1
|
Qu Y, Miao X, Chen S, Qin N, Li J, Che Y, Luo L, Sun Y. Novel insights into the mechanism of dynamic changes in microstructure and physicochemical properties of corn straw pretreated by ball milling and feasibility analysis of anaerobic digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173943. [PMID: 38880129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Ball milling (BM) pretreatment (0-240 min) on the microstructure, physicochemical properties and subsequent methanogenesis performance of corn straw (CS) were explored, and the feasibility analysis was carried out. The results showed that BM pretreatment destroyed the dense structure of the CS, and the particle size was significantly reduced (D50: 13.85 μm), transforming it into a cell-scale granular form. The number of mesopores increased, the pore volume (PV) (0.032 cm3/g) and specific surface area (SSA) (4.738 m2/g) considerably increased, and the water-absorbent property was improved. The crystalline order of cellulose was disrupted and the crystallinity (CrI) (8.61 %) and crystal size (CrS) (3.37) were remarkably reduced. The cross-links between lignocelluloses were broken, and the relative content and functional groups did not alter obviously. The bulk density (BD), repose angle (RA) and slip angle (SA) dramatically increased. As a result, CS was more readily accessible, attached and utilized by microorganisms and enzymes, causing the hydrolysis and acidification of AD to be greatly facilitated. Compared with the untreated group, the cumulative methane production (CMP) increased by 35.83 %-101.97 %, and the lag phase time (λ) was shortened by 33.04 %-71.17 %. The results of redundancy analysis, Pearson analysis and Mantel test showed that BM pretreatment affects the process of AD by changing the physicochemical factors of CS. The normalization analysis showed that particle size (D90) and BD can be used as direct indicators to evaluate the performance of AD and predict the threshold of biodegradation of CS. Energy analysis and energy conversion assessment showed that BM is a green and efficient AD pretreatment strategy. This result provides a theoretical basis for the industrial application of BM pretreatment towards more energy-efficient and sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youpei Qu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xinying Miao
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Nan Qin
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuchen Che
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lina Luo
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resources Utilization Technology and Equipment in Cold Areas of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Celestino MF, Lima LR, Fontes M, Batista ITS, Mulinari DR, Dametto A, Rattes RA, Amaral AC, Assunção RMN, Ribeiro CA, Castro GR, Barud HS. 3D Filaments Based on Polyhydroxy Butyrate-Micronized Bacterial Cellulose for Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:464. [PMID: 37754878 PMCID: PMC10531805 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, scaffolds based on poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and micronized bacterial cellulose (BC) were produced through 3D printing. Filaments for the printing were obtained by varying the percentage of micronized BC (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00%) inserted in relation to the PHB matrix. Despite the varying concentrations of BC, the biocomposite filaments predominantly contained PHB functional groups, as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated. Thermogravimetric analyses (i.e., TG and DTG) of the filaments showed that the peak temperature (Tpeak) of PHB degradation decreased as the concentration of BC increased, with the lowest being 248 °C, referring to the biocomposite filament PHB/2.0% BC, which has the highest concentration of BC. Although there was a variation in the thermal behavior of the filaments, it was not significant enough to make printing impossible, considering that the PHB melting temperature was 170 °C. Biological assays indicated the non-cytotoxicity of scaffolds and the provision of cell anchorage sites. The results obtained in this research open up new paths for the application of this innovation in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F. Celestino
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Lais R. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marina Fontes
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Biosmart Nanotechnology LTDA, Araraquara 14808-162, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor T. S. Batista
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Daniella R. Mulinari
- Department of Mechanics and Energy, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UEJR), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael A. Rattes
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - André C. Amaral
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Rosana M. N. Assunção
- Faculty of Integrated Sciences of Pontal (FACIP), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Pontal Campus, Ituiutaba 38304-402, MG, Brazil
| | - Clovis A. Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernane S. Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Group, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil (I.T.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang E, Sun H, Chen P, Zheng Y, Guo J, Dong R. Two-step anaerobic digestion of rice straw with nanobubble water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128928. [PMID: 36940882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose usually requires pretreatment to improve biogas production. To enhance lignocellulose biodegradability and improve anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency, different types (N2, CO2, and O2) of nanobubble water (NW) were applied in this study as soaking agent and AD accelerant to increase the biogas yield of rice straw. The results showed that the cumulative methane yields of treating with NW in two-step AD increased by 11.0%-21.4% compared with untreated straw. The maximum cumulative methane yield was 313.9±1.7 mL/gVS in straw treated with CO2-NW as soaking agent and AD accelerant (PCO2-MCO2). The application of CO2-NW and O2-NW as AD accelerants increased bacterial diversity and relative abundance of Methanosaeta. This study suggested that using NW could enhance soaking pretreatment and methane production of rice straw in two-step AD; however, combined treatment with inoculum and NW or microbubble water in the pretreatment needs to compare in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzhen Wang
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Penghui Chen
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Z, Dai Z, Jiang X, Yu L, Hu M, Peng J, Zhou F. Influence and Optimization of Long-time Superfine Grinding on the Physicochemical Features of Green Tea Powder. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
5
|
Liu H, Meng H, Cong H, Shen X, Chen X, Xing H, Dai J. Alcoholysis kinetics and mechanism studies of ethyl levulinate production from ball milled corn stover. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34145-34153. [PMID: 36545581 PMCID: PMC9706373 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholysis of ball-milled biomass over catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites provides an efficient and sustainable scheme to produce versatile biobased chemicals under mild conditions; however, optimizing the process parameters is challenged by the complexity of reaction pathways and the multiplicity of ball milling and combination catalyst gains. To address these challenges, we present kinetic analysis of ethyl levulinate (EL) production from ball-milled corn stover catalyzed by Brønsted (B) acidic ionic liquid [Bmim-SO3H][HSO4] (SO3H-IL) and Lewis (L) acidic Al2(SO4)3. Product analysis shows that cellulosic substrates can form EL either through the intermediate ethyl-d-glycopyranoside (EDGP) or levoglucosenone (LGO), with the former leading the alcoholysis reaction. Kinetics results reveal that ball milling accelerates the reaction rate by promoting the formation of EDGP and LGO from cellulose. Pure SO3H-IL gives high selectivity towards EDGP from ball-milled corn stover and promotes the LGO production, whereas addition of Al2(SO4)3 substantially facilitates their further conversion to EL. Our findings contribute to the rational design of efficient catalytic strategies for sustainable and profitable biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 China +86-10-59196858 +86-10-59196858
| | - Haibo Meng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 China +86-10-59196858 +86-10-59196858
| | - Hongbin Cong
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 China +86-10-59196858 +86-10-59196858
| | - Xiuli Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 China +86-10-59196858 +86-10-59196858
| | - Xueli Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Haohan Xing
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 China +86-10-59196858 +86-10-59196858
| | - Jinhang Dai
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lempiäinen H, Lappalainen K, Mikola M, Tuuttila T, Hu T, Lassi U. Acid-catalyzed mechanocatalytic pretreatment to improve sugar release from birch sawdust: Structural and chemical aspects. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
7
|
Chen X, He D, Hou T, Lu M, Mosier NS, Han L, Xiao W. Structure-property-degradability relationships of varisized lignocellulosic biomass induced by ball milling on enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:36. [PMID: 35379297 PMCID: PMC8981931 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass to obtain clean fuels and high-value chemicals is attractive and essential for sustainable energy and chemical production, but the complex structure of biomass is recalcitrant to catalytic processing. This recalcitrance can be overcome by pretreating biomass into deconstructable components, which involves altering the structural complexities and physicochemical properties. However, the impact of these alterations on biomass deconstruction varies considerably, depending on the pretreatment and subsequent conversion type. Here, we systematically describe the changes in structure and properties of corn stover after ball milling as well as their influence on the following enzymatic saccharification and acid-catalyzed alcoholysis, with the aim of elucidating the relationships between structures, properties and deconstructable potential of lignocellulosic biomass. Results Ball milling causes dramatic structural changes, since the resistant plant cell walls are destroyed with size reduction to a cellular scale, leading to the increase in surface area and reducing ends, and decrease in crystallinity and thermal stability. As a result, ball-milled corn stover is more susceptible to enzymatic saccharification to fermentable sugars and provides more industrially viable processing approaches, as it is effective at high solids loading and minor enzyme loading, without any other pretreatment. Acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of corn stover to biofuels, on the other hand, is also enhanced by ball milling, but additional processing parameters should be tailored to the needs of efficient conversion. Further, a detailed examination of process variables coupled with a kinetic study indicates that acid-catalyzed alcoholysis is limited by the process variables rather than by the substrate parameters, whereas ball milling facilitates this reaction to some extent, especially under mild conditions, by lowering the activation energy of corn stover decomposition. Conclusions The efficient catalytic conversion of biomass is closely related to its structure and properties, an understanding of which offers prospects for the rational improvement of methods aimed at more economic commercial biorefineries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02133-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Haidian district, P.O. Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.,Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dingping He
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Haidian district, P.O. Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Haidian district, P.O. Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Minsheng Lu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Nathan S Mosier
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Haidian district, P.O. Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Haidian district, P.O. Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bioethanol Production Optimization from KOH-Pretreated Bombax ceiba Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Response Surface Methodology. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was based on the production of bioethanol from alkali-pretreated seed pods of Bombax ceiba. Pretreatment is necessary to properly utilize seed pods for bioethanol production via fermentation. This process assures the accessibility of cellulase to the cellulose found in seedpods by removing lignin. Untreated, KOH-pretreated, and KOH-steam-pretreated substrates were characterized for morphological, thermal, and chemical changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Hydrolysis of biomass was performed using both commercial and indigenous cellulase. Two different fermentation approaches were used, i.e., separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Findings of the study show that the maximum saccharification (58.6% after 24 h) and highest ethanol titer (57.34 g/L after 96 h) were observed in the KOH-steam-treated substrate in SSF. This SSF using the KOH-steam-treated substrate was further optimized for physical and nutritional parameters by one factor at a time (OFAT) and central composite design (CCD). The optimum fermentation parameters for maximum ethanol production (72.0 g/L) were 0.25 g/L yeast extract, 0.1 g/L K2HPO4, 0.25 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.09 g/L MgSO4, 8% substrate, 40 IU/g commercial cellulase, 1% Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum, and pH 5.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang J, Gao C, Yang X, Su Y, Shi S, Han L. Effect of combined wet alkaline mechanical pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and its mechanism. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:31. [PMID: 35300735 PMCID: PMC8932242 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To further optimize the mechanochemical pretreatment process, a combined wet alkaline mechanical pretreatment of corn stover was proposed with a short time and less chemical consumption at room temperature. RESULTS The combined alkaline mechanical pretreatment significantly enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resulting a highest glucose yield (YG) of 91.9% with 3% NaOH and ball milling (BM) for 10 min. At this optimal condition, 44.4% lignin was removed and major portion of cellulose was retained (86.6%). The prehydrolysate contained by-products such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, acetic acid, and lignin but no furfural and 5-HMF. The alkaline concentration showed a significant impact on glucose yield, while the BM time was less important. Quantitative correlation analysis showed that YG (%) = 0.68 × BM time (min) + 19.27 × NaOH concentration (%) + 13.71 (R2 = 0.85), YG = 6.35 × glucan content - 231.84 (R2 = 0.84), and YG = - 14.22 × lignin content + 282.70 (R2 = 0.87). CONCLUSION The combined wet alkaline mechanical pretreatment at room temperature had a boosting effect on the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis with short treatment time and less chemical consumption. The impact of the physical and chemical properties of corn stover pretreated with different BM times and/or different NaOH concentrations on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated, which would be beneficial to illustrate the effective mechanism of the mechanochemical pretreatment method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chongfeng Gao
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueqi Yang
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanfu Su
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suan Shi
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rajaonarivony RK, Rouau X, Fabre C, Mayer-Laigle C. Properties of biomass powders resulting from the fine comminution of lignocellulosic feedstocks by three types of ball-mill set-up. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:125. [PMID: 37645205 PMCID: PMC10445875 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Lignocellulosic biomass has many functionalities that hold huge potential for material, energy or chemistry applications. To support advanced applications, the biomass must be milled into ultrafine powder to increase reactivity. This milling unit operation needs to be fully mastered to deliver high-quality standard end-products. Here we studied the relationship between the characteristics of the starting lignocellulosic plant material and the properties of the resulting ultrafine powder in different ball-mill process routes. Methods: Two lignocellulosic biomasses (pine bark and wheat straw) with contrasted compositional and mechanical properties were milled using three ball-mill set-ups delivering different balances of impact force and attrition force. The resulting powders were analysed for particle characteristics (size, agglomeration extent, shape) and powder flow properties (compressibility, cohesion) using a dynamic powder rheometer. Results: Pine bark is more amenable to a fast particle size reduction than the fibrous wheat straw. The resulting pine bark powders appear less compressible but much more cohesive than the straw powders due to particle shape, density and composition factors. The mill set-up working by attrition as dominant mechanical force (vibratory ball mill) produced a mix of large, elongated particles and higher amounts of fines as it acts mainly by erosion, the resulting powder being more prone to agglomerate due to the abundance of fines. The mill set-up working by impact as dominant mechanical force (rotary ball mill) produced more evenly distributed particle sizes and shapes. The resulting powder is less prone to agglomerate due to a preferential fragmentation mechanism. Conclusions: The attrition-dominant mill yields powders with dispersed particle sizes and shapes and the poorest flow properties, while the impact-dominant mill yields more agglomeration-prone powders. The mill set-up working with impact and attrition as concomitant mechanical forces (stirred ball mill) produces powders with better reactivity and flow properties compared to rotary and vibratory mills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Rouau
- IATE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Charlène Fabre
- IATE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Claire Mayer-Laigle
- IATE, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu XL, Dong C, Leu SY, Fang Z, Miao ZD. Efficient saccharification of wheat straw pretreated by solid particle-assisted ball milling with waste washing liquor recycling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126721. [PMID: 35051568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw was pretreated using ball milling (BM) promoted by solid particles (NaOH, NaCl, citric acid). NaOH showed the best synergistic interaction effect, due to the breakage of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds among cellulose molecules by the alkali solid particles induced by BM. NaOH-BM pretreatment decreased the straw crystallinity from 46% to 21.4% and its average particle size from 398.3 to 50.6 μm in 1 h. After 4 h milling, the reducing-end concentration of cellulose increased by 3.8 times from 12.5 to 60.2 μM, with glucose yield increased by 2.1 times from 26.6% to 82.4% for 72 h enzymatic hydrolysis at cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g dry substrate. The pretreatment washing liquor was recycled for the re-treatment of partially pretreated biomass at 121 °C for 30 min, resulting in 99.4% glucose yield by enzymatic hydrolysis. BM assisted with alkali particles was an effective approach for improving biomass enzymatic saccharification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-le Liu
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Chengyu Dong
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China. http://biomass-group.njau.edu.cn/
| | - Zheng-Diao Miao
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu X, Yan P, Xu Z, Zhang ZC. The effect of mix-milling with P 2O 5 on cellulose physicochemical properties responsible for increased glucose yield. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117652. [PMID: 33593540 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Breaking the recalcitrant structure of native crystalline cellulose is an energy demanding rate liming step in the production of glucose from cellulosic biomass. Mix-milling of lignocellulosic substrates (with P2O5) dramatically increased glucose yield. In this work, the changes of physicochemical characteristics (morphology, structure, degree of polymerization (DP), solubility) of cellulose during mix-milling (with P2O5) are correlated with glucose yield in the subsequent chemical hydrolysis process. The mix-milling enables highly efficient breakdown of cellulose I crystalline to smaller amorphous particles with low DP, which is recrystallized into cellulose II structure after water-wetting. As a result, the mix-milled cellulose (MMC) shows higher hydrolysis reactivity than that of single-milled cellulose (SMC). The results showed that small particle size, low DP, higher solubility and cellulose II content are correlated with the hydrolysis reactivity of cellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Peifang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Z Conrad Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao C, Yang J, Han L. Systematic comparison for effects of different scale mechanical-NaOH coupling treatments on lignocellulosic components, micromorphology and cellulose crystal structure of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124786. [PMID: 33548818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of different mechanical-chemical coupling treatment on wheat straw and provide guidance for the subsequent preparation of cellulose nanomaterials, this paper systematically explored the impact of different scale mechanical fragmentation coupling various NaOH concentration treatment on the lignocellulosic components, micromorphology and cellulose crystal structure of wheat straw. The results showed that the relationship between hemicellulose and lignin removal with NaOH concentration can be expressed as exponential function Y = ai(1-exp(-biX)), and micro-nano-scale ball-milling coupling NaOH treatment can facilitate the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Micromorphology analysis found that wet ball milling coupling NaOH one-step treatment can disintegrate cellulose fiber into crosslinked network structure of cellulose microfibrils. XRD results indicated that wet ball milling with NaOH solution was contributed to retaining cellulose crystal structure and conducive to cellulose crystalline transformation. In conclusion, wet ball milling coupling NaOH simultaneous treatment can be a promising pretreatment for cellulose nanomaterials preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Gao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Surface-Related Kinetic Models for Anaerobic Digestion of Mi-crocrystalline Cellulose: The Role of Particle Size. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030487. [PMID: 33498568 PMCID: PMC7864345 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for modelling the anaerobic digestion of microcrystalline cellulose, two surface-related models based on cylindrical and spherical particles were developed and compared with the first-order kinetics model. A unique dataset consisting of particles with different sizes, the same crystallinity and polymerisation degree was used to validate the models. Both newly developed models outperformed the first-order kinetics model. Analysis of the kinetic constant data revealed that particle size is a key factor determining the anaerobic digestion kinetics of crystalline cellulose. Hence, crystalline cellulose particle size should be considered in the development and optimization of lignocellulose pre-treatment methods. Further research is necessary for the assessment of impact of the crystalline cellulose particle size and surface properties on the microbial cellulose hydrolysis rate.
Collapse
|
15
|
Suethao S, Shah DU, Smitthipong W. Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4060. [PMID: 32933128 PMCID: PMC7560401 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer foams are an important class of engineering material that are finding diverse applications, including as structural parts in automotive industry, insulation in construction, core materials for sandwich composites, and cushioning in mattresses. The vast majority of these manufactured foams are homogeneous with respect to porosity and structural properties. In contrast, while cellular materials are also ubiquitous in nature, nature mostly fabricates heterogeneous foams, e.g., cellulosic plant stems like bamboo, or a human femur bone. Foams with such engineered porosity distribution (graded density structure) have useful property gradients and are referred to as functionally graded foams. Functionally graded polymer foams are one of the key emerging innovations in polymer foam technology. They allow enhancement in properties such as energy absorption, more efficient use of material, and better design for specific applications, such as helmets and tissue restorative scaffolds. Here, following an overview of key processing parameters for polymer foams, we explore recent developments in processing functionally graded polymer foams and their emerging structures and properties. Processes can be as simple as utilizing different surface materials from which the foam forms, to as complex as using microfluidics. We also highlight principal challenges that need addressing in future research, the key one being development of viable generic processes that allow (complete) control and tailoring of porosity distribution on an application-by-application basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supitta Suethao
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Darshil U. Shah
- Centre for Natural Material Innovation, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PX, UK;
| | - Wirasak Smitthipong
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Office of Natural Rubber Research Program, Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Office of Research Integration on Target–Based Natural Rubber, National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao C, Yang J, Zhang H, Xiao W, Han L. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of dual scale mechanical enhancement on cellulosic and crystalline-structural variation of NaOH treated wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123535. [PMID: 32454440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of different mechanical fragmentation on cellulose separation and cellulose polymorphic transformation of wheat straw during alkali treatment, one coarse milled (CM) and two ball milled wheat straw samples (BM30 and BM120) were treated with different NaOH concentrations (1%-10%), and the lignocellulosic compositions and crystalline-structural various were quantitative and qualitative characterized. The quantitative equations between cellulose content and NaOH concentration of different mechanical treated samples were YCM = 69.8-35.1exp(-0.64X)), YBM30 = 71.3-35.1exp(-0.86X)) and YBM120 = 73.5-35.1exp(-1.82X)). The enhancement effect of cellulose separation with the increasing mechanical fragmentation intensity is mainly due to the increasing hemicellulose solubilization. X-ray diffraction results reveals that the NaOH concentration required for cellulose crystalline transformation of CM, BM30 and BM120 is 10%, 8% and 2%, respectively. In conclusion, mechanical fragmentation contributes to cellulose separation and cellulose crystalline transformation under lower NaOH concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Gao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hehu Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Phomrak S, Nimpaiboon A, Newby BMZ, Phisalaphong M. Natural Rubber Latex Foam Reinforced with Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose via Dunlop Method. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1959. [PMID: 32872461 PMCID: PMC7565547 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) was reinforced with micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose at a loading content of 5-20 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) via the Dunlop process. Cellulose powder from eucalyptus pulp and bacterial cellulose (BC) was used as a microcellulose (MC) and nanocellulose (NC) reinforcing agent, respectively. NRLF, NRLF-MC, and NRLF-NC exhibited interconnected macroporous structures with a high porosity and a low-density. The composite foams contained pores with sizes in a range of 10-500 µm. As compared to MC, NC had a better dispersion inside the NRLF matrix and showed a higher adhesion to the NRLF matrix, resulting in a greater reinforcement. The most increased tensile strengths for MC and NC incorporated NRLF were found to be 0.43 MPa (1.4-fold increase) and 0.73 MPa (2.4-fold increase), respectively, by reinforcing NRLF with 5 phr MC and 15 phr NC, whereas the elongation at break was slightly reduced. Compression testing showed that the recovery percentage was improved to 34.9% (1.3-fold increase) by reinforcement with 15 phr NC, whereas no significant improvement in the recovery percentage was observed with MC. Both NRLF-MC and NRLF-NC presented hydrophobic surfaces and good thermal stability up to 300 °C. Due to their highly porous structure, after a prolong immersion in water, NRLF composites had high water uptake abilities. According to their properties, the composite foams could be further modified for use as green absorption or supporting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Phomrak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Adun Nimpaiboon
- Rubber Technology Research Centre (RTEC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Bi-min Zhang Newby
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA;
| | - Muenduen Phisalaphong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Jiang Z, Ma J, Ma S, Yan Q, Yang S. Biochemical Characterization and Structural Analysis of a β- N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii for Efficient Production of N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5648-5657. [PMID: 32338008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioproduction of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from chitin, the second most abundant natural renewable polymer on earth, is of great value in which chitinolytic enzymes play key roles. In this study, a novel glycoside hydrolase family-18 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (PbNag39) from Paenibacillus barengoltzii suitable for GlcNAc production was identified and biochemically characterized. It possessed a unique shallow catalytic groove (5.8 Å) as well as a smaller C-terminal domain (solvent-accessible surface area, 5.1 × 103 Å2) and exhibited strict substrate specificity toward N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (COS) with GlcNAc as the sole product, showing a typical manner of action of β-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Thus, an environmentally friendly bioprocess for GlcNAc production from ball-milled powdery chitin by an enzyme cocktail reaction was further developed. By using the new route, the powdery chitin conversion rate increased from 23.3% (v/v) to 75.3% with a final GlcNAc content of 22.6 mg mL-1. The efficient and environmentally friendly bioprocess may have great application potential in GlcNAc production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Le Guen MJ, Hill S, Smith D, Theobald B, Gaugler E, Barakat A, Mayer-Laigle C. Influence of Rice Husk and Wood Biomass Properties on the Manufacture of Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling. Front Chem 2019; 7:735. [PMID: 31737608 PMCID: PMC6834546 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has the potential to displace some of the current manufacturing techniques and is particularly attractive if local renewable waste resources can be used. In this study, rice husk, and wood powders were compounded in polylactic acid (PLA) by twin screw extrusion to produce filaments for fused-deposition modeling 3D printing. The biomasses were characterized in terms of physical features (e.g., particle size, density) and chemical compositions (e.g., solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, ash content). The two biomasses were found to have a different impact on the rheological behavior of the compounds and the extrusion process overall stability. When comparing the complex viscosity of neat PLA to the biomass/PLA compounds, the integration of wood powder increased the complex viscosity of the compound, whereas the integration of rice husk powder decreased it. This significant difference in rheological behavior was attributed to the higher specific surface area (and chemical reactivity) of the rice husk particles and the presence of silica in rice husks compared to the wood powder. Color variations were also observed. Despite the biomass filler and rheological behavior differences, the mechanical properties of the 3D printed samples were similar and predominantly affected by the printing direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdellatif Barakat
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Mayer-Laigle
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu H, Chen X, Ji G, Yu H, Gao C, Han L, Xiao W. Mechanochemical deconstruction of lignocellulosic cell wall polymers with ball-milling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121364. [PMID: 31026715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the deconstruction mechanism of corn stover cell wall polymers during ball milling was evaluated. The characterization showed that ball milling not only brought about the dissociation of the cross-linked cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin complex but also led to the depolymerization of the cell-wall polymers especially the carbohydrates. Micromorphology characterization revealed that mechanical treatment disrupted the orderly fibrillar matrices with a porous structure. The breakage of β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose and the decomposition of arabinoxylans indicated the modification in polysaccharide chains. The degradation of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages and the cleavage of β-O-4' linkages in lignin approved the partial degradation of lignin. In conclusion, mechanochemistry is an efficient force to make the polymers in plant fibers more digestible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanya Ji
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chongfeng Gao
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen J, Yu Y, Han J, Guo Y, Yang Z, Shang Q, Liu C. Mechanochemical esterification of waste mulberry wood by wet Ball-milling with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121354. [PMID: 31004953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Esterification of lignocellulosic biomass driven by dry ball-milling suffered from agglomeration of lignocellulosic matters during milling process. In this study, esterification of waste mulberry wood (MW) was carried out by wet ball-milling with water and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) to prepare all-wood-plastic composites. Under the same condition, the esterification of MW by wet ball-milling with TBAF presented higher efficiency than that without TBAF which was attributed to catalytic function of F- ions meanwhile the binding of TBA+ to cellulose fibrils hindered the compaction of fibrillated fragments. Pre-ball-milling of MW for 4.0 h apparently promoted the esterification with succinic anhydride. All-wood-plastic composites prepared after 7.0 h succinoylation demonstrated prominent mechanical performance due to strong adhesion of fragments and matrix. This study is supposed to provide an environment-friendly method for efficient conversion of waste lignocellulosic biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Mi Q, Jia F, Wu J, Yu J, Zhang J. Direct and complete utilization of agricultural straw to fabricate all-biomass films with high-strength, high-haze and UV-shielding properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115057. [PMID: 31427002 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is of vital significance to fabricate high-value-added materials from agricultural wastes by environmentally friendly and cost-effective processes. In this work, we propose an approach to directly and completely convert agricultural straw into multifunctional all-biomass films by introducing an entanglement network of additional cellulose to enhance the strength of the regenerated straw. First, natural wheat straw is dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Then, a small amount of cellulose with a high degree of polymerization (DP) is introduced to obtain straw/cellulose/AmimCl solutions, which are subsequently soaked in water for biomass regeneration, washed and dried to obtain straw/cellulose films. Dynamic shear rheological test confirms that after adding high-DP cellulose, an enhanced entanglement network forms in the solutions, which is essential to the processing and mechanical properties of materials. Extensional rheological test indicates that straw/cellulose/AmimCl solutions exhibit excellent spinnability and film-forming properties based on a significant increase in the capillary break-up time. Therefore, after regeneration in water, straw-based all-biomass films with high mechanical strength are obtained. When the content of additional wood pulp (WP, DP = 1300) with respect to total solids is 25 wt%, the obtained straw/WP all-biomass film reaches a tensile strength of 62 MPa. More interestingly, because there is no intentional chemical pretreatment and compositional isolation involved in this process, almost all of the components in straw, such as cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and inorganic compounds, are retained in the final films. Thus, the resultant films have a superhigh haze of 97% while preventing 97% UVA (320-400 nm) and almost 100% UVB (280-320 nm). In sum, we demonstrate the complete and value-added utilization of low-grade bioresources by a facile, green and economical process to fabricate high-strength, high-haze and UV-shielding all-biomass films, which have great potential in low-cost, biodegradable and environmentally friendly packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China.
| | - Qinyong Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fengwei Jia
- Shandong Henglian New Materials Co., Ltd., Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Jian Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang H, Fan Z, Li J, Han L. A comparative study on enzyme adsorption and hydrolytic performance of different scale corn stover by two-step kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:384-389. [PMID: 30884458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of two-step kinetics on enzyme adsorption and hydrolytic properties of different structural substrates at low enzyme doses. The two-step kinetic experiments of ultrafine grinding (UGCS) and sieve-based grinding corn stover (SGCS) were performed respectively with enzyme loading of 2.5 + 2.5 FPU/g and 5 + 5 FPU/g. The different performance of these two samples were illustrated by characterizing the particle size distribution, SEM and XPS. The results showed that ultrafine grinding can promote the structural properties which is beneficial to adsorption and hydrolysis. The main factors influencing adsorption kinetics are enzyme concentration and the surface cellulose amount. Pre-adsorbed enzyme has no effects on the subsequent enzyme adsorption quantity but produces some small competitive and impeditive effects. The hydrolysis kinetics mainly depend on the structure of the substrate and its complexity of hydrolysis. The two-step hydrolysis didn't promote the total sugar yield under the same enzyme concentration, but the first step contributed more to the total sugar yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Fan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Junbao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu H, Xiao W, Han L, Huang G. Characterization of mechanical pulverization/phosphoric acid pretreatment of corn stover for enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:69-74. [PMID: 30851576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from corn stover holds promise as a raw material for the production of alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. In this study, structural properties of corn stover after pretreatment using mechanical pulverization with or without subsequent phosphoric acid treatment were investigated. The results showed that a pulverization step loosened the compact structure of corn stover lignocellulose and effectively reduced particle size, while both pulverization and phosphoric acid pretreatment steps altered the crystallinity index. During pretreatment, hemicellulose content was reduced and accessibility of β-1,4 glycosidic bonds to hydrolysis by cellulase increased, while almost all lignin was retained. The results showed that the combined two-step pretreatment method improved sugar yield from lignocellulose during subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis from 20.01 mg/g to 41.41 mg/g in glucose yield. These results should guide the development of methods for improved lignocellulose conversion to sugars for enhanced bioethanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu M, Li J, Han L, Xiao W. An aggregated understanding of cellulase adsorption and hydrolysis for ball-milled cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:1-7. [PMID: 30368157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of physicochemical properties of a series of ball-milled cellulose on cellulase adsorption and glucose yield. The relationship between cellulase adsorption and initial hydrolysis rate was also discussed. We found that hydrophobicity and surface charge are the key factors affecting cellulase adsorption on ball-milled cellulose. The results demonstrated that glucose yield had a positive correlation with specific surface area, while showed a negative correlation with particle size, degree of polymerization and crystallinity. Among these properties, specific surface area and crystallinity are the key factors affecting glucose yield. As ball milling progressed, cellulose showed lower enzyme adsorption capacity/amount of bound enzyme during initial stage of hydrolysis, but had higher initial hydrolysis rate. The enhanced rate is attributed to the fact that the amorphous region produced by ball milling reduces the free energy required for decrystallization thus increases the catalytic efficiency of the bound enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsheng Lu
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Junbao Li
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bai X, Wang G, Sun Y, Yu Y, Liu J, Wang D, Wang Z. Effects of combined pretreatment with rod-milled and torrefaction on physicochemical and fuel characteristics of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:38-45. [PMID: 30007237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of rod-milling combined with torrefaction as well as its effects on physicochemical and fuel properties of wheat straw were investigated. Rod-milling and hammer-milling samples were torrefied under three temperatures (250, 275, and 300 °C) with a duration time of 30 min. The results indicated that combined rod-milling and torrefaction pretreatment (CRT) significantly elevated carbon content, higher heating value, fuel ratio, and reduced oxygen content and atomic H/C and O/C ratios in wheat straw. Moreover, CRT significantly reduced cellulose crystallinity, and increased the specific surface area and pore volume of wheat straw, which lowered the wheat straw's degrading pyrolysis temperature. These peak values appeared under 300 °C. Devolatilization index (Di) was improved by rod-milling pretreatment under identical torrefaction conditions except 275 °C. Therefore, the combination of rod-milling with torrefaction under 300 °C has the advantage of enhancing fuel properties of lignocellulosic biomass materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jude Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Decheng Wang
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsegaye B, Balomajumder C, Roy P. Biodelignification and hydrolysis of rice straw by novel bacteria isolated from wood feeding termite. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:447. [PMID: 30333949 PMCID: PMC6181904 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two bacterial strains capable of degrading lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were isolated from wood feeding termite. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A bacterium Ochrobactrum oryzae BMP03 capable of degrading lignin was isolated on alkali lignin medium and Bacillus sp. BMP01 strain capable of degrading cellulose and hemicellulose were isolated on carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan media. The efficiency of bacterial degradation was studied by evaluating the composition of rice straw both before and after degradation. The appearance of new cellulose bands at 1382, 1276, 1200, and 871 cm-1, and the absence of former lignin bands at 1726, 1307, and 1246 cm-1 was observed after biodelignification. This was further confirmed by the formation of channeling and layering of the microstructure of biodelignified rice straw observed under electron microscope. Maximum lignin removal was achieved in separate biodelignification and hydrolysis process after the 14th day of treatment by Ochrobactrum oryzae BMP03 (53.74% lignin removal). Hydrolysis of the biodelignified rice straw released 69.96% of total reducing sugars after the 14th day hydrolysis by Bacillus sp. BMP01. In simultaneous delignification and hydrolysis process, about 58.67% of total reducing sugars were obtained after the 13th day of biotreatment. Separate delignification and hydrolysis process were found to be effective in lignin removal and sugar released than the simultaneous process. The bacteria, Bacillus sp. BMP01, has the ability to degrade hemicellulose and cellulose simultaneously. Overall, these results demonstrate that the possibility of rice straw bioconversion into reducing sugars by bacteria from termite gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahiru Tsegaye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Chandrajit Balomajumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Li J, Huang G, Yang Z, Han L. Understanding the synergistic effect and the main factors influencing the enzymatic hydrolyzability of corn stover at low enzyme loading by hydrothermal and/or ultrafine grinding pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:327-334. [PMID: 29885582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A thorough assessment of the microstructural changes and synergistic effects of hydrothermal and/or ultrafine grinding pretreatment on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover was performed in this study. The mechanism of pretreatment was elucidated by characterizing the particle size, specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (PV), average pore size, cellulose crystallinity (CrI) and surface morphology of the pretreated samples. In addition, the underlying relationships between the structural parameters and final glucose yields were elucidated, and the relative significance of the factors influencing enzymatic hydrolyzability were assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). Hydrothermal pretreatment at a lower temperature (170 °C) combined with ultrafine grinding achieved a high glucose yield (80.36%) at a low enzyme loading (5 filter paper unit (FPU)/g substrate) which is favorable. The relative significance of structural parameters in enzymatic hydrolyzability was SSA > PV > average pore size > CrI/cellulose > particle size. PV and SSA exhibited logarithmic correlations with the final enzymatic hydrolysis yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junbao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zengling Yang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lujia Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 17 Qing-Hua-Dong-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zheng Y, Fu Z, Li D, Wu M. Effects of Ball Milling Processes on the Microstructure and Rheological Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose as a Sustainable Polymer Additive. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1057. [PMID: 29932099 PMCID: PMC6073434 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of ball mill treatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the rheological properties of MCC-polymer suspension, the structure and physicochemical characteristics of ground samples with different milling time and the rheological behaviors of MCC-starch suspensions were determined and comprehensively analyzed. During the ball milling process, MCC underwent a morphological transformation from rod-like to spherical shape under the combined effect of breakage and an agglomeration regime. The particle size and crystallinity index of MCC exhibited an exponential declining trend with ball milling time. All of the milled MCC samples presented a crystalline cellulose Iβ structure whereas the MCC mechanically treated in a shorter time had better thermal stability. Rheological measurements of starch/MCC suspensions indicated that all the blended paste exhibited shear thinning behavior and ‘weak’ elastic gel-like viscoelastic properties over the whole investigated range owing to the formation of entangled network structure. The rheological behavior of starch/MCC pastes was strongly dependent on milling time and concentration of MCC samples. The increase in milling time of MCC samples resulted in the loss of rheological properties of starch/MCC pastes, where the size of the MCC playing a dominant role in affecting the properties of composite suspension. In addition, a possible network within starch/MCC suspensions was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 QinghuaEast Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zongqiang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Dong Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 QinghuaEast Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 QinghuaEast Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Equipment and Facilities, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mayer-Laigle C, Rajaonarivony RK, Blanc N, Rouau X. Comminution of Dry Lignocellulosic Biomass: Part II. Technologies, Improvement of Milling Performances, and Security Issues. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5030050. [PMID: 29932152 PMCID: PMC6165348 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic feedstocks present a growing interest in many industrial processes as they are an ecological alternative to petroleum-based products. Generally, the size of plant raw materials needs to be reduced by milling step(s), to increase density, facilitate transport and storage, and to increase reactivity. However, this unit operation can prove to be important in term of investments, functioning costs, and energy consumption if the process is not fully adapted to the histological structure of the plant material, possibly challenging the profitability of the whole chain of the biomass conversion. In this paper, the different technologies that can be used for the milling of lignocellulosic biomass were reviewed and different avenues are suggested to improve the milling performances thanks to thermal pretreatments. Based on examples on wheat straw milling, the main points to take into consideration in the choice of a milling technologies have been highlighted in regards to the specifications of ground powder. A specific focus on the hazards associated to the milling and the manipulation of fine biomass particles is also realized at the end of the paper from the perspective of industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer-Laigle
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France.
| | - Rova Karine Rajaonarivony
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France.
| | - Nicolas Blanc
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France.
| | - Xavier Rouau
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mayer-Laigle C, Blanc N, Rajaonarivony RK, Rouau X. Comminution of Dry Lignocellulosic Biomass, a Review: Part I. From Fundamental Mechanisms to Milling Behaviour. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E41. [PMID: 29865229 PMCID: PMC6027489 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The comminution of lignocellulosic biomass is a key operation for many applications as bio-based materials, bio-energy or green chemistry. The grinder used can have a significant impact on the properties of the ground powders, of those of the end-products and on the energy consumption. Since several years, the milling of lignocellulosic biomass has been the subject of numerous studies most often focused on specific materials and/or applications but there is still a lack of generic knowledge about the relation between the histological structure of the raw materials, the milling technologies and the physical and chemical properties of the powders. This review aims to point out the main process parameters and plant raw material properties that influence the milling operation and their consequences on the properties of ground powders and on the energy consumption during the comminution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer-Laigle
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nicolas Blanc
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Rova Karine Rajaonarivony
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier Rouau
- UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et des Technologies Emergentes (IATE), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Xiao W, Cao Y, Ji G, Gao C, Han L. The effect of ultrafine and coarse grinding on the suspending and precipitating properties of black tea powder particles. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Gu BJ, Wang J, Wolcott MP, Ganjyal GM. Increased sugar yield from pre-milled Douglas-fir forest residuals with lower energy consumption by using planetary ball milling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:93-98. [PMID: 29272773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Impact of planetary ball milling on pre-milled wood fiber was studied to improve efficiency of energy consumption for bioconversion using post-harvest forest residuals. Crystalline cellulose decreased from 40.73% to 11.70% by ball milling. Crystallinity index of ball milled wood samples had a negative correlation with glucose yield (r = -0.97, p < .01), xylose/mannose (r = -0.96, p < .01), and a positive correlation with median particle size (r = 0.77, p < .01). Range of glucose yield and xylose/mannose yield for ball milled samples was found to be 24.45-59.67% and from 11.92% to 23.82%, respectively. Morphological changes of the lignocellulosic biomass were observed; the compact fiber bundles of the forest residuals were cleaved to smaller particles with lower aspect ratio with increasing intensity of ball milling. The required energy ranged from 0.50 to 2.15 kWh/kg for 7-30 min of milling respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Jae Gu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Michael P Wolcott
- Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Girish M Ganjyal
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang H, Zhang P, Ye J, Wu Y, Liu J, Fang W, Xu D, Wang B, Yan L, Zeng G. Comparison of various pretreatments for ethanol production enhancement from solid residue after rumen fluid digestion of rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:147-156. [PMID: 28946089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rumen digested residue of rice straw contains high residual carbohydrates, which makes it a potential cellulosic ethanol feedstock. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of applying microwave assisted alkali (MAP), ultrasound assisted alkali (UAP), and ball milling pretreatment (BMP) to enhance ethanol production from two digested residues (2.5%-DR and 10%-DR) after rumen fluid digestion of rice straw at 2.5% and 10.0% solid content. Results revealed that 2.5%-DR and 10%-DR had a cellulose content of 36.4% and 41.7%, respectively. MAP and UAP improved enzymatic hydrolysis of digested residue by removing the lignin and hemicellulose, while BMP by decreasing the particle size and crystallinity. BMP was concluded as the suitable pretreatment, resulting in an ethanol yield of 116.65 and 147.42mgg-1 for 2.5%-DR and 10%-DR, respectively. The integrated system including BMP for digested residue at 2.5% solid content achieved a maximum energy output of 7010kJkg-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jie Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Szymańska-Chargot M, Chylińska M, Gdula K, Kozioł A, Zdunek A. Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose from Different Fruit and Vegetable Pomaces. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100495. [PMID: 30965797 PMCID: PMC6418744 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fractionation process was developed to achieve valorization of fruit and vegetable pomaces. The importance of the residues from fruits and vegetables is still growing; therefore; the study presents the novel route of a fractioning process for the conversion of agro-industrial biomasses, such as pomaces, into useful feedstocks with potential application in the fields of fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Hence, the biorefinery process is expected to convert them into various by-products offering a great diversity of low-cost materials. The final product of the process is the cellulose of the biofuel importance. The study presents the novel route of the fractioning process for the conversion of agro-industrial biomasses, such as pomaces, into useful feedstocks with a potential application in the fields of fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Therefore the aim of this paper was to present the novel route of the pomaces fraction and the characterization of residuals. Pomaces from apple, cucumber, carrot, and tomato were treated sequentially with water, acidic solution, alkali solution, and oxidative reagent in order to obtain fractions reach in sugars, pectic polysaccharides, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Pomaces were characterized by dry matter content, neutral detergent solubles, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Obtained fractions were characterized by the content of pectins expressed as galacturonic acid equivalent and hemicelluloses expressed as a xyloglucan equivalent. The last fraction and residue was cellulose characterized by crystallinity degree by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microfibril diameter by atomic force microscope (AFM), and overall morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hemicelluloses content was similar in all pomaces. Moreover, all the materials were characterized by the high pectins level in extracts evaluated as galacturonic acid content. The lignins content compared with other plant biomasses was on a very low level. The cellulose fraction was the highest in cucumber pomace. The cellulose fraction was characterized by crystallinity degree, microfibril diameter, and overall morphology. Isolated cellulose had a very fine structure with relatively high crystalline index but small crystallites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Chylińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Gdula
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kozioł
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|