1
|
Adetunji AI, Erasmus M. Green Synthesis of Bioplastics from Microalgae: A State-of-the-Art Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1322. [PMID: 38794516 PMCID: PMC11124873 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of conventional plastics has increased tremendously in the last decades due to rapid industrialization, population growth, and advancement in the use of modern technologies. However, overuse of these fossil fuel-based plastics has resulted in serious environmental and health hazards by causing pollution, global warming, etc. Therefore, the use of microalgae as a feedstock is a promising, green, and sustainable approach for the production of biobased plastics. Various biopolymers, such as polyhydroxybutyrate, polyurethane, polylactic acid, cellulose-based polymers, starch-based polymers, and protein-based polymers, can be produced from different strains of microalgae under varying culture conditions. Different techniques, including genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, the use of photobioreactors, response surface methodology, and artificial intelligence, are used to alter and improve microalgae stocks for the commercial synthesis of bioplastics at lower costs. In comparison to conventional plastics, these biobased plastics are biodegradable, biocompatible, recyclable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and sustainable, with robust mechanical and thermoplastic properties. In addition, the bioplastics are suitable for a plethora of applications in the agriculture, construction, healthcare, electrical and electronics, and packaging industries. Thus, this review focuses on techniques for the production of biopolymers and bioplastics from microalgae. In addition, it discusses innovative and efficient strategies for large-scale bioplastic production while also providing insights into the life cycle assessment, end-of-life, and applications of bioplastics. Furthermore, some challenges affecting industrial scale bioplastics production and recommendations for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez-Bolaños M, Vargas-Romero G, Jaguer-García G, Aguilar-Gonzalez ZI, Lagos-Romero V, Miranda-Astudillo HV. Antares I: a Modular Photobioreactor Suitable for Photosynthesis and Bioenergetics Research. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2176-2195. [PMID: 37486539 PMCID: PMC11035454 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is responsible for most of the fixation of atmospheric CO2. The microalgal community can transport atmospheric carbon into biological cycles in which no additional CO2 is created. This represents a resource to confront the actual climate change crisis. These organisms have evolved to adapt to several environments and different spectral distribution of light that may strongly influence their metabolism. Therefore, there is a need for development of photobioreactors specialized in addressing spectral optimization. Here, a multi-scale modular photobioreactor made from standard glass materials, ad hoc light circuits, and easily accessible, small commercial devices is described. The system is suitable to manage the principal culture variables of research in bioenergetics and photosynthesis. Its performance was tested by growing four evolutionary-distant microalgal species with different endosymbiotic scenarios: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Archaeplastida, green primary plastid), Polytomella parva (Archaeplastida, colorless plastid), Euglena gracilis (Discoba, green secondary plastid), and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Stramenophiles, red secondary plastid). Our results show an improvement of biomass production, as compared to the traditional flask system. The modulation of the incident light spectra allowed us to observe a far-red adaptation in Euglena gracilis with a difference on paramylon production, and it also significantly increased the maximal cell density of the diatom species under green light. Together, these confirm that for photobioreactors with artificial light, manipulation of the light spectrum is a critical parameter for controlling the optimal performance, depending on the downstream goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodríguez-Bolaños
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Vargas-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Girian Jaguer-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zhaida I Aguilar-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Lagos-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor V Miranda-Astudillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Ye X, Yu X, Zhao J, Song M, Yin D, Yu J. Analysis of the regulatory mechanism of exogenous IAA-mediated tryptophan accumulation and synthesis of endogenous IAA in Chlorococcum humicola. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141633. [PMID: 38442772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The activated sludge method is widely used for the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater, which gives rise to the problem of toxic residual sludge accumulation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a typical phytohormone, facilitates the microalgal resistance to toxic inhibition while promoting biomass accumulation. In this study, Chlorococcum humicola (C. humicola) was cultured in toxic sludge extract and different concentrations of IAA were used to regulate its physiological properties and enrichment of high value-added products. Ultimately, proteomics analysis was used to reveal the response mechanism of C. humicola to exogenous IAA. The results showed that the IAA concentration of 5 × 10-6 mol/L (M) was most beneficial for C. humicola to cope with the toxic stress in the sludge extract medium, to promote the activity of rubisco enzyme, to enhance the efficiency of photosynthesis, and, finally, to accumulate protein as a percentage of specific dry weight 1.57 times more than that of the control group. Exogenous IAA altered the relative abundance of various amino acids in C. humicola cells, and proteomic analyses showed that exogenous IAA stimulated the algal cells to produce more indole-3-glycerol phosphate (IGP), indole, and serine by up-regulating the enzymes. These precursors are converted to tryptophan under the regulation of tryptophan synthase (A0A383V983), and tryptophan can be metabolized to endogenous IAA to promote the growth of C. humicola. These findings have important implications for the treatment of toxic residual sludge while enriching for high-value amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Meijing Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Danning Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jiayu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye F, Yang Y, Shi J. A novel co-metabolic mode with Spirulina powder in enhancing the anaerobic degradation of typical nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38312073 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina powder emerged as a novel and suitable co-metabolism substance significantly enhancing the anaerobic degradation of specific nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. On the addition of 1.0 mg/L of Spirulina powder, the reactor demonstrated optimal degradation efficiency for quinoline and indole, achieving ratios of 99.77 ± 1.83% and 99.57 ± 1.98%, respectively. Moreover, the incorporation of Spirulina powder resulted in increased concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids, proteins, and polysaccharides in anaerobic sludge. In addition, Spirulina powder led to reduced levels of Acinetobacter and enriched Aminicenantes genera incertae sedis, Levilinea, and Longilinea. The analysis of the archaeal community structure confirmed that the addition of Spirulina powder increased archaeal sequences, fostering greater richness and diversity in the archaeal community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangshiyi Yang
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lim YA, Ilankoon IMSK, Khong NMH, Priyawardana SD, Ooi KR, Chong MN, Foo SC. Biochemical trade-offs and opportunities of commercialized microalgae cultivation under increasing carbon dioxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:129898. [PMID: 37890731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae's exceptional photosynthetic prowess, CO2 adaptation, and high-value bioproduct accumulation make them prime candidates for microorganism-based biorefineries. However, most microalgae research emphasizes downstream processes and applications rather than fundamental biomass and biochemical balances and kinetic under the influence of greenhouse gases such as CO2. Therefore, three distinctly different microalgae species were cultivated under 0% to 20% CO2 treatments to examine their biochemical responses, biomass production and metabolite accumulations. Using a machine learning approach, it was found that Chlorella sorokiniana showed a positive relationship between biomass and chl a, chl b, carotenoids, and carbohydrates under increasing CO2 treatments, while Chlamydomonas angulosa too displayed positive relationships between biomass and all studied biochemical contents, with minimal trade-offs. Meanwhile, Nostoc sp. exhibited a negative correlation between biomass and lipid contents under increasing CO2 treatment. The study showed the potential of Chlorella, Chlamydomonas and Nostoc for commercialization in biorefineries and carbon capture systems where their trade-offs were identified for different CO2 treatments and could be prioritized based on commercial objectives. This study highlighted the importance of understanding trade-offs between biomass production and biochemical yields for informed decision-making in microalgae cultivation, in the direction of mass carbon capture for climate change mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi An Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - I M S K Ilankoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nicholas M H Khong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sajeewa Dilshan Priyawardana
- Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khi Rern Ooi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Meng Nan Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Su Chern Foo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shang H, Liu S, Xu C, Liu S, Liu H. Overexpression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis increases lipid content in the NaHCO 3-tolerant Chlorella sp. JB6. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0318423. [PMID: 38047695 PMCID: PMC10783073 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03184-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fatty acid (FA) contents can be altered in Chlorella JB6 in the presence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Overexpression of the FA de novo synthesis genes inhibited the growth of JB6 cells and decreased their resistance to NaHCO3, but these transgenic JB6 strains could grow in a medium containing as high as 300 mM NaHCO3. In JB6, ectopic expression of the FA de novo synthesis genes increased the synthesis of very long-chain saturated FA (> 20C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan KY, Low SS, Manickam S, Ma Z, Banat F, Munawaroh HSH, Show PL. Prospects of microalgae in nutraceuticals production with nanotechnology applications. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112870. [PMID: 37254319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceutical supplements provide health benefits, such as fulfilling the lack of nutrients in the human body or being utilized to treat or cure certain diseases. As the world population is growing, certain countries are experiencing food crisis challenges, causing natural foods are not sustainable to be used for nutraceutical production because it will require large-scale of food supply to produce enriched nutraceutics. The high demand for abundant nutritional compounds has made microalgae a reliable source as they can synthesize high-value molecules through photosynthetic activities. However, some microalgae species are limited in growth and unable to accumulate a significant amount of biomass due to several factors related to environmental conditions. Therefore, adding nanoparticles (NPs) as a photocatalyst is considered to enhance the yield rate of microalgae in an energy-saving and economical way. This review focuses on the composition of microalgal biomass for nutraceutical production, the health perspectives of nutritional compounds on humans, and the application of nanotechnology on microalgae for improved production and harvesting. The results obtained show that microalgal-based compounds indeed have better nutrients content than natural foods. However, nanotechnology must be further comprehended to make them non-hazardous and sustainable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao Tan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100 China.
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Zengling Ma
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou 325035, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi, 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Devi A, Verma M, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Ferreira LFR, Mulla SI, Bharagava RN. Microalgae: A green eco-friendly agents for bioremediation of tannery wastewater with simultaneous production of value-added products. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139192. [PMID: 37353172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Tannery wastewater (TWW) has high BOD, COD, TS and variety of pollutants like chromium, formaldehydes, biocides, oils, chlorophenols, detergents and phthalates etc. Besides these pollutants, TWW also rich source of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and sulphur etc. that can be utilized by microalgae during their growth. Direct disposal of TWW into the environment may lead severe environmental and health threats, therefore it needs to be treated adequately. Microalgae are considered as an efficient microorganisms (fast growing, adaptability and strain robustness, high surface to volume ratio, energy saving) for remediation of wastewaters with simultaneous biomass recovery and generation of value added products (VAPs) such as biofuels, biohydrogen, biopolymer, biofertilizer, pigments, bioethanol, bioactive compounds, nutraceutical etc. Most microalgae are photosynthetic and use CO2 and light energy to synthesise carbohydrate and reduces the emission of greenhouse gasses. Microalgae are also reported to remove heavy metals and antibiotics from wastewaters by bioaccumulation, biodegradation and biosorption. Microalgal treatment can be an alternative of conventional processes with generation of VAPs. The use of biotechnology in wastewater remediation with simultaneous generation of VAPs is trending. The validation of economic viability and environmental sustainability, life cycle assessment studies and techno-economic analysis is undergoing. Thus, in this review, the characteristics of TWW and microalgae are summarized, which manifest microalgae as potential candidates for wastewater remediation with simultaneous production of VAPs. Further, the treatment mechanisms, various factors (physical, chemical, mechanical and biological etc.) affecting treatment efficiency as well as challenges associated with microalgal remediation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Devi
- Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 025 (U.P.), India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre of Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Panjab, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Luiz Fernando R Ferreira
- Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE 49032-490, Brazil; Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 025 (U.P.), India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arora Y, Sharma S, Sharma V. Microalgae in Bioplastic Production: A Comprehensive Review. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023; 48:7225-7241. [PMID: 37266400 PMCID: PMC10183103 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-023-07871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current era of industrialization includes a constantly increasing demand for plastic products, but because plastics are rarely recycled and are not biodegradable plastic pollution or "white pollution" has been the result. The consumption of petroleum-based plastics will be 20% of global annual oil by 2050, and thus there is an inevitable need to find an innovative solution to reduce plastic pollution. The biodegradable and environmentally benign bioplastics are suitable alternative to fossil-based plastics in the market due to sustainability, less carbon footprint, lower toxicity and high degradability rate. Microalgal species is an innovative approach to be explored and improved for bioplastic production. Microalgae are generally present in abundant quantity in our ecosystem, and polysaccharide in the algae can be processed and utilized to make biopolymers. Also, these species have a high growth rate and can be easily cultivated in wastewater streams. The review aims to determine the recent status of bioplastic production techniques from microalgal species and also reveal optimization opportunities involved in the process. Several strategies for bioplastic production from algal biomass are being discussed nowadays, and the most prominent are "with blending" (blending of algal biomass with bioplastics and starch) and "without blending" (microalgae as a feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoates production). The advanced research on modern bioengineering techniques and well-established genetic tools like CRISPR-Cas9 should be encouraged to develop recombinant microalgae strains with elevated levels of PHA/PHB inside the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukta Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Shivika Sharma
- Biochemical Conversion Division, SSS-NIBE, Kapurthala, Punjab India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ms K, Johnson I, Ngo HH, Guo W, Kumar M. Application of Chlorella vulgaris for nutrient removal from synthetic wastewater and MBR-treated bio-park secondary effluent: growth kinetics, effects of carbon and phosphate concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:415. [PMID: 36807702 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Application of Chlorella vulgaris for polishing secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment (containing C, N and P) was investigated. As a first step, batch experiments were conducted in Bold's Basal Media (BBM) to quantify the effects of orthophosphates (0.1-107 mg/L), organic carbon (0-500 mg/L as acetate) and N/P ratio on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The results revealed that the orthophosphate concentration was found to control the removal rates of nitrates and phosphates; however, both were effectively removed (> 90%) when the initial orthophosphate concentration was 4-12 mg/L. The maximum nitrate and orthophosphate removals were observed at an N:P ratio of ~ 11. However, the specific growth rate (µ) was significantly increased (from 0.226 to 0.336 g/g/day) when the initial orthophosphate concentration was 0.1-4.3 mg/L. On the other hand, the presence of acetate had significantly improved the specific growth and specific nitrate removal rates of Chlorella vulgaris. The specific growth rate increased from 0.34 g/g/day in a purely autotrophic culture to 0.70 g/g/day in the presence of acetate. Subsequently, the Chlorella vulgaris (grown in BBM) was acclimated and grown in the membrane bioreactor (MBR)-treated real-time secondary effluent. Under the optimised conditions, 92% nitrate and 98% phosphate removals (with a growth rate of 0.192 g/g/day) were observed in the bio-park MBR effluent. Overall, the results indicate that coupling Chlorella vulgaris as a polishing treatment in existing wastewater treatment units could be beneficial for highest level of water reuse and energy recovery goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnapriya Ms
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Inigo Johnson
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Huu-Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mathava Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liberti D, Imbimbo P, Giustino E, D’Elia L, Ferraro G, Casillo A, Illiano A, Pinto G, Di Meo MC, Alvarez-Rivera G, Corsaro MM, Amoresano A, Zarrelli A, Ibáñez E, Merlino A, Monti DM. Inside out Porphyridium cruentum: Beyond the Conventional Biorefinery Concept. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:381-389. [PMID: 36643001 PMCID: PMC9832536 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here, an unprecedented biorefinery approach has been designed to recover high-added value bioproducts starting from the culture ofPorphyridium cruentum. This unicellular marine red alga can secrete and accumulate high-value compounds that can find applications in a wide variety of industrial fields. 300 ± 67 mg/L of exopolysaccharides were obtained from cell culture medium; phycoerythrin was efficiently extracted (40% of total extract) and isolated by single chromatography, with a purity grade that allowed the crystal structure determination at 1.60 Å; a twofold increase in β-carotene yield was obtained from the residual biomass; the final residual biomass was found to be enriched in saturated fatty acids. Thus, for the first time, a complete exploitation ofP. cruentumculture was set up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Liberti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Enrica Giustino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Elia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Department
of Sciences and Technologies (DST), University
of Sannio, Benevento82100, Italy
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science
Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science
Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples80126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barragán-Ocaña A, Merritt H, Sánchez-Estrada OE, Méndez-Becerril JL, del Pilar Longar-Blanco M. Biorefinery and sustainability for the production of biofuels and value-added products: A trends analysis based on network and patent analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279659. [PMID: 36634105 PMCID: PMC9836267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biorefineries are modern mechanisms used for producing value-added products and biofuels from different biomass sources. However, a crucial challenge is to achieve a sustainable model for their adequate implementation. Challenges related to technical efficiency and economic feasibility are two of the most relevant problems. Therefore, the present study sought to determine the current trends in basic research and technological development around biorefining and sustainability. We carried out a co-occurrence analysis and a patent analysis using data obtained from the Scopus and Lens databases to provide a general overview of the current state of this area of knowledge. The co-occurrence analysis intends to provide an overview of biorefining and sustainability based on terms associated with these two concepts as a starting point to determine the progress and existing challenges of the field. The results of the patent analysis consisted in identifying the main technological sectors, applicants, and territories where inventions associated with biorefining are registered. The analysis of the information showed that bioeconomy, techno-economic aspects, circular economy, technical issues associated with biomass production, and biofuels represent the focal point of basic research in a wide range of disciplines. Technology development is focused on fermentation, enzymes, and microorganisms, among other areas, which shows the validity of these traditional techniques in addressing the problems faced by the bioeconomy. This scenario shows that developed economies are the driving force behind this area of knowledge and that the PCT system is fundamental for the protection and commercialization of these inventions in places different from where they originated. Furthermore, the challenge lies in learning to work in alternative and complementary technological sectors, beyond microbiology and enzyme applications, in pursuit of the sector's technical and economic feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Barragán-Ocaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Humberto Merritt
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Eduardo Sánchez-Estrada
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de Chalco, Valle de Chalco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Luis Méndez-Becerril
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del Pilar Longar-Blanco
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Development of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Omega-3-Rich Extract of Microalga Nannochlorpsis gaditana. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233749. [PMID: 36496557 PMCID: PMC9736134 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are described as a new source of a wide range of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties, such as omega-3 lipids. This biomass product is gaining attention mainly due to its potential to accumulate different compounds depending on the species and environment, and it has been commonly recognized as a valuable nutraceutical alternative to fish and krill oils. In this work, we obtained the extract of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana, selected on the basis of its content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and glycolipids, which were determined using GC-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. To develop an oral formulation for the delivery of the extract, we used a 23 factorial design approach to obtain an optimal lipid nanoparticle formulation. The surfactant and solid lipid content were set as the independent variables, while the particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were taken as the dependent variables of the design. To ensure the potential use of the optimum LN formulation to protect and modify the release of the loaded microalga extract, rheological and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were carried out. The developed formulations were found to be stable over 30 days, with an encapsulation efficiency over 60%.
Collapse
|
14
|
Viswanathan K, Huang JM, Tsai TH, Chang JS, Wu W. Exploration of algal biorefinery frameworks: Optimization, quantification of environmental impacts and economics. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Bhatt P, Bhandari G, Bhatt K, Simsek H. Microalgae-based removal of pollutants from wastewaters: Occurrence, toxicity and circular economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135576. [PMID: 35803375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural and anthropogenic sources of water bodies are contaminated with diverse categories of pollutants such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, organic compounds, and other industrial chemicals. Depending on the type and the origin of the pollutants, the degree of contamination can be categorized into lower to higher concentrations. Therefore, the removal of hazardous chemicals from the environment is an important aspect. The physical, chemical and biological approaches have been developed and implemented to treat wastewaters. The microbial and algal treatment methods have emerged as a growing field due to their eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Particularly, microalgae emerged as a potential organism for the treatment of contaminated water bodies. The microalgae of the genera Chlorella, Anabaena, Ankistrodesmus, Aphanizomenon, Arthrospira, Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorogloeopsis, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, Porphyridium, Synechococcus, Scenedesmus, and Spirulina reported for the wastewater treatment and biomass production. Microalgae have the potential for adsorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. The microalgal strains can mitigate the hazardous chemicals via their diverse cellular mechanisms. Applications of the microalgae strains were found to be effective for sustainable developments and circular economy due to the production of biomass with the utilization of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248016, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parameswari RP, Lakshmi T. Microalgae as a potential therapeutic drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. J Biotechnol 2022; 358:128-139. [PMID: 36122597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are highly photosynthetic unicellular organism that have increased demand in the recent days owing to the presence of valuable cellular metabolites. They are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, rich in species diversity and are capable of generating significant biomass by efficiently using CO2, light and other nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate etc., The microalgal biomass has upsurged in economic potential and is used as both food and feed in many countries across the world, accounting for more than 75 % of annual microalgal biomass production in the past decades. The microalgal cells are sustainable resource that synthesize various secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, essential amino acids, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Microalgae and its derived compounds possess significant pharmacological and biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and anti-obesity. Because of their potential health promoting properties, the utilization of microalgae and its derived substances in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has skyrocketed in recent years. In this context, the current review discusses about the benefits of microalgae and its bioactive compounds against several neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Parameswari
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen L, Yin X. Solar spectral management for natural photosynthesis: from photonics designs to potential applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:36. [PMID: 35930145 PMCID: PMC9356122 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the most important biological process on Earth that converts solar energy to chemical energy (biomass) using sunlight as the sole energy source. The yield of photosynthesis is highly sensitive to the intensity and spectral components of light received by the photosynthetic organisms. Therefore, photon engineering has the potential to increase photosynthesis. Spectral conversion materials have been proposed for solar spectral management and widely investigated for photosynthesis by modifying the quality of light reaching the organisms since the 1990s. Such spectral conversion materials manage the photon spectrum of light by a photoconversion process, and a primary challenge faced by these materials is increasing their efficiencies. This review focuses on emerging spectral conversion materials for augmenting the photosynthesis of plants and microalgae, with a special emphasis on their fundamental design and potential applications in both greenhouse settings and microalgae cultivation systems. Finally, a discussion about the future perspectives in this field is made to overcome the remaining challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Xiaobo Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blanco-Llamero C, Fonseca J, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Señoráns FJ, Souto EB. Nutraceuticals and Food-Grade Lipid Nanoparticles: From Natural Sources to a Circular Bioeconomy Approach. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152318. [PMID: 35954085 PMCID: PMC9367884 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have gained increasing attention over the last years due to their potential value as therapeutic compounds formulated from natural sources. For instance, there is a wide range of literature about the cardioprotective properties of omega-3 lipids and the antioxidant value of some phenolic compounds, which are related to antitumoral activity. However, the value of nutraceuticals can be limited by their instability under gastric pH and intestinal fluids, their low solubility and absorption. That is why encapsulation is a crucial step in nutraceutical design. In fact, pharmaceutical nanotechnology improves nutraceutical stability and bioavailability through the design and production of efficient nanoparticles (NPs). Lipid nanoparticles protect the bioactive compounds from light and external damage, including the gastric and intestinal conditions, providing a retarded delivery in the target area and guaranteeing the expected therapeutic effect of the nutraceutical. This review will focus on the key aspects of the encapsulation of bioactive compounds into lipid nanoparticles, exploring the pharmaceutical production methods available for the synthesis of NPs containing nutraceuticals. Moreover, the most common nutraceuticals will be discussed, considering the bioactive compounds, their natural source and the described biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blanco-Llamero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.-L.); (J.F.)
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Joel Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.-L.); (J.F.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (E.B.S.)
| | - Francisco J. Señoráns
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.-L.); (J.F.)
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (E.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eimontas J, Striūgas N, Zakarauskas K, Navickas K, Venslauskas K. Synergetic approach for energy recovery from coastal wastes based on combination of biological and thermal treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2755-2770. [PMID: 33678146 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1901148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine biomass is a promising renewable energy source, especially as this waste contains a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose, which can contribute to convert it into energy products using anaerobic digestion (AD) and pyrolysis processes. This work was focused on a synergetic view of marine coastal waste treatment (seaweed) using two different technologies, anaerobic microbiological co-digestion, and pyrolysis. The experiments were performed with two merged technologies to assess the captured energy from the digestate in case it is contaminated. Anaerobic co-digestion was conducted using a periodic load laboratory bench with a vertical biogas digester. An evaluation of possible product yields and composition during pyrolysis at a laboratory-scale bench has been performed. The products obtained after the thermal treatment analyzed using an online gas measurement system and gas chromatographs Agilent 7890A with TCD detector (for gases) and Agilent 7890A with MS detector (for liquids).The results demonstrated that biogas yield was 174.1 l/kg (DM). Seaweed washed by seawater yields a higher amount of biogas (202.5 l/kg). Meanwhile, seaweed, sewage sludge, and digestate samples subjected to thermal treatment produced 17%, 30%, and 15% of liquids products, respectively. The economic performance assessment showed that the application of the developed merged approach on an industrial scale could provide an economic return of up to 8.3 $/100 kg of waste. Based on that, merged AD and pyrolysis technologies could be adapted as a promising technology to valorize seaweed wastes and utilize them as a new sustainable source for renewable energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justas Eimontas
- Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Striūgas
- Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Zakarauskas
- Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Random Mutagenesis as a Promising Tool for Microalgal Strain Improvement towards Industrial Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070440. [PMID: 35877733 PMCID: PMC9318807 DOI: 10.3390/md20070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by high production costs. One major reason for this is that commonly cultivated wildtype strains do not possess the robustness and productivity required for successful industrial production. Several strain improvement technologies have been developed towards creating more stress tolerant and productive strains. While classical methods of forward genetics have been extensively used to determine gene function of randomly generated mutants, reverse genetics has been explored to generate specific mutations and target phenotypes. Site-directed mutagenesis can be accomplished by employing different gene editing tools, which enable the generation of tailor-made genotypes. Nevertheless, strategies promoting the selection of randomly generated mutants avoid the introduction of foreign genetic material. In this paper, we review different microalgal strain improvement approaches and their applications, with a primary focus on random mutagenesis. Current challenges hampering strain improvement, selection, and commercialization will be discussed. The combination of these approaches with high-throughput technologies, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as tools to select the most promising mutants, will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma P, Gujjala LKS, Varjani S, Kumar S. Emerging microalgae-based technologies in biorefinery and risk assessment issues: Bioeconomy for sustainable development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152417. [PMID: 34923013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater treatment is of paramount importance considering the safety of the aquatic ecosystem and its associated health risk to humankind inhabiting near the water bodies. Microalgae-based technologies for remediation of environmental pollutants present avenues for bioenergy applications and production of value-added biochemicals having pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, antioxidants, carbohydrate, phenolics, long-chain multi-faceted fatty acids, enzymes, and proteins which are considered healthy supplements for human health. Such a wide range of products put up a good case for the biorefinery concept. Microalgae play a pivotal role in degrading complex pollutants, such as organic and inorganic contaminants thereby efficiently removing them from the environment. In addition, microalgal species, such as Botryococcus braunii, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Neochloris oleoabundans, Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira, Chlorella, and Tetraselmis sp., etc., are also reported for generation of value-added products. This review presents a holistic view of microalgae based biorefinery starting from cultivation and harvesting of microalgae, the potential for remediation of environmental pollutants, bioenergy application, and production of value-added biomolecules. Further, it summarizes the current understanding of microalgae-based technologies and discusses the risks involved, potential for bioeconomy, and outlines future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uma VS, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Diwan D, Sharma M, Guo M, Tuohy MG, Makatsoris C, Zhao X, Thakur VK, Gupta VK. Valorisation of algal biomass to value-added metabolites: emerging trends and opportunities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:1-26. [PMID: 35250414 PMCID: PMC8889523 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable production of a range of value-added compounds and products including food, feed, fuel. To further augment the commercial value of algal metabolites, efficient valorization methods and biorefining channels are essential. Algal extracts are ideal sources of biotechnologically viable compounds loaded with anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous and several therapeutic and restorative properties. Emerging technologies in biomass valorisation tend to reduce the significant cost burden in large scale operations precisely associated with the pre-treatment, downstream processing and waste management processes. In order to enhance the economic feasibility of algal products in the global market, comprehensive extraction of multi-algal product biorefinery is envisaged as an assuring strategy. Algal biorefinery has inspired the technologists with novel prospectives especially in waste recovery, carbon concentration/sequestration and complete utilisation of the value-added products in a sustainable closed-loop methodology. This review critically examines the latest trends in the algal biomass valorisation and the expansive feedstock potentials in a biorefinery perspective. The recent scope dynamics of algal biomass utilisation such as bio-surfactants, oleochemicals, bio-stimulants and carbon mitigation have also been discussed. The existing challenges in algal biomass valorisation, current knowledge gaps and bottlenecks towards commercialisation of algal technologies are discussed. This review is a comprehensive presentation of the road map of algal biomass valorisation techniques towards biorefinery technology. The global market view of the algal products, future research directions and emerging opportunities are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Uma
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Group, Department of Atomic Energy, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Govt of India, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Deepti Diwan
- School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, UP India
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Maria G. Tuohy
- Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group, Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute and MaREI, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Charalampos Makatsoris
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Future Business Cambridge, Cambond Limited, Centre Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge, CB4 2HY UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Microalgal Biorefinery Concepts’ Developments for Biofuel and Bioproducts: Current Perspective and Bottlenecks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052623. [PMID: 35269768 PMCID: PMC8910654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have received much interest as a biofuel feedstock. However, the economic feasibility of biofuel production from microalgae does not satisfy capital investors. Apart from the biofuels, it is necessary to produce high-value co-products from microalgae fraction to satisfy the economic aspects of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is considered as an alternative for the conventional wastewater treatment in terms of energy consumption, which is suitable for microalgae biorefinery approaches. The energy consumption of a microalgae wastewater treatment system (0.2 kW/h/m3) was reduced 10 times when compared to the conventional wastewater treatment system (to 2 kW/h/m3). Microalgae are rich in various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants; all these valuable products can be utilized by nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. There are several bottlenecks associated with microalgae biorefinery. Hence, it is essential to promote the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery with innovative ideas to produce biofuel with high-value products. This review attempted to bring out the trends and promising solutions to realize microalgal production of multiple products at an industrial scale. New perspectives and current challenges are discussed for the development of algal biorefinery concepts.
Collapse
|
24
|
Carino JDG, Vital PG. Characterization of isolated UV-C-irradiated mutants of microalga Chlorella vulgaris for future biofuel application. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 25:1258-1275. [PMID: 35002483 PMCID: PMC8723916 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-02091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biofuel is considered as one of the most promising sources of alternative energy because it is sustainable and does not pose threats to the environment and food security. However, attempts in improving microalgal strains to attain the ideal characteristics for biofuel application are yet to unravel. In this study, random UV-C mutagenesis was employed to generate starch-deficient mutants of indigenous Chlorella vulgaris to enhance its productivity. Out of 872 colonies, two isolated mutants (cvm5 and cvm6) were isolated and showed significant increase in cell concentrations by > 1.47-fold and > 1.04-fold, respectively. However, mutant cells exhibited smaller in size which might contributed to the significant decrease in their biomass. Moreover, gathered data revealed that the total lipid content of cvm5 was enhanced significantly (75%, > 1.3-fold increase). Additionally, triacylglycerol (TAG) content of the said mutant constitutes 48% of the dry cell weight (DCW) while cvm6 consist of 41% of the DCW. These promising and novel findings suggest that the two generated and isolated mutants are good candidates for future commercial biofuel production, especially in the Philippines. In addition, these findings may contribute on the prior knowledge of the usage of UV-C for microalgal strain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessa DG. Carino
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pierangeli G. Vital
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim S, Ishizawa H, Inoue D, Toyama T, Yu J, Mori K, Ike M, Lee T. Microalgal transformation of food processing byproducts into functional food ingredients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126324. [PMID: 34785335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of food processing byproducts (FPBs) are generated from food manufacturing industries, the second-largest portion of food waste generation. FPBs may require additional cost for post-treatment otherwise cause environmental contamination. Valorization of FPBs into food ingredients by microalgae cultivation can save a high cost for organic carbon sources and nutrients from medium cost. This study reviews FPBs generation categorized by industry and traditional disposal. In contrast with the low-value production, FPBs utilization as the nutrient-abundant medium for microalgae can lead to high-value production. Due to the complex composition in FPBs, various pretreatment methods have been applied to extract the desired compounds and medium preparation. Using the FPB-based medium resulted in cost reduction and a productivity enhancement in previous literature. Although there are still challenges to overcome to achieve economic viability and environmental sustainability, the microalgal transformation of FPBs is attractive for functional food ingredients production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidehiro Ishizawa
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuhiro Mori
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Michihiko Ike
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meng W, Mu T, Marco GV. Seaweeds and microalgal biomass: The future of food and nutraceuticals. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
27
|
Do CVT, Nguyen NTT, Pham MHT, Pham TYT, Ngo VG, Giang Le T, Tran TD. Central composite design for simultaneously optimizing biomass and lutein production by a mixotrophic Chlorella sorokiniana TH01. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Blanco-Llamero C, García-García P, Señoráns FJ. Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates and Their Application in Enzymatic Pretreatment of Microalgae: Comparison Between CLEAs and Combi-CLEAs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794672. [PMID: 34957082 PMCID: PMC8696024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carrier-free immobilization is a key process to develop efficient biocatalysts able to catalyze the cell wall degradation in microalgae where the traditional solid supports cannot penetrate. Thus, the insolubilization of commercial Celluclast®, Alcalase®, and Viscozyme® enzymes by carrier-free immobilization and their application in microalgae pretreatment was investigated. In this study, different precipitants at different ratios (ethanol, acetone, and polyethylene glycol 4000) were tested in the first part of the method, to establish the precipitation conditions. The screening of the best precipitant is needed as it depends on the nature of the enzyme. The best results were studied in terms of immobilization yield, thermal stability, and residual activity and were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a novel strategy was intended including the three enzymes (combi-CLEAs) to catalyze the enzymatic degradation of Nannochloropsis gaditana microalgal cell wall in one pot. The carrier-free immobilized derivatives were 10 times more stable compared to soluble enzymes under the same. At the best conditions showed its usefulness in the pretreatment of microalgae combined with ultrasounds, facilitating the cell disruption and lipid recovery. The results obtained suggested the powerful application of these robust biocatalysts with great catalytic properties on novel and sustainable biomass such as microalgae to achieve cost-effective and green process to extract valuable bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blanco-Llamero
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz García-García
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Señoráns
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
P S, F C I, M B, C C. C. vulgaris growth batch tests using winery waste digestate as promising raw material for biodiesel and stearin production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:266-272. [PMID: 34717214 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of high added value compound from waste stream is fundamental to keep biotechnological processes sustainable. In this study, anaerobic digestion of two highly produced organic waste was integrated with microalgae-based processes both to treat liquid digestate and recover high value compounds. Chlorella vulgaris growth was assessed for lipids accumulation and subsequent recovery, using two types of digestate: organic waste and sewage sludge digestate (DIG-OFMSW) and wine lees digestate (DIG-WL). Growth tests were carried out in batch mode and results showed a slightly higher final biomass concentration from DIG-WL (1.36 ± 0.09 g l-1) compared to DIG-OFMSW (1.05 ± 0.13 g l-1) and a clearly different lipids accumulation yield (28.86 ± 0.05% in DIG-WL compared to 6.1 ± 0.2% of DIG-OFMSW, on total solids). Lipid characterization showed a high oleic acid accumulation (69.52 ± 0.50%w/w in DIG-WL) that positively influence biodiesel properties and a low linolenic acids content (below 0.30%w/w) that comply with European law EN14214 for biodiesel (linolenic acid content lower than 12%w/w). In addition, due to the high concentration of palmitic and stearic acids detected at the end of test, this oil can be used as new substrate to produce stearin, normally produced from palm oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarponi P
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Izzo F C
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Bravi M
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Cavinato C
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Drira M, Hentati F, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Larina V, Sharifian S, Homai A, Fendri I, Lemos MFL, Félix C, Félix R, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. Bioactive Carbohydrate Polymers-Between Myth and Reality. Molecules 2021; 26:7068. [PMID: 34885655 PMCID: PMC8659292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are complex macromolecules long regarded as energetic storage resources or as components of plant and fungal cell walls. They have also been described as plant mucilages or microbial exopolysaccharides. The development of glycosciences has led to a partial and difficult deciphering of their other biological functions in living organisms. The objectives of glycobiochemistry and glycobiology are currently to correlate some structural features of polysaccharides with some biological responses in the producing organisms or in another one. In this context, the literature focusing on bioactive polysaccharides has increased exponentially during the last two decades, being sometimes very optimistic for some new applications of bioactive polysaccharides, notably in the medical field. Therefore, this review aims to examine bioactive polysaccharide, taking a critical look of the different biological activities reported by authors and the reality of the market. It focuses also on the chemical, biochemical, enzymatic, and physical modifications of these biopolymers to optimize their potential as bioactive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Drira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Stanislas Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Viktoria Larina
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmad Homai
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jia YL, Geng SS, Du F, Xu YS, Wang LR, Sun XM, Wang QZ, Li Q. Progress of metabolic engineering for the production of eicosapentaenoic acid. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:838-855. [PMID: 34779326 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1971621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is an essential ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid for human health. Currently, high-quality EPA production is largely dependent on the extraction of fish oil, but this unsustainable approach cannot meet its rising market demand. Biotechnological approaches for EPA production from microorganisms have received increasing attention due to their suitability for large-scale production and independence of the seasonal or climate restrictions. This review summarizes recent research on different microorganisms capable of producing EPA, such as microalgae, bacteria, and fungi, and introduces the different EPA biosynthesis pathways. Notably, some novel engineering strategies have been applied to endow and improve the abilities of microorganisms to synthesize EPA, including the construction and optimization of the EPA biosynthesis pathway, an increase in the acetyl-CoA pool supply, the increase of NADPH and the inhibition of competing pathways. This review aims to provide an updated summary of EPA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Jia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Geng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ru Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Zhuo Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xue Z, Li S, Yu W, Gao X, Zheng X, Yu Y, Kou X. Research advancement and commercialization of microalgae edible oil: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5763-5774. [PMID: 34148229 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global food crisis has led to a great deal of attention being given to microalgal oil as a sustainable natural food source. This article provides an overview of the progress and future directions in promoting the commercialization of microalgal edible oils, including microalgal triglyceride accumulation, suitable edible oil culture strategies for high nutritional value, metabolic engineering, production, and downstream technologies. The integration of the production process, biosafety, and the economic sustainability of microalgal oil production are analyzed for their critical roles in the commercialization of microalgal edible oil to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of microalgal edible oil. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medicinal Plant Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- Functional Food Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Recently, due to the escalating usage of non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum coke in electricity and power generation, and associated issues with pollution and global warming, more attention is being paid to finding alternative renewable fuel sources. Thermochemical and hydrothermal conversion processes have been used to produce biochar and hydrochar, respectively, from waste renewable biomass. Char produced from the thermochemical and hydrothermal decomposition of biomass is considered an environmentally friendly replacement for solid hydrocarbon materials such as coal and petroleum coke. Unlike thermochemically derived biochar, hydrochar has received little attention due to the lack of literature on its production technologies, physicochemical characterization, and applications. This review paper aims to fulfill these objectives and fill the knowledge gaps in the literature relating to hydrochar. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent studies on hydrochar characteristics, reaction mechanisms for char production technology such as hydrothermal carbonization, as well as hydrochar activation and functionalization. In addition, the applications of hydrochar, mainly in the fields of agriculture, pollutant adsorption, catalyst support, bioenergy, carbon sequestration, and electrochemistry are reviewed. With advancements in hydrothermal technologies and other environmentally friendly conversion technologies, hydrochar appears to be an appealing bioresource for a wide variety of energy, environmental, industrial, and commercial applications.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sarma S, Sharma S, Rudakiya D, Upadhyay J, Rathod V, Patel A, Narra M. Valorization of microalgae biomass into bioproducts promoting circular bioeconomy: a holistic approach of bioremediation and biorefinery. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:378. [PMID: 34367870 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for alternative source of fuel has demanded the cultivation of 3rd generation feedstock which includes microalgae, seaweed and cyanobacteria. These phototrophic organisms are unique in a sense that they utilise natural sources like sunlight, water and CO2 for their growth and metabolism thereby producing diverse products that can be processed to produce biofuel, biochemical, nutraceuticals, feed, biofertilizer and other value added products. But due to low biomass productivity and high harvesting cost, microalgae-based production have not received much attention. Therefore, this review provides the state of the art of the microalgae based biorefinery approach to define an economical and sustainable process. The three major segments that need to be considered for economic microalgae biorefinery is low cost nutrient source, efficient harvesting methods and production of by-products with high market value. This review has outlined the use of various wastewater as nutrient source for simultaneous biomass production and bioremediation. Further, it has highlighted the common harvesting methods used for microalgae and also described various products from both raw biomass and delipidified microalgae residues in order to establish a sustainable, economical microalgae biorefinery with a touch of circular bioeconomy. This review has also discussed various challenges to be considered followed by a techno-economic analysis of the microalgae based biorefinery model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamali Sarma
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Shaishav Sharma
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Darshan Rudakiya
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Jinal Upadhyay
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Vinod Rathod
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Aesha Patel
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Madhuri Narra
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Watsuji TO, Naka A, Morita Y, Kurahashi M. Effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on gravity sedimentation of the unicellular alga Dunaliella salina. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The microalgae Dunaliella salina is mainly cultivated as a source of natural β-carotene, but it can also be an important source of other nutrients such as protein, carbohydrate, and lipids. Harvesting and dewatering are considered the most expensive processes in the biomass production, so we proposed gravity sedimentation as a cost-effective method. The effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration on the gravity sedimentation of normal cells and carotenoid-accumulating cells of Dunaliella salina was investigated in this study.
Methods
Dunaliella salina was cultivated in an f/2 culture medium at two different salinities, 12.5% (2.2 M NaCl) and 17.5% (3.3 M NaCl). Carotenoid-accumulating cells were cultivated in a medium without a nitrogen source by removing NaNO3 from the f/2 medium and at two different salinities, 12.5% and 17.5%. For gravity sedimentation tests, 10 mL of the suspended culture media were transferred to conical tubes and wrapped with aluminum foil for shading. The tubes were incubated at 4 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C for 4 h and 18 h. For the gravity sedimentation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, 10 mL of the suspended culture media were transferred to conical tubes and then purged with 20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen or 100% nitrogen for 10 min and wrapped with aluminum foil. The tubes were incubated at 25 °C for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h.
Result
Recovery rates differed with temperature, salinity, and time. The recovery rate of normal cells and carotenoid-accumulating cells reached 79 to 96% at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C at 12.5% and 17.5% of salinity and after 4 h. The recovery rate of both normal and carotenoid-accumulating cells in gravity sedimentation experiments was not significantly affected by changing initial dissolved oxygen in the cell-cultured media.
Conclusion
Considering that gravity sedimentation at the optimum growth temperature for D. salina presented high recovery rates, gravity sedimentation is expected to be a cost-effective method to harvest D. salina from open pond cultivation systems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Matos J, Afonso C, Cardoso C, Serralheiro ML, Bandarra NM. Yogurt Enriched with Isochrysis galbana: An Innovative Functional Food. Foods 2021; 10:1458. [PMID: 34202539 PMCID: PMC8306745 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a valuable and innovative emerging source of natural nutrients and bioactive compounds that can be used as functional ingredients in order to increase the nutritional value of foods to improve human health and to prevent disease. The marine microalga Isochrysis galbana has great potential for the food industry as a functional ingredient, given its richness in ω3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), with high contents of oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), stearidonic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. This study focuses on the formulation of a functional food by the incorporation of 2% (w/w) of I. galbana freeze-dried biomass and 2% (w/w) of I. galbana ethyl acetate lipidic extract in solid natural yogurts preparation. In the functional yogurt enriched with microalgal biomass, the ω3 LC-PUFA's content increased (to 60 mg/100 g w/w), specifically the DHA content (9.6 mg/100 g ww), and the ω3/ω6 ratio (augmented to 0.8). The in vitro digestion study showed a poor bioaccessibility of essential ω3 LC-PUFAs, wherein linoleic acid (18:2 ω6) presented a bioaccessibility inferior to 10% and no DHA or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was detected in the bioaccessible fraction of the functional yogurts, thus indicating a low accessibility of lipids during digestion. Notwithstanding, when compared to the original yogurt, an added value novel functional yogurt with DHA and a higher ω3 LC-PUFAs content was obtained. The functional yogurt enriched with I. galbana can be considered important from a nutritional point of view and a suitable source of essential FAs in the human diet. However, this needs further confirmation, entailing additional investigation into bioavailability through in vivo assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Matos
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (N.M.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (N.M.B.)
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (N.M.B.)
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria L. Serralheiro
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (N.M.B.)
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Regulating the growth and chemical compositions of a freshwater microalga Chlorella sorokiniana by adding myo-inositol to culture media. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Enhancing CO 2 utilization by a physical absorption-based technique in microalgae culture. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1901-1912. [PMID: 33864126 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide supplementation is significant for cell growth in autotrophic cultures of microalgae. However, the CO2 utilization efficiency is quite low in most processes. Aimed at this problem, six kinds of physical absorption enhancers were investigated to enhance the biological carbon sequestration of microalgae. By the addition of a small amount of CO2 absorption enhancer, the total inorganic carbon concentration of the medium was significantly increased. In addition, the biomass productivity of Scenedesmus dimorphus was maximally increased by 63% by the addition of propylene carbonate in flask cultures. In cultures using an air-lift photobioreactor equipped with a pH-feedback control system to supply CO2, the CO2 consumption was maximally reduced by 71% with added polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether. This study indicates that the incorporation of physical absorption enhancers could be a promising approach to overcome the problems of low CO2 utilization efficiency and high carbon source cost in algal biomass production.
Collapse
|
39
|
El Baky HHA, El Baroty GS, Mostafa EM. Optimization Growth of Spirulina (Arthrospira) Platensis in Photobioreactor Under Varied Nitrogen Concentration for Maximized Biomass, Carotenoids and Lipid Contents. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2021; 11:40-48. [PMID: 30588890 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666181227125229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis (SP) microalgae were cultured in Zarrouk Medium (ZM), containing three nitrogen concentrations (N-limited, N-optimal and Nrich medium) in ten liter-photo-bioreactor (10 L PBR) for 15-days, in order to study changes in lipid compounds (total carotenoids and total lipids and their effect on fatty acid profile). Based on US patent, the yield of bioactive compounds (such as gamma-linolenic acid GLA, C18:3) extracted from microalgae biomass, mainly depends on the extraction processes (1). GLA has much attention with respect to its therapeutic properties such as its ability to decrease blood cholesterol levels. METHODS The impact of the addition of N in cultures of S. platensis in terms of growth, biomasses and induced lipid compounds (total carotenoids and total lipid contents and its fatty acid profile), as well as the Sonication (SON) and Microwave (MIC) process as aiding techniques for lipid extraction compared with a Cold Condition (COL), was examined. GC/MS method was used to determine the fatty acid profile of lipid extract of SP cultures. RESULTS In all S. platensis tested culture, the SP was growing successfully, with varying degrees. In N-rich media, the highest cell growth rate and biomass yield were obtained compared with that recorded in other cultures. Under an N-limited condition, SP had higher Total Carotenoids (TCAR, 45.54 mg/g dw) and total lipid contents (TL, 29.51%± 1.92 g/100g dw) compared with that recorded either in N-rich (11.2 mg/g dw) or in N-optimal (6.23 mg/g dw) cultures. Thus, SP copes with the N -stress by altering the metabolic pathways towards inducing lipid biosynthesis. To maximize the TL and TCAR extraction yields, from N-limited cultures, a set of operating process was applied including the Sonication (SON) and Microwave (MIC), which were used as aiding techniques for lipid extraction compared with the Cold Condition (COL) techniques. The results showed that the extraction efficiency of the S. platensis TL increased in the following order: MIC (29.51%± 1.92) > SON (25.46% ± 1.65> COL (20.43% ±1.43). In a comparative study for its fatty acid profiles (FAPs) among all SP cultures, lipids were analyzed by GC/MS. The predominant fatty acids (>10%, of total FA) were found to be myristic acid (C14:0, MA), palmitic acid (C16:0, PA) and oleic acid (C18:1). CONCLUSION The study concluded that the N-limited condition was found to have a strong influence on biomass dry weight and lipid contents and total carotenoids in SP cells compared to either Nrich or N-optimal conditions. The use of sonication and the microwave techniques lead to a great increase in the extraction of lipid contents and in high amount Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) in N-limited cultures, in particular, the omega-6 (ω 6) and omega-3 (ω 3) of the essential C18 fatty acids. It seems that the SP rich in lipid content with a high amount of GLC produced under nitrogen limitation in PBR conditions can be used as a food additive or as a nutritional supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Abd El Baky
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal S El Baroty
- Biochemistry Department of, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Mostafa
- Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Pilot plant unit at National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Engineering cyanobacteria with enhanced growth in simulated flue gases for high-yield bioethanol production. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Vieira MV, Pastrana LM, Fuciños P. Microalgae Encapsulation Systems for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E644. [PMID: 33333921 PMCID: PMC7765346 DOI: 10.3390/md18120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are microorganisms with a singular biochemical composition, including several biologically active compounds with proven pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. These properties make microalgae an interesting natural resource to be used as a functional ingredient, as well as in the prevention and treatment of diseases, or cosmetic formulations. Nevertheless, natural bioactives often possess inherent chemical instability and/or poor solubility, which are usually associated with low bioavailability. As such, their industrial potential as a health-promoting substance might be severely compromised. In this context, encapsulation systems are considered as a promising and emerging strategy to overcome these shortcomings due to the presence of a surrounding protective layer. Diverse systems have already been reported in the literature for natural bioactives, where some of them have been successfully applied to microalgae compounds. Therefore, this review focuses on exploring encapsulation systems for microalgae biomass, their extracts, or purified bioactives for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic purposes. Moreover, this work also covers the most common encapsulation techniques and types of coating materials used, along with the main findings regarding the beneficial effects of these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Fuciños
- Food Processing and Nutrition Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.V.); (L.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang R, Yuen AK, de Nys R, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. Step by step extraction of bio-actives from the brown seaweeds, Carpophyllum flexuosum, Carpophyllum plumosum, Ecklonia radiata and Undaria pinnatifida. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
43
|
Navarro-López E, Cerón-García MDC, López-Rodríguez M, Acién-Fernández FG, Molina-Grima E. Biostimulants obtained after pilot-scale high-pressure homogenization of Scenedesmus sp. grown in pig manure. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
Mohan Singh H, Tyagi VV, Kothari R, Azam R, Singh Slathia P, Singh B. Bioprocessing of cultivated Chlorella pyrenoidosa on poultry excreta leachate to enhance algal biomolecule profile for resource recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123850. [PMID: 32738558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on poultry excreta leachate to enhance the biochemical composition of algal biomass. The growth of microalgae was analyzed with different concentrations of poultry excreta leachate in BG-11 and distilled water. The biomolecules observed have high value in the form of carbohydrates (0.64 gL-1), protein (1.02 gL-1), chlorophyll (20 µg mL-1) and lipid amount (0.49 gL-1) with PEL BG -25%. Biomass produced in PEL BG -25% was also found to be 60% (2.5 gL-1) higher than the BG-11 medium as a control (1.5gL-1). Recovery of nutrients was observed with leachate wastewater concentration in terms of nitrate (84.2%), ammonium nitrogen (53.1%), and inorganic phosphate (96.2%). Hence, sustainability of microalgae cultivation in wastewater provides a new insight for resource utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu (J&K) 182320, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu (J&K) 182320, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba (J&K) 181143, India.
| | - Rifat Azam
- Bioenergy and Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P 226025, India
| | - Parvez Singh Slathia
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu (J&K) 182320, India
| | - Bhaskar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Enhancing the lipid content of Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM by controlled acidification under indoor and outdoor conditions. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
46
|
Wirth R, Pap B, Böjti T, Shetty P, Lakatos G, Bagi Z, Kovács KL, Maróti G. Chlorella vulgaris and Its Phycosphere in Wastewater: Microalgae-Bacteria Interactions During Nutrient Removal. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:557572. [PMID: 33072721 PMCID: PMC7537789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.557572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae-based bioenergy production is a promising field with regard to the wide variety of algal species and metabolic potential. The use of liquid wastes as nutrient clearly improves the sustainability of microalgal biofuel production. Microalgae and bacteria have an ecological inter-kingdom relationship. This microenvironment called phycosphere has a major role in the ecosystem productivity and can be utilized both in bioremediation and biomass production. However, knowledge on the effects of indigenous bacteria on microalgal growth and the characteristics of bacterial communities associated with microalgae are limited. In this study municipal, industrial and agricultural liquid waste derivatives were used as cultivation media. Chlorella vulgaris green microalgae and its bacterial partners efficiently metabolized the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous content available in these wastes. The read-based metagenomics approach revealed a diverse microbial composition at the start point of cultivations in the different types of liquid wastes. The relative abundance of the observed taxa significantly changed over the cultivation period. The genome-centric reconstruction of phycospheric bacteria further explained the observed correlations between the taxonomic composition and biomass yield of the various waste-based biodegradation systems. Functional profile investigation of the reconstructed microbes revealed a variety of relevant biological processes like organic acid oxidation and vitamin B synthesis. Thus, liquid wastes were shown to serve as valuable resources of nutrients as well as of growth promoting bacteria enabling increased microalgal biomass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Böjti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Prateek Shetty
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Lakatos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L. Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Baja, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Wang F, Gao B, Dai C, Su M, Zhang C. Comprehensive utilization of the filamentous oleaginous microalga Tribonema utriculosum for the production of lipids and chrysolaminarin in a biorefinery concept. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
49
|
Wieczorek N, Kucuker MA, Büscher N, Kuchta K. Outdoor cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in third generation biorefinery: Resource savings through medium recycling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123403. [PMID: 32339891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of resource requirements for the outdoor cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana using 180 L flat panel photobioreactors through medium recycling was investigated in this study. Without medium recycling, algae grew in 13.6 d from 0.92 to 5.32 gL-1with a productivity of 0.32 gL-1d-1. For the production of 748 g algae dry weight (DW), 152gkg-1 N, 27 gkg-1 P and 231 Lkg-1 water were needed. A realistic cultivation model with the recycling of medium and a productivity of 0.4 gL-1d-1 was set up based on experimental data, in which the requirements decreased to 104gkg-1 N, 24 gkg-1 P and 141 Lkg-1 water. Compared to the production of lutein-containing plant Tagetes erecta, water and potassium requirements of up to 91% less and 96% respectively and higher biomass productivity by the factor 3.7 was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wieczorek
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Harburger Schloßstr, 36 - 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Kucuker
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Niclas Büscher
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Harburger Schloßstr, 36 - 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Harburger Schloßstr, 36 - 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kumar Saini D, Yadav D, Pabbi S, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Phycobiliproteins from Anabaena variabilis CCC421 and its production enhancement strategies using combinatory evolutionary algorithm approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123347. [PMID: 32334343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The production of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from cyanobacteria represents both the industrial application and their commercial value. In this study, the capability of Anabaena variabilis CCC421 for the production of PBPs was evaluated which was further improved by optimization of selected BG-11 medium components viz. FAC, K2HPO4 and trace metals. A design matrix approach using evolutionary algorithm comprised of genetic-algorithm (GA) and fuzzy-logic-methodology (FLM), i.e., GA-Fuzzy, was used for the optimization. The maximum production of PBPs obtained with combinatory approach of GA-Fuzzy was 408.5 mg/L at an optimum combination of factors (FAC 0.153 g/L, K2HPO4 0.2 g/L and Trace metals 0.5 ml/L) which was a 2.13 fold more than the control medium. This novel approach is very useful for modulating biological processes since various nutrients and metabolites have greater influence on these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue-Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, Haryana, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue-Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|