Besides, the negative potential on membrane electrode repelled negatively charged organics and microbes thus reduced fouling. In addition to describing the system's performance, we explored the underlying mechanisms governing the reactions, which confirmed the viability of this process for efficient wastewater-ammonia recovery. Furthermore, the nickel-based membrane electrode showed excellent water entry pressure (∼41 kPa) without leakage, which was much higher than that of PTFE/PDMS-based cathodes (∼1.8 kPa). The membrane electrode also showed superb flexibility (180° bend) and can be easily fabricated at low cost (<20 $/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxun Hou
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80303 , United States
| | - Arpita Iddya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80303 , United States
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80303 , United States
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Lei Y, Remmers JC, Saakes M, van der Weijden RD, Buisman CJN. Is There a Precipitation Sequence in Municipal Wastewater Induced by Electrolysis? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8399-8407. [PMID: 29965745 PMCID: PMC6085724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical wastewater treatment can induce calcium phosphate precipitation on the cathode surface. This provides a simple yet efficient way for extracting phosphorus from municipal wastewater without dosing chemicals. However, the precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is accompanied by the precipitation of calcite (CaCO3) and brucite (Mg(OH)2). To increase the content of ACP in the products, it is essential to understand the precipitation sequence of ACP, calcite, and brucite in electrochemical wastewater treatment. Given the fact that calcium phosphate (i.e., hydroxyapatite) has the lowest thermodynamic solubility product and highest saturation index in the wastewater, it has the potential to precipitate first. However, this is not observed in electrochemical phosphate recovery from raw wastewater, which is probably because of the very high Ca/P molar ratio (7.5) and high bicarbonate concentration in the wastewater resulting in formation of calcite. In the case of decreased Ca/P molar ratio (1.77) by spiking external phosphate, most of the removed Ca in the wastewater was used for ACP formation instead of calcite. The formation of of brucite, however, was only affected when the current density was decreased or the size of cathode was changed. Overall, the removal of Ca and Mg is much more affected by current density than the surface area of cathode, whereas for P removal, the reverse is true. Because of these dependencies, though there is no definite precipitation sequence among ACP, calcite, and brucite, it is still possible to influence the precipitation degree of these species by relatively low current density and high surface area or by targeting phosphorus-rich wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O.
Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit Christiaan Remmers
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O.
Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D. van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O.
Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Cees J. N. Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O.
Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhao WY, Zhou M, Yan B, Sun X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu T, Zhang Y. Waste Conversion and Resource Recovery from Wastewater by Ion Exchange Membranes: State-of-the-Art and Perspective. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Zhao
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Waste Valorization and Water Reuse Group (WVWR), Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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40
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Xu F, Khalaf A, Sheets J, Ge X, Keener H, Li Y. Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lei Y, Song B, van der Weijden RD, Saakes M, Buisman CJN. Electrochemical Induced Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: Importance of Local pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11156-11164. [PMID: 28872838 PMCID: PMC5628374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for living organisms and cannot be replaced or substituted. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient membrane free electrochemical system for P removal and recovery as calcium phosphate (CaP). This method relies on in situ formation of hydroxide ions by electro mediated water reduction at a titanium cathode surface. The in situ raised pH at the cathode provides a local environment where CaP will become highly supersaturated. Therefore, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of CaP occurs near and at the cathode surface. Because of the local high pH, the P removal behavior is not sensitive to bulk solution pH and therefore, efficient P removal was observed in three studied bulk solutions with pH of 4.0 (56.1%), 8.2 (57.4%), and 10.0 (48.4%) after 24 h of reaction time. While P removal efficiencies are not generally affected by bulk solution pH, the chemical-physical properties of CaP solids collected on the cathode are still related to bulk solution pH, as confirmed by structure characterizations. High initial solution pH promotes the formation of more crystalline products with relatively high Ca/P molar ratio. The Ca/P molar ratio increases from 1.30 (pH 4.0) to 1.38 (pH 8.2) and further increases to 1.55 (pH 10.0). The formation of CaP precipitates was a typical crystallization process, with an amorphous phase formed at the initial stage which then transforms to the most stable crystal phase, hydroxyapatite, which is inferred from the increased Ca/P molar ratio from 1.38 (day 1) to the theoretical 1.76 (day 11) and by the formation of needle-like crystals. Finally, we demonstrated the efficiency of this system for real wastewater. This, together with the fact that the electrochemical method can work at low bulk pH, without dosing chemicals and a need for a separation process, highlights the potential application of the electrochemical method for P removal and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bingnan Song
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renata D. van der Weijden
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Michel Saakes
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. N. Buisman
- Wetsus, Centre
of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sub-department
Environmental Technology, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Ghangrekar MM, Chatterjee P. A Systematic Review on Bioelectrochemical Systems Research. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40726-017-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jadhav DA, Ghosh Ray S, Ghangrekar MM. Third generation in bio-electrochemical system research – A systematic review on mechanisms for recovery of valuable by-products from wastewater. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Almatouq A, Babatunde AO. Concurrent hydrogen production and phosphorus recovery in dual chamber microbial electrolysis cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 237:193-203. [PMID: 28254344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent hydrogen (H2) production and phosphorus (P) recovery were investigated in dual chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The aim of the study was to explore and understand the influence of applied voltage and influent COD concentration on concurrent H2 production and P recovery in MEC. P was efficiently precipitated at the cathode chamber and the precipitated crystals were verified as struvite, using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The maximum P precipitation efficiency achieved by the MEC was 95%, and the maximum H2 production rate was 0.28m3-H2/m3-d. Response surface methodology showed that applied voltage had a great influence on H2 production and P recovery, while influent COD concentration had a significant effect on P recovery only. The overall energy recovery in the MEC was low and ranged from 25±1 to 37±1.7%. These results confirmed MECs capability for concurrent H2 production and P recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almatouq
- Hydro-Environment Research Centre, Energy and Environment Theme, Cardiff University School of Engineering, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK; Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
| | - A O Babatunde
- Institute of Public Health and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Liu W, Niu X, Chen W, An S, Sheng H. Effects of applied potential on phosphine formation in synthetic wastewater treatment by Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:172-179. [PMID: 28110006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) emission from conventional biological wastewater treatment is very inefficient (ng-μg m-3). In this work, we investigated the feasibility of promoting PH3 formation from inorganic phosphorus (IP) or organic phosphorus (OP) containing synthetic wastewater treatment by Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) for the first time. Positive effect of applied potential on PH3 production was observed after methanogens was inhibited. The highest production of PH3 (1103.10 ± 72.02 ng m-3) was obtained in IP-fed MEC operated at -0.6 V, which was about 5-fold and 2-fold compared to that in open circuit experiment and OP-fed MEC, respectively. Meanwhile, PH3 formation corresponded positively with current density and alkaline phosphatase activity. This result showed that suitable potential could enhance the activity of relevant enzymes and boost the biosynthesis of PH3. Bacterial communities analysis based on high-throughput sequencing revealed that applied potential was conductive to the enrichment of phosphate-reducing organisms in contrast to the control test. These results provide a new idea for resource utilization of phosphorus in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Weiyi Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaorong An
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Sheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Puyol D, Batstone DJ, Hülsen T, Astals S, Peces M, Krömer JO. Resource Recovery from Wastewater by Biological Technologies: Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2106. [PMID: 28111567 PMCID: PMC5216025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limits in resource availability are driving a change in current societal production systems, changing the focus from residues treatment, such as wastewater treatment, toward resource recovery. Biotechnological processes offer an economic and versatile way to concentrate and transform resources from waste/wastewater into valuable products, which is a prerequisite for the technological development of a cradle-to-cradle bio-based economy. This review identifies emerging technologies that enable resource recovery across the wastewater treatment cycle. As such, bioenergy in the form of biohydrogen (by photo and dark fermentation processes) and biogas (during anaerobic digestion processes) have been classic targets, whereby, direct transformation of lipidic biomass into biodiesel also gained attention. This concept is similar to previous biofuel concepts, but more sustainable, as third generation biofuels and other resources can be produced from waste biomass. The production of high value biopolymers (e.g., for bioplastics manufacturing) from organic acids, hydrogen, and methane is another option for carbon recovery. The recovery of carbon and nutrients can be achieved by organic fertilizer production, or single cell protein generation (depending on the source) which may be utilized as feed, feed additives, next generation fertilizers, or even as probiotics. Additionlly, chemical oxidation-reduction and bioelectrochemical systems can recover inorganics or synthesize organic products beyond the natural microbial metabolism. Anticipating the next generation of wastewater treatment plants driven by biological recovery technologies, this review is focused on the generation and re-synthesis of energetic resources and key resources to be recycled as raw materials in a cradle-to-cradle economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puyol
- Group of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, King Juan Carlos UniversityMostoles, Spain
| | - Damien J. Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
- CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
- CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, ClaytonVIC, Australia
| | - Sergi Astals
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Miriam Peces
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Jens O. Krömer
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
- Centre for Microbial Electrochemical Systems, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
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Yuan P, Kim Y. Increasing phosphorus recovery from dewatering centrate in microbial electrolysis cells. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:70. [PMID: 28331546 PMCID: PMC5359864 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) use bioelectrochemical reactions to remove organic contaminants at the bioanode and produce hydrogen gas at the cathode. High local pH conditions near the cathode can also be utilized to produce struvite from nutrient-rich wastewater. This beneficial aspect was investigated using lab-scale MECs fed with dewatering centrate collected at a local wastewater treatment plant. The main objective was to improve phosphorus recovery by examining various cathode configurations and electric current conditions. RESULTS The stainless steel mesh (SSM) cathode was relatively inefficient to achieve complete phosphorus recovery because struvite crystals were smaller (a few to tens of micrometers) than the open space between mesh wires (80 µm). As a result, the use of multiple pieces of SSM also showed a limited improvement in the phosphorus recovery up to only 68% with 5 SSM pieces. Readily available organic substrates were not sufficient in the dewatering centrate, resulting in relatively low electric current density (mostly below 0.2 A/m2). The slow electrode reaction did not provide sufficiently high pH conditions near the cathode for complete recovery of phosphorus as struvite. Based on these findings, additional experiments were conducted using stainless steel foil (SSF) as the cathode and acetate (12 mM) as an additional organic substrate for exoelectrogens at the bioanode. With the high electric current (>2 A/m2), a thick layer of struvite crystals was formed on the SSF cathode. The phosphorus recovery increased to 96% with the increasing MEC operation time from 1 to 7 days. With the high phosphorus recovery, estimated energy requirement was relatively low at 13.8 kWh (with acetate) and 0.30 kWh (without acetate) to produce 1 kg struvite from dewatering centrate. CONCLUSIONS For efficient phosphorus recovery from real wastewater, a foil-type cathode is recommended to avoid potential losses of small struvite crystals. Also, presence of readily available organic substrates is important to maintain high electric current and establish high local pH conditions near the cathode. Struvite precipitation was relatively slow, requiring 7 days for nearly complete removal (92%) and recovery (96%). Future studies need to focus on shortening the time requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyi Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., JHE 301, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Younggy Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., JHE 301, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 Canada
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Shrestha N, Fogg A, Wilder J, Franco D, Komisar S, Gadhamshetty V. Electricity generation from defective tomatoes. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Guo J, Ni BJ, Chang SW, Nguyen DD. Insight into biological phosphate recovery from sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:874-881. [PMID: 27434305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The world's increasing population means that more food production is required. A more sustainable supply of fertilizers mainly consisting of phosphate is needed. Due to the rising consumption of scarce resources and limited natural supply of phosphate, the recovery of phosphate and their re-use has potentially high market value. Sewage has high potential to recover a large amount of phosphate in a circular economy approach. This paper focuses on utilization of biological process integrated with various subsequent processes to concentrate and recycle phosphate which are derived from liquid and sludge phases. The phosphate accumulation and recovery are discussed in terms of mechanism and governing parameters, recovery efficiency, application at plant-scale and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim T, An J, Lee H, Jang JK, Chang IS. pH-dependent ammonia removal pathways in microbial fuel cell system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:290-295. [PMID: 27090407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ammonia removal paths in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) under different initial pH conditions (pH 7.0, 8.0, and 8.6) were investigated. At a neutral pH condition (pH 7.0), MFC used an electrical energy of 27.4% and removed 23.3% of total ammonia by electrochemical pathway for 192h. At the identical pH condition, 36.1% of the total ammonia was also removed by the biological path suspected to be biological ammonia oxidation process (e.g., Anammox). With the initial pH increased, the electrochemical removal efficiency decreased to less than 5.0%, while the biological removal efficiency highly increased to 61.8%. In this study, a neutral pH should be maintained in the anode to utilize MFCs for ammonia recovery via electrochemical pathways from wastewater stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeong An
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeong Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Jang
- Energy and Environmental Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seop Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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