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Chang X, Wu P, Chu Y, Zhou Y, Tang Y. Pyrolysis-induced migration and transformation of heavy metals in sewage sludge containing microplastics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 189:401-409. [PMID: 39241558 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Stabilizing heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge is urgently needed to facilitate its recycling and reuse. Pyrolysis stands out as a promising method for not only stabilizing these metals but also producing biochar. Our research delves into the migration and transformation of specific HMs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) during co-pyrolysis under various conditions, including the presence and absence of microplastics (PVC and PET). We examined different concentrations of these plastics (1 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) and temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C). Findings reveal that microplastics, particularly PVC, enhance the migration of Zn and Mn, leading to significant volatilization of Zn and Pb at higher temperatures, peaking at 700 °C. The increase in temperature also markedly influences HM migration, with As showcasing notable loss rates that climbed by 18.0 % and 16.3 % in systems with PET and PVC, respectively, as temperatures soared from 300 °C to 700 °C. Moreover, our speciation analysis indicates that microplastics aid in transforming certain HMs from unstable to more stable forms, suggesting their beneficial role in HM stabilization during pyrolysis. This study significantly enriches our understanding of microplastics' impact on HM behavior in sewage sludge pyrolysis, offering new avenues for pollution control and environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yaozhu Chu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ying Zhou
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wilk M, Śliz M, Czerwińska K, Śledź M. The effect of an acid catalyst on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118820. [PMID: 37611519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This research is focused on the addition of a catalyst, sulphuric acid (VI), to sewage sludge, and its effect on solid and liquid products resulting from the hydrothermal carbonization process. Consequently, for hydrochars, proximate and ultimate analyses, higher heating value and specific surface area were determined. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometric and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted. The heavy metal contents in the ash composition of hydrochars were identified by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It was confirmed that the catalyst addition changed the structure as well as the physical and chemical properties of hydrochars and their ashes. Regarding post-processing water, both pH value and conductivity were determined and the element composition, including heavy metals, was conducted by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry analyses. It was found that the addition of the catalyst caused a decrease in heavy metal contents and an increase of phosphorus compound in filtrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wilk
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Śliz
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Czerwińska
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Śledź
- Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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Manikandan V, Anushkkaran P, Hwang IS, Song MS, Kumar M, Chae WS, Lee HH, Ryu J, Mahadik MA, Jang JS. Influence of CoO x surface passivation and Sn/Zr-co-doping on the photocatalytic activity of Fe 2O 3 nanorod photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation and photo-Fenton degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139255. [PMID: 37356589 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal and wet impregnation methods are presented in this study for synthesizing CoOx(1 wt%)/Sn-Zr codoped-Fe2O3 nanorod photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants and deactivation of bacteria. A hydrothermal route was used to synthesize self-assembled rod-like hierarchical structures of Sn(0-6%) doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs. Additionally, a wet impregnation method was used to load CoOx onto the surface of photocatalysts (Sn(0-6%)-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs). A series of 1 wt% CoOx modified Sn(0-6%)-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs were synthesized, characterized, and utilized for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants, along with the killing of E. coli and S. aureus. In comparison with 0, 2, and 6% Sn co-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs, the CoOx(1 wt%)/4%Sn/Zr-Fe2O3 NRs photocatalyst exhibited an E. coli and S. aureus inactivation efficiencies (90 and 98%). A bio-TEM study of treated and untreated bacterial cells revealed that the CoOx(1 wt%)/4%Sn/Zr-Fe2O3 NRs photocatalyst led to considerable changes in the bacterial cell membranes' morphology. The optimal CoOx(1 wt%)/Sn(4%) co-doped Zr-Fe2O3 NRs photocatalyst achieved degradation efficiencies of 98.5% and 94.6% for BPA and orange II dye. As a result, this work will provide a facile and effective method for developing visible light-active photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation and organic pollutants degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Manikandan
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Periyasamy Anushkkaran
- Department of Integrative Environmental Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seon Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Song
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hwi Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, South Korea.
| | - Mahadeo A Mahadik
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jum Suk Jang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Environmental Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Stobernack N, Malek C. Hydrothermal carbonization combined with thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge: Effects of MgCl 2 on the migration of phosphorus and heavy metal. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 165:150-158. [PMID: 37127003 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a non-regenerative and finite raw material. Due to its decreasing availability, and to protect the environment, recycling methods are needed. With the focus on closing nutrient cycles, sewage sludge (SS) is a potential source for P recovery. The objective of this study was to produce a mineral P-reach fertilizer. For this purpose, the treatment of SS in a multi-stage process, consisting of a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and thermochemical post-treatment was examined and compared with a direct thermochemical treatment. The focus was on the transformation of P and the migration of the heavy metals during the processes. In addition, the role of MgCl2 as an additive was examined. During the HTC, most of the P remained in the HTC-char, so that the P content increased in the HTC-char compared with the SS. The addition of MgCl2 to the process resulted in lower transportation rates of P in the liquid phase and higher P solubilities in water, citric acid, and alkalic ammonium citrate out of the solid phase. The thermochemical treatment of SS and the HTC-chars further concentrated P in the ash. Retention rates of >97% were achieved, and P2O5 contents in the ash were as high as ∼16 wt-%. The presence of the additive resulted in (i) higher retention rates of P in the ashes (ii) higher P-solubility and (iii) higher removal rates of easily volatile heavy metals such as Pb and Zn, and the treatment of HTC-char favored these effects compared with the direct treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Stobernack
- Metabolon Institute, TH Köln (University of Applied Sciences), Am Berkebach 1, 51789 Lindlar, Germany.
| | - Christian Malek
- Metabolon Institute, TH Köln (University of Applied Sciences), Am Berkebach 1, 51789 Lindlar, Germany
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Chan YH, Lock SSM, Chin BLF, Wong MK, Loy ACM, Foong SY, Yiin CL, Lam SS. Progress in thermochemical co-processing of biomass and sludge for sustainable energy, value-added products and circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129061. [PMID: 37075852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the main goal of net zero carbon emission, the shift from conventional fossil-based energy/products to renewable and low carbon-based energy/products is necessary. Biomass has been perceived as a carbon-neutral source from which energy and value-added products can be derived, while sludge is a slurry waste that inherently contains high amount of minerals and organic matters. Hence, thermochemical co-processing of biomass wastes and sludge could create positive synergistic effects, resulting in enhanced performance of the process (higher conversion or yield) and improved qualities or characteristics of the products as compared to that of mono-processing. This review presents the current progress and development for various thermochemical techniques of biomass-sludge co-conversion to energy and high-value products, and the potential applications of these products from circular economy's point of view. Also, these technologies are discussed from economic and environmental standpoints, and the outlook towards technology maturation and successful commercialization is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Herng Chan
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- CO(2) Research Center (CO(2)RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Shin Ying Foong
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chung Loong Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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6
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Ebrahimi M, Friedl J, Vahidi M, Rowlings DW, Bai Z, Dunn K, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Effects of hydrochar derived from hydrothermal treatment of sludge and lignocellulose mixtures on soil properties, nitrogen transformation, and greenhouse gases emissions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135792. [PMID: 35872065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrochar samples derived from hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of sludge and sludge-biomass mixtures were applied to a sandy soil and their effects on soil properties, soil nutrients, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and soluble heavy metals were investigated. The application of untreated sludge and hydrochar derived from HTT of sludge at 180 °C led to the highest soluble nitrate, CO2 and N2O emissions, followed by the application of hydrochar samples derived from HTT of sludge-biomass mixtures at 180 °C. Although the application of hydrochar samples derived from HTT of sludge alone and sludge-biomass mixtures at 240 °C in sandy soil led to the lowest emissions of CO2 and N2O, it resulted in lower levels of soil electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soluble phosphorus. The application of hydrochar samples derived from HTT at 240 °C led to the production of CH4 and lower nitrate-N contents than hydrochar samples derived from HTT at 180 °C. These results indicated that the soils containing hydrochar samples from HTT at 240 °C were anaerobic, which might inhibit the growth of plants. The application of hydrochar samples derived from HTT of sludge-biomass at 180 °C led to significantly improved contents of soil soluble phosphorus (2.56 and 2.84 g kg-1 soil) and soil nitrate-N (160.2 and 263.2 mg kg-1 soil) at the end of 60 days of incubation. However, these contents were lower than the contents of soluble phosphorus (3.71 and 4.45 g kg-1 soil) and nitrate-N (528.3 and 583.2 mg kg-1 soil) with the application of untreated sludge and sludge derived from HTT of sludge alone at 180 °C. Although more studies are needed to understand the mechanisms and effects on different soils, this study provides useful insights into the application of hydrochar derived from sludge-biomass mixture in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Johannes Friedl
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Mohammadjavad Vahidi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - David W Rowlings
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kameron Dunn
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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7
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Ebrahimi M, Hassanpour M, Rowlings DW, Bai Z, Dunn K, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Effects of lignocellulosic biomass type on nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal from digested sludge by hydrothermal treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115524. [PMID: 35717693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sludge is a nutrient-rich organic waste generated from wastewater treatment plants. However, the application of sludge as a nutrient source is limited by its high contents of water and pollutants. In this study, the effects of biomass type on nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal from digested sludge by hydrothermal treatment (HTT) were investigated. Blending biomass with digested sludge for HTT at 180-240 °C increased the recovery of nitrogen in the treated solids. At the HTT temperature of 240 °C, HTT with hardwood sawdust led to the highest nitrogen recovery of 70.6%, compared to the lowest nitrogen recovery of 36.5% without biomass. Blending biomass slightly decreased the recovery of phosphorus compared to those without biomass. Nevertheless, the lowest phosphorus recovery of 91.3% with the use of hardwood sawdust at the HTT temperature of 240 °C was only ∼7.0% less than that without biomass. Blending biomass reduced the contents of macro-metals such as Ca, Fe, Mg and Al in treated solids but the metal contents varied with different biomasses. Regarding the heavy metals, the use of rice husk did not decrease the contents of Ni and Co while blending bagasse did not decrease the content of Cr at HTT temperatures of 210 °C and 240 °C compared to the use of other biomasses. The different effects of biomass type on nutrient recovery and heavy metals were likely related to the types and abundances of organic acids such as acetic acid, oxygen-containing functional groups such as C-OH and COOH, oxide minerals such as silica from biomasses and the overall effects of these factors. This study provides very useful information in selection of lignocellulosic biomass for HTT of sludge for nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Morteza Hassanpour
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - David W Rowlings
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kameron Dunn
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia.
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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Zhang D, Lin X, Ma B, Zhang H. Analysis of Pyrolysis Characteristics of Oily Sludge in Different Regions and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Pyrolysis Residue. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26265-26274. [PMID: 35936420 PMCID: PMC9352164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a resource treatment method, pyrolysis realizes the recovery of oil and immobilization of heavy metals in oily sludge (OS). The results showed that the composition of OS had little effect on the trend of the whole pyrolysis process, but it had different effects on the mass loss and maximum weight loss rate at each pyrolysis stage. SEM-EDS results showed that the pyrolysis residue had a porous internal structure, which was similar to that of activated carbon. The elements S, Ca, O, Fe, Al, and Si were embedded in the carbon skeleton. After OS pyrolysis, the oil content of the solid residue was far less than 2%, which met the pollution control requirements for comprehensive utilization specified in China's oil and gas industry standard. At the same time, the ratio of exchangeable fraction decreased and the ratio of residual fraction increased after OS pyrolysis. The potential ecological hazard coefficient (E r) of Cd in OS2, OS2-500, and OS2-600 was greater than 40, which were strong and medium hazards. The E r values of OS2-700 and other metals were far lower than 40, which were low hazards. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the comprehensive ecological hazard index (RI) of heavy metals in the residue gradually decreased and the RI value of OS2-700 decreased to 28.01. Therefore, the pyrolysis residue had an internal porous structure and controllable environmental risk. It could be used as an adsorption material for heavy metals to realize the comprehensive utilization of OS.
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Li Y, Yang X, Zhu M, Dong L, Jiang H, Xu Q, Zhou H, Han Y, Feng L, Li C. Synergistic effect of combined hydrothermal carbonization of Fenton's reagent and biomass enhances the adsorption and combustion characteristics of sludge towards eco-friendly and efficient sludge treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153854. [PMID: 35189214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The amount of lignocellulose biomass and sludge is enormous, so it is of great significance to find a treatment combining the two substances. Co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) has emerged as an efficient approach to dispose sludge. However, the improvement of sludge upgrading and combustion performance remains an important challenge during the Co-HTC of sludge. In this work, the Co-HTC of sludge and Fenton's reagent at different mixing ratios was proposed to achieve sludge reduction. Moreover, the addition of two kinds of biomass improved the adsorption capacity and combustion performance of hydrochars. When sludge and sawdust were the Co-HTC at the mass ratio of 1:3, the liquid phase Pb concentration decreased notably to 18.06%. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of hydrochars was further improved by modification, which was in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Particularly, the hydrochars derived from the Co-HTC had higher heating value (HHV) and could be used as a clean fuel. This study proposed a new technical route of combining the HTC with Fenton's reagent and lignocellulose biomass, which could be served as a cleaner and eco-friendly treatment of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xingru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yongming Han
- College of Information Science & Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Chengfei Li
- Faculty of intelligent manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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Xiong Q, Xia J, Wu X, Wu X, Hou H, Lv H. Influence of persulfate on transformation of phosphorus and heavy metals for improving sewage sludge dewaterability by hydrothermal treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33252-33262. [PMID: 35025048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activated persulfate oxidation has been proven to be an efficient advanced sludge treatment technique to improve sludge dewaterability. This study investigates the influence of persulfate on the transformation of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals (HMs) during the hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge. The hydrothermal temperature, time, and persulfate concentration are optimized by a Box-Behnken design to obtain the best sludge dewaterability, which is expressed by capillary suction time (CST). The highest CST reduction efficiency is 90.5% at the optimal hydrothermal temperature, time, and concentration of persulfate, which are 145 °C, 2 h, and 150 mg/g dry sludge (DS), respectively. The distribution and transformation of P and HMs with different persulfate concentrations (100-200 mg/g DS) during the hydrothermal process are investigated. Results show that more than 90% of the P and HMs in the sludge are retained in sludge cakes after the hydrothermal treatment. The addition of SPS can make the P in the sludge cakes transform into more stable P species according to the extraction capacity of sequential extracts. It can be found from the ecological risk indexes of the HMs that the addition of SPS during the hydrothermal treatment of sludge can reduce the environmental risk of HMs. This study provides insights into the P and HM distribution and transformation during hydrothermal treatment with persulfate, providing a reference for sludge recovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Design and Research Institute, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hang Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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11
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Lu J, Watson J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Elemental migration and transformation during hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126961. [PMID: 34461542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, energy and environmental crises have worsened due to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for sustainable biocrude production from biomass. However, elemental migration and transformation during HTL of biomass have only received scant attention to date. Understanding the transformation mechanism is beneficial for downstream biocrude upgrading and by-products utilization for the future industrialization of HTL. In this paper, biomass is grouped into six categories: microalgae, macroalgae, lignocellulose, food waste, manure, and sludge. The biochemical composition and HTL product distribution of six kinds of biomass are compared. The conversion process of the biomacromolecules (including lipids, proteins, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and the interactions between them are also reported. Furthermore, the distribution of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and inorganic elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, etc.) in the HTL products is summarized, and the transformation of the organic and inorganic elements during HTL of biomass is explored. Finally, outlooks for the HTL of biomass are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Lu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jamison Watson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
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12
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Wang YJ, Yu Y, Huang HJ, Yu CL, Fang HS, Zhou CH, Yin X, Chen WH, Guo XC. Efficient conversion of sewage sludge into hydrochar by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149874. [PMID: 34492491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of sewage sludge (SS) is an environmental problem worldwide. In recent years, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of SS for hydrochar (HC) has attracted extensive attention. This study preliminarily explored the microwave-assisted HTC of SS for the first time. Increasing the reaction temperature (150-250 °C) and reaction time (0-120 min) resulted in a decrease in the HC yield, and it gradually increased with the rising solid-liquid ratio (0.03-0.25 g/mL). Compared with raw SS, the HC products possessed higher aromaticity, carbonization degree, porosity, and polarity, and lower content of soluble nutrients (N/P/K) and leachable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni), indicating a lower risk of nutrient and heavy metal loss. Attention should be paid to the total contents of Zn and Cd in HC exceeded the permitted value for use in cultivated land with edible crops. The use of CaO as a catalyst improved the yield of HC, made the HC and process water (PW) weakly alkaline, and further passivated the heavy metals in the HC. In the case of H3PO4, although the conversion of SS was enhanced (lower content of volatile organic matter in HC), the contents of soluble nutrients (N/P/K) in HC/PW increased, and the migration of Zn and Cd into process water was enhanced. The HCs obtained in this study had poor combustion properties, but higher ignition temperatures than raw SS. PW must be properly treated or recycled because it still contained high contents of organic matter and nutrients. This fundamental study provides basic insights into the microwave-assisted HTC of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Long Yu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Han-Sun Fang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chun-Huo Zhou
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Yin
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin-Chun Guo
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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13
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Liu T, Wu C, Wang Y, Xue G, Zhang M, Liu C, Zheng Y. Enhanced Deep Utilization of Low-Organic Content Sludge by Processing Time-Extended Low-Temperature Thermal Pretreatment. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28946-28954. [PMID: 34746586 PMCID: PMC8567354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an important way for maintaining sewage sludge stability, reduction, and resource recovery. However, the low organic content generally limits methane production. Recently, thermal hydrolysis has been widely used for sludge pretreatment to improve the anaerobic digestion efficiency. Generally, an increased temperature is preferred to enhance the solubility of organic matters in the sludge. However, high energy requirement comes with increased temperature. Application of low-temperature thermal treatment could overcome this drawback. However, the appropriate low-temperature pretreatment time is still uncertain. In this study, an extended contact time with low thermal pretreatment (90 °C) was chosen to realize a more efficient and economical digestion process of low-organic content sludge. The results demonstrated that the solubilization of proteins and carbohydrates was significantly promoted by the contact time-extended thermal hydrolysis pretreatment. The following anaerobic digestion efficiency of low-organic content sludge was also dramatically improved with the prolonged contact time. The maximum methane production could reach around 294.73 mL/gVS after 36 h of 90 °C treatment, which was 5.56 times that of the untreated groups. Additionally, based on the energy balance calculation, extending the thermal hydrolysis time resulted in a more economically feasible anaerobic digestion than increasing the temperature. The dewatering properties and the stability of the heavy metals were also reinforced, implying the advanced deep utilization of the digested low-organic content sludge. In conclusion, sludge pretreated by low-temperature thermal hydrolysis with a prolonged contact time could be more effective for low-organic content sludge treatment and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjiao Liu
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chunshan Wu
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Fuzhou
Planning and Design Research Institute Group Co., Ltd, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Guoyi Xue
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School
of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yuyi Zheng
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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14
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Wang Z, Tian Q, Guo J, Wu R, Zhu H, Zhang H. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge/cotton stalks with K 2CO 3 for biochar production: Improved biochar porosity and reduced heavy metal leaching. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 135:199-207. [PMID: 34520992 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and biomass is considered a promising technique for reducing the volume of sewage sludge, adding value, and decreasing the risk associated with this waste. In this study, sewage sludge and cotton stalks were pyrolyzed together with different amounts of K2CO3 to evaluate the potential of chemical activation using K2CO3 for improving the porosity of the biochar formed and immobilizing the heavy metals present in it. It was found that K2CO3 activation effectively improved the pore structure and increased the aromaticity of the biochar. Moreover, K2CO3 activation transformed the heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) into more stable forms (oxidizable and residual fractions). The activation effect became more pronounced with increasing amount of added K2CO3, eventually resulting in a significant reduction in the mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the biochar. Further analysis revealed that, during the co-pyrolysis process, K2CO3 activation resulted in a reductive atmosphere, increased the alkalinity of the biochar, and led to the formation CaO, CaCO3, and aluminosilicates, which aided the immobilization of the heavy metals. K2CO3 activation also effectively reduced the leachability, and thus, the environmental risks of the heavy metals. Thus, K2CO3 activation can improve the porosity of the biochar derived from sewage sludge/cotton stalks and aid the immobilization of the heavy metals in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Qingmei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 10083, China
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Henan Zhu
- Institute of Research of Iron and Steel, Shasteel, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
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15
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Li Y, Yu H, Liu L, Yu H. Application of co-pyrolysis biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126655. [PMID: 34329082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been considered as a serious threat to the environment and human in the past decades due to its toxic and unbiodegradable properties. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out on the removal of heavy metals, and various adsorption materials have been successfully developed. Among, biochar is a promising option because of its advantages of various biomass sources, abundant microporous channels and surface functional groups, as well as its attractive economic feasibility. However, the application of pristine biochar is limited by its low adsorption capacity and nonregenerative property. Co-pyrolysis biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of biomass with the addition of another biomass or non-biomass precursor, is potential in overcoming the limitation of pristine biochar and achieving superior performance for heavy metal adsorption and immobilization. Therefore, this article summarizes the recent advances in development and applications of co-pyrolysis biochar for adsorption and immobilization of various heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. In details, the production, characteristics and advantages of co-pyrolysis biochar are initially presented. Subsequently, the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of different heavy metals (including Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, As, etc.) in flue gas and wastewater by co-pyrolysis biochar are reviewed, as well as factors influencing their adsorption capacities. Meanwhile, the immobilization of heavy metals in both biochar itself and contaminated soils by co-pyrolysis biochar is discussed. Finally, the limitations of current studies and future prospects are proposed. It aims at providing a guideline for the exploitation and application of cost-effective and environmental-friendly co-pyrolysis biochar in the decontamination of environmental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lina Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongbing Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Shen R, Ji S, Xie L, Zhang H. Effects of biochar derived from sewage sludge and sewage sludge/cotton stalks on the immobilization and phytoavailability of Pb, Cu, and Zn in sandy loam soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126468. [PMID: 34186429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and straws has been used to improve the pore structure and reduce the ecological risks of heavy metals in sewage sludge-derived biochars. However, to date, no study has focused on the effects of biochar derived from sewage sludge/straws on the immobilization and phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil. Here, we studied the effects of biochar derived from sewage sludge/cotton stalks (SCB) and that derived from sewage sludge alone (SSB) on the remediation of sandy loam soil contaminated by Pb, Cu, and Zn. SCB amendment decreased the bioavailable forms of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the soil by 19.0%, 34.9%, and 18.2%, respectively, and reduced their accumulation in ryegrass by 28.6%, 50.1%, and 30.0%, respectively, compared with those by SSB amendment. Furthermore, SCB amendment transformed more metals from the acid-soluble fraction to the oxidizable fraction than SSB amendment, indicating that complexation played a more critical role in SCB amendment than in SSB amendment. Both biochar amendments effectively improved soil water holding capacity, increased the supply of available P, N, and K, and promoted ryegrass growth. The findings of this study show the benefits of SCB over SSB for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Rong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Shibo Ji
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Like Xie
- Experimental Testing Institute of Petro China Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Haibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China.
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17
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Xiong Q, Wu X, Lv H, Liu S, Hou H, Wu X. Influence of rice husk addition on phosphorus fractions and heavy metals risk of biochar derived from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130566. [PMID: 33932904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of rice husk dose and pyrolysis temperature on the phosphorus (P) fractions and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochar co-pyrolyzed from sewage sludge and rice husk. Biochar properties were analyzed, and the transformation of P and heavy metals speciation during co-pyrolysis were also discussed. Co-pyrolysis of raw sludge and rice husk (10-50 wt%) could increase the carbonization degree and stability of biochar at 500 °C. The organic P (OP) in raw sludge (68 wt%) was transformed to inorganic P (IP) during co-pyrolysis, indicating that the addition of rice husk could improve biochar-P bioavailability by promoting the transformation of IP. The IP content increased from 71.5 wt% of sludge biochar to 92 wt% of blended biochar (50 wt% sludge and 50 wt% rice husk) at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. With the mass ratio of sludge to rice husk of 5:5, the OP content decreased from 3 mg g-1 to 0.75 mg g-1 as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C. The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that P species in biochar mainly existed as orthophosphate, which can be directly taken up by plants. After co-pyrolysis, the toxicity and mobility of heavy metals gradually decreased with increasing rice husk dose and pyrolysis temperature. The study indicates that co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk could be a promising P reuse strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hang Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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18
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Peng C, Zhou Z, Feng W, Zhang Y, Guo S, Liu X, Zhai Y. Feasibility and risk assessment of heavy metals from low-temperature magnetic pyrolysis of municipal solid waste on a pilot scale. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130362. [PMID: 34384191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature magnetic pyrolysis (LMP) of municipal solid waste (MSW) was conducted in a pilot scale continuous reactor to investigate the distribution and transformation of heavy metals (HMs) in biochar. Environmental safety was evaluated by the risk assessment code (RAC) and the modified potential ecological risk index (MRI). Statistical analyses of HMs revealed that the total concentrations of HMs in biochar was higher than that in MSW and the exchangeable fraction of Cd in biochar under 200 °C and 250 °C were at high risk levels. Temperature increment indicates an increase in regular steps not only migrated more HMs into biochar, but also broke the immobilization of HMs, so resulted in higher environmental risks. The lowest direct toxicity to the environment was obtained by LMP at 200 °C. In light of the residual fraction and the high concentration of HMs in biochar produced in this work, it should be mixed with other uncontaminated plant waste for further application in agriculture. The results of economic assessment reveal that the value of net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) can be positive if high quality bio-products are produced with low operating costs. Optimized design of operation, feedstock and the investment are the key factors to improve the economic feasibility of LMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhaokun Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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19
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Yin X, Xi M, Li Y, Kong F, Jiang Z. Improvements in physicochemical and nutrient properties of sewage sludge biochar by the co-pyrolysis with organic additives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146565. [PMID: 34030244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) has been suggested as a priming feedstock for biochar production that could simultaneously benefit the solid waste reuse and agricultural production. However, effects of organic additive (OA) addition on nutrient characteristic of SS biochar (SSB) are still unclear. Herein, a series of SSBs were produced from the co-pyrolysis of SS and OA with different types [reed straw (RS), brewers' spent grain (BSG), and sawdust (SD)] and addition rates (10%, 30%, and 50%) at 350 and 700 °C, respectively, and their basic physicochemical and nutrient properties were also analyzed. The results indicated that OA addition greatly increased the carbon (C) content, while significantly decreased the yield, ash content, pH, electrical conductivity, and elemental ratios of H/C, N/C, and O/C of SSB. These changes in SSB physicochemical properties would be more beneficial to its potentials of soil improvement and C sequestration. Furthermore, OA co-pyrolytic SSBs generally demonstrated similar nutrient retention rate and higher available nutrient content (e.g., Olsen P, K, and NH4+ - N) in relative to the SSBs from SS alone, indicating their excellent nutrient recovery capacity and higher nutrient utilization efficiency. Lastly, the SSBs produced from co-pyrolysis of SS and SD, BSG, and RS, respectively, with 50% addition rate and at 700 °C were suggested as the best SSB kinds used for soil application due to their highest comprehensive quality scores. In sum, co-pyrolysis of SS and OA is recommended as a promising strategy to increase the benefits of SSB in both agricultural production and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Min Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhixiang Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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20
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Yang X, Zhao Z, Zhang G, Hirayama S, Nguyen BV, Lei Z, Shimizu K, Zhang Z. Insight into Cr(VI) biosorption onto algal-bacterial granular sludge: Cr(VI) bioreduction and its intracellular accumulation in addition to the effects of environmental factors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125479. [PMID: 33677316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is one of the typical heavy metals that pose a great threat to the environment. As a novel biotechnology, algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS) possesses the merits of both bacterial AGS and algae. This study firstly evaluated Cr(VI) removal via biosorption by algal-bacterial AGS under different operation conditions and then some environmental factors. Results show that the highest Cr(VI) reduction (99.3%) and total Cr removal (89.1%) were achieved within 6 h at pH 2 and 6, respectively. The coexisting oxyanions exhibited slight effects, while both tested natural organic matters (humic acid and tannic acid) and carbon sources promoted Cr(VI) reduction at some appropriate concentrations. The coexistence of metal cations favored Cr(VI) reduction, achieving the highest enhancement of 8.1% by Cu2+ at 5 mg/L, while the total Cr removal was suppressed to some extent. Salinity > 5 g/L severely inhibited both Cr(VI) reduction and total Cr removal. Moreover, the loaded Cr in algal-bacterial AGS was found to be almost in the form of Cr(III), with 66.8% being contributed by intracellular accumulation. This work suggests that Cr(VI) reduction and intracellular accumulation are the main mechanisms involved in Cr(IV) biosorption onto algal-bacterial AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Guanghao Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shota Hirayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Bach Van Nguyen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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21
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Yang YQ, Cui MH, Guo JC, Du JJ, Zheng ZY, Liu H. Effects of co-pyrolysis of rice husk and sewage sludge on the bioavailability and environmental risks of Pb and Cd. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2304-2312. [PMID: 31810427 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1701562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biochars were produced by co-pyrolysis of rice husk and sewage sludge, the environmental risk of heavy metal (Pd and Cd) in the biochars was assessed. Co-pyrolysis resulted in a lower yield but a higher C content compared with sewage sludge pyrolysis alone, the relative contents of Pb and Cd in biochars were declined. Co-pyrolysis process transformed the bioavailable heavy metals into stable speciation. The environmental risk assessment codes of Pb and Cd were reduced by 1-2 grades. The co-pyrolysis technology provides a feasible method for the safe disposal of heavy metal-contaminated sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hua Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Jiangnan University, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Guo
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Du
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Jiangnan University, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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He C, Zhang Z, Xie C, Giannis A, Chen Z, Tang Y, Qiu R. Transformation behaviors and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals during resource recovery from Sedum plumbizincicola via hydrothermal liquefaction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124588. [PMID: 33229264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally sound disposal of hyperaccumulator harvests is of critical importance to industrialization of phytoremediation. Herein, transformation behaviors and environmental risk of heavy metals were comprehensively examined during subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction of Sedum plumbizincicola. It is concluded that low temperature liquefaction favored resource recovery of heavy oil and hydrochars in terms of higher energy density, improved carbon sequestration and less energy consumption. Heavy metals were mainly distributed into hydrochars and water soluble phase with less than 10% in heavy oil. All metal elements except As could be accumulated in hydrochars by extending reaction time, whereas more than 96% of As was redistributed into water soluble phase. Prolonged liquefaction time facilitated immobilization of Cd, Cr and As in hydrochars, but fast liquefaction favored Pb stabilization. Liquefaction significantly reduced environmental risk level of Cd, Zn and As, but may mobilize Pb and Mn, especially for Mn to very high risk level at 240 ºC. High temperature with long reaction time tended to inhibit leaching rate of Mn, whereas low liquefaction temperature with short reaction time prevented the leaching of Zn and As from hydrochars. Overall, these findings are essential for downstream upgrading of heavy oil and metals recovery from hydrochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Candie Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Greece
| | - Zhe Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yetao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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23
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Hu S, Hu J, Sun Y, Zhu Q, Wu L, Liu B, Xiao K, Liang S, Yang J, Hou H. Simultaneous heavy metal removal and sludge deep dewatering with Fe(II) assisted electrooxidation technology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124072. [PMID: 33535356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid sludge conditioning strategy with electrooxidation and Fe(II) addition was used for heavy metal removal from sewage sludge and industrial sludge, with simultaneous sludge dewatering and stabilization. With the addition of 82 mg/g DS Fe(II) and treatment time of 4.5 h, heavy metal removals of 72.95% and 78.49% for Cu, 66.29% and 84.26% for Zn, and 36.52% and 36.99% for Pb were achieved from sewage sludge and industrial sludge samples respectively. The system pH decreased to 2.33 and 2.98 and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values increased to 435.90 mV and 480.60 mV in sewage sludge and industrial sludge samples, respectively, which was conducive to the desorption and dissolution of heavy metals from sludge structures and the degradation of the organic compounds that complexed with heavy metals. In addition, the hybrid conditioning process demonstrated excellent dewatering performance due to the efficient electrochemical disintegration of sludge flocs together with the coagulation of sludge particles by Fe(III) generated via electrooxidation. The strong acidic and oxidative environment produced by the enhanced electrooxidation process was also responsible for pathogen inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yingfei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qian Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Longsheng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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24
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Gopinath A, Divyapriya G, Srivastava V, Laiju AR, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS. Conversion of sewage sludge into biochar: A potential resource in water and wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110656. [PMID: 33359460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of biochar from sewage sludge (SS) is consistent with the goal of sustainable resource recovery and promotes a wastewater-based circular economy. Thermochemical conversion of SS to biochar resolves two major issues simultaneously as it minimizes the cost of disposal and acts as a resource to eliminate the toxic contaminants from water and wastewater. The reusability and ready availability of the biochar, irrespective of the season, makes it an economically viable material for wastewater treatment. In this review, explicit insights into the production, modification and usage of SS derived biochar are provided including (i) the production yield, (ii) characteristic features such as physical, chemical, electrochemical and morphological aspects, and (iii) impact on contaminant removal through adsorption, catalytic and electrochemical processes. Particular attention is given to the use of SS derived biochar as an adsorbent for contaminants present in wastewaters, the potential use of biochar as a catalyst and support material in advanced oxidation processes and the use of biochars as an electrode material. The effect of pyrolysis conditions and co-pyrolysis with other materials on biochar properties is explored and insight is provided into the toxicity of biochar components present at different process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashitha Gopinath
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - G Divyapriya
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - A R Laiju
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Jung H, Liu P, Patel D, Pavlostathis SG, Tang Y. Transformation and Mobility of Cu, Zn, and Cr in Sewage Sludge during Anaerobic Digestion with Pre- or Interstage Hydrothermal Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1615-1625. [PMID: 33461291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) combined with hydrothermal treatment (HT) is an attractive technology for sewage sludge treatment and resource recovery. The fate and distribution of heavy metals in the sludge during combined HT/AD significantly affect the sludge final disposal/utilization options, yet such information is still lacking. This study systematically characterizes the transformation of important heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Cr in sewage sludge during AD with pre- or interstage HT (i.e., HT-AD or AD-HT-AD, respectively). Complementary sequential chemical extraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the speciation and mobility of metals. For the HT-AD system, both Cu and Zn predominantly occur as sulfides in HT hydrochars. Subsequent AD favors the formation of Cu2S and partial transformation of nano-ZnS to adsorbed and organo-complexed Zn species. HT favors the formation of Cr-bearing silicates in hydrochars, whereas Fe(III)-Cr(III)-hydroxide and Cr(III)-humic complex are the predominant Cr species in AD solids. Similar reaction pathways occur in the AD-HT-AD system with some minor differences in metal species and contents, as the first-stage AD changed the sludge matrix. These findings have important implications for understanding the fate and mobility of heavy metals in sludge-derived hydrochars and AD solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - Chiqian Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
| | - Haesung Jung
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - Dhara Patel
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - Spyros G Pavlostathis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512, United States
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26
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Xiao XF, Chang YC, Lai FY, Fang HS, Zhou CF, Pan ZQ, Wang JX, Wang YJ, Yin X, Huang HJ. Effects of rice straw/wood sawdust addition on the transport/conversion behaviors of heavy metals during the liquefaction of sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110824. [PMID: 32721299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has been widely introduced into the liquefaction process of sewage sludge (SS) to improve the yield/quality of liquefaction products (bio-oil/biochar). This study explores the effect of adding rice straw (RS) and wood sawdust (WS) on the transport/conversion behaviors of heavy metals (HMs) during the liquefaction of SS. The introduction of lignocellulosic biomass, especially for RS, substantially lowers the total content of HMs in biochar. Most HMs (except Cd) still remain in biochar, although the introduction of RS/WS enhances the transport of HMs into bio-oils. The addition of RS/WS raises the percentage of HMs in active form, but the contents of bioavailable/leachable HMs are not considerably increased and even decreased in some cases, especially when RS is introduced. The overall pollution degree and environmental risk of HMs in biochars are lowered to a certain extent with the addition of RS/WS. Considering that the pollution degree and environmental risk of HMs present in biochars are still at a considerable level, appropriate pollution management measures should be undertaken when using such biochars for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Xiao
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Chang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Fa-Ying Lai
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Han-Sun Fang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Chun-Fei Zhou
- School of Gardening and Landscape Design, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Zi-Qian Pan
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Yin
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
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27
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Guo J, Gao Q, Jiang S. Insight into dewatering behavior and heavy metals transformation during waste activated sludge treatment by thermally-activated sodium persulfate oxidation combined with a skeleton builder-wheat straw biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126542. [PMID: 32213372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on dewatering performance and heavy metals (HMs) transformation during waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment by employing thermally-activated sodium persulfate (SPS) oxidation combined with a biochar made of wheat straw (WS-BC). Results demonstrated that the combined treatment was an efficient way to improve WAS dewatering, especially when SPS and WS-BC dosages were adjusted to 120 and 150 mg/g-volatile solids (VS), respectively. After being treated at 70 °C without pH adjustment, standardized-capillary suction time (SCST) was increased to 5.03, centrifuged weight reduction (CWR) was increased to 86.8% and moisture content (MC) was decreased to 42.6%, indicating an excellent dewatering performance. The underlying mechanism identified were: (1) SPS oxidation disintegrated extracellular polymers (EPS) at high temperature, thereby releasing EPS-bound water; (2) WS-BC acted as a skeleton builder conducive to form porous structure and provide free water release channels in WAS, which was favorable to improve dewatering properties of WAS; (3) thermally-activated SPS oxidation significantly improved the solubilization and reduced the leaching toxicity of HMs in WAS; and (4) the following WS-BC treatment further reduced the leaching toxicity of HMs in WAS. Therefore, the combined technology might be a promising strategy to improve WAS dewatering and reduce HMs risks in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Qifan Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Shilin Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
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28
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Chen Z, Yu G, Wang Y, Wang X. Fate of heavy metals during co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and sewage sludge by hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 109:28-37. [PMID: 32380379 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis (HTP) method was used to treat municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) and municipal sewage sludge (MSS). The regulation of migration mechanism of heavy metals (HMs), which included Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, were investigated, including the conditional effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTT), the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis time, and the heating rate (HR) on the HM distribution. The results indicated that HTT, as a pretreatment method, achieved the redistribution and preliminary immobilization of the HMs, decreasing the potential environmental risk level. After HTP, the HMs (Cr, Ni, and Cu) were more immobilized, and this effect was enhanced when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C. However, Zn, Cd, and Pb evaporated under high temperature. Leaching experiments revealed that all the HMs in the pyro-char from pyrolysis at 800 °C were below the standard (US EPA). The influences of the HR and pyrolysis time on the HM immobilization were slight under a higher temperature. After HTP, the HM environmental risk decreased to a low level. The physico-chemical characteristics of the pyro-char demonstrated that carbon trapping and chemical sedimentation played leading roles in the middle-temperature range, while mineral matrix encapsulation might have been dominant under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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29
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Li S, Zou D, Li L, Wu L, Liu F, Zeng X, Wang H, Zhu Y, Xiao Z. Evolution of heavy metals during thermal treatment of manure: A critical review and outlooks. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125962. [PMID: 32069728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manure treatment has become a focal issue in relation to current national policies on environmental and renewable energy matters. Heavy metals can be excreted with the animal manure, contributing to pollution of soil and water. Therefore, animal manure needs proper treatment before application to agricultural soils. Here, we review the species transformation of HMs and fate during incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal processing of animal manures. During thermal processes, 75%-90% of thermally stable HMs such as Cr, Ni, and Mn were concentrated in the solid-phase. HMs with less thermal stability such as Cd, As, Hg, and Pb are inclined to concentrate in the aqueous phase and gas phase, accounting for less than 5% of their total concentrations. In general, thermal processes transform HMs in the exchangeable fraction with high biotoxicity to oxidizable fraction or residual fraction with less bioavailability. In addition, the operating conditions and co-processing with other materials may influence the species transformation of HMs. Finally, recommendations for future research on the proper disposal and utilization of animal manure are proposed. More large-scale experiments are required to elucidate the precise mechanism behind the immobilization of HMs. The influence of additives (catalysts and HM stabilizers) and the influence of the type of solvent on HM transformation needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Longcheng Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Yang YQ, Cui MH, Ren YG, Guo JC, Zheng ZY, Liu H. Towards Understanding the Mechanism of Heavy Metals Immobilization in Biochar Derived from Co-pyrolysis of Sawdust and Sewage Sludge. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:489-496. [PMID: 32047949 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar was prepared by mixing sewage sludge with sawdust via a co-pyrolysis with different mixture ratios and temperatures. The results showed that the sawdust addition resulted in a lower yield of biochar with higher C content. The total concentrations of Pb and Cd in biochar were reduced. Besides, pyrolysis can transform the potentially toxic Pb and Cd to stable fractions. However the sawdust addition had slight influence on the chemical forms of Pb and Cd in the biochar. The biochar with 50% sawdust at 600°C exhibited a remarkable reduction of the leachable metal concentrations. The possible transformation mechanisms of Pb and Cd were inferred as the formation of aluminum and silicon-containing minerals. These results provide insights into the influence of sawdust addition on the characteristics of biochar and the possible Pb and Cd immobilization mechanisms during co-pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hua Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Gang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Song C, Yuan W, Shan S, Ma Q, Zhang H, Wang X, Niazi NK, Wang H. Changes of nutrients and potentially toxic elements during hydrothermal carbonization of pig manure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125331. [PMID: 31995863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of reaction temperature, residence time, sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide on the total concentration and speciation of N and P, potentially toxic elements (salts and metal elements) of pig manure during its hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) were investigated. Concentrations of Cl, K, Na and Mg in the hydrochars were much lower but total N, P and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) contents were significantly higher than in untreated pig manure. The acid-extractable fractions of Cu and Zn in hydrochars were 0.03-0.63 and 0.17-0.66 times lower than those in pig manure and decreased significantly with increasing reaction temperature. The addition of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) in HTC reduced the contents of P, Ca, Mg, Cl and heavy metal elements (HMEs) in hydrochars, and the removal rates of Cu and Zn were up to 55% and 59%, respectively. Overall, the rapid treatment of pig manure by HTC reduced the harm of salts and HMEs, and effectively recovered the nutrients in pig manure. The HTC under alkaline conditions was desirable for optimizing the main elemental composition of the hydrochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Wenqiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China.
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Chen G, Tian S, Liu B, Hu M, Ma W, Li X. Stabilization of heavy metals during co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and excavated waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 103:268-275. [PMID: 31911373 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, excavated waste was added to sewage sludge for co-pyrolysis, aiming to stablize the heavy metals in sewage sludge. The effect of co-pyrolysis with various pretreatment (e.g. cooling, drying and hydrothermal pretreatment) on heavy metals stabilization was studied using orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal conditions are 600 °C, nitrogen flow rate of 200 mL/min, mixing excavated waste with sewage sludge (25:75, wt%) and hydrothermal pretreatment. 90% of the heavy metals in the sewage sludge and excavated waste mixtures were transformed to biochars after co-pyrolysis. Moreover, the state of heavy metals changed from bio-available fractions to stable state, thereby reducing the potential ecological risk index (RI) from 116.8 to below 50, which represented a reduction in contamination levels and ecological risks from considerate to low. Finally, the study found that the synergy between hydrothermal and pyrolysis made full use of the moisture in sewage sludge and was more conducive to the solidification of heavy metals. This paper provides a good option to dispose multiple wastes and reduce their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Shu Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Mingtao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Guo J, Zhou Y. Transformation of heavy metals and dewaterability of waste activated sludge during the conditioning by Fe 2+-activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation combined with rice straw biochar as skeleton builder. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124628. [PMID: 31524606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the improvement performances and mechanisms of waste activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability and the transformation behavior of heavy metals (HMs, including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) by jointly conditioning of Fe2+-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation and rice straw biochar (RS-BC). Experimental results showed that at original WAS pH of 6.5, the joint conditioning was the most effective when PMS dosage was 0.6 mmol·(g-volatile solids (VS))-1, Fe2+/PMS molar ratio was 0.6 and RS-BC dosage was 120 mg·(g-VS)-1. Under this condition, the lowest moisture content (MC) was 38.5% and the standardized-capillary suction time (SCST) was as high as 8.74. For the improvement mechanism, Fe2+-activated PMS oxidation can significantly disintegrate the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composing WAS to release EPS-bound water, and the RS-BC was helpful to form porous structures to improve WAS compressibility, facilitating the subsequent dewatering. In addition, Fe2+-activated PMS oxidation can obviously improve the solubilization and reduce the leaching toxicity of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr, which was further enhanced by RS-BC. Therefore, the joint application of Fe2+-activated PMS oxidation and RS-BC can be a feasible way to improve WAS dewaterability and reduce HMs risk during WAS dewatering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Yuling Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
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Weng Z, Kanchanatip E, Hantoko D, Yan M, Su H, Zhang S, Wang G. Improving supercritical water gasification of sludge by oil palm empty fruit bunch addition: Promotion of syngas production and heavy metal stabilization. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tian Y, Li J, Yan X, Whitcombe T, Thring R. Co-pyrolysis of metal contaminated oily waste for oil recovery and heavy metal immobilization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:1-10. [PMID: 30901680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of metal-contaminated oily waste was investigated by using an approach of co-pyrolysis with hog fuel in a fixed bed reactor. Both oil recovery and heavy metal immobilization were evaluated. Three experimental factors, including pyrolysis temperature, reaction time, and hog fuel addition in the feedstock, were examined to find their effects on the treatment performance. Metal immobilization in the solid char obtained from co-pyrolysis was examined from its speciation characteristics. A higher pyrolysis temperature led to a decreased oil recovery but more non-bioavailable metal species in the char residue. This is also evident from the calculated risk index (RI) for eco-toxicity assessment, with RI of 34.6 and 117.1 at 600 °C and 400 °C, respectively. The addition of hog fuel into oily waste for co-pyrolysis also led to increased metal immobilization but a decreased overall oil recovery. A low temperature co-pyrolysis (400 °C) by adding 20% of hog fuel was found as the most effective oily waste disposal strategy with satisfactory oil recovery and an acceptable risk index of 54.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- WZU-UNBC Joint Research Institute of Ecology and Environment, Wenzhou University (WZU), Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Jianbing Li
- WZU-UNBC Joint Research Institute of Ecology and Environment, Wenzhou University (WZU), Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Xiuyi Yan
- College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Todd Whitcombe
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Ron Thring
- WZU-UNBC Joint Research Institute of Ecology and Environment, Wenzhou University (WZU), Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada
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Xie S, Yu G, Li C, You F, Li J, Tian R, Wang G, Wang Y. Dewaterability enhancement and heavy metals immobilization by pig manure biochar addition during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16537-16547. [PMID: 30980370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of sewage sludge (SS) with pig manure biochar (PMB) addition at 160-200 °C was conducted in this study. The effects of PMB addition on the dewaterability of SS and the speciation evolution, leaching toxicity, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were investigated. The results showed that the solid contents of the filter cakes after adding PMB increased from 20.24%, 24.03%, and 28.69% to 21.57%, 27.69%, and 32.91% at 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively, compared with traditional HTT of SS. Furthermore, PMB could reduce the bioavailable fractions of Cr, Ni, As, and Cd in the filter cakes obtained at 160 and 180 °C compared with the theoretical value. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals in the filter cakes after adding PMB decreased significantly at 160 and 180 °C and the potential ecological risk index (RI) declined from 62.13 and 44.83 to 55.93 and 42.11, respectively. The obtained filter cake had low potential ecological risk when used in the environment. The mechanisms on the improvement of the dewaterability and heavy metals immobilization were related that PMB acted as the skeleton builder providing the outflow path for free water and implanting heavy metals into SS structure. And the optimal results were obtained at 180 °C during HTT of SS with PMB addition. This work provides a novel and effective method for the treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chunxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Futian You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renqiang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Xiong Q, Zhou M, Liu M, Jiang S, Hou H. The transformation behaviors of heavy metals and dewaterability of sewage sludge during the dual conditioning with Fe 2+-sodium persulfate oxidation and rice husk. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:93-100. [PMID: 29860149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the behavior of heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge after conditioning based on total HMs concentration, fractionation and leaching tests. Fe2+-sodium persulfate (SPS) oxidation was applied as chemical conditioner and rice husk (RH) was added as a physical conditioner to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge. Combined the response surface methodology analysis and our previous research, the capillary suction time (CST) and the water content of sludge cake reduced by 93.8% and 25%, respectively, after conditioned by 125 mg g-1 dry solid (DS) SPS, 33 mg g-1 DS Fe2+, 333 mg g-1 DS RH at original pH of sludge. The HMs analysis indicated that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr were increased in liquid phase after conditioning process. And after conditioned by Fe2+/SPS with RH, the leaching toxicity reduction are 79%, 100%, 93%, 80% and 68% for Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr, respectively. Results showed that RH combined with Fe2+/SPS oxidation has a synergistic effect on risk reduction and immobilization of HMs. The chemical species of HMs were redistributed and the risk of Pb was reduced from medium risk to no risk after sludge conditioning process according to the risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Mengjia Liu
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Shijie Jiang
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Deng Q, Wang M, Zhang J, Man YB, Shan S, Wu S, Liang P, Cao Y, Song C, Luo L, Lin L, Christie P, Wong MH. Role of phosphoric acid in the bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonisation of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:232-239. [PMID: 30343751 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of phosphoric acid addition to the feed-water on the speciation and transformation behaviour of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of sewage sludge was explored. Over 70% of each of the PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) was in the directly bioavailable and potentially bioavailable fraction in the raw sludge, and especially Cu and Zn at 97.5 and 98.6%, respectively. Through the HTC process the directly bioavailable and potentially bioavailable fractions of PTEs in the sludge hydrochar clearly decreased, and the residual fraction in the hydrochar showed an observable increase. Further stabilisation of PTEs in hydrochar occurred during HTC with the addition of phosphoric acid solution to the feed-water. As the concentration of phosphoric acid in the feed-water increased the percentages of the residual fraction of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in hydrochars each exceeded 80%, but different PTEs behaved differently with increasing phosphate molar ratio in the feed-water. When the molar ratio of phosphate was 15%, the percentages of the residual fractions of Cd, Mn and Zn reached their maximum values in accordance with the changing trend in aromaticity of the hydrochar. Moreover, a large number of phosphate mineral crystals effectively occluded the PTEs in hydrochar. In conclusion, the addition of phosphoric acid to the feed-water during HTC further deactivated PTEs leading to a substantial decline in the potential environmental risk associated with the land application of the sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingde Deng
- Huadian Electric Power Research Institute, 10 Xiyuan 1 Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 77 Puyang Road, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shengchun Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yucheng Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chengfang Song
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Linping Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination and Bioremediation, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Li J, Chen J, Chen S. Supercritical water treatment of heavy metal and arsenic metalloid-bioaccumulating-biomass. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:102-110. [PMID: 29609106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator biomass, as a promising resource for renewable energy that can be converted into valuable fuel productions with high conversion efficiency, must be considered as hazardous materials and be carefully treated before further reuse due to the high contents of heavy metals. In this study, Pteris vittata L., an As-hyperaccumulator biomass was treated by an effective and environmental friendly method-supercritical water gasification (SCWG) using a bench-scale batch reactor. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and arsenic metalloid in solid, liquid and gaseous products during SCWG process were thoroughly investigated. The speciation fractions including exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions of each heavy metal as the proportion of the total contents in solid residue were presented and the transformations trend of these heavy metals during the SCWG process was especially demonstrated. The significant operating parameters, including reaction temperature (395-445 °C), pressure (21-27 MPa) and residence time (0-40 min) were varied to explore their effects on the contents and forms. Moreover, the environmental risks of heavy metals in solid residues were evaluated based on risk assessment code, taking into consideration the speciation fractions and bioavailability. It was highlighted that although heavy metals particularly Pb and Zn tended to accumulate in solid residues with a maximum increment of about 50% in the total content, they were mostly converted to more stable oxidizable and residual fractions, and thus the ecotoxicity and bioavailability were greatly mitigated with no obvious increase in direct toxicity fractions. Each tested heavy metal presented no or low risk to the environments after SCWG treatments, meaning that the environmental pollution levels were markedly reduced with no or low risk to the environment. This study highlights the remarkable ability of SCWG for the heavy metal stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Li
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Shan Chen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315000, China; School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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40
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The Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Hydrothermal Carbonization Combined with Combustion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1913848. [PMID: 30050921 PMCID: PMC6040255 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1913848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The migration and transformation behaviors of heavy metals (HMs), including Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb, during the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) were investigated. The immobilization of HMs during the combustion of solid residual (SR) produced from HTC of SS was also analyzed. With increasing HTC temperature and residence time, the majority of HMs (except As) accumulated in the SR. The residual rate of As in the SR decreased from 73.95% to 56.74% when the residence time was increased from 1h to 3h and reduced significantly from 73.95% to 37.48% when the temperature increased from 220°C to 280°C, implying that numerous arsenic compounds dissolved into liquid phase products. Although the HTC process has a positive influence on the transformation of HMs from weakly bound fractions to the more stable fractions, the exchangeable and reducible fractions of Mn, Zn, As, and Cd in the SR were still high. In addition, the leached amounts of Zn and As were high (14.61 and 6.16 mg/kg, respectively) and showed a high leaching risk to the environment. An increase in HTC temperature and residence time led to an increase of the residual rate of HMs in the combustion residual of SR, implying that the HTC process promotes the stabilization of HMs in the combustion process.
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41
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Leng L, Leng S, Chen J, Yuan X, Li J, Li K, Wang Y, Zhou W. The migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals during co-liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:156-163. [PMID: 29550668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Co-liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and heavy metal (HM) contaminated lignocellulosic biomass (rice straw or wood sawdust) was conducted at 300 °C with ethanol as the solvent to study the transformation behavior of HMs (e.g., Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni). The results indicate that HMs in rice straw or wood sawdust transferred heavily to bio-oils (up to 10-25% of the total Cu, Cd, and Zn) when they were liquefied individually, compared with MSS with only ∼5% distributed to bio-oil. The bio-available fraction of HMs in bio-chars and bio-oils produced from liquefaction of individual biomass were assessed to show medium to high risk to the environment. Co-liquefaction promoted the distribution of HMs to solid bio-char. Moreover, co-liquefaction benefited the immobilization of HMs in bio-chars and bio-oils. Synergistic effects were found for HMs immobilization during co-liquefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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42
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Meng J, Liang S, Tao M, Liu X, Brookes PC, Xu J. Chemical speciation and risk assessment of Cu and Zn in biochars derived from co-pyrolysis of pig manure with rice straw. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:344-350. [PMID: 29494915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pig manure has been utilized as a good feedstock to produce biochar. However, the pig manure-derived biochar from intensive pig cultivation contains high levels of total and bioavailable heavy metals. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of pig manure with other biomass (e.g. rice straw) at 300-700 °C was investigated to solve the above-mentioned topic. The ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4), Tessier sequential extraction procedure and hydrogen peroxide were adopted to evaluate the bioavailability, chemical speciation, and potential risk of Cu and Zn in the biochars. Results showed that the addition of rice straw significantly reduced the concentrations of total, exchangeable and carbonate-associated Cu and Zn in the biochars compared to the single pig manure biochars. Co-pyrolysis of pig manure with rice straw at a mass ratio of 1:3 and at 600 °C could be most effective to reduce the concentrations of CH3COONH4-extractable and potential released Cu and Zn in the biochars. In conclusion, the co-pyrolysis process is a feasible management for the safe disposal of metal-polluted pig manure in an attempt to reduce the bioavailability and potential risk of heavy metals at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sijie Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengming Tao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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43
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Yu M, Zhang J, Tian Y. Change of heavy metal speciation, mobility, bioavailability, and ecological risk during potassium ferrate treatment of waste-activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13569-13578. [PMID: 29497940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of potassium ferrate treatment on the heavy metal concentrations, speciation, mobility, bioavailability, and environmental risk in waste-activated sludge (WAS) at various dosages of potassium ferrate and different treatment times were investigated. Results showed that the total concentrations of all metals (except Cd) were decreased slightly after treatment and the order of metal concentrations in WAS and treated waste-activated sludge (TWAS) was Mg > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. Most heavy metals in WAS remained in TWAS after potassium ferrate treatment with metal residual rates over 67.8% in TWAS. The distribution of metal speciation in WAS was affected by potassium ferrate treatment. The bioavailability and the mobility of heavy metals (except Mg) in TWAS were mitigated, compared to those in WAS. Meanwhile, the environmental risk of heavy metals (except Pb and Cu) was alleviated after potassium ferrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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44
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Li DC, Jiang H. The thermochemical conversion of non-lignocellulosic biomass to form biochar: A review on characterizations and mechanism elucidation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 246:57-68. [PMID: 28736145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar obtained from non-lignocellulosic biomass (NLBM) has attracted wide interests in various fields like pollutants removal, catalysis, and energy storage. However, the thermochemical conversion processes from NLBM to non-lignocellulosic biochar (NLBC) have not been well summarized until now. To fill the knowledge gap, this review presents a systematical summary of NLBM characteristics, thermochemical behaviors of main components (e.g., C, O, N, P and metals), characterization methods for NLBC and conversion process, and the main applications of NLBC. Moreover, the vacancy and limitations of the current researches are pointed out to provide some guidance for future study. This review would contribute to deepen the understanding of NLBC, meanwhile optimize the efficient disposal and value-added utilization of NLBM wastes via thermochemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chang Li
- Biomass Clean Energy Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Biomass Clean Energy Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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45
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Dai L, Yang B, Li H, Tan F, Zhu N, Zhu Q, He M, Ran Y, Hu G. A synergistic combination of nutrient reclamation from manure and resultant hydrochar upgradation by acid-supported hydrothermal carbonization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:860-866. [PMID: 28732407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cattle manure was hydrothermally carbonized in acid solutions (0-2% HCl), then nutrient concentration in liquid product and physicochemical properties of hydrochar were characterized to investigate the effects of acid addition on hydrochar properties and nutrient recovery from manure. Results showed that hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in 2% HCl extracted almost 100% and 63.38% of phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively; specifically, >90% of the extracted phosphorus was PO4-P in liquid from HTC with acid addition, and increasing amount of extracted nitrogen was NH4-N with increasing acid addition. Generally, higher heating value, surface area, total pore volume, fixed carbon, atomic ratios of H/C and O/C were increased in hydrochars from HTC with acid addition, while yield, volatile matter, contents of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen of these hydrochars were decreased. These results indicated that HTC with acid addition could simultaneously facilitate nutrient recovery from manure and resulting hydrochar upgradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Dai
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Science and Technology, Sanya University, Sanya 572022, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Furong Tan
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Nengmin Zhu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qili Zhu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Ran
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoquan Hu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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46
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Liu M, Cardoso A, Zhao L, Duan Y. Effect of the Amount of Sludge on Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Structure of Low-rank Coal under Hydrothermal Conditions. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education; Southeast University; Nanjing China
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Aderlanio Cardoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Federal University of Maranhao; Balsas Brazil
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Yufeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education; Southeast University; Nanjing China
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47
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Islam MN, Park JH. Immobilization and reduction of bioavailability of lead in shooting range soil through hydrothermal treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:172-178. [PMID: 28092753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of Pb in contaminated soil by hydrothermal treatment (HT) under subcritical conditions was investigated using a lab-scale apparatus. The Pb immobilization was evaluated thorough investigating the transformation of Pb fractions and by single chemical extraction. The results showed that HT and treatment temperature significantly affected the immobilization through redistribution of Pb fractions. The results of bioavailability and eco-toxicity assessment demonstrated a drastic decrease in the bioavailable fraction from 41.33 to 14.66%, and an increase in the non-bioavailable fraction from 2.90 to 15.76%. Moreover, the leaching potential of Pb was significantly reduced after treatment. Based on the risk assessment code (RAC), the treated soil residues exhibited medium risk (21.7-14.6 of RAC value for treated soil), which represented a decrease from high risk (41.3 for untreated soil). Immobilization was associated with Pb fractionation from weakly bound to stable fractions. A variety of mechanisms including adsorption and precipitation were suspected to be responsible for Pb immobilization. The findings of this study suggest that the HT may facilitate quantitative reduction of the bioavailability and eco-toxicity of Pb-contaminated soil. Considering the effectiveness of HT in remediating contaminated soil with organic pollutants, this approach might enable remediation of soil co-contaminated with organics and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazrul Islam
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Jin J, Wang M, Cao Y, Wu S, Liang P, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wong MH, Shan S, Christie P. Cumulative effects of bamboo sawdust addition on pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Biochar properties and environmental risk from metals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:218-226. [PMID: 28064134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of biochar was produced by mixing bamboo sawdust with sewage sludge (1:1, w/w) via a co-pyrolysis process at 400-600°C. Changes in physico-chemical properties and the intrinsic speciation of metals were investigated before and after pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis resulted in a lower biochar yield but a higher C content in the end product compared with use of sludge alone as the raw material. FT-IR analysis indicates that phosphine derivatives containing PH bonds were formed in the co-pyrolyzed biochars. In addition, co-pyrolysis of sludge with bamboo sawdust transformed the potentially toxic metals in the sludge into more stable fractions, leading to a considerable decrease in their direct toxicity and bioavailability in the co-pyrolyzed biochar. In conclusion, the co-pyrolysis technology provides a feasible method for the safe disposal of metal-contaminated sewage sludge in an attempt to minimize the environmental risk from potentially toxic metals after land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 77 Puyang Road, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yucheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shengchun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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49
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Xu Y, Zhang C, Zhao M, Rong H, Zhang K, Chen Q. Comparison of bioleaching and electrokinetic remediation processes for removal of heavy metals from wastewater treatment sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1152-1157. [PMID: 27806888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals prevent the growing amount of sewage sludge from being disposed as fertilizeron land. The electrokinetic remediation and bioleaching technology are the promising methods to remove heavy metals. In recent years, some innovation has been made to achieve better efficiency, including the innovation of processes and agents. This paper reviews the development of the electrokinetic remediation and bioleaching technology and analyses their advantages and limitation, pointing out the need of the future research for the heavy metals-contaminated sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Meihua Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Hongwei Rong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Kefang Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
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50
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Zhai Y, Liu X, Zhu Y, Peng C, Wang T, Zhu L, Li C, Zeng G. Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: The effect of feed-water pH on fate and risk of heavy metals in hydrochars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:183-8. [PMID: 27367814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of feed-water pH (pH=2-12) on fate and risk of heavy metals (HMs) in hydrochars (HCs) was investigated. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) was carried out with different feed-water pH at 270°C. The research results showed that changing feed-water pH had a positive effect on accumulating Pb, Ni, Cd and Zn in HCs. Chemical forms of Cu and Cr converted from an unstable state to stable in the alkaline environment while in the acidic condition was opposite. The effect of feed-water pH on the chemical forms of HMs was variable but not significant. Risk assessments of Igeo, Er(i), RAC and RI were applied to evaluate the accumulation levels of individual metal, the potential ecological risks, the bio-availabilities and the comprehensive toxicity and sensitivity of HMs, respectively. The lowest pollution level of HMs was obtained at 270°C with pH=11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiangmin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Office of Scientific R&D, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chuan Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Luo Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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