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Zhou M, Han Y, Zhuo Y, Yu F, Hu G, Peng D. Effect of initial ammonium concentration on a one-stage partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system: Nitrogen removal performance and the microbial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 143:176-188. [PMID: 38644015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
One-stage partial nitrification coupled with anammox (PN/A) technology effectively reduces the energy consumption of a biological nitrogen removal system. Inhibiting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is essential for this technology to maintain efficient nitrogen removal performance. Initial ammonium concentration (IAC) affects the degree of inhibited NOB. In this study, the effect of the IAC on a PN/A biofilm was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor. The results showed that nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 82.49% ± 1.90% to 64.57% ± 3.96% after the IAC was reduced from 60 to 20 mg N/L, while the nitrate production ratio increased from 13.87% ± 0.90% to 26.50% ± 3.76%. NOB activity increased to 1,133.86 mg N/m2/day after the IAC decreased, approximately 4-fold, indicating that the IAC plays an important inhibitory role in NOB. The rate-limiting step in the mature biofilm of the PN/A system is the nitritation process and is not shifted by the IAC. The analysis of the microbial community structure in the biofilm indicates that the IAC was the dominant factor in changes in community structure. Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were the main anammox bacteria, and Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the main AOB and NOB, respectively. IAC did not affect the difference in growth between Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia. Thus, modulating the IAC promoted the PN/A process with efficient nitrogen removal performance at medium to low ammonium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhou
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yun Han
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yang Zhuo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fen Yu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Gaoyuan Hu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dangcong Peng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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2
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Wu L, Yin J, Zhang Y, Luo A, Tian Y, Liu Y, Peng Y. Nitrogen removal and carbon reduction of mature landfill leachate under extremely low dissolved oxygen conditions by simultaneous partial nitrification anammox and denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130704. [PMID: 38636879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a SNAD-SBBR process was implemented to achieve ammonia removal and carbon reduction of mature landfill leachate under extremely low dissolved oxygen conditions (0.051 mg/L) for a continuous operation of 266 days. The process demonstrated excellent removal performance, with ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency reaching 100 %, total nitrogen removal efficiency reaching 87.56 %, and an average removal rate of 0.180 kg/(m3·d). The recalcitrant organic compound removal efficiency reached 34.96 %. Nitrogen mass balance analysis revealed that the Anammox process contributed to approximately 98.1 % of the nitrogen removal. Candidatus Kuenenia achieved a relative abundance of 1.49 % in the inner layer of the carrier. In the SNAD-SBBR system, the extremely low DO environment created by the highly efficient partial nitrification stage enabled the coexistence of AnAOB, denitrifying bacteria, and Nitrosomonas, synergistically achieving ammonia removal and carbon reduction. Overall, the SNAD-SBBR process exhibits low-cost and high-efficiency characteristics, holding tremendous potential for landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Jian Yin
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Anteng Luo
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Yinghao Tian
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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3
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Wei Y, Ye M, Chen Y, Li YY. Competitive bio-augmentation overcoming unusual direct inhibitor inefficacy in mainstream nitrite-oxidizing bacteria suppression: Unveiling the underpinnings in microbial and nitrogen metabolism aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171900. [PMID: 38527552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The long-stabilized mainstream partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) process continues to encounter significant challenges from nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Therefore, this study aimed to determine an efficient, rapid, and easily implementable strategy for inhibiting NOB. A laboratory-scale reactor was operated continuously for 325 days, experiencing NOB outbreak in mainstream and recovery with simulated sidestream support. The results show that direct inhibitory strategies including intermittent aeration and approximately 35 mg/L free ammonia had unusual weak inhibitory effects on NOB activity. Subsequently, the exogenous Anammox from sidestream employed as a competitive bio-augmentation approach rapidly inhibited NOB dynamics. Evidence suggests that the damaged hydroxyapatite granules under low pH conditions might have contributed to NOB dominance by diminishing Anammox bacteria activity, thereby creating a substrate-rich environment favoring NOB survival. In contrast, the introduction of exogenous Candidatus Kuenenia facilitated the nitrogen removal efficiency from 32.5 % to over 80 %. This coincided with a decrease in the relative abundance of Nitrospira from 16.5 % to 2.7 % and NOB activity from 0.34 to 0.07 g N/(g mixed liquor volatile suspended solid)/d. Metagenomic analysis reveals a decrease in the functional potential of most nitrite transport proteins, coupled with a significant increase in eukaryotic-like serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cellular regulation, during the Anammox activity recovery. This study's findings reveal the feasibility of the bio-augmentation based on substrate competition, wherein sidestream processes support the mainstream PN/A integration, offering significant potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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4
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Gutiérrez MC, Cáceres A, Herruzo-Ruiz AM, Siles JA, Vázquez F, Alhama J, Michán C, Martín MA. Assessment of nitrification process in a sequencing batch reactor: Modelling and genomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118035. [PMID: 38199477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrification of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+) to nitrate (N-NO3-) was investigated in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to evaluate its efficiency. During the nitrification process the removal of N-NH4+ reached 96%, resulting in 73% formation of N-NO3-. A lineal correlation (r2 = 0.9978) was obtained between the concentration of volatile suspended solids (VSS) and the maximal N-NO3- concentration at the end of each batch cycle under stationary state. The bacterial taxons in the initial inoculum were identified, revealing a complex diverse community mainly in the two major bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The FAPROTAX algorithm predicted the presence in the inoculum of taxa involved in relevant processes of the nitrogen metabolism, highlighting the bacterial genera Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas that are both involved in the nitrification process. A kinetic model was formulated for predicting and validating the transformation of N-NH4+, N-NO2- and N-NO3- and the removal of organic and inorganic carbon (TOC and IC, respectively). The results showed how the increase in biomass concentration slowed down the transformation to oxidised forms of nitrogen and increased denitrification in the settling and filling stages under free aeration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Cáceres
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A M Herruzo-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Vázquez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - J Alhama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Michán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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5
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Chi Y, Ren W, Jin P, Ren J, Ren B, Chen Z. Insight into microbial adaptability in continuous flow anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for low-strength sewage treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130431. [PMID: 38342279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Organic matter concentration is a critical factor influencing the adaptability of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria to low-strength sewage treatment. To address this challenge and achieve stable anammox activity, a micro-aeration partial nitrification-anammox process was developed for continuous-flow municipal sewage treatment. Under limited ammonium conditions, the effective utilization of organics in denitrification promoted the stable accumulation of nitrite and enhanced anammox activity. This, in turn, led to enhanced nitrogen removal efficiency, reaching approximately 87.7%. During the start-up phase, the protein content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased. This enhanced EPS intensified the inhibitory effect of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria through competition for nitrite, thereby facilitating the proliferation of anammox bacteria (AnAOB). Additionally, several types of DNB capable of utilizing slowly biodegradable organics contributed to the adaptability of AnAOB. These findings provide valuable insights for ensuring efficient anammox performance and robust nitrogen removal in the treatment of low-strength sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chi
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Wuang Ren
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province 710049, China.
| | - Jianxi Ren
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Architectural Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province 318000, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Zhiting Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
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6
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Ma Y, Wang B, Li X, Wang S, Wang W, Peng Y. Enrichment of anammox biomass during mainstream wastewater treatment driven by achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:181-194. [PMID: 37980007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Anammox is widely considered as the most cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal. However, how to achieve the enrichment of anammox biomass remains a challenge for its large-scale application, especially in mainstream wastewater treatment. In this study, the feasibility of enrichment of anammox biomass was explored through the realization of partial denitrification and the addition of bio-carriers. By using ordinary activated sludge, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) followed by an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) was operated at 25 ± 2°C for 214 days. The long-term operation was divided into five phases, in which SBR and UASB were started-up in Phases I and II, respectively. By eliminating oxygen and adjusting the inflow ratios in Phases III-V, advanced nitrogen removal was achieved with the effluent total nitrogen being 4.7 mg/L and the nitrogen removal efficiency being 90.5% in Phase V. Both in-situ and ex-situ activity tests demonstrated the occurrence of partial denitrification and anammox. Moreover, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Candidatus Brocadia was enriched from below the detection limit to in biofilms (0.4% in SBR, 2.2% in UASB) and the floc sludge (0.2% in SBR, 1.3% in UASB), while Thauera was mainly detected in the floc sludge (8.1% in SBR, 8.8% in UASB), which might play a key role in partial denitrification. Overall, this study provides a novel strategy to enrich anammox biomass driven by rapid achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers, which will improve large-scale application of anammox processes in mainstream wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaodi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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7
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Yu D, Zhu Z, Miao Y. Increasing carbon to nitrogen ratio promoted anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacterial enrichment and advanced nitrogen removal in mainstream anammox system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130169. [PMID: 38072077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The effects of fluctuating organic carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on mainstream simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process were studied over 376-day period. The nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 85.0 ± 6.6 % to 75.8 ± 2.8 % as C/N ratio decreased (3.4 → 1.7), but increased to 82.0 ± 1.9 % when C/N ratio raised to 2.9 and to 78.4 ± 3.0 % when C/N ratio decreased again (2.9 → 2.1), indicating that high C/N ratios promoted nitrogen removal. As C/N ratio raised (1.7 → 2.9), anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) abundance increased from 1.3 × 109 to 2.0 × 109 copies/L, which explained the improved nitrogen removal. With an elevated C/N ratio, partial nitrification and endogenous partial denitrification reactions were enhanced, providing more nitrite for AnAOB. Additionally, the aerobic_chemoheterotrophy function and particle sizes increased, forming more stable anoxic microenvironment for AnAOB. Overall, increasing C/N ratio promoted the stability of mainstream SNAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Deshuang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ze Zhu
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yu D, Li J, Zhao X, Ma G, Zhi J, Dong G, Miao Y. Migration of microorganisms between nitrification-denitrification flocs, anammox biofilms and blank carriers during mainstream anammox start-up. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130129. [PMID: 38040314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
To solve the shortage of inoculum, the feasibility of establishing simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) reactor through inoculating nitrification-denitrification sludge, anammox biofilm and blank carriers was investigated. Advanced nitrogen removal efficiency of 91.2 ± 3.6 % was achieved. Bacteria related to nitrogen removal and fermentation were enriched in anammox biofilm, blank carriers and flocs, and the abundance of dominant anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), Candidatus Brocadia, reached 3.4 %, 0.5 % and 0.3 %, respectively. Candidatus Competibacter and Calorithrix became the dominant denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and fermentative bacteria (FB), respectively. The SNAD system was successfully established, and new mature biofilms formed in blank carriers, which could provide inoculum for other anammox processes. Partial nitrification, partial denitrification and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy were existed and facilitated AnAOB enrichment. Microbial correlation networks revealed the cooperation between DNB, FB and AnAOB that promoted nitrogen removal. Overall, the SNAD process was started up through inoculating more accessible inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, PR China
| | - Deshuang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jiawen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xinchao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Guocheng Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jiaru Zhi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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9
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Gonçalves Piteira Carvalho B, Abreu Henriques D, Fernandes LA, Leal CD, Calábria de Araújo J. Partial nitritation/anammox applied to real anaerobically pretreated domestic sewage under subtropical climate: aeration strategies and nitrogen cycle bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38286140 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2298666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The combination of sewage anaerobic treatment and partial nitritation/anammox process (PN/A) can make wastewater treatment plants energetically self-sufficient. However, PN/A application has been a challenge in low-nitrogen wastewaters and it is little explored in anaerobically pretreated domestic sewage, as well as aeration strategies and the PN/A feasibility at ambient temperature. This study investigated PN/A in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) treating real anaerobically pretreated domestic sewage. After the startup, SBR was fed with real wastewater and operated at 35°C and at ambient temperature (20-31°C) without total nitrogen (TN) removal decrease (71 ± 8 and 75 ± 6%, respectively). The median ammonium and TN removals were 68 ± 21 and 59 ± 9%, respectively with 7 min on/14 min off strategy, which represents 12.3 ± 4.2 mg L-1 N-NH4+ effluent, which is lower than Brazilian discharge limits. The qPCR results showed anammox abundance in the range of 108-109 n° copies gVSS-1. Thus, results were very promising and showed the feasibility of the PN/A process for treating real anaerobically pretreated domestic sewage at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Abreu Henriques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luyara Almeida Fernandes
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cintia Dutra Leal
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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10
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Wang H, Gong H, Dai X, Yang M. Metagenomics reveals the microbial community and functional metabolism variation in the partial nitritation-anammox process: From collapse to recovery. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:210-221. [PMID: 37778796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application. Thus, it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance recovery, understand the intrinsic mechanism and then propose operational strategy. In this study, we combined long-term reactor operation, batch tests, and metagenomics to reveal the succession of microbial community and functional metabolism variation from system collapse to recovery. Proper aeration control (0.10-0.25 mg O2/L) was critical for performance recovery. It was also found that Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant flora and its abundance increased from 3.5% to 11.0%. Significant enhancements in carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis were observed during system recovery, and the genes abundance related to signal transduction was dramatically increased. The up-regulation of sdh and suc genes showed the processes of succinate dehydrogenation and succinyl-CoA synthesis might stimulate the production of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins, thereby possibly improving the activity and abundance of AnAOB, which was conducive to the performance recovery. Moreover, the increase in abundance of hzs and hdh genes suggested the enhancement of the anammox process. Changes in the abundance of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism indicated that nitrogen removal pathway was more diverse after system recovery. The achievement of performance recovery was driven by anammox, nitrification and denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. These results provide deeper insights into the recovery mechanism of PNA system and also provide a potential regulation strategy for the stable operation of the mainstream PNA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Min Yang
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Zhang X, Li X, Zhang L, Peng Y. Enhancing nitrogen removal performance through intermittent aeration in continuous plug-flow anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic process treating low-strength municipal sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129979. [PMID: 37926355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nitrogen removal cannot be achieved through the conventional biological nitrogen removal process, which requires higher carbon sources and aeration energy. The proposal of intermittent aeration in the aerobic chambers offered an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) municipal sewage, using a plug-flow reactor with anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) process. Due to the effective utilization of internal carbon sources through the intermittent aeration, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) increased to 77.9 ± 3.2 % with the mean aerobic hydraulic retention time of only 3.2 h and a low C/N of 3.3 during the operation of 210 days. Polyhydroxyalkanoates dominated the nitrogen removal in this AOA system, accounting for 48.0 %, primarily occurring in the alternant aerobic/anoxic chambers. Moreover, the microbial community structure remained unchanged while the NRE increased to 77.9 %. This study provided an efficient and economic strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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12
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen J, Wu P, Yang Z, Zhou L, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Zhang K, Wang Y, Ruth G. A critical review of improving mainstream anammox systems: Based on macroscopic process regulation and microscopic enhancement mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116770. [PMID: 37516268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Full-scale anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) engineering applications are vastly limited by the sensitivity of anammox bacteria to the complex mainstream ambience factors. Therefore, it is of great necessity to comprehensively summarize and overcome performance-related challenges in mainstream anammox process at the macro/micro level, including the macroscopic process variable regulation and microscopic biological metabolic enhancement. This article systematically reviewed the recent important advances in the enrichment and retention of anammox bacteria and main factors affecting metabolic regulation under mainstream conditions, and proposed key strategies for the related performance optimization. The characteristics and behavior mechanism of anammox consortia in response to mainstream environment were then discussed in details, and we revealed that the synergistic nitrogen metabolism of multi-functional bacterial genera based on anammox microbiome was conducive to mainstream anammox nitrogen removal processes. Finally, the critical outcomes of anammox extracellular electron transfer (EET) at the micro level were well presented, carbon-based conductive materials or exogenous electron shuttles can stimulate and mediate anammox EET in mainstream environments to optimize system performance from a micro perspective. Overall, this review advances the extensive implementation of mainstream anammox practice in future as well as shedding new light on the related EET and microbial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Junjiang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Kangyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Guerra Ruth
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
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13
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Bai M. Nitrogen removal enhancement reinforced by nitritation/anammox in an anaerobic/oxic/anoxic system with integrated fixed biofilm activated sludge. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02885-2. [PMID: 37217630 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of nitrogen removal was reinforced by nitritation/anammox in an anaerobic/oxic/anoxic (AOA) system of integrated fixed biofilm activated sludge. Nitritation was first attained by the method of free nitrous acid (FNA) inhibition with ammonia residues, and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) were then added into the system, which enabled the occurrence of nitritation coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). The results indicated that nitrogen removal was enhanced by the nitritation/anammox pathway with an efficiency of 88.9%. A microbial analysis showed that the ammonia oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosomonas was enriched on the biofilm (5.98%) and in the activated sludge (2.40%), and the AnAOB Candidatus Brocadia was detected on the biofilm with a proportion of 0.27%. Nitritation/anammox was attained and maintained due to the accumulation of functional bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266525, People's Republic of China.
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266525, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266525, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yang Y, Jiang Y, Long Y, Xu J, Liu C, Zhang L, Peng Y. Insights into the mechanism of the deterioration of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox under low residual ammonium. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:29-39. [PMID: 36503757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Residual ammonium is a critical parameter affecting the stability of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, mainstream PN/A was established and operated with progressively decreasing residual ammonium. PN/A deteriorated as the residual ammonium decreased to below 5 mg/L, and this was paralleled by a significant loss in anammox activity in situ and an increasing nitrite oxidation rate. Further analysis revealed that the low-ammonium condition directly decreased anammox activity in situ via two distinct mechanisms. First, anammox bacteria were located in the inner layer of the granular sludge, and thus were disadvantageous when competing for ammonium with ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the outer layer. Second, the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) was enriched at low residual ammonium concentrations because of its high ammonium affinity. Both AOB and comammox presented kinetic advantages over anammox bacteria. At high residual ammonium concentrations, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were effectively suppressed, even when their maximum activity was high due to competition for nitrite with anammox bacteria. At low residual ammonium concentrations, the decrease in anammox activity in situ led to an increase in nitrite availability for nitrite oxidation, facilitating the activation of NOB despite the dissolved oxygen limitation (0.15-0.35 mg/L) for NOB persisting throughout the operation. Therefore, the deterioration of mainstream PN/A at low residual ammonium was primarily triggered by a decline in anammox activity in situ. This study provides novel insights into the optimized design of mainstream PN/As in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yanan Long
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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15
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Zhao W, Bi X, Bai M, Wang Y. Research advances of ammonia oxidation microorganisms in wastewater: metabolic characteristics, microbial community, influencing factors and process applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:621-633. [PMID: 36988685 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidation carried out by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) is a central step in the global nitrogen cycle. Aerobic AOMs comprise conventional ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), novel ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which could exist in complex and extreme conditions, and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), which directly oxidize ammonia to nitrate within a single cell. Anaerobic AOMs mainly comprise anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), which can transform NH4+-N and NO2--N into N2 under anaerobic conditions. In this review, the unique metabolic characteristics, microbial community of AOMs and the influencing factors are discussed. Process applications of nitrification/denitrification, nitritation/denitrification, nitritation/anammox and partial denitrification/anammox in wastewater treatment systems are emphasized. The future development of nitrogen removal processes using AOMs is expected, enrichment of comammox facilitates the complete nitrification performance, inhibiting the activity of comammox and NOB could achieve stable nitritation, and additionally, AnAOB conducting the anammox process in municipal wastewater is a promising development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China.
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao University of Technology, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266525, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Bai
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recycling, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lim SJ, Son M, Ki SJ, Suh SI, Chung J. Opportunities and challenges of machine learning in bioprocesses: Categorization from different perspectives and future direction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128518. [PMID: 36565818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have revolutionized an extensive range of research and industry fields by successfully addressing intricate problems that cannot be resolved with conventional approaches. However, low interpretability and incompatibility make it challenging to apply ML to complicated bioprocesses, which rely on the delicate metabolic interplay among living cells. This overview attempts to delineate ML applications to bioprocess from different perspectives, and their inherent limitations (i.e., uncertainties in prediction) were then discussed with unique attempts to supplement the ML models. A clear classification can be made depending on the purpose of the ML (supervised vs unsupervised) per application, as well as on their system boundaries (engineered vs natural). Although a limited number of hybrid approaches with meaningful outcomes (e.g., improved accuracy) are available, there is still a need to further enhance the interpretability, compatibility, and user-friendliness of ML models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ji Lim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Son
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environmental Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Jin Ki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Suh
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeshik Chung
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environmental Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Zhang L, Jiang L, Zhang J, Li J, Peng Y. Enhancing nitrogen removal through directly integrating anammox into mainstream wastewater treatment: Advantageous, issues and future study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127827. [PMID: 36029988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has great potential to be applied to the process of nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater. However, directly applying complete anammox to the mainstream is typically hindered by low temperatures, a low ammonia concentration, and high organic matter concentrations. Directly integrating anammox into mainstream treatment by enhancing the in-situ enrichment of anammox bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could effectively improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and reduce the treatment cost. A certain anammox bacteria abundance in full-scale WWTPs provides the feasibility of directly integrating anammox into mainstream treatment and realizing partial mainstream anammox. The technical development status of partial anammox and the mechanisms of achieving partial mainstream anammox by aeration and organic control are summarized. This review provides an enhanced understanding of this novel technical route of partial mainstream anammox treatment for improving the quality, performance, and prospects for this technology to be used in upgrading WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jialin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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18
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Vishnyakova A, Popova N, Artemiev G, Botchkova E, Litti Y, Safonov A. Effect of Mineral Carriers on Biofilm Formation and Nitrogen Removal Activity by an Indigenous Anammox Community from Cold Groundwater Ecosystem Alone and Bioaugmented with Biomass from a “Warm” Anammox Reactor. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101421. [PMID: 36290325 PMCID: PMC9598201 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary During more than 50 years of exploitation of the sludge repositories near Chepetsky Mechanical Plant (Glazov, Udmurtia, Russia) containing solid wastes of uranium and processed polymetallic concentrate, the soluble compounds entered the upper aquifer due to infiltration. Nowadays, this has resulted in a high level of pollution of the groundwater with reduced and oxidized nitrogen compounds. In this work, quartz, kaolin, and bentonite clays from various deposits were shown to induce biofilm formation and enhance nitrogen removal by an indigenous microbial community capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite (anammox) at low temperatures. The addition of a “warm” anammox community was also effective in further improving nitrogen removal and expanding the list of mineral carriers most suitable for creating a permeable reactive barrier. It has been suggested that the anammox activity is determined by the presence of essential trace elements in the carrier, the morphology of its surface, and most importantly, competition from rapidly growing microbial groups. Future work was discussed to adapt the “warm” anammox community to cold and provide the anammox community with nitrite through a partial denitrification route within the scope of sustainable anammox-based bioremediation of a nitrogen-polluted cold aquifer. In this unique habitat, novel species of anammox bacteria that are adapted to cold and heavy nitrogen pollution can be discovered. Abstract The complex pollution of aquifers by reduced and oxidized nitrogen compounds is currently considered one of the urgent environmental problems that require non-standard solutions. This work was a laboratory-scale trial to show the feasibility of using various mineral carriers to create a permeable in situ barrier in cold (10 °C) aquifers with extremely high nitrogen pollution and inhabited by the Candidatus Scalindua-dominated indigenous anammox community. It has been established that for the removal of ammonium and nitrite in situ due to the predominant contribution of the anammox process, quartz, kaolin clays of the Kantatsky and Kamalinsky deposits, bentonite clay of the Berezovsky deposit, and zeolite of the Kholinsky deposit can be used as components of the permeable barrier. Biofouling of natural loams from a contaminated aquifer can also occur under favorable conditions. It has been suggested that the anammox activity is determined by a number of factors, including the presence of the essential trace elements in the carrier and the surface morphology. However, one of the most important factors is competition with other microbial groups that can develop on the surface of the carrier at a faster rate. For this reason, carriers with a high specific surface area and containing the necessary microelements were overgrown with the most rapidly growing microorganisms. Bioaugmentation with a “warm” anammox community from a laboratory reactor dominated by Ca. Kuenenia improved nitrogen removal rates and biofilm formation on most of the mineral carriers, including bentonite clay of the Dinozavrovoye deposit, as well as loamy rock and zeolite-containing tripoli, in addition to carriers that perform best with the indigenous anammox community. The feasibility of coupled partial denitrification–anammox and the adaptation of a “warm” anammox community to low temperatures and hazardous components contained in polluted groundwater prior to bioaugmentation should be the scope of future research to enhance the anammox process in cold, nitrate-rich aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vishnyakova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Popova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy Artemiev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Botchkova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Litti
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(926)-369-92-43
| | - Alexey Safonov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Xiang T, Liang H, Gao D. Effect of exogenous hydrazine on metabolic process of anammox bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115398. [PMID: 35751243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of N2H4 (hydrazine) on AnAOB (anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria) metabolic pattern is unknown. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper was to explore the effects of exogenous N2H4 on the SAA (specific anammox activity), characteristics and metabolic pathway of AnAOB. The results showed that low N2H4 concentration (1-5 mg/L) continuous dosing can promote SAA. The promoting effect was found to be more obvious within the dosage of 3-5 mg/L N2H4. It was also indicated that high N2H4 concentration dosing (5-10 mg/L) can trigger the self-protection mechanism of AnAOB granular sludge by secreting a large amount of B-PN (binding polymeric protein). Intermittent addition of N2H4 at low concentration is conducive to the long-term stable operation of anammox process. Exogenous N2H4 can be directly oxidized by AnAOB to promote the consumption of NO2--N and NH4+-N. In addition, excess electrons can also drive the process of NO3--N reduction and NO2--N disproportionation. Theoretically, these reaction processes need two and ten extra electrons respectively, which is not easy to occur compared with the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
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20
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Elsayed A, Yu J, Lee T, Kim Y. Model study on real-time aeration based on nitrite for effective operation of single-stage anammox. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113554. [PMID: 35644493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) is an innovative technology for cost-efficient nitrogen removal without intensive aeration. However, effective control of the competition between nitrite oxidizing bacteria (XNOB) and Anammox bacteria (XANA) for nitrite is a key challenge for broad applications of single-stage Anammox processes in real wastewater treatment. Therefore, a real-time aeration scheme was proposed to determine dissolved oxygen (DO) based on nitrite concentration for effective control of XNOB growth while maintaining the XANA activity in a single-stage Anammox process. In this study, a non-steady state mathematical model was developed and calibrated using previously reported lab-scale Anammox results to investigate the efficiency of the proposed real-time aeration scheme in enhancing the Anammox process. Based on the calibrated model simulation results, DO of about 0.10 mg-O2/L was found to be ideal for maintaining effective nitrite creation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (XAOB) while slowing down the growth of XNOB. If DO is too low (e.g., 0.01 mg-O2/L or lower), the overall rate of the ammonia removal is limited due to slow growth of XAOB. On the other hand, high DO (e.g., 1.0 mg-O2/L or higher) inhibits the growth of XANA, resulting in dominancy of XAOB and XNOB. According to the simulation results, nitrite concentration was found to be a rate-limiting parameter on effective nitrogen removal in single-stage Anammox processes. We also found that nitrite concentration can be used as a real-time switch for aeration in a single-stage Anammox process. A schematic aeration method based on real-time nitrite concentration was proposed and examined to control the competition between XANA and XNOB. In the model simulation, the XANA activity was successfully maintained because the schematic aeration prevented an outgrowth of XNOB, allowing energy-efficient nitrogen removal using single-stage Anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggy Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Gonçalves Piteira Carvalho B, Cristófaro Warrener FA, Campos Castro HM, Pereira AD, Leal CD, Araújo JCD. Aeration strategies and temperature effects on the partial nitritation/anammox process for nitrogen removal: performance and bacterial community assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3473-3485. [PMID: 33944693 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1923817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The partial nitritation/anammox process (PN/A) could be a promising alternative for nitrogen removal from high-strength wastewater. There is, however, a lack of information about suitable aeration and temperature for PN/A in single-stage reactors for high-strength wastewater, such as food waste (FW) digestate treatment. To this end, a laboratory-scale (10 L) partial nitritation/anammox sequencing batch reactor was operated for more than 230 days under four different intermittent aeration strategies and temperature variations (35°C and ambient temperature - 26-29°C) to investigate the feasibility of nitrogen removal from real FW digestate. High ammonium (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal median efficiencies of 81 and 63%, respectively (corresponding to median NH4+-N and TN loads removed of 76 and 67 g.m-3.d-1), were achieved when the aeration strategy comprised by 7 min/14 min off and an airflow rate of 0.050 L.min-1.Lreactor-1 was applied. Nitrogen removal efficiencies were not affected by temperature variations in southeastern Brazil. COD, chloride and organic nitrogen (520, 239 and 102.8 mg.L-1, respectively) did not prevent PN/A. Changes of the bacterial community in response to aeration strategies were observed. Candidatus Brocadia dominated most of the time being more resistant to aeration and temperature changes than Candidatus Jettenia. This study demonstrated that optimizations of anoxic periods and airflow rate support PN/A with high nitrogen removal from FW digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena Maria Campos Castro
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alyne Duarte Pereira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Dutra Leal
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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22
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Pimenov NV, Nikolaev YA, Dorofeev AG, Grachev VA, Kallistova AY, Kanapatskii TA, Litti YV, Gruzdev EV, Begmatov SA, Ravin NV, Mardanov AV. Introduction of Exogenous Activated Sludge as a Way to Enhance the Efficiency of Nitrogen Removal in the Anammox Process. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Yang X, Peng Z, Jin B, Niu J, Qin J, Ji J. Rapid and stable achievement of mainstream nitritation at low temperature using the competitive inhibition caused by the organics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127060. [PMID: 35351561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unstability of mainstream nitritation at low temperature has always been a limiting factor for the nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater by anammox. In this study, the competitive inhibition caused by the organics has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to rapidly and stably achieve mainstream nitritation. This strategy was based on our novel discovery that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was more susceptible to the organics inhibition than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Batch tests showed while NOB activity gradually decreased by 66.5%, AOB activity only decreased by 31.6% with the initial C/N ratio raising from 0.0 to 3.0. Furthermore, treating the actual domestic wastewater at 14-18 °C, mainstream nitritation was rapidly established within 12 days and then the nitrite accumulation ratio was stable at ∼92.1% during a long-term operation. This strategy could be easily and effectively applied in urban WWTPs through modifying the operation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoxu Peng
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baodan Jin
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jintao Niu
- Henan Heng'an Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Qin
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiantao Ji
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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24
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Pimenov NV, Nikolaev YA, Dorofeev AG, Grachev VA, Kallistova AY, Mironov VV, Vanteeva AV, Grigor’eva NV, Berestovskaya YY, Gruzdev EV, Begmatov SA, Ravin NV, Mardanov AV. Bioaugmentation of Anammox Activated Sludge with a Nitrifying Bacterial Community as a Way to Increase the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract—
Bioaugmentation, i.e., increasing the abundance of certain microorganisms in the community by adding appropriate cells or establishing the conditions promoting their growth, is widely used in environmental technologies. Its application for launching of the anammox reactors is usually limited to introduction of anammox bacteria. We expected addition of nitrifiers during anammox bioreactor launching to stimulate the anammox process due to rapid production of nitrite, which anammox bacteria use for ammonium oxidation. The present work investigated the effect of introduction of a nitrifying community on the composition and activity of the microbial community in an anammox reactor. At the time of inoculation of a laboratory SBR reactor, an active nitrifying community (5 days old) (ASB) (bioaugmenting activated sludge, ASB) containing group I nitrifiers, primarily Nitrosospira, was added (1 : 100 by biomass) to anammox activated sludge (ASA) stored for 1 month at 4°C and exhibiting low metabolic activity. The use of ASB resulted in increased efficiency of nitrogen removal. While noticeable nitrogen removal in the control (7%) was observed since day 11 of incubation, nitrogen removal in the experimental reactor began on day 4 at the level of 20%. Nitrogen removal after 30 days of incubation was ~60% in the experiment and 20% in the control. The rate of ammonium oxidation in the presence of ASB increased due to activity of nitrifying bacteria (during the first 10 days of operation) and anammox bacteria of the genus Brоcadia, which were already present in ASA (throughout all period of operation). Activity of group II nitrifiers (genera Nitrobacter and Nitrococcus), which were present in ASB, prevented accumulation of nitrite, which in high concentrations is toxic to both nitrifiers and anammox bacteria. High activity of the Nitrosospira nitrifiers introduced with ASB probably provided the anammox bacteria with one of the substrates (nitrite), promoting their rapid growth. During subsequent operation of the reactor, nitrifiers of the genus Nitrosomonas from the initial ASA community were mainly responsible for growth of the anammox bacteria. Thus, ASA bioaugmentation at the loading of the anammox reactor by active nitrifiers resulted in significantly improved efficiency of ammonium removal via the anammox process and accelerated transition of the reactor to the working mode.
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25
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Comparison of the Efficiency of Deammonification under Different DO Concentrations in a Laboratory-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of deammonification depends on the cooperation of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB/AOA), anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and the effective suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) that compete with AnAOB for nitrite (NO2-N). One of the effective NOB suppression strategies is intermittent aeration. However, it is important to have a good understanding of the optimum dissolved oxygen (DO) value in the aeration period and optimize the non-aeration time used during the reaction phase. This study comprised the investigation of the effect of different DO set points (0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg O2/L) under the same aeration length off/on (12/3 min). Moreover, three different intermittent aeration modes (9/3, 6/3, 3/3) under the same DO set point (0.7 mg O2/L) were more investigated. The experiment was conducted for 6 months (180 days) in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a working volume of 10 L. The results indicated that a high N removal efficiency was achieved 74% at the DO set point = 0.7 mg O2/L during aeration strategy off/on (6/3 min) due to the low nitrate production rate (NPR) 0.9 mg N/g VSS/h and high ammonium utilization rate (AUR) 13 mg N/g VSS/h (NPR/AUR = 0.06). Mathematical modeling results confirmed that the feasible DO set point 0.7 and intermittent aeration mode off/on (6/3 min) were especially suitable for the optimal balance between the NOB suppression and keeping high activities of AOB and anammox in the system.
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26
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Chi Y, Shi X, Jin P, Wang XC, Ren T, Ren B, Jin X. Enhanced nitrogen removal by partial nitrification-anammox process with a novel high-frequency micro-aeration (HFMA) mode: Metabolic interactions among functional bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125917. [PMID: 34534941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-frequency micro-aeration (HFMA) mode with aeration frequency of 15 times/h and DO concentration lower than 0.5 mg/L was proposed. Advanced partial nitrification-anammox (PN-A) performance was achieved in a two-stage sequencing batch reactor-integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor with the HFMA mode. When treating wastewater with carbon/nitrogen ratio of 3, the abundance of NO2--N oxidation related genes decreased, and the genes carried out NO3--N reduction and carbon source consumption were up-regulated. These variations in microbial metabolism brought more NO2--N substrate for the subsequent anammox process, and consumed part of the accumulated organic matter and NO3--N. Thus, the HFMA conditions eventually promoted the expression of anammox bacteria with NH2OH as an intermediate metabolite and the substance exchange activity of anammox bacteria. The changes in microorganisms lead to increase in the nitrite accumulation rate, nitrogen removal efficiency and abundance of anammox bacteria (16.34%, 18.71% and 5.92%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China.
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Tong Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
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27
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Zhang J, Miao Y, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Dai J, Peng Y. An effective strategy for in situ start-up of mainstream anammox process treating domestic sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125525. [PMID: 34298249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of in situ start-up of mainstream anammox process was investigated in three parallel sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) inoculated with nitrification sludge, partial nitrification sludge, and denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge, respectively. The SBBRs were operated under alternate anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic pattern at ambient temperature (16.5-26.8 °C). The influent organic and nitrogen loading rates were increased stepwise. Anammox bacteria grew exponentially with relative abundance and overall bacterial activity increasing from 0 to 0.004% to 0.29-0.40% and 'not detected' to 6-7 mg N/L/h, respectively. Desirable nitrogen removal efficiency of about 86% was obtained in 3-4 months for the influent nitrogen of 40.5-73.6 mg N/L. Anammox was the primary nitrogen transformation pathway. For the anammox bacterial enrichment, biofilm, alternate anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic pattern, and limited aeration played important roles. Seed sludge with high ammonium oxidizing bacterial activity further promoted the start-up of anammox process. The in situ start-up strategy could promote the full-scale application of mainstream anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yawen Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jiatong Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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28
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Liu J, Peng Y, Qiu S, Wu L, Xue X, Li L, Zhang L. Superior nitrogen removal and sludge reduction in a suspended sludge system with in-situ enriching anammox bacteria for real sewage treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148669. [PMID: 34328973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mainstream partial anammox provides a cost- and energy-efficient alternative for wastewater treatment. This study provided a new strategy to achieve mainstream partial anammox in a single-stage suspended sludge system. The novel method coupling external excess sludge fermentation with simultaneous partial nitritation-anammox-denitrification process (SF-SPNAD) was established for 202 days in an anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (AOA-SBR) with real sewage and actual sludge fermentation products. Under the condition of low DO (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/L), short oxic and long anoxic hydraulic retention time (HRToxic = 6.5 h, HRTanoxic = 8 h), the average total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) concentration in the influent and effluent during 110-day operation were 61.0 and 3.4 mg/L, respectively, and the TIN removal efficiency was 94.56%. Under the inhibitory effect of continuous sludge fermentation products addition, nitrite accumulation ratio reached 99.1% and the external sludge reduction ratio reached 38.75%. 15N-stable isotope tracing tests showed the great potential of nitrogen removal by anammox pathway in the system. High-throughput sequencing confirmed that CandidatusBrocadia (not detected to 0.50%) and CandidatusKuenenia (not detected to 0.06%) were successfully in-situ enriched. Nitrogen conversion pathways based on stoichiometry and cycle tests show that 34.69% of the TIN removal was obtained by simultaneous nitritation denitrification and anammox under oxic stage and 35.21% of the TIN removal was carried out by anammox under anoxic stage. Overall, the SF-SPNAD process provides a new possibility for coupling autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrogen removal with excess sludge utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shengjie Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Xue
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited (BEWG), Poly Int Plaza T3, Zone7, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited (BEWG), Poly Int Plaza T3, Zone7, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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29
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Achieving Efficient and Stable Deammonification at Low Temperatures—Experimental and Modeling Studies. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The short-term effects of temperature on deammonification sludge were evaluated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Mathematical modeling was used for further evaluations of different intermittent aeration strategies for achieving high and stable deammonification performance at decreasing temperatures. As for the biomass cultivated at high temperatures (e.g., 30 °C), a higher temperature dependency (the adjusted Arrhenius coefficient θ for 11–17 °C = 1.71 vs. θ for 17–30 °C = 1.12) on the specific anammox growth rates was found at lower temperatures (11–17 °C) in comparison with higher temperatures (17–30 °C). Further evaluations of recovering the nitrogen removal efficiency at decreasing temperatures with the mathematical model by modifying the intermittent aeration strategies (aeration frequency (F) and the ratio (R) between non-aerated (non-aer) phase and aerated (aer) phase durations) indicated that intermittent aeration with a prolonged non-aerated phase (e.g., R ≥ 4 regardless of F value) would help to maintain high and stable deammonification performance (~80%) at decreasing temperatures (14–22 °C). Extending the non-aerated phases (increasing R) and reducing the frequency (F) of off/on phase changes have a positive effect on increasing energy savings, leading to increasing interest in this method.
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30
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Wang F, Xu S, Liu L, Wang S, Ji M. One-stage partial nitrification and anammox process in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Start-up, nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community dynamics in response to temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145529. [PMID: 33581528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A one-stage partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process was started up and operated under varying temperatures in a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor. The start‑up phase took 110 days with an intermittent aeration strategy, and the removal efficiencies of ammonia‑nitrogen and total nitrogen were found to be 92.22% and 76.07%, respectively. The total nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) increased by 9.49% when temperature decreased from 30 °C to 25 °C, but declined by 83.84% from 25 °C to 20 °C. The PN process was inhibited and subsequently limited the nitrogen removal performance at 20 °C. When temperature returned to 28 °C, the NRE recovered to 67.27%, but it was still lower than the value before the decrease in temperature (79.40%). Microbial community analysis showed that the predominant ammonia oxidation bacteria and anammox bacteria were Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, respectively. Nitrosomonas grew, while the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increased as temperature decreased and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Sihan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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31
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Chen Y, Zheng R, Sui Q, Ritigala T, Wei Y, Cheng X, Ren J, Yu D, Chen M, Wang T. Coupling anammox with denitrification in a full-scale combined biological nitrogen removal process for swine wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124906. [PMID: 33662855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance nitrogen removal through anammox process in the full-scale swine wastewater treatment plant, an innovative regulation strategy of nitrate-based carbon dosage and intermittent aeration was developed to apply the combined biological nitrogen removal process in a full scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) system. TN removal efficiency reached at 65.5 ± 6.0% in Phase 1 with decreasing external carbon dosage in influent due to the reduction of return nitrate concentration, and it increased to 83.5 ± 6.7% when intermittent aeration was adopted in oxic zone and external carbon source was stopped adding into influent in Phase 2. As a result, the energy consumption for the swine wastewater treatment decreased from 1.93 to 0.9 kW h/m3 and 4.18 to 2.57 kW h/kg N, respectively. Microbial community analysis revealed that the average abundances of Candidatus Brocadia increased from 0.76% to 2.43% and removal of TN through anammox increased from 39% to 77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Anping Hongjia Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Hebei 053600, China
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tharindu Ritigala
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xiangqian Cheng
- Anping Hongjia Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Hebei 053600, China
| | - Jiehui Ren
- Anping Hongjia Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Hebei 053600, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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32
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Li B, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang W, Huang X, Wang Z. Partial nitrification coupled with anammox in a biofilter reactor (BR) of large height-to-diameter ratio for treatment of wastewater with low C/N. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Jiang H, Wang Z, Ren S, Qiu J, Zhang Q, Li X, Peng Y. Enrichment and retention of key functional bacteria of partial denitrification-Anammox (PD/A) process via cell immobilization: A novel strategy for fast PD/A application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124744. [PMID: 33540212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell immobilization was used to enrich and retain functional bacteria within partial denitrification-Anammox (PD/A) process to achieve its fast start-up for the first time. To do so, residue sludge and Anammox sludge were immobilized in poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) gel for PD cultivation and Anammox bacteria inoculation, respectively. Stable PD with NO3--N to NO2--N transformation ratio (NTR) of 72.0% was achieved within 13 days at 25 °C and successfully combined with Anammox on 14th day. The hydrous porous PVA/SA gel matrix played the role of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and thus protected the microbes against low temperature. Satisfactory nitrogen removal rate (NRR) (301.6 ± 6.1 g N/(m3·d)) was achieved even when temperature decreased to 13 °C. The contribution of nitrogen removal via Anammox was as high as 77.10%. Abundance of Thauera and Candidatus Kuenenia increased from 0.9% and 1.1% to 30.6% and 2.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jingang Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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34
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Development of Strategies for AOB and NOB Competition Supported by Mathematical Modeling in Terms of Successful Deammonification Implementation for Energy-Efficient WWTPs. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel technologies such as partial nitritation (PN) and partial denitritation (PDN) could be combined with the anammox-based process in order to alleviate energy input. The former combination, also noted as deammonification, has been intensively studied in a frame of lab and full-scale wastewater treatment in order to optimize operational costs and process efficiency. For the deammonification process, key functional microbes include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB), which coexisting and interact with heterotrophs and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The aim of the presented review was to summarize current knowledge about deammonification process principles, related to microbial interactions responsible for the process maintenance under varying operational conditions. Particular attention was paid to the factors influencing the targeted selection of AOB/AnAOB over the NOB and application of the mathematical modeling as a powerful tool enabling accelerated process optimization and characterization. Another reviewed aspect was the potential energetic and resources savings connected with deammonification application in relation to the technologies based on the conventional nitrification/denitrification processes.
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Trojanowicz K, Trela J, Plaza E. Possible mechanism of efficient mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in hybrid bioreactors (IFAS). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1023-1037. [PMID: 31474198 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1650834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An explanation of possible mechanism of efficient PN/A in hybrid bioreactors was presented. The bottleneck process is nitritation. Surplus nitrite production by ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is required for assuring the activity of anammox bacteria and eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). It will be possible if nitrogen removal rate by AOB (rN_AOB) is higher than NOB (rN_NOB). It was shown that in biofilm AnAOB bacteria should out-compete NOB, whereas nitrogen transformation rates by AOB are usually lower than NOB. However, the growth of r-AOB in activated sludge allows out-selecting NOB. Impact of ammonium-, nitrite-nitrogen and suspended biomass concentration in hybrid PN/A systems on nitrogen removal rates in the temperature ranges from 10°C to 25°C was presented and discussed. Because bulk liquid ammonium nitrogen concentration can be higher in SBR bioreactors (after certain period of time after aeration starts) or in the initial zones of plug-flow systems than in fully mixed systems, conditions for running efficient PN/A are more favourable in intermittently aerated 'IFAS-SBR' or 'IFAS-plug flow' bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Trojanowicz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, St. Pigon Krosno State College, Krosno, Poland
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Trela
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Plaza
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
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Shao YH, Wu JH. Comammox Nitrospira Species Dominate in an Efficient Partial Nitrification-Anammox Bioreactor for Treating Ammonium at Low Loadings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2087-2098. [PMID: 33440936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria capable of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) are widespread and contribute to nitrification in wastewater treatment facilities. However, their roles in partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) systems remain unclear. In this study, a bench-scale bioreactor with continuous stirring was operated for more than 1000 days with limited oxygen supply to achieve efficient nitrogen removal (70.1 ± 2.7%) at a low ammonium loading of 35.2 mg-N/L/day. High-throughput amplicon sequencing analysis of the comammox ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene revealed seven sequence types from two clusters in clade A of comammox Nitrospira. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses suggested that the comammox species dominated the ammonia-oxidizing community, with an abundance as high as 89.2 ± 7.9% in total prokaryotic amoA copies. Multiple linear regression further revealed the substantial contribution of the comammox Nitrospira to ammonia oxidation in the bioreactor. The investigation with bioreactor and batch experiments consistently showed that activities of comammox Nitrospira were inhibited by free ammonia far more severely than other ammonia-oxidizing microbes. Overall, this study provided new insight into the ecology of comammox Nitrospira under hypoxic conditions and suggested comammox-associated partial nitrification-anammox as a potential method for treating low-strength ammonium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsien Shao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Horng Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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Al-Hazmi HE, Lu X, Majtacz J, Kowal P, Xie L, Makinia J. Optimization of the Aeration Strategies in a Deammonification Sequencing Batch Reactor for Efficient Nitrogen Removal and Mitigation of N 2O Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1218-1230. [PMID: 33378162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In deammonification systems, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression and nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation are two important operational objectives. To carry out this multivariable analysis of response, a comprehensive model for the N cycle was developed and evaluated against experimental data from a laboratory-scale deammonification granular sludge sequencing batch reactor. Different aeration strategies were tested, and the manipulated variables comprised the dissolved oxygen (DO) set point in the aerated phase, aeration on/off frequency (F), and the ratio (R) between the non-aerated and aerated phase durations. Experimental results showed that a high ammonium utilization rate (AUR) in relation to the low nitrate production rate (NPR) (NPR/AUR = 0.07-0.08) and limited N2O emissions (EN2O < 2%) could be achieved at the DO set point = 0.7 mg O2/L, R ratio = 2, and F frequency = 6-7 h-1. Under specific operational conditions (biomass concentration, NH4+-N loading rate, and temperature), simulation results confirmed the feasible aeration strategies for the trade-offs between the NOB suppression and N2O emission. The intermittent aeration regimes led to frequent shifts in the predominating N2O production pathways, that is, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation (aerated phase) versus autotrophic denitrification (non-aerated phase). The inclusion of the extracellular polymeric substance mechanism in the model explained the observed activity of heterotrophs, especially Anaerolineae, and granule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Xi Lu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kowal
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Li Xie
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Gao D, Xiang T. Deammonification process in municipal wastewater treatment: Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124420. [PMID: 33232853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The deammonification process has been proved to be an efficient nitrogen removal process in treating high NH4+-N concentration wastewater (sidestream deammonification). It is very hopeful to bring WWTP close to energy autarky. However, the feasibility of applying mainstream deammonification to sewage treatment need to be further explored. Therefore, this review attempts to give an overview of challenges in applying mainstream deammonification and to discuss the impacts of unfavorable conditions on main functional species. In addition, some novel control strategies to maintain the dominant position of desired species were summarized. Efficient solution to the conflict between AnAOB (Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria) biomass retention and NOB (Nitrite oxidizing bacteria) wash out was also reviewed. Ultimately, we suggested further studies including effective improved process that achieve combination of autotrophy and organotrophy species based on the metabolic diversity of AnAOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Gao
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Tao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Deng J, Zhang B, Xie J, Wu H, Li Z, Qiu G, Wei C, Zhu S. Diversity and functional prediction of microbial communities involved in the first aerobic bioreactor of coking wastewater treatment system. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243748. [PMID: 33301488 PMCID: PMC7728250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-aerobic process of coking wastewater treatment has strong capacity of decarbonization and detoxification, which contribute to the subsequent dinitrogen of non-carbon source/heterotrophic denitrification. The COD removal rate can reach > 90% in the first aerobic bioreactor of the novel O/H/O coking wastewater treatment system during long-term operation. The physico-chemical characteristics of influent and effluent coking wastewater in the first aerobic bioreactor were analyzed to examine how they correlated with bacterial communities. The diversity of the activated sludge microbial community was investigated using a culture-independent molecular approach. The microbial community functional profiling and detailed pathways were predicted from the 16S rRNA gene-sequencing data by the PICRUSt software and the KEGG database. High-throughput MiSeq sequencing results revealed a distinct microbial composition in the activated sludge of the first aerobic bioreactor of the O/H/O system. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorobi were the decarbonization and detoxification dominant phyla with the relative abundance of 84.07 ± 5.45, 10.89 ± 6.31, and 2.96 ± 1.12%, respectively. Thiobacillus, Rhodoplanes, Lysobacter, and Leucobacter were the potential major genera involved in the crucial functional pathways related to the degradation of phenols, cyanide, benzoate, and naphthalene. These results indicated that the comprehensive understanding of the structure and function diversity of the microbial community in the bioreactor will be conducive to the optimal coking wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsi Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junting Xie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dos Reis Souza A, Batista AMM, Leal CD, Fia R, de Araújo JC, Siniscalchi LAB. Evaluation of nitrogen removal and the microbial community in a submerged aerated biological filter (SABF), secondary decanters (SD), and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CW) for the treatment of kennel effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43125-43137. [PMID: 32729043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To ensure microbial activity and a reaction equilibrium with efficiency and energy saving, it is important to know the factors that influence microbiological nitrogen removal in wastewater. Thus, it was investigated the microorganisms and their products involved in the treatment of kennel effluents operated with different aeration times, phase 1 (7 h of continuous daily aeration), phase 2 (5 h of continuous daily aeration), and phase 3 (intermittent aeration every 2 h), monitoring chemical and physical parameters weekly, monthly microbiological, and qualitative and quantitative microbiological analyzes at the end of each applied aeration phase. The results showed a higher mean growth of nitrifying bacteria (NB) (106) and denitrifying bacteria (DB) (1022) in phase with intermittent aeration, in which better total nitrogen (TN) removal performance, with 33%, was achieved, against 21% in phase 1 and 17% in phase 2, due to the longer aeration time and lower carbon/nitrogen ratio (15.7), compared with the other phases. The presence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), the genus Nitrobacter nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and DB were detected by PCR with specific primers at all phases. The analysis performed by 16S-rRNA DGGE revealed the genres Thauera at all phases; Betaproteobacteria and Acidovorax in phase 3; Azoarcus in phases 2 and 3; Clostridium, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, Rhodopseudomonas, and Saccharibacteria in phase 1, which are related to the nitrogen removal, most of them by denitrifying. It is concluded that, with the characterization of the microbial community and the analysis of nitrogen compounds, it was determined, consistently, that the studied treatment system has microbiological capacity to remove TN, with the phase 3 aeration strategy, by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Due to the high density of DB, most of the nitrification occurred by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic. And denitrification occurred by heterotrophic and autotrophic forms, since the higher rate of oxygen application did not harm the DB. Therefore, the aeration and carbon conditions in phase 3 favored the activity of the microorganisms involved in these different routes. It is considered that, in order to increase autotrophic nitrification-aerobic, it is necessary to exhaust the volume of sludge in the secondary settlers (SD), further reducing the carbon/nitrogen ratio, through more frequent cleaning, whose periodicity should be the object of further studies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dos Reis Souza
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Federal University Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Moreira Batista
- State University of Minas Gerais, João Monlevade Unit, Brasília Avenue, 1304 - Bau, João Monlevade, Minas Gerais, 35930-314, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Dutra Leal
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-90, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Fia
- Department of Water Resource and Sanitation, Federal University Lavras, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Calábria de Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-90, Brazil
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Adegoke O, Zolotovskaya S, Abdolvand A, Daeid NN. Rapid and highly selective colorimetric detection of nitrite based on the catalytic-enhanced reaction of mimetic Au nanoparticle-CeO 2 nanoparticle-graphene oxide hybrid nanozyme. Talanta 2020; 224:121875. [PMID: 33379084 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research cancer (IARC) has classified nitrite in Group 2A of probable carcinogens to human. Herein, we report on the rapid and selective colorimetric detection of nitrite using a chemically modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-cerium oxide (CeO2) NP-anchored graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanozyme in a catalytic colorimetric assay where nitrite acts as the main oxidant/target analyte and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the substrate. CeO2 NPs and GO were synthesized separately and incorporated in-situ, in a synthetic solution involving the chemical reduction of Au salt to AuNPs. The chemical modification process aided the adsorption of CeO2 NPs and AuNPs on GO nanosheets, yielding a highly catalytic AuNP-CeO2 NP@GO nanohybrid material. Under optimum experimental conditions, a novel colorimetric assay for nitrite recognition was constructed in which AuNP-CeO2 NP@GO hybrid nanozyme catalysed the oxidation of TMB in the presence of nitrite prepared in a 2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid-2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate (MES-BIS-TRIS-Trisma Ac)-citric acid buffer solution, pH 2. Nitrite was quantitatively detected in a concentration dependent manner from 100 μM to 5000 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9961 and a limit of detection of 4.6 μM. Selective detection of nitrite was confirmed by the generation of a unique green colour reaction upon nitrite interaction in the AuNP-CeO2 NP@GO hybrid nanozyme redox cycle with TMB. None of the several tested metal ions and including H2O2 yielded a positive colour response, thus demonstrating the superior selectivity of the catalytic colorimetric assay for nitrite recognition. The AuNP-CeO2 NP@GO hybrid nanozyme catalytic colorimetric assay was successfully applied in the detection of nitrite in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasesan Adegoke
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4GH, UK.
| | - Svetlana Zolotovskaya
- Materials Science & Engineering Research Cluster, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Amin Abdolvand
- Materials Science & Engineering Research Cluster, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Niamh Nic Daeid
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science & Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4GH, UK
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Li T, Zhou Q. The key role of Geobacter in regulating emissions and biogeochemical cycling of soil-derived greenhouse gases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115135. [PMID: 32650301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, more and more attentions have been paid to soil-derived greenhouse gases (GHGs) including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) because there are signs that they have rising negative impacts on the sustainability of the earth surface system. Farmlands, particularly paddy soils, have been regarded as the most important emitter of GHGs (nearly 17%) due to a large influx of fertilization and the abundance in animals, plants and microorganisms. Geobacter, as an electroactive microorganism widely occurred in soil, has been well studied on electron transport mechanisms and the direct interspecies electron transfer. These studies on Geobacter illustrate that it has the ability to be involved in the pathways of soil GHG emissions through redox reactions under anaerobic conditions. In this review, production mechanisms of soil-derived GHGs and the amount of these GHGs produced had been first summarized. The cycling process of CH4 and N2O was described from the view of microorganisms and discussed the co-culture relationships between Geobacter and other microorganisms. Furthermore, the role of Geobacter in the production of soil-derived GHGs is defined by biogeochemical cycling. The complete view on the effect of Geobacter on the emission of soil-derived GHGs has been shed light on, and appeals further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Yuan C, Wang B, Peng Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Hu T. Enhanced nutrient removal of simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SPNDPR) in a single-stage anaerobic/micro-aerobic sequencing batch reactor for treating real sewage with low carbon/nitrogen. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127097. [PMID: 32470541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SPNDPR) process was investigated in a single-stage anaerobic/micro-aerobic sequencing batch reactor for treating real sewage. Partial nitrification was maintained with average nitrite accumulation ratio of 90.3% during 266 days' operation. Removal efficiencies for NH4+-N (96.3%), total inorganic nitrogen (81.4%), and phosphorus (91.0%) were stably obtained when treated real sewage with low carbon/nitrogen (3.4), with simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification efficiency of 73.1%. The mechanism analysis revealed that denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms (DGAOs) and denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) played the main roles in N-removal and P-removal, respectively. Nitrite pathway and optimized use of the organic carbon available in the sewage were keys for the successful performance. Further microbial community illustrating that DGAOs Candidatus_Competibacter, DPAOs Dechloromonas, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonadaceae were main functional groups. Notably, sludge granulation was formed under long-term synchronous low dissolved oxygen and low sludge loading conditions, avoiding sludge bulking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Zhang X, Wang C, Wu P, Yin W, Xu L. New insights on biological nutrient removal by coupling biofilm-based CANON and denitrifying phosphorus removal (CANDPR) process: Long-term stability assessment and microbial community evolution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138952. [PMID: 32388374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It was difficult to obtain a stable and efficient biological nutrient removal for high-strength wastewater treatment, the possibility of exploiting innovative CANDPR process, integrating biofilm-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) with denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) was evaluated to resolve the difficulty. Results revealed that the excellent NH4+-N, PO43--P and COD removal efficiencies of 96%, 96% and 91%, were achieved respectively under a high nitrogen loading rate (0.79 kg·m-3·d-1) without adding organic matters during 320 days operation. Promoting NOx--N recirculation demonstrated as an efficient strategy for further nutrient depletion, facilitating the enhanced NO3--N removal to 100% with the considerably high P-uptake performance. Batch tests confirmed that denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using NO3--N as electron acceptors accounting for 68% in total PAOs. Dechloromonas was identified as dominating genus in DPR, while Nitrosomonas (1.31%), Candidatus_Kuenenia (5.53%) and Candidatus_Brocadia (1.77%) contributed to the desirable nitrogen removal, indicating that cooperative consortia of DPAOs, AOB and AnAOB were harvested during long-term operation. The CANDPR process was verified to be energy-saving and treatment-reliable for renovating of existing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lezhong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Jiang H, Peng Y, Li X, Zhang F, Wang Z, Ren S. Advanced nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate via partial nitrification-Anammox biofilm reactor (PNABR) driven by high dissolved oxygen (DO): Protection mechanism of aerobic biofilm. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123119. [PMID: 32192962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel partial nitrification-Anammox biofilm reactor (PNABR) operated under high dissolved oxygen (DO) with pre-anoxic - aerobic - anoxic operational mode was developed for efficient denitrogenation from mature landfill leachate. With DO concentration gradually increasing to 4.03 ± 0.03 mg/L, the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) was enhanced to 25.8 mgNH4+-N/(L h), while nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) was inhibited effectively by alternating free ammonia (FA) and oxygen starvation. DO micro-distribution revealed that estimated 1900 μm of aerobic biofilm could protect anammox biofilm underneath from being inhibited by high DO. qPCR analysis further suggested that ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) abundance in whole biofilm was 6.12 × 109 gene copies/(g dry sludge), which was twice than found in the floc. Anammox bacteria accounted for 2.39% of total bacteria in whole biofilm, contributing 90.0% to nitrogen removal. Nitrogen removal rate (NRR) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) finally reached 396.6 gN/(m3 d) and 96.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Fangzhai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Li X, Du R, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Wang J. Characteristics of sludge granulation and EPS production in development of stable partial nitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122937. [PMID: 32062316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and aerobic upflow sludge bed reactor (AeUSB) were used to investigate the effects of sludge granulation on establishing partial nitrification (PN) process and explore the potential mechanism. The particle size was positively related to the NO2--N accumulating performance, satisfactory nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of 96.4% and 77.3% were obtained with the appearance of micro-granules in SBR and AeUSB after day 105 and 83, respectively. To our knowledge, it is the first report describing the importance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and components, such as aromatic protein-like substances, by-product-like substances and special protein secondary structures (α-helices and 3-turn helices) for sludge granulation and even PN process. Quantitative microbial analysis suggested that ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) predominated in nitrifying-bacterium in micro-granules system, guaranteeing a highly efficient PN process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang C, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Zhou Q, Wu Z. Isolation of two iron-reducing facultative anaerobic electricigens and probing the application performance in eutrophication water. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a promising bioremediation technology in which microbes play an important role. Electricigens as the bio-catalysts have effect on pollution control and electricity generation. It is of great significance to screen the microorganisms with the ability of generating electricity.
Methods
The SMFC anode biofilm was used as microbiological source to study the feasibility of electricigens with iron-reducing property for eutrophication water treatment. Preliminarily, we isolated 20 facultative anaerobic pure bacteria and evaluated their cyclic voltammogram (CV) through the three-electrode system and electrochemical workstation. The power generation performance of strains was verified by air-cathode microbial fuel cells (AC-MFCs) under different single carbon sources.
Result
According to its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, along with phylogenetic analysis, the two strains (SMFC-7 and SMFC-17) with electrical characteristics were identified as Bacillus cereus. Compared with SMFC-7, SMFC-17 exhibited efficient NH4+-N and NO3−-N removal and PO43−-P accumulation from eutrophic solution with a removal rate of 79.91 ± 6.34% and 81.26 ± 1.11% and accumulation rate of 57.68 ± 4.36%, respectively.
Conclusion
The isolated bacteria SMFC-17 showed a good performance in eutrophic solution, and it might be a useful biocatalyst to enable the industrialized application of SMFC in eutrophic water treatment.
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48
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Cui B, Yang Q, Liu X, Huang S, Yang Y, Liu Z. The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on long-term stability of partial nitrification process. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:343-351. [PMID: 32081330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is regarded as one of the crucial factors to influence partial nitrification process. However, achieving and keeping stable partial nitrification under different DO concentrations were widely reported. The mechanism of DO concentration influencing partial nitrification is still unclear. Therefore, in this study two same sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) cultivated same seeding sludge were built up with real-time control strategy. Different DO concentrations were controlled in SBRs to explore the effect of DO concentration on the long-term stability of partial nitrification process at room temperature. It was discovered that ammonium oxidation rate (AOR) was inhibited when DO concentration decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 mg/L. The abundance of Nitrospira increased from 1011.5 to 1013.7 copies/g DNA, and its relative percentage increased from 0.056% to 3.2% during 190 operational cycles, causing partial nitrification gradually turning into complete nitrification process. However, when DO was 2.5 mg/L the abundance of Nitrospira was stable and AOB was always kept at 1010.7 copies/g DNA. High AOR was maintained, and stable partial nitrification process was kept. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity was significantly higher than nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity at DO of 2.5 mg/L, which was crucial to maintain excellent nitrite accumulation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Siting Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yubing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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49
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Chen Y, Zhao Z, Liu H, Ma Y, An F, Huang J, Shao Z. Achieving stable two-stage mainstream partial-nitrification/anammox (PN/A) operation via intermittent aeration. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125650. [PMID: 31874323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream anammox process has attracted extensive attention recently. Compared to single-stage partial-nitrification/anammox (PN/A) system, two-stage PN/A process was more advantageous for achieving mainstream anammox. However, complex control strategy in partial-nitrification reactor (N-SBR) might not be feasible in practical application. The aim of this study was to provide an easy operation strategy to achieve two-stage PN/A process. Firstly, intermittent aeration was investigated to achieve 100% conversion of ammonium to nitrite in N-SBR. The effluent nitrite concentrations increased from 19.96 to 38.62 mg/L when intermittent aeration ratio (IAC) varied from 30 min/30 min-30 min/15 min. During 125 d's operation of N-SBR, stable partial nitrification performance was obtained through intermittent aeration, without coupling with low dissolve oxygen or short sludge retention time. Then, raw municipal wastewater was directly mixed with N-SBR effluent to provide suitable feed to anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (A-SBR).When the mixture ratio between the raw wastewater and the N-SBR effluent was 2.5, the effluent ammonium and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was only 0.97 and 2.52 mg N/L, respectively. Additionally, carbon-based pollutants was also removed in the proposed system without any pretreatment, which made the process easier to operate in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Fangjiao An
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Jianming Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Shao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
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50
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Ji J, Peng Y, Wang B, Li X, Zhang Q. A novel SNPR process for advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal from mainstream wastewater based on anammox, endogenous partial-denitrification and denitrifying dephosphatation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115363. [PMID: 31816567 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For achieving energy-efficient wastewater treatment, a novel simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) process, which integrated anammox, endogenous partial-denitrification and denitrifying dephosphatation in a sequencing batch reactor with granular sludge was developed to treat mainstream wastewater. After 200 days of operation, a simultaneous high-level nitrogen and phosphorus removal of 93.9% and 94.2%, respectively was achieved with an average influent C/N ratio of 2.9. Anammox pathway contributed 82.9% of the overall nitrogen removal because of the stable nitrite production from nitrate via endogenous partial-denitrification. In addition, phosphorus was mainly removed via denitrifying dephosphatation utilizing nitrate as the electron acceptor, resulting in a significant saving of carbon sources and oxygen demands. Further, adsorption/precipitation of phosphorus occurred in this novel SNPR process, which displaced the energy source to the metabolism of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) for nitrite production and alleviated competition between phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and anammox for electron acceptor. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis, the study found that anammox bacteria (8.4%), GAOs (1.5%) and PAOs (1.1%) co-existed in this system, potentially resulting in simultaneous endogenous partial-denitrification, anammox and denitrifying dephosphatation. The above results demonstrated that the novel SNPR process is a promising technique for energy-efficient wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
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