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Wang H, Chen N, Xie F, Verkasalo E, Chu J. Structural Properties and Hydrolysability of Paulownia elongate: The Effects of Pretreatment Methods Based on Acetic Acid and Its Combination with Sodium Sulfite or Sodium Sulfite. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105775. [PMID: 35628579 PMCID: PMC9144951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of CH3COOH and Na2SO3 pretreatment on the structural properties and hydrolyzability of fast-growing Paulownia elongate were investigated. Acetic acid increased cellulose’s crystallinity and hydrolyzability when combined with alkaline sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide. The cellulose content increased by 21%, the lignin content decreased by 6%, and the product showed better enzymatic digestibility. With a cellulase dose of 30 FPU/g DM, after 72 h hydrolysis, the hydrolysis yields of glucose and xylose were 78% and 83%, respectively, which were 51% and 69% higher than those of untreated materials. When the enzyme dosage was 20 FPU/g DM, after 72 h hydrolysis, the hydrolysis yields of glucose and xylose were 74% and 79%, respectively. The high hydrolyzability, low enzyme loading, and high hydrolysis yield demonstrate the potential of the proposed system for producing platform sugars from fast-growing Paulownia elongate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (N.C.); (F.X.)
| | - Ni Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (N.C.); (F.X.)
| | - Feifan Xie
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (N.C.); (F.X.)
| | - Erkki Verkasalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Yliopistokatu 6, 80100 Joensuu, Finland;
| | - Jie Chu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.W.); (N.C.); (F.X.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
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3
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Cayetano RDA, Kim TH. Two-stage processing of Miscanthus giganteus using anhydrous ammonia and hot water for effective xylan recovery and improved enzymatic saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:163-170. [PMID: 29414163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage method using gaseous ammonia and hot water was proposed to recover xylan and lignin from Miscanthus. In this method, Miscanthus was treated with gaseous ammonia at elevated temperatures (60-150 °C) for various reaction times (1-48 h) in the first stage, termed as LMAA (low-moisture anhydrous ammonia) treatment. In the following stage, the LMAA-treated solid was subjected to hot-water treatment in a flow-through column reactor under various reaction conditions (170-220 °C, 30-90 min). After two-stage processing, the remaining solid contained mostly glucan (∼80% cellulose), which became highly digestible by enzymes. The optimal treatment conditions for sugar recovery using two-stage process were 120 °C and 12 h for the 1st stage and 190 °C, 90 min, and 5 mL/min for the 2nd stage, which resulted in 84.2% xylan recovery in liquid phase and 95.3% glucan digestibility of the treated solid, using 15 FPU/g-glucan enzyme loading after the two-stage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roent Dune A Cayetano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Mouthier TMB, Kilic B, Vervoort P, Gruppen H, Kabel MA. Potential of a gypsum-free composting process of wheat straw for mushroom production. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185901. [PMID: 28982119 PMCID: PMC5628895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat straw based composting generates a selective substrate for mushroom production. The first phase of this process requires 5 days, and a reduction in time is wished. Here, we aim at understanding the effect of gypsum on the duration of the first phase and the mechanism behind it. Hereto, the regular process with gypsum addition and the same process without gypsum were studied during a 5-day period. The compost quality was evaluated based on compost lignin composition analysed by py-GC/MS and its degradability by a commercial (hemi-)cellulolytic enzyme cocktail. The composting phase lead to the decrease of the pyrolysis products 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol that can be associated with p-coumarates and ferulates linking xylan and lignin. In the regular compost, the enzymatic conversion reached 32 and 39% for cellulose, and 23 and 32% for xylan after 3 and 5 days, respectively. In absence of gypsum similar values were reached after 2 and 4 days, respectively. Thus, our data show that in absence of gypsum the desired compost quality was reached 20% earlier compared to the control process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut M. B. Mouthier
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baris Kilic
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Harry Gruppen
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Aqueous ammonia pretreatment of sugar beet pulp for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1603-1609. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Pretreatment of Hardwood and Miscanthus with Trametes versicolor for Bioenergy Conversion and Densification Strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1401-1413. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Chong GG, He YC, Liu QX, Kou XQ, Qing Q. Sequential Aqueous Ammonia Extraction and LiCl/N,N-Dimethyl Formamide Pretreatment for Enhancing Enzymatic Saccharification of Winter Bamboo Shoot Shell. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1341-1357. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Cai D, Dong Z, Wang Y, Chen C, Li P, Qin P, Wang Z, Tan T. Co-generation of microbial lipid and bio-butanol from corn cob bagasse in an environmentally friendly biorefinery process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:345-51. [PMID: 27259190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biorefinery process of corn cob bagasse was investigated by integrating microbial lipid and ABE fermentation. The effects of NaOH concentration on the fermentations performance were evaluated. The black liquor after pretreatment was used as substrate for microbial lipid fermentation, while the enzymatic hydrolysates of the bagasse were used for ABE fermentation. The results demonstrated that under the optimized condition, the cellulose and hemicellulose in raw material could be effectively utilized. Approximate 87.7% of the polysaccharides were converted into valuable biobased products (∼175.7g/kg of ABE along with ∼36.6g/kg of lipid). At the same time, almost half of the initial COD (∼48.9%) in the black liquor could be degraded. The environmentally friendly biorefinery process showed promising in maximizing the utilization of biomass for future biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhongshi Dong
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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9
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Padmanabhan S, Schwyter P, Liu Z, Poon G, Bell AT, Prausnitz JM. Delignification of miscanthus using ethylenediamine (EDA) with or without ammonia and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:23. [PMID: 28330098 PMCID: PMC4711287 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment of miscanthus is essential for efficient enzymatic
production of cellulosic ethanol. This study reports a possible pretreatment method
for miscanthus using aqueous ethylenediamine (EDA) for 30 min at 180 °C with or
without ammonia. The mass ratio of miscanthus to EDA was varied from 1:3, 1:1, and
1:0.5, keeping the mass ratio of miscanthus to liquid (EDA + Water) constant at 1:8.
The ammonia-to-miscanthus ratio was 1:0.25. After pretreatment with a ratio of 1:3
miscanthus to EDA, about 75 % of the lignin was removed from the raw miscanthus with
90 % retention of cellulose and 50 % of hemicellulose in the recovered solid.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of the recovered solid miscanthus gave 63 % glucose and 62 %
xylose conversion after 72 h. EDA provides an effective pretreatment for miscanthus,
achieving good delignification and enhanced sugar yield by enzyme hydrolysis.
Results using aqueous EDA with or without ammonia are much better than those using
hot water and compare favorably with those using aqueous ammonia. The
delignification efficiency of EDA pretreatment is high compared to that for
hot-water pretreatment and is nearly as efficient as that obtained for
aqueous-ammonia pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasisanker Padmanabhan
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA.
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd, Pune, 412115, India.
| | - Philippe Schwyter
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
| | - Zhongguo Liu
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
| | - Geoffrey Poon
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA
| | - John M Prausnitz
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1462, USA.
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10
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Boakye-Boaten NA, Xiu S, Shahbazi A, Wang L, Li R, Schimmel K. Uses of miscanthus press juice within a green biorefinery platform. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:285-292. [PMID: 26896712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses some uses of nutrient-rich juice mechanically extracted from freshly harvested Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) as part of a green biorefinery system. The juice was used for culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria. MxG juice was further used as substrate for fermentation to produce lactic acid using Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results show that MxG juice was a highly nutritious source for the cultivation of bacteria. Higher concentrations of MxG juice used as culture media, resulted in higher cell growth both aerobically and anaerobically. The highest ethanol yield of 70% theoretical and concentration of 0.75g/100ml were obtained from S. cerevisiae cultivated with 90% (v/v) MxG juice media and used for miscanthus solid fraction fermentation. 11.91g/L of lactic acid was also successfully produced from MxG juice through SSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Abayie Boakye-Boaten
- Energy and Environmental Systems Program, College of Arts and Science, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Shuangning Xiu
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States.
| | - Abolghasem Shahbazi
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Lijun Wang
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Rui Li
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A & T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, United States; Biological Engineering Program, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Keith Schimmel
- Energy and Environmental Systems Program, College of Arts and Science, North Carolina A & T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
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11
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Vasco-Correa J, Ge X, Li Y. Fungal pretreatment of non-sterile miscanthus for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:118-123. [PMID: 26722811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus was pretreated with the fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under non-sterile conditions, using sterile miscanthus that had been previously colonized with the fungus as the inoculum. Inoculum ratios equal to or greater than 30% yielded a successful pretreatment, enhancing the enzymatic digestibility of miscanthus by 3- to 4-fold over that of raw miscanthus, which was comparable with the fungal pretreatment under sterile conditions. This enhanced digestibility was linearly correlated with lignin degradation. Although cellulose loss of up to 13% was observed for the successful non-sterile pretreatments, the final glucose yield was 3-4 times higher than that of raw miscanthus and comparable to that of the sterile pretreated miscanthus. A time course study showed that maximum glucose yield can be achieved with a pretreatment time of 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vasco-Correa
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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12
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Wang J, Xin D, Hou X, Wu J, Fan X, Li K, Zhang J. Structural properties and hydrolysabilities of Chinese Pennisetum and Hybrid Pennisetum: Effect of aqueous ammonia pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:211-219. [PMID: 26320389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of aqueous ammonia pretreatment on structural properties and hydrolysabilities of Chinese Pennisetum and Hybrid Pennisetum were investigated. Aqueous ammonia pretreatment increased cellulose crystallinities and hydrolysabilities of Chinese Pennisetum and Hybrid Pennisetum. Compared with Chinese Pennisetum, Hybrid Pennisetum showed better enzymatic digestibility. Xylanase supplementation was more effective than the increase of cellulase loadings in the hydrolysis of aqueous ammonia pretreated Chinese Pennisetum and Hybrid Pennisetum. After supplementation of 2mg of xylanase/g dry matter to 5 FPU of cellulases/g dry matter, the hydrolysis yields of cellulose of aqueous ammonia pretreated Chinese Pennisetum and Hybrid Pennisetum were 92.3-95.4%, and the hydrolysis yields of xylan were 86.9-94.2%. High hydrolysability and low dosage of enzyme loadings together with the advantages of high yield and widely distribution demonstrated the potential of Chinese Pennisetum and Hybrid Pennisetum for the production of platform sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Donglin Xin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xincun Hou
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Kena Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
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13
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Yang F, Afzal W, Cheng K, Liu N, Pauly M, Bell AT, Liu Z, Prausnitz JM. Nitric-acid hydrolysis of Miscanthus giganteus to sugars fermented to bioethanol. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Behavior of Cellulose and Xylan in Aqueous Ammonia Pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2626-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Xu Z, Huang F. Pretreatment methods for bioethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:43-62. [PMID: 24972651 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood, grass, agricultural, and forest residues, are potential resources for the production of bioethanol. The current biochemical process of converting biomass to bioethanol typically consists of three main steps: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. For this process, pretreatment is probably the most crucial step since it has a large impact on the efficiency of the overall bioconversion. The aim of pretreatment is to disrupt recalcitrant structures of cellulosic biomass to make cellulose more accessible to the enzymes that convert carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars. This paper reviews several leading acidic, neutral, and alkaline pretreatments technologies. Different pretreatment methods, including dilute acid pretreatment (DAP), steam explosion pretreatment (SEP), organosolv, liquid hot water (LHW), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), sodium hydroxide/lime pretreatments, and ozonolysis are intensively introduced and discussed. In this minireview, the key points are focused on the structural changes primarily in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin during the above leading pretreatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China,
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16
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Bouxin FP, David Jackson S, Jarvis MC. Isolation of high quality lignin as a by-product from ammonia percolation pretreatment of poplar wood. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:236-242. [PMID: 24755321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A two-step process combining percolation-mode ammonia pretreatment of poplar sawdust with mild organosolv purification of the extracted lignin produced high quality, high purity lignin in up to 31% yield and 50% recovery. The uncondensed fraction of the isolated lignin was up to 34%, close to that the native lignin (40%). Less lignin was recovered after pretreatment in batch mode, apparently due to condensation during the longer residence time of the solubilised lignin at elevated temperature. The lignin recovery was directly correlated with its molecular weight and its nitrogen content. Low nitrogen incorporation, observed at high ammonia concentration, may be explained by limited homolytic cleavage of β-O-4 bonds. Ammonia concentrations from 15% to 25% (w/w) gave similar results in terms of lignin structure, yield and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent P Bouxin
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - S David Jackson
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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17
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Swiątek K, Lewandowska M, Swiątek M, Bednarski W, Brzozowski B. The improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of rape straw and Miscanthus giganteus polysaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:323-31. [PMID: 24269826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The research was carried out with the aim to determine the impact of various combinations of cellulase and hemicellulase preparations on the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides of rape straw and Miscanthus giganteus after alkaline pretreatment. Their effectiveness was evaluated based on the quantity of saccharides released during enzymatic reaction and yield calculated in respect of the sum of polysaccharides present in native substrates. The complex of preparations produced from Trichoderma longibrachiatum fungi turned out to be the most effective. The study demonstrated a significant effect of xylanases from T. longibrachiatum, the presence of which evoked a 27-45% increase in the effectiveness of polysaccharides hydrolysis compared to the enzymatic complexes without their addition. In addition, results achieved in this study confirmed the necessity of applying the pretreatment in lignocellulose substrates conversion into bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Swiątek
- Chair of Food Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Humpula JF, Uppugundla N, Vismeh R, Sousa L, Chundawat SPS, Jones AD, Balan V, Dale BE, Cheh AM. Probing the nature of AFEX-pretreated corn stover derived decomposition products that inhibit cellulase activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:38-45. [PMID: 24275024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sequential fractionation of AFEX-pretreated corn stover extracts was carried out using ultra-centrifugation, ultra-filtration, and solid phase extraction to isolate various classes of pretreatment products to evaluate their inhibitory effect on cellulases. Ultra-centrifugation removed dark brown precipitates that caused no appreciable enzyme inhibition. Ultra-filtration of ultra-centrifuged AFEX-pretreated corn stover extractives using a 10 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membrane removed additional high molecular weight components that accounted for 24-28% of the total observed enzyme inhibition while a 3 kDa MWCO membrane removed 60-65%, suggesting significant inhibition is caused by oligomeric materials. Solid phase extraction (SPE) of AFEX-pretreated corn stover extractives after ultra-centrifugation removed 34-43% of the inhibition; ultra-filtration with a 5 kDa membrane removed 44-56% of the inhibition and when this ultra-filtrate was subjected to SPE a total of 69-70% of the inhibition were removed. Mass spectrometry found several phenolic compounds among the hydrophobic inhibition removed by SPE adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Humpula
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nirmal Uppugundla
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ramin Vismeh
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leonardo Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shishir P S Chundawat
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Albert M Cheh
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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