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Yang F, Wang M, Zhao L, Fan B, Sun N, Liu J, Sun X, Dong Z. The role of cattle manure-driven polysaccharide precursors in humus formation during composting of spent mushroom substrate. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1375808. [PMID: 39091308 PMCID: PMC11291364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1375808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The study examined the impact of adding cattle manure to the composting process of Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate on compost humification. A control group CK comprised entirely of Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate, while the experimental group CD (70 percent Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate and 30 percent cattle manure) comprised the two composting treatments that were established. The study determined that the addition of cow dung has promoted the formation of humus components. Particularly, humic substance (HS-C) and humic acid (HA) increased by 41.3 and 74.7%, respectively, and the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) also increased by 2.78. It showed that the addition of cow dung accelerated the synthesis and decomposition of precursors, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, and reducing sugars. Thereby promoting the formation of humic acid. Network analysis revealed that adding cow dung promoted microbial interactions increased the complexity and stability of the bacterial and fungal symbiotic network, enhanced cooperation and reciprocity among microbes, and assisted in transforming fulvic acid (FA) components. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a multivariate data analysis method for analyzing complex relationships among constructs and core indicators. SEM illustrated that introducing cattle manure into the composting process resulted in alterations to the correlation between physicochemical parameters and the microbial community, in addition to humus formation. Polysaccharides are the primary precursors for polymerization to form HA, which is an essential prerequisite for the conversion of fulvic acid to humic acid. Additionally, microbes affected the formation of humus, with bacteria substantially more influential than fungi. These findings provide new ideas for regulating the degree of humification in the composting process and have important practical implications for optimizing mushroom cultivation and composting techniques today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Dong W, Zhou R, Li X, Yan H, Zheng J, Peng N, Zhao S. Effect of simplified inoculum agent on performance and microbiome during cow manure-composting at industrial-scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130097. [PMID: 38013035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A simplified inoculum agent, only comprising Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, was utilized for industrial-scale cow-manure composting to investigate its impact on composting performance and microbiome. Inoculants elevated the average and peak temperatures by up to 7 and 10 °C, respectively, during the thermophilic stage, reduced organic matter content, and raised germination index. Inoculation also extended the period of composting above 50 °C from 12 to 26 days. Sequencing unveiled significant shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and function. Aspergillus thrived during the mesophilic phase, potentially initiating composting, whereas Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Clostridium were enriched during the thermophilic stage. Metagenomic sequencing revealed an increased abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes and glycometabolism-related genes responsible for lignocellulose degradation and heat generation after inoculation. These enriched microbes and functional genes contributed to organic matter degradation and temperature maintenance during thermophilic stage, expediting composting. This suggests the effectiveness of this simplified inoculum in industrial-level cow-manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Jiangsu Sweeper Biotechnology, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Noble R, Thai M, Kertesz MA. Nitrogen balance and supply in Australasian mushroom composts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:151. [PMID: 38240861 PMCID: PMC10798912 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms are an important source of protein in the human diet. They are increasingly viewed as a sustainable meat replacement in an era of growing populations, with button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) the most popular and economically important mushroom in Europe, Australia and North America. Button mushrooms are cultivated on a defined, straw-derived compost, and the nitrogen (N) required to grow these high-protein foods is provided mainly by the addition of poultry manure and horse manure. Using the correct balance of carbon (C) and N sources to produce mushroom compost is critically important in achieving maximum mushroom yields. Changes in the amount and form of N added, the rate and timing of N addition and the other compost components used can dramatically change the proportion of added N recovered in the mushroom caps, the yield and quality of the mushrooms and the loss of N as ammonia and nitrogen oxide gases during composting. This review examines how N supply for mushroom production can be optimised by the use of a broad range of inorganic and organic N sources for mushroom composting, together with the use of recycled compost leachate, gypsum and protein-rich supplements. Integrating this knowledge into our current molecular understanding of mushroom compost biology will provide a pathway for the development of sustainable solutions in mushroom production that will contribute strongly to the circular economy. KEY POINTS: • Nitrogen for production of mushroom compost can be provided as a much wider range of organic feedstocks or inorganic compounds than currently used • Most of the nitrogen used in production of mushroom compost is not recovered as protein in the mushroom crop • The sustainability of mushroom cropping would be increased through alternative nitrogen management during composting and cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Noble
- Microbiotech Ltd, Pershore Centre, Pershore, Worcestershire, WR103JP, UK
| | - Meghann Thai
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Kertesz
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Dash PK, Bhattacharyya P, Shahid M, Kumar U, Padhy SR, Swain CK, Senapati A, Bihari P, Nayak AK. Impact of long-term resource conservation techniques on biogeochemical characteristics and biological soil quality indicators in a rice green-gram farming system. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7979-7997. [PMID: 37515727 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient management in resource conservation practices influence the structural and functional microbial diversities and thereby affect biological processes and biochemical properties in soil. We studied the long-term effects of resource conservation technologies on functional microbial diversity and their interactions with soil biochemical properties and enzymatic activities in tropical rice-green gram cropping system. The experiment includes seven treatments viz., conventional practice (CC), brown manuring (BM), green manuring (GM), wet direct drum sowing, zero tillage, green manuring-customized leaf colour chart based-N application (GM-CLCC-N) and biochar (BC) application. The result of the present study revealed that microbial biomass nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in GM practice were increased by 23.3, 37.7 and 35.1%, respectively than CC. GM, BM and GM-CLCC-N treatments provide higher yields than conventional practice. The average well color development value, Shannon index and McIntosh index were significantly higher by 26.6%, 86.9% and 29.2% in GM as compared to control treatment. So, from this study we can conclude that resource conservation practices like GM, GM-CLCC N and BM in combination with chemical fertilizers provide easily decomposable carbon source to support the microbial growth. Moreover, dominance of microbial activity in biomass amended treatments (GM, GM-CLCC N and BM) indicated that these treatments could supply good amount of labile C sources on real time basis for microbial growth that may protect the stable C fraction in soil, hence could support higher yield and soil organic carbon build-up in long run under rice-green gram soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Dash
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
| | - P Bhattacharyya
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - U Kumar
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - S R Padhy
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - C K Swain
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - A Senapati
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - P Bihari
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - A K Nayak
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
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Ban GH, Kim JH, Kim SA, Rhee MS, Choi SY, Hwang IJ, Kim SR. Microbial succession during button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production evaluated via high-throughput sequencing. Food Microbiol 2023; 114:104307. [PMID: 37290864 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), are one of the most widely consumed mushrooms in the world. However, changes within its microbial community as it relates to the use of different raw materials and cultivation methods, as well as potential points of microbial contamination throughout the production process have not been investigated extensively. In the present study, button mushroom cultivation was investigated in each of the four stages (raw materials, composting (phase I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ), casing, and harvesting), and samples (n = 186) from mushrooms and their related environments were collected from four distinct mushroom-growing farms (A-D) in Korea. Shifts within the bacterial consortium during mushroom production were characterized with 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The succession of bacterial communities on each farm was dependent on the raw material incorporated, aeration, and the farm environment. The dominant phyla of the compost stack at the four farms were Pseudomonadota (56.7%) in farm A, Pseudomonadota (43.3%) in farm B, Bacteroidota (46.0%) in farm C, and Bacillota (62.8%) in farm D. During the Phase Ⅰ, highly heat-resistant microbes, such as those from the phylum Deinococcota (0.6-65.5%) and the families Bacillaceae (1.7-36.3%), Thermaceae (0.1-65.5%), and Limnochordaceae (0.3-30.5%) greatly proliferated. The microbial diversity within compost samples exhibited a marked decline as a result of the proliferation of thermophilic bacteria. In the spawning step, there were considerable increases in Xanthomonadaceae in the pasteurized composts of farms C and D - both of which employed an aeration system. In the harvesting phase, beta diversity correlated strongly between the casing soil layer and pre-harvest mushrooms, as well as between gloves and packaged mushrooms. The results suggest that gloves may be a major source of cross-contamination for packaged mushrooms, highlighting the need for enhanced hygienic practices during the harvesting phase to ensure product safety. These findings contribute to the current understanding of the influence of environmental and adjacent microbiomes on mushroom products to benefit the mushroom industry and relevant stakeholders by ensuring quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hee Ban
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, South Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, South Korea; Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Choi
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - In Jun Hwang
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Se-Ri Kim
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, South Korea.
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Chutimanukul P, Phatthanamas W, Thepsilvisut O, Chantarachot T, Thongtip A, Chutimanukul P. Commercial scale production of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. 1797) using rubber and bamboo sawdust substrates in tropical regions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13316. [PMID: 37587218 PMCID: PMC10432537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) is one of the most sought out mushrooms that is widely used for both direct consumption and medicinal purposes. While its demand increases worldwide, cultivation of the mushroom is limited to temperate areas and its production in tropical regions has never been explored. The aim of this study was to test the utilization of rubber and bamboo sawdust, alone or as a substrate mixture, for industrial scale Yamabushitake mushroom production. Five substrate treatments with various ratios of the two sawdust were compared for their physicochemical properties in relation to mushroom productivity. The highest mushroom fresh and dry (113.22 and 23.25 g, respectively), biological efficiency (42.61%), and cap size (9.53 cm) were obtained from the substrates containing 100% rubber sawdust, with the mushroom yield decreasing proportional to the ratio of bamboo sawdust. The 100% rubber sawdust substrate provided a higher initial organic matter and carbon content together with C:N ratio at 63.2%, 36.7% and 65.48, respectively, whereas the 100% bamboo sawdust provided higher nitrogen content (1.03%), which was associated with lower mushroom yield but higher number of fruiting bodies. As in the 100% rubber sawdust substrate, a comparable mushroom yield and growth attributes were also obtained in the 3:1 rubber-bamboo sawdust mixture substrate. Principle component analysis of the measured variables indicated a strong influence of substrate C:N ratio before spawning and the change in substrate electrical conductivity and N content after cultivation to the variation in mushroom productivity among the treatments. The results demonstrate the applicability of rubber sawdust and its combination with up to 25% of bamboo sawdust for Yamabushitake mushroom cultivation and provide the basis for substrate optimization in the tropical Yamabushitake mushroom industry through a circular economy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preuk Chutimanukul
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wongsakorn Phatthanamas
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ornprapa Thepsilvisut
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thanin Chantarachot
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Akira Thongtip
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Panita Chutimanukul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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da Silva Gaspar S, Assis LLRD, Prado MPRD, Pedroso Miguel MG, Magno dos Reis Ferreira G, Schwan RF, Pasqual M, Rigobelo EC, Castro RP, Buttrós VH, Dória J. Diversity and enzymatic activity of the microbiota isolated from compost based on restaurant waste and yard trimmings. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1013361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe bad management of organic waste negatively affects environmental quality and composting has been a viable recycling alternative. Microorganisms are responsible for waste degradation during the composting process and, consequently, for transforming this waste into natural fertilizer. This work aimed to analyze and identify the biodiversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi throughout a composting process based on organic residues under different treatments (commercial inoculum, non-commercial inoculum, and control treatment) and to investigate the enzymatic activity of these microorganisms.MethodsMicroorganisms were isolated and identified from samples at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 120 days. Filamentous fungi were identified according to their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and yeasts were identified by sequencing the 18S rDNA region. All identified strains were evaluated for ligninolytic, cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, amylolytic, pectinolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, and ammonification. During the composting phases, the filamentous fungi were higher than the yeast population.Results and discussionAt the beginning of the process, a higher species diversity was observed, and the population of yeasts and filamentous fungi was, on average, 6.50 log CFU g−1. The microbial communities were similar throughout the process in the two inoculated treatments, which showed more significant microbial activity, diversity, and efficiency in the transformation of organic matter, and consequently, advantages in terms of the final product quality compared to the control treatment. The yeasts Pichia kudriavzevii, Pichia farinosa, Issatchenkia orientalis, and the filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus spp. proved to have high biotechnological value and could be used as starter cultures to accelerate the composting process.
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Zhang C, Shi X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang W. Dynamics of soil microbiome throughout the cultivation life cycle of morel ( Morchella sextelata). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:979835. [PMID: 36910237 PMCID: PMC9992412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.979835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Morchella sextelata (morel) is a well-known, edible, and medicinal fungus widely cultivated in China, the dynamics and roles of its soil microbiome during cultivation are unclear. Using rhizosphere soil samples collected throughout the M. sextelata cultivation life cycle, we conducted a high-throughput metagenomic sequencing analysis, with an emphasis on variations in soil microbial composition, characteristic biomarkers, and ecological functions. We found that microbial relative abundance, alpha diversity, and structure varied significantly among fungal growth stages. A total of 47 stage-associated biomarkers were identified through a linear discriminant analysis of effect size. In addition, horizontal comparison of soil microbiomes exhibiting successful and failed primordium formation further confirmed primordium-associated microbes with possible key roles in primordium formation. A microbial function analysis revealed that nutrient metabolism-related pathways were enriched during mycelium and fruiting body stages, whereas the signal transduction pathway was enriched during the primordium stage. This result indicates that diverse microbes are required at different growth stages of M. sextelata. Our research has revealed the dynamic scenario of the soil microbiome throughout the cultivation life cycle of M. sextelata. The high-resolution microbial profiles uncovered in the present study provide novel insights that should contribute to the improvement of morel cultivation using microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiexiong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yesheng Zhang
- Shandong Junsheng Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Tomikawa D, Okuda H. Analysis of the Bacterial Flora of Substrates Used for the Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus: Relationship between Clostridia and Yield. Microbes Environ 2023; 38:ME22041. [PMID: 37460325 PMCID: PMC10522844 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus has a high nutritional value and health benefits and its popularity is increasing among vegans and health-conscious consumers, indicating the need for its stable production. Therefore, we examined the bacterial flora of the substrates used to produce A. bisporus using a 16S rRNA gene ana-lysis and discussed the relationship between the bacterial flora and yield. The results obtained showed that A. bisporus yield slightly decreased with an increase in the abundance of Clostridia in substrates after primary fermentation. Lactobacillus showed little or no relationship with A. bisporus yield. Clostridia was identified as an indicator of A. bisporus yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishin Tomikawa
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337–8570, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okuda
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337–8570, Japan
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Chang W, Feng W, Yang Y, Shen Y, Song T, Li Y, Cai W. Metagenomics analysis of the effects of Agaricus bisporus mycelia on microbial diversity and CAZymes in compost. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14426. [PMID: 36523457 PMCID: PMC9745911 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus growth alters the lignocellulosic composition and structure of compost. However, it is difficult to differentiate the enzyme activities of A. bisporus mycelia from the wider microbial community owing to the complication of completely speareting the mycelia from compost cultures. Macrogenomics analysis was employed in this study to examine the fermentation substrate of A. bisporus before and after mycelial growth, and the molecular mechanism of substrate utilization by A. bisporus mycelia was elucidated from the perspective of microbial communities and CAZymes in the substrate. The results showed that the relative abundance of A. bisporus mycelia increased by 77.57-fold after mycelial colonization, the laccase content was significantly increased and the lignin content was significantly decreased. Analysis of the CAZymes showed that AA10 family was extremely differentiated. Laccase-producing strains associated with AA10 family were mostly bacteria belonging to Thermobifida and Thermostaphylospora, suggesting that these bacteria may play a synergistic role in lignin decomposition along with A. bisporus mycelia. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the molecular mechanism of compost utilization by A. bisporus mycelia and offer a reference for the development and utilization of strains related to lignocellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Chang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Changchun, Jilin, China,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Feng
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yingyue Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Ma L, Sun R, Yang H, Li J, Wen X, Cao Z, Zhou Y, Fu M, Li Q. Metagenomics analysis revealed the coupling of lignin degradation with humus formation mediated via shell powder during composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127949. [PMID: 36108576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was the first to explore the effect of shell powder (SP) on lignin degradation and humus (HS) formation during composting. The results showed that the treatment group (T) with SP consumed more polyphenols, reducing sugar and amino acids than the control group (CK), especially the rate of reducing sugar consumption in T (50.61 %) was significantly higher than CK (28.40 %). SP greatly enhanced the efficiency of lignin degradation (T:45.47 %; CK:24.63 %) and HS formation (T:34.93 %; CK:20.16 %). The content of HA in T was 12.94 mg/g while CK was 12.06 mg/g. SP maintained a continuous increase in the relative abundance of AA1, AA3 after cooling phase. Meanwhile, T (48.98 %) significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria compared with CK (37.19 %). Actinobacteria, AA1 and AA3 were identified as the main factors promoting lignin degradation and HS formation by correlation analysis. Therefore, adding SP could be a novel strategy to improve compost quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ru Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jixuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoli Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ziyi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengxin Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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12
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Lin WR, Li HY, Lin LC, Hsieh SY. Dynamics of Microbial Community during the Co-Composting of Swine and Poultry Manure with Spent Mushroom Substrates at an Industrial Scale. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102064. [PMID: 36296339 PMCID: PMC9608188 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) can be developed as a biofertilizer through composting. Here, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during commercial composting and the effect of swine and poultry manure on their communities through MiSeq pyrosequencing. Weissella paramesenteroides and Lactobacillus helveticus were dominant bacterial species in the composts with soy waste (SMS-SW), whereas Thermotogaceae sp. and Ureibacillus sp. were dominant in the composts with swine and poultry manure (SMS-PM). For the fungal community, Flammulina velutipes was dominant in SMS-SW, whereas Trichosporon asahii, Candida catenulate, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida tropicalis were dominant in SMS-PM. The addition of manure affected the bacterial community significantly. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial communities were affected by temperature, potassium, and potassium oxide and fungal communities by temperature, Kjeldahl nitrogen, organic matter, and ammonium nitrogen. Our findings can guide future research on composting microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rou Lin
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (W.-R.L.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Han-Yun Li
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan
| | - Lei-Chen Lin
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yuan Hsieh
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (W.-R.L.); (S.-Y.H.)
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13
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Thai M, Safianowicz K, Bell TL, Kertesz MA. Dynamics of microbial community and enzyme activities during preparation of Agaricus bisporus compost substrate. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:88. [PMID: 37938292 PMCID: PMC9723551 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) are grown commercially on a specialized substrate that is usually prepared from wheat straw and poultry manure in a microbially-mediated composting process. The quality and yield of the mushroom crop depends critically on the quality of this composted substrate, but details of the microbial community responsible for compost production have only emerged recently. Here we report a detailed study of microbial succession during mushroom compost production (wetting, thermophilic, pasteurization/conditioning, spawn run). The wetting and thermophilic phases were characterized by a rapid succession of bacterial and fungal communities, with maximum diversity at the high heat stage. Pasteurization/conditioning selected for a more stable community dominated by the thermophilic actinomycete Mycothermus thermophilus and a range of bacterial taxa including Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis and other Proteobacteria. These taxa decreased during spawn run and may be acting as a direct source of nutrition for the proliferating Agaricus mycelium, which has previously been shown to use microbial biomass in the compost for growth. Comparison of bacterial communities at five geographically separated composting yards in south-eastern Australia revealed similarities in microbial succession during composting, although the dominant bacterial taxa varied among sites. This suggests that specific microbial taxa or combinations of taxa may provide useful biomarkers of compost quality and may be applied as predictive markers of mushroom crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann Thai
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Safianowicz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tina L Bell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Kertesz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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14
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Moitinho MA, Chiaramonte JB, Bononi L, Gumiere T, Melo IS, Taketani RG. Fungal succession on the decomposition of three plant species from a Brazilian mangrove. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14547. [PMID: 36008524 PMCID: PMC9411622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf decomposition is the primary process in release of nutrients in the dynamic mangrove habitat, supporting the ecosystem food webs. On most environments, fungi are an essential part of this process. However, due to the peculiarities of mangrove forests, this group is currently neglected. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that fungal communities display a specific succession pattern in different mangrove species and this due to differences in their ecological role. A molecular approach was employed to investigate the dynamics of the fungal community during the decomposition of three common plant species (Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia schaueriana) from a mangrove habitat located at the southeast of Brazil. Plant material was the primary driver of fungi communities, but time also was marginally significant for the process, and evident changes in the fungal community during the decomposition process were observed. The five most abundant classes common to all the three plant species were Saccharomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes, all belonging to the Phylum Ascomycota. Microbotryomycetes class were shared only by A. schaueriana and L. racemosa, while Agaricomycetes class were shared by L. racemosa and R. mangle. The class Glomeromycetes were shared by A. schaueriana and R. mangle. The analysis of the core microbiome showed that Saccharomycetes was the most abundant class. In the variable community, Sordariomycetes was the most abundant one, mainly in the Laguncularia racemosa plant. The results presented in this work shows a specialization of the fungal community regarding plant material during litter decomposition which might be related to the different chemical composition and rate of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Moitinho
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil.,College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Josiane B Chiaramonte
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil.,College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Bononi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil.,College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gumiere
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement. 490, rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Itamar S Melo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural. Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Environment, SP 340. Highway-Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Taketani
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil. .,CETEM, Centre for Mineral Technology, MCTIC Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, ZC, 21941-908, Brazil.
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15
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Tello Martín ML, Lavega R, Carrasco JC, Pérez M, Pérez-Pulido AJ, Thon M, Pérez Benito E. Influence of Agaricus bisporus establishment and fungicidal treatments on casing soil metataxonomy during mushroom cultivation. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:442. [PMID: 35701764 PMCID: PMC9199190 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of edible mushroom is an emerging sector with a potential yet to be discovered. Unlike plants, it is a less developed agriculture where many studies are lacking to optimize the cultivation. In this work we have employed high-throughput techniques by next generation sequencing to screen the microbial structure of casing soil employed in mushroom cultivation (Agaricus bisporus) while sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region of rRNA for. In addition, the microbiota dynamics and evolution (bacterial and fungal communities) in peat-based casing along the process of incubation of A. bisporus have been studied, while comparing the effect of fungicide treatment (chlorothalonil and metrafenone). Statistically significant changes in populations of bacteria and fungi were observed. Microbial composition differed significantly based on incubation day, changing radically from the original communities in the raw material to a specific microbial composition driven by the A. bisporus mycelium growth. Chlorothalonil treatment seems to delay casing colonization by A. bisporus. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota appeared as the most dominant bacterial phyla. We observed a great change in the structure of the bacteria populations between day 0 and the following days. Fungi populations changed more gradually, with A. bisporus displacing the rest of the species as the cultivation cycle progresses. A better understanding of the microbial communities in the casing will hopefully allow us to increase the biological efficiency of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Tello Martín
- Mushroom Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, 26560, Autol, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Lavega
- Mushroom Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, 26560, Autol, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jaime Carrasco Carrasco
- Mushroom Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, 26560, Autol, La Rioja, Spain.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, SParks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Mushroom Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, 26560, Autol, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Antonio J Pérez-Pulido
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD, UPO-CSIC-JA). Faculty of Experimental Sciences (Genetics Dept.), University Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael Thon
- Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Calle Río Duero 12, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez Benito
- Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Calle Río Duero 12, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Lu M, Schneider D, Daniel R. Metagenomic Screening for Lipolytic Genes Reveals an Ecology-Clustered Distribution Pattern. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:851969. [PMID: 35756004 PMCID: PMC9226776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.851969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes are one of the most important enzyme types for application in various industrial processes. Despite the continuously increasing demand, only a small portion of the so far encountered lipolytic enzymes exhibit adequate stability and activities for biotechnological applications. To explore novel and/or extremophilic lipolytic enzymes, microbial consortia in two composts at thermophilic stage were analyzed using function-driven and sequence-based metagenomic approaches. Analysis of community composition by amplicon-based 16S rRNA genes and transcripts, and direct metagenome sequencing revealed that the communities of the compost samples were dominated by members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. Function-driven screening of the metagenomic libraries constructed from the two samples yielded 115 unique lipolytic enzymes. The family assignment of these enzymes was conducted by analyzing the phylogenetic relationship and generation of a protein sequence similarity network according to an integrated classification system. The sequence-based screening was performed by using a newly developed database, containing a set of profile Hidden Markov models, highly sensitive and specific for detection of lipolytic enzymes. By comparing the lipolytic enzymes identified through both approaches, we demonstrated that the activity-directed complements sequence-based detection, and vice versa. The sequence-based comparative analysis of lipolytic genes regarding diversity, function and taxonomic origin derived from 175 metagenomes indicated significant differences between habitats. Analysis of the prevalent and distinct microbial groups providing the lipolytic genes revealed characteristic patterns and groups driven by ecological factors. The here presented data suggests that the diversity and distribution of lipolytic genes in metagenomes of various habitats are largely constrained by ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Analysis of the Composition of Substrate for Industrial Fermentation of Agaricus bisporus Based on Secondary and Tertiary Fermentation Mode Composition Analysis of Industrial Fermentation Substrates of A. bisporus. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes in metabolites during the fermentation of Agaricus bisporus compost under the Shanghai Lianzhong secondary fermentation method and Jiangsu Yuguan tertiary fermentation method were analysed by applying gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to understand the differences in metabolites under different fermentation methods and find metabolic markers at different fermentation stages in different fermentation methods. The results showed that 1002 compounds were identified. Based on the differential metabolites from pathways of significant enrichment, it was found that L-aspartic acid and 5-aminobenzolevulinic acid could be used as potential metabolic markers to evaluate the phase 2 fermentation method of Shanghai Lianzhong and the phase 3 fermentation method of Jiangsu Yuguan, respectively. This study provides a reference for the preparation of quality-stable fermentation materials and further understanding of the cultivation of A. bisporus with fermentation materials.
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18
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Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Zhao Y, Kakumyan P. Impact of Cultivation Substrate and Microbial Community on Improving Mushroom Productivity: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040569. [PMID: 35453768 PMCID: PMC9027886 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lignocellulosic material and substrate formulations affect mushroom productivity. The microbial community in cultivation substrates affects the quality of the substrates and the efficiency of mushroom production. The elucidation of the key microbes and their biochemical function can serve as a useful guide in the development of a more effective system for mushroom cultivation. Abstract Lignocellulosic materials commonly serve as base substrates for mushroom production. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the major components of lignocellulose materials. The composition of these components depends upon the plant species. Currently, composted and non-composted lignocellulosic materials are used as substrates in mushroom cultivation depending on the mushroom species. Different substrate compositions can directly affect the quality and quantity of mushroom production yields. Consequently, the microbial dynamics and communities of the composting substrates can significantly affect mushroom production. Therefore, changes in both substrate composition and microbial diversity during the cultivation process can impact the production of high-quality substrates and result in a high degree of biological efficiency. A brief review of the current findings on substrate composition and microbial diversity for mushroom cultivation is provided in this paper. We also summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of mushroom cultivation by analyzing the microbial diversity of the composting substrates during mushroom cultivation. The resulting information will serve as a useful guide for future researchers in their attempts to increase mushroom productivity through the selection of suitable substrate compositions and their relation to the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (P.K.)
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19
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Braat N, Koster MC, Wösten HA. Beneficial interactions between bacteria and edible mushrooms. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Kumar Awasthi A, Yuan Z, Kumar Awasthi M, Li M, Mishra S, Kumar Pandey A. Bioprocess potential of Eco-friendly fungal isolates converting organic waste to bioresource. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126586. [PMID: 34929330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to present indigenous fungal diversity in the soil sample collected from solid waste disposal site. The synthesis of cellulase enzymes via in laboratory scale study has been performed using indigenous fungus isolates. Additionally; its impact has been evaluated on the basis of the bioconversion of organic waste treated employing screened potential cellulase producer fungi which is further used for primary and secondary screening of cellulolytic. The findings advised that, a total of 27 fungal isolates belonging to twenty-four genera were reported as most potential fungal strains. The findings indicates a highest exo-β-glucanase (C1) enzymatic action was observed by fungal strains T. harzianum, T. viride , A. niger. These isolates are promising and could be suitable candidate for biodegradation of organic waste due to its's well established extraordinary ability. Therefore, these fungal isolates are suggested for more in depth research in order to use for recycling of organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Awasthi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | | | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Saket Mishra
- Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pandey
- Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India; Mycological Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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21
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Araujo ASF, de Pereira APDA, Antunes JEL, Oliveira LMDS, de Melo WJ, Rocha SMB, do Amorim MR, Araujo FF, Melo VMM, Mendes LW. Dynamics of bacterial and archaeal communities along the composting of tannery sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64295-64306. [PMID: 34304356 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The process of composting has been proposed as a biological alternative to improve the quality of tannery sludge (TS) by the action of microbial communities. However, there is limited knowledge about the dynamic of these microbial communities during the composting process. This study assessed the responses of bacterial and archaeal communities during TS composting using the 16S rRNA sequencing. The composting process occurred within 90 days, and samples of compost were collected on day 7 (d7; mesophilic stage), 30 (d30; thermophilic stage), 60 (d60; cooling stage), and 90 (d90; maturation stage). The results showed a succession of microbial phyla during the composting with enrichment of Synergistetes, WS1, and Euryarchaeota at the mesophilic stage, while at the thermophilic stage, there was an enrichment of Hydrogenedentes, WPS-2, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus. At the cooling stage, there was an enrichment of Kiritimatiellaeota, and at the maturation stage, there was an enrichment of Entotheonellaeota, Dadabacteria, Nitrospirae, Dependiatiae, and Fibrobacteres. When analyzing the drivers influencing microbial communities, Cr and pH presented more negative correlations with general phyla. In contrast, S, C, K, temperature, and N presented more positive correlations, while Ni, Cd, and P showed fewer correlations. According to niche occupancy, we observed a decreased proportion of generalists with a consequently increased proportion of specialists following the composting process. This study showed that different stages of the composting present a specific microbial community structure and dynamics, which are related to some specific composting characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wanderley José de Melo
- Technology Department, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Campus of Descalvado, Brazil University, Descalvado, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vania Maria Maciel Melo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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22
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Ponnusamy A, Ajis AH, Tan YS, Chai LC. Dynamics of fungal and bacterial microbiome associated with green-mould contaminated sawdust substrate of Pleurotus pulmonarius (grey oyster mushroom). J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2131-2143. [PMID: 34637602 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Green-mould contamination is identified as one of the challenges faced by mushroom cultivation industry globally which believed to be caused by Trichoderma spp. METHODS AND RESULTS To explore the dynamics of microbial population in mushroom substrate during commercial mushroom cultivation and how microbiota might play a role in green-mould contamination, we applied both culturing and targeted metagenomics approaches to identify microbiota in noncomposted sawdust substrates at different cultivation stages. The microbiological analysis showed that the green-mould contaminated substrates harboured higher total mesophilic bacteria count. The green-moulds isolated from the contaminated mushroom substrates were identified as Trichoderma pleurotum (n = 15; 93.8%) and Graphium penicillioides (n = 1; 6.3%). To our surprise, the targeted metagenomic analysis revealed that Graphium comprised 56.3% while Trichoderma consisted of only 36.1% of the total fungi population, suggesting that green-mould contamination might not be caused by Trichoderma alone, but also Graphium that grows very slowly in the laboratory. CONCLUSION It is worthwhile to note that G. penicillioides was also isolated in the early stages of mushroom cultivation, but not T. pleurotum. The results indicated that the structure and composition of the bacterial population in the mushroom substrate varied and the bacterial population shifted along the cultivation process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study revealed a possibility of G. penicillioides as an overlooked fungi causing green-mould contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameertha Ponnusamy
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ana Hazirah Ajis
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Shin Tan
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Ching Chai
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Rocha Vieira F, Andrew Pecchia J. Fungal community assembly during a high-temperature composting under different pasteurization regimes used to elaborate the Agaricus bisporus substrate. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:826-833. [PMID: 34537178 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus cultivation is based on a selective substrate prepared by a meticulous composting process where thermophilic and/or thermotolerant fungi might play an important role in straw biomass depolymerization. Since fungi have physiological limitations to survive and grow in high-temperature environments, we set out different pasteurization regimes (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h) to evaluate the impact on the fungal community assembly. The fungal community profile generated by high-throughput sequencing showed shifts in community diversity and composition under different pasteurization regimes. Most of the recovered sequences belong to the Ascomycota phylum. Among 73 species detected, Mycothermus thermophilus, Talaromyces thermophilus, and Thermomyces lanuginosus were the most abundant. In the current study, we outlined that pasteurization regimes can reshape the fungal community in compost which can potentially impact the A. bisporus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Rocha Vieira
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - John Andrew Pecchia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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24
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Ezugworie FN, Igbokwe VC, Onwosi CO. Proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and associated genes during composting: An overview of the potential impacts on public health, management and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147191. [PMID: 33905939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues together with non-antibiotic drugs and heavy metals act as a selective pressure for the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during composting of livestock manure. ARMs, ARGs and MGEs have become emerging contaminants since they are regularly implicated in the majority of compost produced from livestock manure. The prevalence of these contaminants in agricultural soil receiving compost has drawn huge attention globally due to the risks they pose to the total environment. Although a large body of literature exists on the application of composting methods in minimizing the relative abundance of these contaminants, there is a paucity of information on the robustness, limitations and opportunities and threats of various composting protocols currently deployed. To address this knowledge gap, the current review compiled literature on the origin and mechanisms of the proliferation of ARMs, ARGs, and MGEs during composting of livestock manure. The effectiveness of current composting protocols in the reduction or removal of emerging contaminants was evaluated. Furthermore, the potential environmental impacts and human health risks of these contaminants following land application of compost were also presented. Finally, we propose some strategic approaches for the reduction of ARGs and MGEs during composting of livestock manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora N Ezugworie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Victor C Igbokwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bioconversion and Renewable Energy Research Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Study on Microbial Community Succession and Functional Analysis during Biodegradation of Mushroom Residue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6620574. [PMID: 34337038 PMCID: PMC8292071 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6620574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in mushroom residue samples at different composting stages. During the composting process, the maximum temperature in the center of the pile can reach 52.4°C, and the temperature above 50°C has been maintained for about 8 days. The results showed that Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the main microorganisms in the composting process, accounting for 98.9%-99.7% of the total bacteria. Furthermore, in order to obtain the protein expressed in each stage of composting, the nonstandard quantitative method (label free) was used to analyze it quantitatively by mass spectrometry, anda total of 22815 proteins were identified. It indicated that the number of identified proteins related to cellulose decomposition and the number of differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched, and the functional proteins related to cellulose decomposition had significant stage correspondence.
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Wang Q, Juan J, Xiao T, Zhang J, Chen H, Song X, Chen M, Huang J. The physical structure of compost and C and N utilization during composting and mushroom growth in Agaricus bisporus cultivation with rice, wheat, and reed straw-based composts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3811-3823. [PMID: 33877414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus with compost made from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and reed (Phragmites australis Trin.) straw was investigated. Straw degradation was analyzed at the microscopic level, and the corresponding changes in the breakdown of different lignocellulose components during different phases of composting and mushroom production helped in understanding the yield-limiting factors of using different straws to grow mushrooms. The wheat straw compost resulted in the highest mushroom production and had the highest bioconversion efficiency. The rice straw was limited by the softer texture, which resulted in low-porosity and overdecomposed compost in the composting process and decreased the amount of available lignocellulose during mycelial growth. Although reed straw had the largest carbon resources, its utilization rate was the lowest. The hard structure, low water holding capacity, and high porosity increased the recalcitrance of reed straw to degradation and prolonged the composting time, which resulted in large N and C losses and an increased C/N ratio. Moreover, reed straw failed to transform into "ready-to-consume C" in composting. Therefore, a high C/N ratio and deficiency of available nutrition decreased the utilization efficiency of the lignocellulosic components by A. bisporus during mycelial colonization and mushroom production. The investigation revealed that degradability by and availability to microbiota and A. bisporus seemed to be the overriding factors for optimizing the composting process with different straw types. KEY POINTS: • The physical structure of compost has a significant influence on the composting process. • Degradability and availability are key factors in compost quality evaluation. • Lignocellulose utilization efficiency positively correlated with mushroom yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jiaxiang Juan
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Song T, Shen Y, Jin Q, Feng W, Fan L, Cao G, Cai W. Bacterial community diversity, lignocellulose components, and histological changes in composting using agricultural straws for Agaricus bisporus production. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10452. [PMID: 33614258 PMCID: PMC7879949 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural straws (AS) may serve as potential base-substances in the production of Agaricus bisporus. Six AS that occur across China were investigated in a two-stage composting experiment; lignocellulose components, AS morphology, and the effects of different AS on mushroom yields from 2015-2017 were examined. In addition, microbial biodiversity and their impact on substrate degradation were studied using 16S gene sequenc based on six different AS on the 3rd (I.F), 6th (I.S), and 10th (I.T) day of Phase I, and Phase II (II). Results showed that the six different AS exhibited differences in the progression of degradation under the same compost condition; the wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton straw induced a significantly higher mushroom yield than did the others (P < 0.05); Thermobispora, Thermopolyspora, and Vulgatibacter genera may play an important role in the different AS degradations. According to our experiments, we can adjust formulations and compost methods to obtain high-yield mushroom compost based on different AS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzghou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingyue Shen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzghou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunli Jin
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzghou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Feng
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzghou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzghou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- China Jiliang University, College of Standardisation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzghou, Zhejiang, China
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Carrasco J, García‐Delgado C, Lavega R, Tello ML, De Toro M, Barba‐Vicente V, Rodríguez‐Cruz MS, Sánchez‐Martín MJ, Pérez M, Preston GM. Holistic assessment of the microbiome dynamics in the substrates used for commercial champignon (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1933-1947. [PMID: 32716608 PMCID: PMC7533343 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms strongly influence and are required to generate the selective substrate that provides nutrients and support for fungal growth, and ultimately to induce mushroom fructification under controlled environmental conditions. In this work, the fungal and bacterial microbiota living in the different substrates employed in a commercial crop (compost phase I, II and III, flush 1 and 2, and casing material on day 1, 6 and 8 after compost casing and during flush 1 and 2) have been characterized along the different stages of cultivation by metataxonomic analysis (16S rRNA and ITS2), analysis of phospholipid fatty acid content (PLFAs) and RT-qPCR. Additionally, laccase activity and the content of lignin and complex carbohydrates in compost and casing have been quantified. The bacterial diversity in compost and casing increased throughout the crop cycle boosted by the connection of both substrates. As reflected by the PLFAs, the total living bacterial biomass appears to be negatively correlated with the mycelium of the crop. Agaricus bisporus was the dominant fungal species in colonized substrates, displacing the pre-eminent Ascomycota, accompanied by a sustained increase in laccase activity, which is considered to be a major product of protein synthesis during the mycelial growth of champignon. From phase II onwards, the metabolic machinery of the fungal crop degrades lignin and carbohydrates in compost, while these components are hardly degraded in casing, which reflects the minor role of the casing for nourishing the crop. The techniques employed in this study provide a holistic and detailed characterization of the changing microbial composition in commercial champignon substrates. The knowledge generated will contribute to improve compost formulations (selection of base materials) and accelerate compost production, for instance, through biotechnological interventions in the form of tailored biostimulants and to design environmentally sustainable bio-based casing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Carrasco
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordS Parks RdOxfordOX1 3RBUK
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH)AutolSpain
| | - Carlos García‐Delgado
- Departamento de Geología y GeoquímicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA‐CSIC)SalamancaSpain
| | - Rebeca Lavega
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH)AutolSpain
| | - María L. Tello
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH)AutolSpain
| | - María De Toro
- Plataforma de Genómica y BioinformáticaCentro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR)LogroñoSpain
| | - Víctor Barba‐Vicente
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA‐CSIC)SalamancaSpain
| | | | | | - Margarita Pérez
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH)AutolSpain
| | - Gail M. Preston
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordS Parks RdOxfordOX1 3RBUK
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Pennone V, Dygico KL, Coffey A, Gahan CG, Grogan H, McAuliffe O, Burgess CM, Jordan K. Effectiveness of current hygiene practices on minimization of Listeria monocytogenes in different mushroom production-related environments. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3456-3468. [PMID: 32724609 PMCID: PMC7382171 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The commercial production of Agaricus bisporus is a three stage process: 1) production of compost, also called "substrate"; 2) production of casing soil; and 3) production of the mushrooms. Hygiene practices are undertaken at each stage: pasteurization of the substrate, hygiene practices applied during the production of casing soil, postharvest steam cookout, and disinfection at the mushroom production facilities. However, despite these measures, foodborne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, are reported in the mushroom production environment. In this work, the presence of L. monocytogenes was evaluated before and after the application of hygiene practices at each stage of mushroom production with swabs, samples of substrate, casing, and spent mushroom growing substrates. RESULTS L. monocytogenes was not detected in any casing or substrate sample by enumeration according to BS EN ISO 11290-2:1998. Analysis of the substrate showed that L. monocytogenes was absent in 10 Phase II samples following pasteurization, but was then present in 40% of 10 Phase III samples. At the casing production facility, 31% of 59 samples were positive. Hygiene improvements were applied, and after four sampling occasions, 22% of 37 samples were positive, but no statistically significant difference was observed (p > .05). At mushroom production facilities, the steam cookout process inactivated L. monocytogenes in the spent growth substrate, but 13% of 15 floor swabs at Company 1 and 19% of 16 floor swabs at Company 2, taken after disinfection, were positive. CONCLUSION These results showed the possibility of L. monocytogenes recontamination of Phase III substrate, cross-contamination at the casing production stage and possible survival after postharvest hygiene practices at the mushroom growing facilities. This information will support the development of targeted measures to minimize L. monocytogenes in the mushroom industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc research centreMooreparkIreland
- Cork Institute of TechnologyBishopstownIreland
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Tang Z, Lin Z, Wang Y, Zhao P, Kuang F, Zhou J. Coupling of thermophilic biofilm-based systems and ozonation for enhanced organics removal from high-temperature pulping wastewater: Performance, microbial communities, and pollutant transformations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136802. [PMID: 31982769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the establishment of thermophilic biofilm-based systems (TBSs) coupled with ozonation for treatment of high-temperature pulping wastewater. The effects of the inoculum, sludge growth mode, and temperature were investigated. These factors played roles in the organics removal performance and microbial communities of pulping wastewater treatment systems. At 50 °C, the TBS inoculated with optimal inoculum achieved 59.12% and 37.96% reductions in COD and chromaticity, which were superior to the reductions achieved by other systems. In this TBS, thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganisms (Chloroflexus, Meiothermus, norank_f_Caldilineaceae, and Roseiflexus) and carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria (norank_f_Anaerolineaceae) were predominant. Their relative abundances were 25.55% and 10.42%, respectively. For enhanced removal of COD and chromaticity, an integrated system consisting of a primary TBS, ozonation, and a secondary TBS was proposed. The total COD and chromaticity removal efficiencies increased to 90.48% and 87.89%, respectively. BOD5/COD increased from 0.20 to 0.40, and shifts of lignin-like and humic acid-like substances were observed during ozonation with the primary TBS effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Faguo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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31
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Liu L, Xu M, Cao Y, Wang H, Shao J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Meng X, Liu W. Biochemical Characterization of Xylanases from Streptomyces sp. B6 and Their Application in the Xylooligosaccharide Production from Viscose Fiber Production Waste. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3184-3194. [PMID: 32105462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan represents a promising way to produce xylooligosaccharide (XOS), which is a novel ingredient in functional food. However, the recalcitrance of xylan in natural lignocellulosic biomass entails effective and robust xylanases. In the present study, we reported the isolation of a thermophilic Streptomyces sp. B6 from mushroom compost producing high xylanase activity. Two xylanases of Streptomyces sp. B6 belonging to GH10 (XynST10) and GH11 (XynST11) families were thus identified and biochemically characterized to be robust enzymes with high alkaline- and thermostability. Direct hydrolysis of neutralized viscose fiber production waste using XynST10 and XynST11 showed that while XynST10 produced 23.22 g/L XOS with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-4 and 9.27 g/L xylose, XynST11 produced much less xylose (1.19 g/L) and a higher amounts of XOS with a DP = 2-4 (28.29 g/L). Thus, XynST11 holds great potential for the production of XOS from agricultural and industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Company Group, No. 29 Miaoling Road, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Company Group, No. 29 Miaoling Road, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Zhang
- Leling Shengli New Energy Company, Limited, Yangan, Leling, Dezhou 253614, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Wang
- Leling Shengli New Energy Company, Limited, Yangan, Leling, Dezhou 253614, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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32
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Gómez-Silván C, Andersen GL, Calvo C, Aranda E. Assessment of bacterial and fungal communities in a full-scale thermophilic sewage sludge composting pile under a semipermeable cover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122550. [PMID: 31837577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal communities in a full-scale composting pile were investigated, with sewage sludge and a vegetal bulking agent as starting materials. Bacillales and Actinomycetales were predominant throughout the process, showing significant abundance. Ascomycota was the predominant fungal phylum during the thermophilic phase, with a shift to Basidiomycota at the end of the process. The bulking material was the principal contributor to both communities by the end of the process, with a signal above 50%. The presence of genera, such as Pedomicrobium, Ureibacillus and Tepidimicrobium at the end of the process, and Chaetomium and Arthrographis in the maturation phase, showed an inverse correlation with indicators of organic matter stabilisation. A semipermeable cover was an effective technology for excluding pathogens. These results indicate that changes in the microbial population and their interrelation with operational variables could represent a useful tool for monitoring composting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Gómez-Silván
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management (ESPM), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology (EGSB), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 717 Potter St, bld. 977, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States
| | - Gary L Andersen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management (ESPM), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology (EGSB), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 717 Potter St, bld. 977, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States
| | - Concepción Calvo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
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Hu T, Wang X, Zhen L, Gu J, Zhang K, Wang Q, Ma J, Peng H, Lei L, Zhao W. Effects of inoculating with lignocellulose-degrading consortium on cellulose-degrading genes and fungal community during co-composting of spent mushroom substrate with swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121876. [PMID: 31377509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Composting is used widely for recycling spent mushroom substrate (SMS). This study investigated the effects of inoculating a lignocellulose-degrading consortium at two levels comprising 0% (control: CK) and 10% (T) on the fungal community and cellulose-degrading genes during SMS co-composting with swine manure. Lignocellulose degradation rate in T was 8.77-34.45% higher compared with CK. Inoculation affected the distribution of the fungal community, increased the community diversity, and inhibited pathogens. Network analysis showed that inoculation changed the co-occurrence patterns of the fungal communities and made the co-composting system more stable. The relative abundances of glycoside hydrolase genes GH3E (fungal GH3), GH6, and GH7 were 0.45, 0.09, and 0.39 logs higher in T, respectively, than CK. Partial least-squares path modeling suggested that the variations in cellulose-degrading genes were driven mainly by changes in the fungal community during co-composting. Therefore, the lignocellulose-degrading consortium accelerated the transformation of lignocellulose to facilitate safer composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Province Institute of Microbiology, Xian, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lisha Zhen
- Shaanxi Province Institute of Microbiology, Xian, Shaanxi 710043, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qianzhi Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiyue Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huiling Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenya Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Mao H, Zhang H, Fu Q, Zhong M, Li R, Zhai B, Wang Z, Zhou L. Effects of four additives in pig manure composting on greenhouse gas emission reduction and bacterial community change. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121896. [PMID: 31404757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four different additives of Medical stone (MS), Zeolite (ZL), Bamboo biochar (BC), and Wood vinegar (WV) were investigated in pig manure composting. The four additives reduced the peak CH4 emission from 54% to 74%, while reduced N2O loss from 36% to 69%, compared with control (CK). WV and ZL showed better ability in N2O loss reduction, yet MS with the efficient inhibition both on CH4 and NH3 emissions. The bacterial community analysis indicated that bacterial diversity in the maturity phase was higher than that in the thermophilic phase, especially with treatments of ZL, BC and WV. The selected factors of pH, temperature, TOC and DOC could influence the thermophilic phase, while EC and TKN related closely with maturity phase in pig manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Fu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Minzheng Zhong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bingnian Zhai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Carrasco J, Preston GM. Growing edible mushrooms: a conversation between bacteria and fungi. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:858-872. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Carrasco
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of Oxford, S Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3RB UK
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH) Autol Spain
| | - Gail M. Preston
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of Oxford, S Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3RB UK
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Dash PK, Bhattacharyya P, Shahid M, Roy PS, Padhy SR, Swain CK, Kumar U, Kumar A, Gautam P, Lal B, Panneerselvam P, Nayak AK. Structural diversity and efficacy of culturable cellulose decomposing bacteria isolated from rice-pulse resource conservation practices. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:963-978. [PMID: 31410860 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of cellulolytic bacteria from the rice-pulse system can be sourced for identification of efficient cellulose decomposing microbial strains. In the present study, the abundance, structural diversity, and cellulolytic potential of the culturable bacterial community were studied in 5-year old rice-pulse system under different resource conservation technologies. Higher cellulose (68% more) and xylanase (35% more) activities were observed under zero tilled soil. The populations of cellulolytic bacteria were significantly higher (44%) in zero tillage (ZT) treatment than those of conventional practice. Results revealed that the cellulolytic bacterial diversity was found to be significantly higher under ZT practice, but the present population may not be sufficient for effective recycling of organic wastes in this system. Out of 290 bacterial isolates, 20 isolates had significantly higher cellulolytic activities, of which the top three superior isolates were received from ZT practice. The cellulolytic bacterial diversity based on 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed that the Firmicutes was the most dominant phyla and the Bacillus spp. were the common genus, the observation also showed that there were 17 different haplotypes were recorded among 20 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria. The present findings indicated that long-term ZT in the rice-pulse system could be a unique source for efficient cellulose decomposing bacteria and further the efficient bacterial strains isolated from this system can be used as efficient bioinoculants for in situ as well as ex-situ decomposition of rice straw particularly in conservation agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Dash
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Pritesh Sunder Roy
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Padhy
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Chinmaya Kumar Swain
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Banawari Lal
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Amaresh Kumar Nayak
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Samet M, Karray F, Mhiri N, Kamoun L, Sayadi S, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Effect of phosphogypsum addition in the composting process on the physico-chemical proprieties and the microbial diversity of the resulting compost tea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21404-21415. [PMID: 31124074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoric acid production and olive oil production are among the most important economical sectors in Tunisia. However, they generate huge amounts of wastes (phosphogypsum, olive mill waste water, and olive pomace). In a previous study, we used phosphogypsum (PG), in co-composting with organic wastes. Three composts were produced; their PG content was of 0 (AT), 10 (A10), and 30% (A30). In the present study, we focused on their derived compost teas. The physico-chemical characterization of the different compost teas showed that those from A10 and A30 composts presented higher P and Ca contents than that from control one (AT). The microbial characterization using DGGE showed a noticeable microbial diversity in the different compost teas and that the addition of 10% and 30% PG in the compost had different effects on the compost tea microbial diversity. The identification results showed that the addition of 10 and 30% of PG did not affect the presence of PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) and fungal soil antagonists in the compost teas. Two PGPRs were isolated from AT and A30 compost teas, and their effect on the growth of potato plants in vitro was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Samet
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mhiri
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Kamoun
- Groupe Chimique Tunisien, Direction de la Recherche Scientifique, Route de Gabes km 3,5, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Plantes et Valorisation des Agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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Meng Q, Xu X, Zhang W, Men M, Xu B, Deng L, Bello A, Jiang X, Sheng S, Wu X. Bacterial community succession in dairy manure composting with a static composting technique. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:436-449. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Men
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Benshu Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Liting Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ayodeji Bello
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Sheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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Zhang HL, Wei JK, Wang QH, Yang R, Gao XJ, Sang YX, Cai PP, Zhang GQ, Chen QJ. Lignocellulose utilization and bacterial communities of millet straw based mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 30718596 PMCID: PMC6362146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is in general cultivated on wheat and rice straw in China. However, millet straw is a potential alternative resource for Agaricus bisporus cultivation, but this has hardly been studied. In the present study, the feasibility of millet straw based mushroom production was analyzed by three successive trials. Mature compost demonstrated high quality with total nitrogen, pH, and C/N ratio of 2.0%, 7.5, and 18:1 respectively, which was suitable for mushroom mycelia growth. During composting, 47–50% of cellulose, 63–65% of hemicellulose, and 8–17% lignin were degraded, while 22–27% of cellulose, 14–16% of hemicellulose, and 15–21% of lignin were consumed by A. bisporus mycelia during cultivation. The highest FPUase and CMCase were observed during mushroom flushes. Endo-xylanase had the key role in hemicellulose degradation with high enzyme activity during cultivation stages. Laccase participated in lignin degradation with the highest enzyme activity in Pinning stage followed by a sharp decline at the first flush. Yield was up to 20 kg/m2, as this is similar to growth on wheat straw, this shows that millet straw is an effective resource for mushroom cultivation. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing during composting. The key environmental factors dominating bacterial communities of the samples were determined to be pH value, cellulose content, and hemicellulose content for prewetting and premixed phase of basic mixture (P0); moisture content for phase I (PI); and nitrogen content, lignin content, and ash content for phase II (PII), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jin-Kang Wei
- Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qing-Hui Wang
- Chengde Xingchunhe Agricultural Co. Ltd., Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu-Xi Sang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pan-Pan Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Qing-Jun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Duan Y, Awasthi SK, Liu T, Chen H, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Ren X, Tu Z, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Dynamics of fungal diversity and interactions with environmental elements in response to wheat straw biochar amended poultry manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:410-417. [PMID: 30551044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fungal dynamics and its correlation with physicochemical and gaseous emission were investigated using metagenomics and Heat map illustrator (HEMI). Five different concentrations of wheat straw biochar (WSB) were applied to poultry manure (PM) and composted for 50 days; those without the WSB treatment were used as a control. The results revealed the dominant phyla to be Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while Batrachochytrium, Rhizophagus, Mucor, and Puccinia were the superior genera. In particular, the diversity of Chytridiomycota and Ascomycota was more abundant among all of the treatments. Overall, the diversity of the fungal species was correspondent, but relative abundance varied significantly among all of the composts. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Non-Metric Multi- Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) indicated that different concentrations of WSB applied treatments have significantly distinct fungal communities. In addition, correlation analyses of fungal interactions with environmental elements via HEMI also indicate a clear difference among the treatments. Ultimately, the relative abundance of fungal composition significantly influenced the PM compost treated by the WSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhineng Tu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
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41
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Biological treatment of organic materials for energy and nutrients production—Anaerobic digestion and composting. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Wang K, Chu C, Li X, Wang W, Ren N. Succession of bacterial community function in cow manure composing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:63-70. [PMID: 30014999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Succession of bacterial community, metabolism function and substrate utilization capacity in 60 days composting of cow manure were analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, PICRUSt and Biolog method, respectively. The results showed that the number of bacterial OTUs increased from 176 in raw cow manure to 203 on Day-10, 220 on Day-30 and 313 on Day-60 of the composting, respectively. The PICRUSt analysis showed that the relative abundances of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism increased by 28.5% and 22.4% during the incubation, respectively, but the abundances of the genes involved in nucleotide and amino acid metabolism decreased by 21.6% and 2.1%. Furthermore, the average well color development (AWCD) of carboxylic acids (0.99-0.48) and amino acids (1.61-0.89) in Biolog Eco-microplate displayed a steady downtrend through the composting process. Redundancy analysis showed that ORP, moisture and temperature could explain 68.1%, 17.6% and 14.2% of the variation in bacterial genera, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Chu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
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43
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Zhang B, Yan L, Li Q, Zou J, Tan H, Tan W, Peng W, Li X, Zhang X. Dynamic succession of substrate-associated bacterial composition and function during Ganoderma lucidum growth. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4975. [PMID: 29915697 PMCID: PMC6004108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum, a valuable medicinal fungus, is widely distributed in China. It grows alongside with a complex microbial ecosystem in the substrate. As sequencing technology advances, it is possible to reveal the composition and functions of substrate-associated bacterial communities. Methods We analyzed the bacterial community dynamics in the substrate during the four typical growth stages of G. lucidum using next-generation sequencing. Results The physicochemical properties of the substrate (e.g. acidity, moisture, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) changed between different growth stages. A total of 598,771 sequences from 12 samples were obtained and assigned to 22 bacterial phyla. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla. Bacterial community composition and diversity significantly differed between the elongation stage and the other three growth stages. LEfSe analysis revealed a large number of bacterial taxa (e.g. Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae) with significantly higher abundance at the elongation stage. Functional pathway prediction uncovered significant abundance changes of a number of bacterial functional pathways between the elongation stage and other growth stages. At the elongation stage, the abundance of the environmental information processing pathway (mainly membrane transport) decreased, whereas that of the metabolism-related pathways increased. Discussion The changes in bacterial community composition, diversity and predicted functions were most likely related to the changes in the moisture and nutrient conditions in the substrate with the growth of G. lucidum, particularly at the elongation stage. Our findings shed light on the G. lucidum-bacteria-substrate relationships, which should facilitate the industrial cultivation of G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Yan
- Chair for Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Qiang Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang L, Li L, Pan X, Shi Z, Feng X, Gong B, Li J, Wang L. Enhanced Growth and Activities of the Dominant Functional Microbiota of Chicken Manure Composts in the Presence of Maize Straw. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1131. [PMID: 29896185 PMCID: PMC5986910 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of intensive feeding, the bulk deposition of livestock manure causes severe environmental problems. Composting is a promising method for waste disposal, and the fermentation process is driven by microbial communities. However, chicken manure contains diverse gut microbes, mainly species derived from Proteobacteria, which may include pathogens that threaten human health. To evaluate composting as a harmless treatment of livestock manure, the dynamics of the microbiota in two chicken manure composts were studied, and the influences of adding maize straw on the compost microbiota were compared. The results revealed that microbes from Firmicutes including Bacillus and Lentibacillus are the most dominant degraders with a strong amino acid metabolism, and they secrete a diverse array of proteases as revealed in metaproteomics data. The addition of maize straw to the chicken manure compost accelerated species succession at the initial stage, and stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in the dominant microbiota. Besides, under the resulting high temperature (>70°C) conditions, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was reduced by 78% in composts containing maize straw by day 4, which was faster than in compost without added maize straw, in which the abundance was reduced by 66%. Adding maize straw to chicken manure composts can therefore increase the fermentation temperature and inhibit the growth of Proteobacteria. In general, these findings provide increased insight into the dynamic changes among the dominant functional microbiota in chicken manure composts, and may contribute to the optimization of livestock manure composting on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zelu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Bin Gong
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Systems Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Šantrić L, Potočnik I, Radivojević L, Umiljendić JG, Rekanović E, Duduk B, Milijašević-Marčić S. Impact of a native Streptomyces flavovirens from mushroom compost on green mold control and yield of Agaricus bisporus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:677-684. [PMID: 29775426 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1474559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five actinobacterial isolates, obtained from button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates (i.e., compost in different phases of composting, black peat or casing layer) in Serbia in 2014-2016 were tested in vitro against the causal agents of green mold in cultivated mushroom. Out of six most promising isolates, A06 induced 42.4% in vitro growth inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum T54, and 27.6% inhibition of T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77. The novel strain A06 was identified as Streptomyces flavovirens based on macroscopic and cultural characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence and used in mushroom growing room experiments. Actinobacteria had no negative influence on mycelial growth of the cultivated mushroom in compost in situ. Isolate S. flavovirens A06 enhanced mushroom yield significantly, up to 31.5%. The A06 isolate was more efficient in enhancing yield after inoculation with the compost mold T. aggressivum (26.1%), compared to casing mold T. harzianum (8%). Considering disease incidence, actinobacteria significantly prevented green mold in compost caused by T. aggressivum (6.8%). However, fungicide prochloraz-Mn had a more significant role in reducing symptoms of casing mold, T. harzianum, in comparison with actinobacteria (24.2 and 11.8%, respectively). No significant differences between efficacies of S. flavovirens A06 and the fungicide prochloraz-Mn against T. aggressivum were revealed. These results imply that S. flavovirens A06 can be used to increase mushroom yield and contribute to disease control against the aggressive compost green mold disease caused by Trichoderma aggressivum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Šantrić
- a Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ivana Potočnik
- a Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade , Serbia
| | | | | | - Emil Rekanović
- a Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Bojan Duduk
- a Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection , Belgrade , Serbia
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Wei H, Wang L, Hassan M, Xie B. Succession of the functional microbial communities and the metabolic functions in maize straw composting process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:333-341. [PMID: 29459320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Illumina MiSeq sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) were applied to study the dynamic changes and effects of microbial community structures as well as the metabolic function of bacterial community in maize straw composting process. Results showed that humic acid contents in loosely combined humus (HA1) and stably combined humus (HA2) increased after composting and Staphylococcus, Cellulosimicrobium and Ochrobactrum possibly participated in the transformation of the process. The bacterial communities differed in different stages of the composting. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were reported the dominant phyla throughout the process and the relative abundance of the dominant phyla varied significantly (p < 0.05) over time. Moreover, the total phosphorus (TP) had the greatest influence on the microbial community structure among C/N ratio, available phosphorus (AP) and humic substances. Metabolism, cellular processes and environmental information processing might be the primary functions of microbial community during the composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration of Shanghai, School of Ecology & Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Vieira FR, Pecchia JA. An Exploration into the Bacterial Community under Different Pasteurization Conditions during Substrate Preparation (Composting-Phase II) for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:318-330. [PMID: 28730353 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substrate preparation (i.e., composting) for Agaricus bisporus cultivation is the most critical point of mushroom production. Among many factors involved in the composting process, the microbial ecology of the system is the underlying drive of composting and can be influenced by composting management techniques. Pasteurization temperature at the beginning of phase II, in theory, may influence the bacterial community and subsequently the "selectivity" and nutrition of the final substrate. Therefore, this hypothesis was tested by simulation in bioreactors under different pasteurization conditions (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h), simulating conditions adopted by many producers. Bacterial diversity, based on 16S ribosomal RNA obtained by high-throughput sequencing and classified in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was greater than previously reported using culture-dependent methods. Alpha diversity estimators show a lower diversity of OTUs under a high-temperature pasteurization condition. Bacillales order shows a relatively higher OTU abundance under a high-pasteurization temperature, which also was related to high ammonia emission measurements. On the other hand, beta diversity analysis showed no significantly changes in the bacterial community structure under different conditions. Agaricus bisporus mycelium growth during a standard spawn run period was significantly slower in the compost pasteurized at high temperature. Since the bacterial community structure was not greatly affected by different pasteurization conditions but by-products left (e.g., ammonia) at the end of compost conditioning varied, further studies need to be conducted to determine the functional role of the microbial communities found during substrate preparation for Agaricus bisporus cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Rocha Vieira
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Andrew Pecchia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Compost bacteria and fungi that influence growth and development of Agaricus bisporus and other commercial mushrooms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1639-1650. [PMID: 29362825 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms are an important food crop for many millions of people worldwide. The most important edible mushroom is the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), an excellent example of sustainable food production which is cultivated on a selective compost produced from recycled agricultural waste products. A diverse population of bacteria and fungi are involved throughout the production of Agaricus. A range of successional taxa convert the wheat straw into compost in the thermophilic composting process. These initially break down readily accessible compounds and release ammonia, and then assimilate cellulose and hemicellulose into compost microbial biomass that forms the primary source of nutrition for the Agaricus mycelium. This key process in composting is performed by a microbial consortium consisting of the thermophilic fungus Mycothermus thermophilus (Scytalidium thermophilum) and a range of thermophilic proteobacteria and actinobacteria, many of which have only recently been identified. Certain bacterial taxa have been shown to promote elongation of the Agaricus hyphae, and bacterial activity is required to induce production of the mushroom fruiting bodies during cropping. Attempts to isolate mushroom growth-promoting bacteria for commercial mushroom production have not yet been successful. Compost bacteria and fungi also cause economically important losses in the cropping process, causing a range of destructive diseases of mushroom hyphae and fruiting bodies. Recent advances in our understanding of the key bacteria and fungi in mushroom compost provide the potential to improve productivity of mushroom compost and to reduce the impact of crop disease.
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McGee CF. Microbial ecology of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom cropping process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1075-1083. [PMID: 29222576 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is the most widely cultivated mushroom species in the world. Cultivation is commenced by inoculating beds of semi-pasteurised composted organic substrate with a pure spawn of A. bisporus. The A. bisporus mycelium subsequently colonises the composted substrate by degrading the organic material to release nutrients. A layer of peat, often called "casing soil", is laid upon the surface of the composted substrate to induce the development of the mushroom crop and maintain compost environmental conditions. Extensive research has been conducted investigating the biochemistry and genetics of A. bisporus throughout the cultivation process; however, little is currently known about the wider microbial ecology that co-inhabits the composted substrate and casing layers. The compost and casing microbial communities are known to play important roles in the mushroom production process. Microbial species present in the compost and casing are known for (1) being an important source of nitrogen for the A. bisporus mycelium, (2) releasing sugar residues through the degradation of the wheat straw in the composted substrate, (3) playing a critical role in inducing development of the A. bisporus fruiting bodies and (4) acting as pathogens by parasitising the mushroom mycelium/crop. Despite a long history of research into the mushroom cropping process, an extensive review of the microbial communities present in the compost and casing has not as of yet been undertaken. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature investigating the compost and casing microbial communities throughout cultivation of the A. bisporus mushroom crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor F McGee
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Microbial communities in the native habitats of Agaricus sinodeliciosus from Xinjiang Province revealed by amplicon sequencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15719. [PMID: 29146962 PMCID: PMC5691072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus sinodeliciosus is an edible species described from China and has been successfully cultivated. However, no studies have yet reported the influence factors implicated in the process of fructification. To better know abiotic and biotic factors, physiochemical characteristics and microbial communities were investigated in five different soil samples collected in the native habitats of specimens from northern Xinjiang, southern Xinjiang, and Zhejiang Province, respectively. There are major differences in texture and morphology among different specimens of A. sinodeliciosus from Xinjiang Province. A. sinodeliciosus from southern Xinjiang was the largest. Concentrations of DOC and TN and C/N ratio are not the main reason for the differences. Microbial communities were analyzed to find out mushroom growth promoting microbes (MGPM), which may lead to the differences. Functional microbes were picked out and can be divided into two categories. Microbes in the first category may belong to MGPM. There may be symbiotic relationships between microbes in the second category and A. sinodeliciosus. Certain analyses of microbial communities support the hypothesis that interactions between microbes and mushrooms would be implicated in morphological variation of the collected mushrooms. Redundancy analysis results indicate that high DOC/NH4+-N ratio and NH4+-N concentration can improve the yield of A. sinodeliciosus.
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