1
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Ewuzie RN, Genza JR, Abdullah AZ. Review of the application of bimetallic catalysts coupled with internal hydrogen donor for catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenolic fine chemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131084. [PMID: 38521312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass contains lignin, an aromatic and oxygenated substance and a potential method for lignin utilization is achieved through catalytic conversion into useful phenolic and aromatic monomers. The application of monometallic catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis reaction remains one of the major reasons for the underutilization of lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Monometallic catalysts have many limitations such as limited catalytic sites for interacting with different lignin linkages, poor catalytic activity, low lignin conversion, and low product selectivity. It is due to lack of synergy with other metallic catalysts that can enhance the catalytic activity, stability, selectivity, and overall catalytic performance. To overcome these limitations, works on the application of bimetallic catalysts that can offer higher activity, selectivity, and stability have been initiated. In this review, cutting-edge insights into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin, focusing on the production of phenolic and aromatic monomers using bimetallic catalysts within an internal hydrogen donor solvent are discussed. The contribution of this work lies in a critical discussion of recent reported findings, in-depth analyses of reaction mechanisms, optimal conditions, and emerging trends in lignin catalytic hydrogenolysis. The specific effects of catalytic active components on the reaction outcomes are also explored. Additionally, this review extends beyond current knowledge, offering forward-looking suggestions for utilizing lignin as a raw material in the production of valuable products across various industrial processes. This work not only consolidates existing knowledge but also introduces novel perspectives, paving the way for future advancements in lignin utilization and catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Robinson Genza
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Zhong Y, Guo Z, Li M, Jia X, Zeng B. Expression of cellobiose dehydrogenase gene in Aspergillus niger C112 and its effect on lignocellulose degrading enzymes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1330079. [PMID: 38562472 PMCID: PMC10982475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1330079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is one of the cellulase auxiliary proteins, which is widely used in the field of biomass degradation. However, how to efficiently and cheaply apply it in industrial production still needs further research. Aspergillus niger C112 is a significant producer of cellulase and has a relatively complete lignocellulose degradation system, but its CDH activity was only 3.92 U. To obtain a recombinant strain of A. niger C112 with high cellulases activity, the CDH from the readily available white-rot fungus Grifola frondose had been heterologously expressed in A. niger C112, under the control of the gpdA promoter. After cultivation in the medium with alkali-pretreated poplar fiber as substrate, the enzyme activity of recombinant CDH reached 36.63 U/L. Compared with the original A. niger C112, the recombinant A. niger transformed with Grifola frondosa CDH showed stronger lignocellulase activity, the activities of cellulases, β-1, 4-glucosidase and manganese peroxidase increased by 28.57, 35.07 and 121.69%, respectively. The result showed that the expression of the gcdh gene in A. niger C112 could improve the activity of some lignocellulose degrading enzymes. This work provides a theoretical basis for the further application of gcdh gene in improving biomass conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zepan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Meiqun Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojiang Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Baiquan Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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3
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Chen F, Wang Y, Zheng L, Wu L, Ding X. Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass with potassium phosphate and iron and their binary mixture: A comprehensive investigation on the yields and compositions of biocrude and solid residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129532. [PMID: 37479044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction of corn, soybean, rice and wheat straws with K3PO4, Fe and Fe + K3PO4 at 320 °C for 30 min was examined. The addition of K3PO4 led to the highest biocrude yields from hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straws (39.20 wt%). Particularly, the biocrude yields from K3PO4-catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction of corn and rice straws were ∼ 10 wt% higher than those from non-catalytic run (19.4 and 27.8 wt%). Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction with K3PO4 had minimal impact on the elemental compositions of biocrudes and solid residue. Furthermore, K3PO4 promoted the enrichment of low-boiling components in biocrudes by 2.02 wt%. for hydrothermal liquefaction of wheat straw. Moreover, the incorporation of K3PO4 induces the occurrence of dense porous structure on the surface of solid residue, making it highly suitable as an adsorbent or catalyst carrier. Finally, potential reaction network and mechanisms of catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of straw have been proposed and discussed detailly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, PR China.
| | - Lan Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, PR China
| | - Le Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, PR China
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Xi'an Key Lab of Green Hydrogen Production, Storage & Application Integration Technology, 710069, PR China
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4
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Morales A, Labidi J, Gullón P. Integral valorisation of walnut shells based on a three-step sequential delignification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114730. [PMID: 35202949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Walnut kernels represent no more than 50-60% of the total weight of the fruit, so the sum of walnut shells generated every year is immense. Nonetheless, these shells could be further valorised for the extraction of their main constituents following a biorefinery scheme. Hence, the objective of this work was an integral valorisation of walnut shells, which involved a sequential organosolv delignification (200 °C, 90 min, 70/30 v/v EtOH/H2O, LSR 6:1) and several posterior non-isothermal hydrothermal treatments (180, 195 and 210 °C, LSR 8:1). Moreover, the spent solids after the aforementioned treatments were evaluated as possible sources of cellulose nanocrystals. The results showed that the sequential organosolv delignifications presented relative lignin yields up to 60%, which leaded to lignins that just differed on their molecular weight distributions. The hydrothermal treatments were efficient for the removal of still present hemicelluloses (14.7-71.8%), and permitted a successful cellulose nanocrystal obtaining whereas the spent solid from the delignification stages did not. Thus, this study presented an innovative strategy for the integral valorisation of walnut shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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5
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Effects of hydrothermal pretreatment on the dissolution and structural evolution of hemicelluloses and lignin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Li S, Jin L, Wang H, Wei X, Li W, Liu Q, Zhang X, Chen L, Ma L, Zhang Q. Tungsten oxide decorated silica-supported iridium catalysts combined with HZSM-5 toward the selective conversion of cellulose to C 6 alkanes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126403. [PMID: 34826560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, WOx-decorated Ir/SiO2 (W/Ir = 0.06) and HZSM-5 were coupled to selectively convert microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) into C6 alkanes. A 92.8% yield of liquid alkanes including an 85.3% yield of C6 alkanes was produced at 210 °C. Cellulose hydrolysis, glucose hydrogenation and sorbitol hydrodeoxygenation were integrated to produce alkanes via a sorbitol route. Ir-WOx/SiO2 showed high performance for hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions after hydrolysis catalyzed by HZSM-5. The intimate contact between WOx and Ir enhanced the synergistic interaction through the electron transfer from Ir to WOx. The interaction strengthened the reduction capability of Ir for hydrogenations, as well as improved the adsorption and activation of C-O bonds on reduced WOx for deoxygenations. The monotungstate WOx species provided moderate Lewis acids to cooperate with Ir to accelerate hydrodeoxygenations with alleviated retro-aldol condensation to yield more C6 alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lele Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 233022, PR China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Wei
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 233022, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 233022, PR China
| | - Qiying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Lungang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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7
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Xu YH, Li MF. Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulose for value-added products: Mechanism, parameter and production application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126035. [PMID: 34592454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abundant, environmentally friendly, and sustainable lignocellulose is a promising feedstock for replacing fossil fuels, and hydrothermal liquefaction is an effective technology to convert it into liquid fuels and high-value chemicals. This review summarizes and discusses the reaction mechanism, main influence factor and the production application of hydrothermal liquefaction. Particular attention has been paid to the reaction mechanism of the structural components of lignocellulose, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the influence factors including types of lignocellulose, temperature, heating rate, retention time, pressure, solid-to-liquid ratio, and catalyst are discussed in detail. The limitations in the hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulose and the prospects are proposed. This provides deep knowledge for understanding the process as well as the development of advanced products from lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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8
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Jiang Z, Gao M, Ding W, Huang C, Hu C, Shi B, Tsang DCW. Selective degradation and oxidation of hemicellulose in corncob to oligosaccharides: From biomass into masking agent for sustainable leather tanning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125425. [PMID: 33626472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chrome-free metal tanning agent has been considered as eco-friendly in the leather industry. However, extensive crosslinking reactions of metal species on the leather surface restrain their uniform penetration into the hierarchical nanoscale leather matrix. Thus, masking agents with appropriate coordination ability are needed. Herein, the selective degradation of hemicellulose in corncob was achieved with 92.5% of conversion in an AlCl3-H2O system, obtaining oligosaccharides masking agent with high purity and leaving cellulose and lignin in the solid residue for other valuable use. Subsequently, H2O2 oxidation was performed to introduce -CHO/-COOH into oligosaccharides and reduce their molecular weights, thereby enhancing coordination ability and reducing ligand dimension. The post-oxidized reaction fluids together with additional Zr species were subjected to leather tanning, in which the oligosaccharides could coordinate with Al/Zr species and promote the penetration of metal species into the leather matrix. By controlling the hemicellulose degradation and oligosaccharide oxidation, an appropriate concentration of oligosaccharides with proper -CHO/-COOH contents allowed the efficient masking effect of the oligosaccharides. As a result, a uniform distribution of Al/Zr species was observed on the cross section, and 83.5 °C of shrinkage temperature was obtained for the chrome-free tanned leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jiang
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Mi Gao
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Chenjun Huang
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
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9
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Morales A, Labidi J, Gullón P. Hydrothermal treatments of walnut shells: A potential pretreatment for subsequent product obtaining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142800. [PMID: 33092847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are nowadays widely consumed. Since the edible part of walnuts does not account more than 50-60% of their total weight, the total amount of shells produced annually is huge. However, as walnut shells are part of lignocellulosic biomass, they could be valorised via a biorefinery approach in order to extract their diverse constituents. For this reason, the aim of this work was to valorise walnut shells by a biorefinery scheme. The latest involved multiple microwave assisted and conventional hydrothermal treatments for the subsequent valorisation of oligosaccharides. Then, an organosolv delignification of the solid that permitted the maximum oligosaccharide yield was performed, in order to isolate the lignin. Finally, it was treated for cellulose nanocrystal obtaining. The results showed, on the one hand, that the hydrothermal treatments leaded to xyloligossacharide-rich liquors (1-17 g/L). On the other hand, the organosolv delignification resulted into the extraction of a highly pure lignin (93.6%) and a weight average molecular weight of 7000 Da. Moreover, the solid from the delignification treatment was suitable for a successful nanocrystal production. The extracted fractions could be employed in many applications and could be considered renewable precursors for new materials and chemicals. Hence, the proposed biorefinery scheme would allow an integral valorisation of currently undervalued walnut shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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10
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Duval A, Layrac G, van Zomeren A, Smit AT, Pollet E, Avérous L. Isolation of Low Dispersity Fractions of Acetone Organosolv Lignins to Understand their Reactivity: Towards Aromatic Building Blocks for Polymers Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:387-397. [PMID: 33006437 PMCID: PMC7821138 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two organosolv lignins extracted during pilot runs of the Fabiola process were analyzed, fractionated and chemically modified with ethylene carbonate (EC) to produce building blocks suitable for polymer synthesis. Isolation of low dispersity fractions relied on the partial solubility of the lignins in organic solvents. Lignins solubility was first evaluated and analyzed with Hansen and Kamlet-Taft solubility parameters, showing a good correlation with the solvents dipolarity/polarizability parameter π*. The results were then used to select a sequence of solvents able to fractionate the lignins into low dispersity fractions of increasing molar masses, which were analyzed by 31 P NMR, SEC and DSC. The lignins were then reacted with EC, to convert the phenolic OH groups into primary aliphatic OH groups. The reactivity of the organosolv lignins was high, and milder reaction conditions than previously reported were sufficient to fully convert the phenolic OH groups. A gradual reduction in reactivity with increasing molar mass was evidenced and attributed to reduced solubility of high molar mass fragments in EC. Undesirable crosslinking side reactions were evidenced by SEC, but were efficiently limited thanks to a fine control of the reaction conditions, helping to maximize the benefits of the developed lignin modification with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Duval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPMUMR CNRS 7515Université de Strasbourg25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
| | - Géraldine Layrac
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPMUMR CNRS 7515Université de Strasbourg25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
| | | | - Arjan T. Smit
- TNO-Energy TransitionWesterduinweg 31755 LEPetten (TheNetherlands
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPMUMR CNRS 7515Université de Strasbourg25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPMUMR CNRS 7515Université de Strasbourg25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg Cedex 2France
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11
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Mateo W, Lei H, Villota E, Qian M, Zhao Y, Huo E, Zhang Q, Lin X, Wang C. One-step synthesis of biomass-based sulfonated carbon catalyst by direct carbonization-sulfonation for organosolv delignification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124194. [PMID: 33039844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-based sulfonated carbon catalyst (SCC) was prepared from corncob via direct sulfuric acid carbonization-sulfonation treatment. Central composite design was used to evaluate temperature and time for optimizing SCC yield and sulfonic acid (SO3H) density. The SO3H groups were successfully introduced to the SCC as evidenced by FTIR and sulfur analysis. Numerical optimization results showed that 100 °C and 5.78 h are the optimal conditions for maximizing yield (61.24%) and SO3H density (1.1408 mmol/g). The highest ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) yield of 63.56% with a substrate yield of 39.08% was achieved at 20% SCC loading in the ethanol organosolv delignification of lignocellulosic biomass. The FTIR spectra of the isolated lignin revealed typical features of G-lignin, indicating that no drastic changes took place in the lignin structure during the process. This study developed a simple one-step preparation method of SCC, which was successfully used as a catalyst in an organosolv delignification of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Mateo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, 3120 Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States.
| | - Elmar Villota
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, 3120 Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Moriko Qian
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States
| | - Erguang Huo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States
| | - Qingfa Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, United States
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12
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Thoresen PP, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Recent advances in organosolv fractionation: Towards biomass fractionation technology of the future. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123189. [PMID: 32220471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategies for valorising lignocellulosic biomass and could facilitate the transition towards enhanced utilization of renewable feedstocks. However, issues such as inefficient solvent recycle and fractionation has to be overcome. The present review aims to address these issues and discuss the role of the components present during organosolv treatment and their influence on the overall process. Thus, the review focuses not only on how the choice of solvent and catalyst affects lignocellulosic fractionation, but also on how the choice of treatment liquor influences the possibility for solvent recycling and product isolation. Several organic solvents have been investigated in combination with water and acid/base catalysts; however, the lack of a holistic approach often compromises the performance of the different operational units. Thus, an economically viable organosolv process should optimize biomass fractionation, product isolation, and solvent recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
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13
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Enhanced Selective Production of Carbonyl Products for Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols over Mesoporous Fe2O3 Supported Gold Nanoparticles. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous Fe2O3 supported gold nanoparticles with a desired specific surface area and porous structure (Au/meso-Fe2O3) was successfully fabricated with a hard templating method by using KIT-6 as the template. The morphology and physico-chemical properties of Au/meso-Fe2O3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. The gold nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the surface of the mesoporous Fe2O3. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalyst was studied for the aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols in β–O–4 linked lignin model dimers to the corresponding carbonyl products under atmosphere pressure. Au/meso-Fe2O3 shows an enhanced activity for the aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol in comparison with that of Au/bulk-Fe2O3. The promoted catalytic activity is related to the confined porous structure of mesoporous Fe2O3 and more boundaries contact between gold and meso-Fe2O3, which shows that the porous structure of the support has a significant influence on the activity of gold catalysts.
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14
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Sun W, Othman MZ. A selective fractionation method of lignocellulosic materials using electro-assisted organosolv pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121421. [PMID: 31152951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) extracted from waste-wood products are promising sources of renewable chemicals and fuels. Organosolv pretreatment is commonly used for the fractionation of LCMs; however, these methods require high reaction temperatures, which remain problematic. In this study, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and electrochemical conversion were used for LCMs fractionation. This paper presents a modified organosolv pretreatment, termed electro-assisted organosolv pretreatment (EAOP), which utilises gamma-valerolactone and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as binary solution, in the presence of electrical energy. Importantly, EAOP can selectively fractionate lignin or cellulose at temperatures lower than 80 °C. Cellulose dissolution occurred at 2.4 V whereas lignin dissolution occurred at 4.2 V. A capacitance parameter was established and validated to describe the operating condition and selectively of EAOP. Operations conducted with capacitance less than 2317 F have the potential for cellulose solubilisation, whereas at capacitance exceeding 2317, lignin solubilisation was observed. This study showed that EAOP can overcome organosolv pretreatment shortfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiyue Sun
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Australia
| | - Maazuza Z Othman
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Australia.
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15
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Zhang M, Puri AK, Wang Z, Singh S, Permaul K. A unique xylose reductase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: Effect of lignocellulosic substrates and inhibitors and applicability in lignocellulosic bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:374-381. [PMID: 30831517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the xylose reductase gene (XRTL) from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294. The purified 39.2 kDa monomeric enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.5 and 50 °C and showed activity over a wide range of temperatures (30-70 °C) and pH (4.0-9.0), with a half-life of 1386 min at 50 °C. The enzyme preferred NADPH as cofactor and showed broad substrate specificity. The enzyme was inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+, while ferulic acid was found to be the most potent lignocellulosic inhibitor. Recombinant S. cerevisiae with the XRTL gene showed 34% higher xylitol production than the control strain. XRTL can therefore be used in a cell-free xylitol production process or as part of a pathway for utilization of xylose from lignocellulosic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adarsh Kumar Puri
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kugen Permaul
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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16
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Kumar A, Srivastava R. FeVO4 decorated –SO3H functionalized polyaniline for direct conversion of sucrose to 2,5-diformylfuran & 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and selective oxidation reaction. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Kazmi MZH, Karmakar A, Michaelis VK, Williams FJ. Separation of cellulose/hemicellulose from lignin in white pine sawdust using boron trihalide reagents. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Gumina B, Espro C, Galvagno S, Pietropaolo R, Mauriello F. Bioethanol Production from Unpretreated Cellulose under Neutral Selfsustainable Hydrolysis/Hydrogenolysis Conditions Promoted by the Heterogeneous Pd/Fe 3O 4 Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:352-357. [PMID: 31459334 PMCID: PMC6648557 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of untreated microcrystalline cellulose into C2-C3 alcohols, through a one-pot process promoted by the heterogeneous bimetallic Pd/Fe3O4 catalyst, is presented. The process is selfsustainable without the addition of external molecular hydrogen or acid/basic promoters and is mainly selective toward ethanol. At 240 °C, a complete cellulose conversion was reached after 12 h with an ethanol molar selectivity of 51% among liquid products. The synergistic effect played by water (which aids in the chemical pretreatment means of cellulose through the hydrolysis process) and the Pd/Fe3O4 catalyst (which catalyzes the hydrogenolysis reaction driving the pattern of obtained products) is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gumina
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contr. di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Espro
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contr. di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Signorino Galvagno
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contr. di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosario Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento
DICEAM, Università Mediterranea di
Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mauriello
- Dipartimento
DICEAM, Università Mediterranea di
Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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19
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Wang J, Yan C, Zhu L, Gu D, Zhang D, Wang H, Wang B. Solar binary chemical depolymerization of lignin for efficient production of small molecules and hydrogen. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:249-258. [PMID: 30352367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, solar binary chemical depolymerization, that is Solar Thermal Electrochemical Process (STEP), was implemented for an effective breaking of lignin into small molecules and hydrogen. Compared with the conventional unitary chemical thermolysis, solar binary chemical depolymerization of lignin has high efficiencies of the liquefaction and gasification with the low coke, and accompanied by the abundant production of hydrogen. And the reaction temperature of the STEP process was greatly lowered by an intervention of the electrolysis. The results showed that the total conversion and liquefaction of the lignin yielded 87.22% and 57.72% under a constant current of 0.4 A at 340 °C. Further characterizations show that lignin has been successfully decomposed into small molecules with high added-value and hydrogen by a combination of the thermolysis and electrolysis. And the particle size of aggregates and the color degree in the lignin aqueous solution was obviously decreased after the STEP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Lingyue Zhu
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Di Gu
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Hongming Wang
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
| | - Baohui Wang
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China
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20
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Mishra S, Kharkar PS, Pethe AM. Biomass and waste materials as potential sources of nanocrystalline cellulose: Comparative review of preparation methods (2016 - Till date). Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:418-427. [PMID: 30600024 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained much popularity over the last decade as a preferred nanomaterial in varied applications, despite its laborious industrial production and higher cost. Its production methods have undergone a great deal of metamorphosis lately. The main emphasis has been on the environment-friendly and green processes, in addition to the sustainable and renewable feedstock. Globally, the researchers have explored biomass and waste cellulosic materials as renewable sources for NCC extraction. Newer and/or improved process alternatives, e.g., ultrasonication, enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical treatments have been applied successfully for producing high-quality material. Detailed investigations on optimizing the overall yield from cheaper feedstock have yielded obvious benefits. This is still work in progress. The present review majorly focuses on the advances made in the NCC preparation field from biomass and waste cellulosic materials in last three years (2016 - till date). Collaborative efforts between chemical engineers and research scientists are crucial for the success of this really amazing nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India.
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21
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Cao L, Yu IKM, Liu Y, Ruan X, Tsang DCW, Hunt AJ, Ok YS, Song H, Zhang S. Lignin valorization for the production of renewable chemicals: State-of-the-art review and future prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:465-475. [PMID: 30146182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant biomass resource in aromatic structure with a low price in market, which can serve as renewable precursors of value-added products. However, valorization rate of annually produced lignin is less than 2%, suggesting the need for technological advancement to capitalize lignin as a versatile feedstock. In recent years, efficient utilization of lignin has attracted wide attention. This paper summarizes the research advances in the utilization of lignin resources (mainly in the last three years), with a particular emphasis on two major approaches of lignin utilization: catalytic degradation into aromatics and thermochemical treatment for carbon material production. Hydrogenolysis, direct pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization of lignin are discussed in detail. Based on this critical review, future research directions and development prospects are proposed for sustainable and cost-effective lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Iris K M Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaoyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ruan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Cheng B, Wang X, Lin Q, Zhang X, Meng L, Sun RC, Xin F, Ren J. New Understandings of the Relationship and Initial Formation Mechanism for Pseudo-lignin, Humins, and Acid-Induced Hydrothermal Carbon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11981-11989. [PMID: 30376319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of pseudo-lignin as byproduct during the lignocellulose acidic pretreatment has been proposed for many years. However, the detailed formation mechanism is still unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding in the initial reaction during the formation of humins (byproducts in furfural production) and acid-induced hydrothermal carbon (carbon material). In this work, the initial formation of these three substances were investigated. We first found the common feature of their formation process was that carbohydrate-hydrolyzed compounds could form black polymers by condensing in acidic media, but the difference was dependent on the reaction degree. Furthermore, the results revealed that oxidation was an accelerator for condensations during producing black polymers because oxidized compounds could enhance the acidity of the reaction system. However, condensations of oxidized compounds were more difficult to proceed. Meanwhile, during the initial stage, the dominating pathway was that furfural condensed with itself and isomerized xylose via aldol-condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banggui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Qixuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Center for Lignocellulose Science and Engineering, and Liaoning Key Laboratory Pulp and Paper Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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23
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Abstract
Chemocatalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals has attracted global interest in order to build up sustainable societies. Cellulose, the first most abundant constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, has received extensive attention for its comprehensive utilization of resource, such as its catalytic conversion into high value-added chemicals and fuels (e.g., HMF, DMF, and isosorbide). However, the low reactivity of cellulose has prevented its use in chemical industry due to stable chemical structure and poor solubility in common solvents over the cellulose. Recently, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of cellulose has been expected to overcome this issue, because various types of pretreatment and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts can be designed and applied in a wide range of reaction conditions. In this review, we show the present situation and perspective of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the direct conversion of cellulose into useful platform chemicals.
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24
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Yu HT, Chen BY, Li BY, Tseng MC, Han CC, Shyu SG. Efficient pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with high recovery of solid lignin and fermentable sugars using Fenton reaction in a mixed solvent. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:287. [PMID: 30377446 PMCID: PMC6195684 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment of biomass to maximize the recovery of fermentable sugars as well as to minimize the amount of enzyme inhibitors formed during the pretreatment is a challenge in biofuel process. We develop a modified Fenton pretreatment in a mixed solvent (water/DMSO) to combine the advantages of organosolv and Fenton pretreatments. The hemicellulose and cellulose in corncob were effectively degraded into xylose, glucose, and soluble glucose oligomers in a few hours. This saccharide solution, separated from the solid lignin simply by filtration, can be directly applied to the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. RESULTS After the pretreatment, 94% carbohydrates were recovered as soluble monosaccharide (xylose and glucose) and glucose oligomers in the filtrates, and 87% of solid lignin was recovered as the filter residue. The filtrates were directly applied to enzymatic hydrolysis, and 92% of raw corncob glucose was recovered. The hydrolysates containing the glucose and xylose from the enzymatic hydrolysis were directly applied to ethanol fermentation with ethanol yield equals 79% of theoretical yield. The pretreatment conditions (130 °C, 1.5 bar; 30 min to 4 h) are mild, and the pretreatment reagents (H2O2, FeCl3, and solvent) had low impact to environment. Using ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 resulted in similar pretreatment efficiency and Fe3O4 could be removed by filtration. CONCLUSIONS A modified Fenton pretreatment of corncob in DMSO/water was developed. Up to 94% of the carbohydrate content of corncob was recovered as a saccharide solution simply by filtration. Such filtrate was directly applied to the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and where 92% of the corncob glucose content was obtained. The hydrolysate so obtained was directly applied to ethanol fermentation with good fermentability. The pretreatment method is simple, and the additives and solvents used have a low impact to the environment. This method provides the opportunity to substantially maximize the carbohydrate and solid lignin recovery of biomass with a comparatively green process, such that the efficiency of biorefinery as well as the bioethanol production process can be improved. The pretreatment is still relatively energy intensive and expensive, and further optimization of the process is required in large-scale operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Tse Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yu Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yi Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Han
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Shin-Guang Shyu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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