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Wang Y, Xu L, Li J, Ren Z, Liu W, Ai Y, Yang K, Qu J, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Synthesis of magnetic chitosan-composite biochar and its removal of copper ions (Cu 2+) and methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35145-1. [PMID: 39358659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of a magnetic chitosan-modified biochar (M-BC-CS) composite, developed from waste maize straw, for the efficient removal of copper ions (Cu2+) and methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The composite was characterized using advanced techniques such as SEM, BET, FTIR, XPS, and XRD, confirming its enhanced surface area, porosity, and magnetic properties. The study is aimed at investigating the optimal conditions for adsorption of Cu2+ and MB by M-BC-CS through analysis of the influence of diverse adsorbent dosages, pH levels, reaction times, and initial solution concentrations. The findings demonstrated that the equilibrium duration for the adsorption of Cu2+ and MB by M-BC-CS was 60 min, resulting in corresponding equilibrium adsorption quantities of 54.42 mg/g and 67.23 mg/g, respectively. To elucidate the adsorption mechanism, the present investigation applied the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm. The outcomes suggested that the adsorption process is attributable to single molecular layer chemisorption. XPS and FTIR analysis determined that ion exchange and electrostatic interactions are the predominant mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous adsorption of Cu2+ and MB, and a competitive relationship exists between these mechanisms. In addition, M-BC-CS exhibited exceptional magnetic separation performance, enabling effortless and effective separation when exposed to an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that M-BC-CS has good reusability and high adsorption capacity also in real wastewater, thus emphasizing its potential as a promising adsorbent for the elimination of Cu2+ and MB from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jianen Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zheyi Ren
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yunhe Ai
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Yang
- Qingdao Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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2
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Feng F, Yang Y, Liu Q, Wu S, Yun Z, Xu X, Jiang Y. Insights into the characteristics of changes in dissolved organic matter fluorescence components on the natural attenuation process of toluene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134952. [PMID: 38944985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural attenuation (NA) is of great significance for the remediation of contaminated groundwater, and how to identify NA patterns of toluene in aquifers more quickly and effectively poses an urgent challenge. In this study, the NA of toluene in two typical soils was conducted by means of soil column experiment. Based on column experiments, dissolved organic matter (DOM) was rapidly identified using fluorescence spectroscopy, and the relationship between DOM and the NA of toluene was established through structural equation modeling analysis. The adsorption rates of toluene in clay and sandy soil were 39 % and 26 %, respectively. The adsorption capacity and total NA capacity of silty clay were large. The occurrence of fluorescence peaks of protein-like components and specific products indicated the occurrence of biodegradation. Arenimonas, Acidovorax and Brevundimonas were the main degrading bacteria identified in Column A, while Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Mycobacterium were the main ones identified in Column B. The pH, ORP, and Fe(II) were the most important factors affecting the composition of microbial communities, which in turn affected the NA of toluene. These results provide a new way to quickly identify NA of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuxuan Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhichao Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yonghai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Hou J, HuibinYu, Wu F, Xi B, Li Z. Applying fluorescence spectroscopy and DNA pyrosequencing with 2D-COS and co-occurrence network to deconstruct dynamical DOM degradation of air-land-water sources in an urban river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166794. [PMID: 37673237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In an urban river, comprehending the interplay between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic sources is crucial. This encompassed investigating temporal variations in DOM and its association with the bacterioplankton community to gain profound insights into the biogeochemical dynamics and biodegradability of DOM. DOM was extracted from PM2.5, soil, sediment, bait, and terrestrial/aquatic plant residuals collected along the Wenyuhe River in Beijing, China - a region predominantly supplied with reclaimed water. Subsequently, mixed microbial communities from the river were introduced into DOM samples originating from each source and incubated for 10 days. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to reassembled excitation-emission matrix (EEM) data revealed two distinct clusters: cluster 1 comprising soil, sediment, and PM2.5 samples; and cluster 2 consisting of bait as well as terrestrial/aquatic plant residuals. According to parallel factor analysis, C1 (microbial humic-like) and C2-C3 (fulvic-like) dominated the DOM from soil, sediment, and PM2.5. These components were continuously degraded during incubation, except for PM2.5. DOM from bait and terrestrial/aquatic plants contained representative components of C6 (phenolic-like) and C7 (tryptophan-like), which underwent extensive decomposition. Interestingly, DOM in PM2.5 contained aliphatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) but exhibited weak degradation with the complete disappearance of C6 and C7. Rhodococcus was a unique species capable of degrading PAHs, which might be particularly important considering the specificity of PM2.5 pollution. Based on two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), variations in DOM components such as C6, and C7 were significantly larger compared to those of C1, C2, C3, and C5 (terrestrial humic-like) from bait samples, sediments, and residual terrestrial plants. MW-2D-COS analysis revealed that DOM from bait samples and terrestrial/aquatic plants experienced substantial degradation by the second day while DOM from soil or sediment decomposed mainly on the fourth day. Notably, the decomposition of DOM fractions in PM2.5 occurred throughout the entire four-day period. Co-occurrence network analysis classified sources of DOM into two clusters similar to PCA results: cluster 1 showed significant microbial degradation of fulvic-like compounds while cluster 2 demonstrated deep microbial decomposition of tyrosine-like and phenolic compounds. Therefore, the artificial loading of DOM into rivers not only expands the chemical diversity within DOM but also perturbs bacterioplankton diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - HuibinYu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Ahuja R, Kalia A, Sikka R, P C. Nano Modifications of Biochar to Enhance Heavy Metal Adsorption from Wastewaters: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45825-45836. [PMID: 36570198 PMCID: PMC9774412 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a carbon-rich material that can be obtained by thermal decomposition of agricultural solid waste under oxygen-limited conditions. It has received increasing attention as a cost-effective sorbent to treat metal-contaminated water due to attributes such as high porosity and the presence of various functional groups. The heavy metal (HM) sorption and removal capacity of BC can be enhanced by developing novel biochar nanohybrids (BNHs) that can be produced via surface modification of BC with nanomaterials. Loading of nanomaterials on the biochar surface can improve its physicochemical properties through alterations in the functional group profile, porosity, and availability of active sites on the BC surface which can enhance the HM adsorption ability. This manuscript provides information on preparation of nano-based biochar hybrids emanating from the type of modifying agent for the removal of different HM ions from wastewaters, and the underlying mechanisms have been discussed. Further, this compilation discusses published literature depicting the influence of different processes of preparation on the physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity of nanobiochar hybrids. The potential risks of BNHs have been reviewed to effectively avoid the possible harmful impacts on the environment, and future research directions have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Ahuja
- Department
of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron
Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Rajeev Sikka
- Electron
Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Chaitra P
- Electron
Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
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5
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Wang Y, van Zwieten L, Wang H, Wang L, Li R, Qu J, Zhang Y. Sorption of Pb(II) onto biochar is enhanced through co-sorption of dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153686. [PMID: 35131245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar plays an important role in controlling migration of pollutants in soils. However, little information is available on the interactions between soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), biochar and soluble metal species. The aim of this work was to present the adsorption process of soil DOM by biochar (corn straw biochar produced at 700 °C) and to determine whether co-sorption of DOM would change the affinity for Pb(II). The adsorption rates of biochar and biochar + DOM for Pb(II) were best fitted with a pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm data agreed well with both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption of DOM to biochar reached equilibrium after 15 h with an uptake of 52% of the supplied DOM. We used fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to demonstrate that protein-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were the primary constituents of the DOM, which were quenched over time in the presence of biochar. Synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that the protein-like structures were the predominant fluorescence substances in DOM. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) showed the binding of DOM to biochar resulted in the quenching of fluorescence in the order: protein-like substances > humic-like substances (280 > 355 nm). Data supports the notion that DOM can increase the adsorption capacity of biochar for metal-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lukas van Zwieten
- Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar 2477, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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6
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Guo H, Wang Y, Tian L, Wei W, Zhu T, Liu Y. Insight into the enhancing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste activated sludge via polyoxometalates pretreatment: Mechanisms and implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149392. [PMID: 34388643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs), a versatile and environmentally-friendly inorganic material, have been extensively studied and applied in chemical catalytic oxidation and biological nutrients removal processes. However, little is known about effects of POMs pretreatment on anaerobic sludge fermentation. This study thereby filled such knowledge gap and provided insights into the underlying mechanisms. Results demonstrated the maximal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production increased by 6.18 times with POMs rising from 0 to 0.05 g/g TSS. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the oxidation stress of POMs as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) activated by POMs were responsible for the disintegration of waste activated sludge (WAS). More importantly, POMs pretreatment improved the biodegradability of organics released, providing more biodegradable substrates for SCFAs generation. Furthermore, the inhibition of POMs to SCFAs producers was less severe than that to SCFAs consumers, leading to SCFAs accumulation. Microbial community analysis exhibited that increased the population of hydrolysis (i.e., Longilinea) and SCFAs generation microbes (i.e., Acinetobacter and Fusibacter). Further evaluation showed that the POMs-based technology is economically and environmentally attractive for the pretreatment of WAS. Finally, a "closed-loop" concept of the reutilization of renewable POMs may provide an important implication of WAS management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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7
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Guo H, Wang Y, Tian L, Wei W, Zhu T, Liu Y. Unveiling the mechanisms of a novel polyoxometalates (POMs)-based pretreatment technology for enhancing methane production from waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125934. [PMID: 34536839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel polyoxometalates (POMs)-based pretreatment technology to improve methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS) for the first time. Experimental results indicated methane production from WAS pretreated with 0.25 g POMs/g TSS increased by 43.7%. Mechanism analysis revealed POMs pretreatment promoted WAS disintegration and improved the biodegradability of the released organics. The declined oxidation-reduction potential of digestion system provided a more favorable situation for anaerobes, and hence had positive impacts on the activity of enzymes associated with hydrolysis/acidification/methanogenesis. Model-based analysis elucidated POMs pretreatment remarkably increased both biochemical methane potential and hydrolysis rate. Microbial community analysis showed microbial community was shifted toward increase hydrolytic and acidification-associated microbes and enriched the abundance of Methanosaeta sp. This work is expected to develop an innovative technology that will simultaneously enhance energy production from WAS in the sludge treatment line and improve biological nutrient removal in the wastewater treatment line of WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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8
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Yi Y, Huang Z, Lu B, Xian J, Tsang EP, Cheng W, Fang J, Fang Z. Magnetic biochar for environmental remediation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122468. [PMID: 31839494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of separating the powdered biochar from the environmental medium may lead to secondary pollution and hinder the large-scale application of biochar as an adsorbent. An effective strategy to solve this bottleneck is to introduce transition metals and their oxides into the biochar matrix, creating easily separable magnetic biochar. Magnetic biochar is also effective for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution. This review comprises a systematic analysis of 109 papers published in recent years (From 2011 to June 2019), and summarises the synthetic methods and raw materials required for magnetic biochar preparation. The basic physicochemical properties of magnetic biochar are expounded, together with findings from relevant studies, and the application of magnetic biochar as an adsorbent or catalyst in environmental remediation are summarised. Other applications of magnetic biochar are also discussed. Finally, some constructive suggestions are given for the future direction of magnetic biochar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Yi
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhexi Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baizhou Lu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyi Xian
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Eric Pokeung Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 00852, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianzhang Fang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Wu J, Zhao Y, Yu H, Wei D, Yang T, Wei Z, Lu Q, Zhang X. Effects of aeration rates on the structural changes in humic substance during co-composting of digestates and chicken manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:510-520. [PMID: 30579208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High humidity and potential threat of pathogen of anaerobic digestates are unfavorable to the environment by direct utilization. To achieve the sustainable utilization of digestates, composting might be a good choice. Meanwhile, the aeration rate of composting has been optimized. Co-composting of digestates and chicken manure was performed under different aeration conditions (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·organic matter (OM)). During composting, internal transformation of humic substance (HS) has been studied for obtaining the potential application value of the co-composting products. Results suggested that the HS concentration was increased by 21.1%, 26.4% and 22.4% with the aeration rates were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM, respectively. The aeration rate of 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM was more conducive to germination. Parallel factor analysis and dimensional correlation spectra (2DCOS) have been combined to reveal the conversion relationships of HS components for understanding the compost application pattern. Hetero-2DCOS indicated that aeration of 0.05 min-1·kg-1·OM and 0.1 L·min-1·kg-1·OM contributed to the formation of complex compounds at long wavelength, and aeration of 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM was beneficial for labile compounds formation at short wavelength. In views of the aeration of 0.1 L·min-1·kg-1·OM was more beneficial to improve HS concentration than 0.05 L·min-1·kg-1·OM, 0.1 L·min-1·kg-1·OM and 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM were consider as the most important aeration rate to conduct digestates composting. Overall, the aeration affected the HS composition which, in turn, might affect the application ways of composting products. This study could provide a reference for industrial composting production and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Huimin Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tianxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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10
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Jin X, Zhang W, Hou R, Jin P, Song J, Wang XC. Tracking the reactivity of ozonation towards effluent organic matters from WWTP using two-dimensional correlation spectra. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:289-298. [PMID: 30528020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during ozonation were investigated using excitation and emission matrix (EEM) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) at different ozone dosages. The selectivity of ozonation towards different constituents and functional groups was analysed using two-dimensional correlation spectra (2D-COS) probed by FT-IR, synchronous fluorescence spectra and HPSEC. The results indicated that ozonation can destroy aromatic structures of EfOM and change its molecular weight distribution (MWD). According to 2D-COS analysis, microbial humic-like substances were preferentially removed, and then the protein-like fractions. Terrestrial humic-like components exhibited inactivity towards ozonation compared with the above two fractions. Protein-like substances with small molecular weight were preferentially reacted during ozonation based on 2D-COS probed by HPSEC. In addition, the selectivity of ozone towards different functional groups of EfOM exhibited the following sequence: phenolic and alcoholic CO groups > aromatic structures containing CC double bonds > aliphatic CH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further elucidated the preferential reaction of aromatic structures in EfOM during ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rui Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Jina Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Dai SJ, Zhao YC, Niu DJ, Li Q, Chen Y. Preparation and reactivation of magnetic biochar by molten salt method: Relevant performance for chlorine-containing pesticides abatement. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:58-70. [PMID: 30095366 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1510441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molten salt has been regarded as a versatile and environmental-friendly method for the material preparation and waste destruction. In this work, molten FeCl3 was utilized for the generation of magnetic biochar (MBC) derived from simultaneous activation and magnetization of biomass. The sample characterization indicated that MBC had a rough surface with BET surface area of 404 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.35cm3/g. Highly dispersed Fe3O4 and nitrogen could be deposited on the surface, leading to an excellent magnetization property. The MBC exhibited a great 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2.4-DCP) and atrazine removal performance in solution with the maximum adsorption capacity achieved 298.12 mg/g and 102.17 mg/g. Kinetics results demonstrated that MBC adsorption met the Pseudo-first-order model better. Molten NaOH-Na2CO3 was provided for the re-activation of exhausted MBC. 2,4-DCP was firstly desorbed from the MBC and subsequently destructed by the active species in the melt medium. Chlorine can be captured in the molten alkaline medium from the XRD pattern of residues.The MBC could be easily recovered with a yield of 98.2% and fixed carbon content of 61.0% after the molten salt regeneration process. With no 2,4-DCP detected, 65.5% and 31.69% of initial Cl was found in washing water and residues with the molten NaOH-Na2CO3, respectively. After 4 cycles of regeneration and adsorption, 60.55%-72.22% of initial adsorption capacity can be kept. This preparation and regeneration method can be an effective way to reduce the risk of secondary pollution of chlorinated organic compounds during adsorbent regeneration.Implications: Molten salt (MS) is a salt or multiple salts with a low melting point, and has been applied in many sectors and is regarded as a crucial role in terms of energy, environmental, and resource sustainability. In our paper, magnetic biochar was prepared by one-step activation and magnetization of fir dust using molten FeCl3∙6H2O. Meanwhile, a regeneration method using molten alkaline salt was provided. Magnetic biochar generated in our study performed well in the 2,4-dichlorophenol and atrazine adsorption. After four cycles of regeneration and adsorption, 72.2% of initial 2,4-DCP adsorption capacity can be kept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai China
| | - You-Cai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai PR China
| | - Dong-Jie Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- China Everbright Greentech Limited, Shenzhen China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai China
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Ma C, Xu H, Zhang L, Pei H, Jin Y. Use of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis to monitor C- and N-DBPs formation in drinking water recovered from cyanobacteria-laden sludge dewatering. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:609-618. [PMID: 29870937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This is the first time that correlations between the spectroscopic properties of algal organic matter (AOM) and cyanobacteria-related C- and N-disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation have been presented. Three types of coagulants, aluminium chloride (AC), chitosan (CTS) and a composite chitosan-aluminium chloride (CTSAC), were selected to assess and compare the performance of coagulation to control DBPs formation in dewatering water (DW). Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) indicated that four components dominated the EEM of the DW samples. Examination of C-, N-DPBs formation and attendant changes in the AOM parameters allows the establishment of strong linear relationships between yields of the trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles and trichloronitromethane and the relative changes in the fluorescence compounds. Stronger linear correlations were found between trihalomethanes and tryptophan-like substance C1 (r = 0.918), between haloacetonitriles and C1 (r = 0.934), and between trichloronitromethane and amino acid-like substance C2 (r = 0.915) than other AOM parameters, suggesting that tryptophan-like substance and amino acid-like substance in AOM play major roles in generating cyanobacteria-related DBPs upon chlorination. Furthermore, because the CTSAC composite was effective in removing fluorophores and caused little cell lysis during the first 4 days of sludge storage, the production of C-, N-DBPs in the DW was lower than those in the AC or CTS systems for the same storage period. This indicates the feasibility of surrogate monitoring of the production of cyanobacteria-related C-, N-DBPs via online measurements of water EEM fluorescence. CTSAC composite coagulant is thus recommended, and the sludge should be disposed of within 4 days to obtain DW with lower DBPs formation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213031, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Dong D, Li L, Zhang L, Hua X, Guo Z. Effects of lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic on the sorption of lindane and norfloxacin by river biofilms, particles, and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4632-4642. [PMID: 29192404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of both classic and emerging organic contaminants onto aquatic solids is a critical process that controls their fate in natural waters. Sorption is affected by numerous factors, including coexisting heavy metals. The mechanisms of the influence of heavy metals, especially those occurring in acid radical anions, are still unclear. Here, the effects of Pb, Cd, Cr, and As on the sorption of lindane and norfloxacin (NOR) onto natural biofilms, suspended particles, and sediments from one river were investigated following batch equilibration methods. In addition, changes in representative components that have important roles in sorption from these solids in the presence and absence of metals were characterized by spectrum analyses. The results indicated that sorption of lindane and NOR on the three solids in the absence of heavy metals was highly linear and nonlinear, respectively. Pb and Cd promoted and Cr and As suppressed hydrophobic lindane sorption on the three solids. This was because Pb and Cd enhanced but Cr and As weakened the hydrophobicity of these solids. Pb, Cd, Cr, and As decreased NOR sorption on sediments and suspended particles at pH 5.7~6.3. This was due to electrostatic competition between cationic Pb/Cd and NORH2+, and the combination of Cr/As acid radicals with NORH2+, which suppressed its ion-exchange adsorption. Pb, Cd, Cr, and As generally increased the sorption of NOR onto the biofilms at pH 5.7~6.3. Pb and Cd strengthened the flocculation of dissolved organic matter combined with NORH2+ onto the biofilms. Cr and As enhanced the hydrophilicity of biofilms, and then increased their sorption of NOR with active hydrophilic groups. The mechanisms of how different heavy metals affect NOR sorption by biofilms were more complicated than the mechanisms affecting lindane sorption, as well as by sediments and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lufeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin Province Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Wei D, Ngo HH, Guo W, Xu W, Du B, Khan MS, Wei Q. Biosorption performance evaluation of heavy metal onto aerobic granular sludge-derived biochar in the presence of effluent organic matter via batch and fluorescence approaches. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:410-416. [PMID: 29059624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In present study, the biosorption process of Cu(II) onto aerobic granular sludge-derived biochar was evaluated in the absence and presence of effluent organic matter (EfOM) by using batch and fluorescence approaches. It was found that EfOM gave rise to enhancement of Cu(II) removal efficiency onto biochar, and the sorption data were better fitted with pseudo-second order model and Freundlich equation, in despite of the absence and presence of EfOM. According to excitation-emission matrix (EEM), EfOM was mainly comprised by humic-like substances and fulvic-like substances and their intensities were reduced in the addition of biochar and Cu(II) from batch biosorption process. Synchronous fluorescence spectra coupled to two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) further implied that a successive fluorescence quenching was observed in various EfOM fractions with the increasing Cu(II) concentration. Moreover, fulvic-like fraction was more susceptibility than other fractions for fluorescence quenching of EfOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Malik Saddam Khan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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Chen W, Ouyang ZY, Qian C, Yu HQ. Induced structural changes of humic acid by exposure of polystyrene microplastics: A spectroscopic insight. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:1-7. [PMID: 29049941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) as emerging contaminants in the environment may cause changes in water or sediment characteristics, and further affect their biogeochemical cycles. Thus, insights into the interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and MPs are essential for the assessment of environmental impacts of MPs in ecosystems. Integrating spectroscopic methods with chemometric analyses, this work explored the chemical and microstructural changes of DOM-MP complex to reveal the mechanism of DOM-MP interaction at a molecular level. MPs were found to interact with the aromatic structure of DOM via π-π conjugation, then be entrapped in the DOM polymers by the carboxyl groups and C=O bonds, constituting a highly conjugated co-polymer with increased electron density. This induced the fluorescence intensity increase in DOM. The interaction affinity of DOM-MP was highly dependent on the MP size and solution pH. This work offers a new insight into the impact of MP discharge on environment and may provide an analytical framework for evaluating MP hetero-aggregation and the roles of MPs in the transportation of other contaminants. Furthermore, the integrated methods used in this work exhibit potential applications in exploring the fragmentation processes of MPs and formation of secondary MPs under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Li H, Mahyoub SAA, Liao W, Xia S, Zhao H, Guo M, Ma P. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and aromatic contaminants adsorption behavior of magnetic biochar derived from pyrolysis oil distillation residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:20-26. [PMID: 27771526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic biochars were easily fabricated by thermal pyrolysis of Fe(NO3)3 and distillation residue derived from rice straw pyrolysis oil at 400, 600 and 800°C. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics of magnetic biochars as well as adsorption capacity for aromatic contaminants (i.e., anisole, phenol and guaiacol) were investigated carefully. The degree of carbonization of magnetic biochars become higher as pyrolysis temperature increasing. The magnetic biochar reached the largest surface area and pore volume at the pyrolysis temperature of 600°C due to pores blocking in biochar during pyrolysis at 800°C. Based on batch adsorption experiments, the used adsorbent could be magnetically separated and the adsorption capacity of anisole on magnetic biochars was stronger than that of phenol and guaiacol. The properties of magnetic biochar, including surface area, pore volume, aromaticity, grapheme-like-structure and iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) particles, showed pronounced effects on the adsorption performance of aromatic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Samah Awadh Ali Mahyoub
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Xia
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hechuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Peisheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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