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Shah HH, Amin M, Pepe F, Tregambi C. Sustainable waste management and waste-to-energy in the context of a circular economy through various waste management technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33223-y. [PMID: 38589589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Inappropriate waste management is a considerable ecological risk, leading to detrimental effects on the soil, air, and water quality. It is imperative to address these concerns promptly to minimize the repercussions of solid waste on public health and the ecosystem. It is evident that the level of economic growth directly impacts waste generation. This study intends to use the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique to evaluate the environmental impacts of four alternative municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios in Peshawar City, Pakistan. The goal is to discover an option that is both sustainable and minimizes environmental damage. The study examined the system boundaries encompassing the collection and transportation of MSW, along with its processing and final disposal, employing composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), material recovery facilities (MRF), and landfill methods. Comprehensive field studies and an in-depth literature review provided the data regarding Peshawar's existing MSW management system and the proposed scenarios, all of which was inventoried in the OpenLCA 1.10.3 database. Following data collection, the CML-IA technique was employed to analyze the data, measuring the environmental footprint in terms of climate change potential, human toxicity, acidification potential, photochemical oxidation, and eutrophication. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the influence of varying recycling rates on the environmental strain correlated with the proposed scenarios. The analysis results indicated that scenario S2, which combined composting, landfilling, and MRF, exhibited the least environmental impact compared to the other considered scenarios. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis reflected an inverse correlation between alterations in the recycling rate and the total environmental impact. To counter the environmental problems arising from waste generation, it is essential to incorporate principles of the circular economy into the MSW management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Hussain Shah
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Piazza Roma 21, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Piazza Roma 21, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Claudio Tregambi
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Piazza Roma 21, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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2
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Ogugua PC, Su H, Tu Y, Wang E. Synergistic consideration of co-treatment of sewage sludge, low-rank coal, and straw for sustainable resource utilization and enhanced energy efficiency: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24788-24814. [PMID: 38526717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the imperative necessity for coupling the utilization of low-rank coal, sewage sludge, and straw. It studies the challenges and limitations of individual utilization methods, addressing the unique hurdles associated with feedstocks. It focused on achieving integrated and sustainable resource management, emphasizing efficient resource utilization, waste minimization, and environmental impact reduction. The investigation extends to the intricate details of reaction processes in co-processing, with a specific emphasis on the drying of raw materials to enhance combustion characteristics. The molding and preparation of feedstock are dissected, encompassing raw material selection, mixing, and the crucial addition of additives and binders. The proportions and homogenization of these feedstocks are intricately examined for uniformity and effectiveness. Furthermore, it presents theoretical approaches for investigating the co-combustion of these diverse feedstocks, contributing a solid foundation for future studies in this dynamic field. The findings presented in it offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking sustainable solutions in the co-disposal technology of these feedstocks. Therefore, it provides a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities in coupling the utilization of these selected feedstocks. By addressing individual limitations and emphasizing integrated resource management, the article establishes the groundwork for sustainable and efficient co-processing practices. The exploration of reaction processes gives a comprehensive framework for future research and application in the field of co-combustion technology. The insights gleaned from this study contribute significantly to advancing knowledge in the sustainable utilization of diverse feedstocks, guiding efforts towards environmentally responsible and resource-efficient practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chinonso Ogugua
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huihui Su
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanyang Tu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Enlu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Okopi SI, Wang J, Liang W, Kong W, Hu Y, Cui J, Guo X, Zhao W, Che L, Gu Z, Xu F. Experimental study and techno-economic analysis of co-processing system for treatment of food waste with various impurities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130020. [PMID: 37979882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed a co-processing system segregating food waste (FW) with different impurities into liquid (slurry) and solid fractions and treated using anaerobic digestion (AD) and pyrolysis (Py), respectively, which is defined as ADCo-Py. Biomethane potential tests showed higher methane yield from the FW slurry fraction (572.88 mL/gVSFW) compared to the whole FW (294.37 mL/gVSFW). Pyrolyzing the FW solid fraction reduced nitrogen compounds in bio-oil by 62 % compared to the whole FW. The energy balance and economic feasibility of ADCo-Py were compared with stand-alone AD, Py, and AD integrated with incineration (ADCo-INC). While all systems required extra energy, stand-alone Py and ADCo-INC needed 3.8 and 2.8 times more energy than ADCo-Py, respectively. Techno-economic analysis favored ADCo-Py, with a net present value (NPV) of $15 million and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 34 %. These findings highlighted FW separation as a promising approach, aligning with energy and economic goals in sustainable FW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Inalegwu Okopi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Wen Liang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Wenzhuo Kong
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jiahao Cui
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xinyang Guo
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Lei Che
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; College of Engineering, Huzhou Normal University, No. 759, East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China; Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Zhaolin Gu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Fuqing Xu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Zhejiang Eco Environmental Technology Co. LTD, Huzhou 313000, PR China.
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4
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Wu S, Wang Q, Fang M, Wu D, Cui D, Pan S, Bai J, Xu F, Wang Z. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165327. [PMID: 37419347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, food waste (FW) has become one of the most important organic solid wastes worldwide. Owing to the high moisture content of FW, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology that can directly utilize the moisture in FW as the reaction medium, is widely used. Under mild reaction conditions and short treatment cycle, this technology can effectively and stably convert high-moisture FW into environmentally friendly hydrochar fuel. In view of the importance of this topic, this study comprehensively reviews the research progress of HTC of FW for biofuel synthesis, and critically summarizes the process parameters, carbonization mechanism, and clean applications. Physicochemical properties and micromorphological evolution of hydrochar, hydrothermal chemical reactions of each model component, and potential risks of hydrochar as a fuel are highlighted. Furthermore, carbonization mechanism of the HTC treatment process of FW and the granulation mechanism of hydrochar are systematically reviewed. Finally, potential risks and knowledge gaps in the synthesis of hydrochar from FW are presented and new coupling technologies are pointed out, highlighting the challenges and prospects of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Minghui Fang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Da Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jingru Bai
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Faxing Xu
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhenye Wang
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China
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5
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Li Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Ye Z, Lyu R. Multi-omics analysis unravels effects of salt and oil on substance transformation, microbial community, and transcriptional activity in food waste anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129684. [PMID: 37586433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, through quantitative detection of key substances and enzyme activities, an integrated analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and metatranscriptomics revealed the mechanisms by which salt and oil influence the biotransformation process during anaerobic digestion (AD). The results demonstrated that a salt concentration of 6 g/L promoted lipid metabolism and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, while inhibiting the acetoclastic pathway. An oil concentration of 5 g/L facilitated the expression of key enzyme-encoding genes involved in β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, transcription, and acetoclastic methanogenesis. It also promoted the enrichment of syntrophic propionate/butyrate oxidation bacteria (Syntrophomonas and DMER64). Salt/oil co-addition enhanced the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, organic acid synthesis, and quorum sensing. Furthermore, salt/oil co-addition inhibited the secretion of key enzymes related to methanogens by impeding the transcription process. Collectively, these findings provide systematic insights into how salt and oil affect the biochemical metabolic mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzeng Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhilong Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruoshui Lyu
- Shanghai Guanghua Qidi College, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Su X, He J, Khan MA, Chang K, Liu Y, Guo G, Li X, Jin F, Kuang M, Gouda S, Huang Q. Potential Application Performance of Hydrochar from Kitchen Waste: Effects of Salt, Oil, Moisture, and pH. TOXICS 2023; 11:679. [PMID: 37624184 PMCID: PMC10459985 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The surge in kitchen waste production is causing food-borne disease epidemics and is a public health threat worldwide. Additionally, the effectiveness of conventional treatment approaches may be hampered by KW's high moisture, salt, and oil content. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising new technology to convert waste biomass into environmentally beneficial derivatives. This study used simulated KW to determine the efficacy of hydrothermal derivatives (hydrochar) with different salt and oil content, pH value, and solid-liquid ratio for the removal of cadmium (Cd) from water and identify their high heating value (HHV). The findings revealed that the kitchen waste hydrochar (KWHC) yield decreased with increasing oil content. When the water content in the hydrothermal system increased by 90%, the yield of KWHC decreased by 65.85%. The adsorption capacity of KWHC remained stable at different salinities. The KWHC produced in the acidic environment increases the removal efficiency of KWHC for Cd. The raw material was effectively transformed into a maximum HHV (30.01 MJ/kg). HTC is an effective and secure method for the resource utilization of KW based on the adsorption capacity and combustion characteristic indices of KWHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Su
- School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jizu He
- School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | | | - Kenlin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Public Health, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Genmao Guo
- School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Hainan Inspection and Detection Center for Modern Agriculture, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Fangming Jin
- School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Meijuan Kuang
- Hainan Pujin Environmental Engineeering, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Shaban Gouda
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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7
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Liu J, Shen Y, Ding J, Luo W, Zhou H, Cheng H, Wang H, Zhang X, Wang J, Xu P, Cheng Q, Ma S, Chen K. High oil content inhibits humification in food waste composting by affecting microbial community succession and organic matter degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128832. [PMID: 36889602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective technology to realize resource utilization of food waste in rural China. However, high oil content in food waste limits composting humification. This study investigated the effects of blended plant oil addition at different proportions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) on the humification of food waste composting. Oil addition at 10%-20% enhanced lignocellulose degradation by 16.6%-20.8% and promoted humus formation. In contrast, the high proportion of oil (30%) decreased the pH, increased the electrical conductivity, and reduced the seed germination index to 64.9%. High-throughput sequencing showed that high oil inhibited the growth and reproduction of bacteria (Bacillus, Fodinicurvataceae, and Methylococcaceae) and fungi (Aspergillus), attenuated their interaction, thus, reducing the conversion of organic matter, such as lignocellulose, fat, and total sugar, to humus, consequently leading to negative impacts on composting humification. The results can guide composting parameter optimization and improve effective management of rural food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Hongsheng Cheng
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Qiongyi Cheng
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
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8
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Hydrothermal Conversion of Food Waste to Carbonaceous Solid Fuel-A Review of Recent Developments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244036. [PMID: 36553775 PMCID: PMC9778180 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review critically discussed recent developments in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of food waste and its valorization to solid fuel. Food waste properties and fundamentals of the HTC reactor were also covered. The review further discussed the effect of temperature, contact time, pressure, water-biomass ratio, and heating rate on the HTC of food waste on the physiochemical properties of hydrochar. Literature review of the properties of the hydrochar produced from food waste in different studies shows that it possesses elemental, proximate, and energy properties that are comparable to sub-bituminous coal and may be used directly as fuel or co-combusted with coal. This work conclusively identified the existing research gaps and provided recommendation for future investigations.
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9
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Zhang X, Qin Q, Sun X, Wang W. Hydrothermal treatment: An efficient food waste disposal technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:986705. [PMID: 36172524 PMCID: PMC9512071 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.986705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantities of food waste (FW) are increasing yearly. Proper disposal of FW is essential for reusing value-added products, environmental protection, and human health. Based on the typical characteristics of high moisture content and high organic content of FW, hydrothermal treatment (HTT), as a novel thermochemical treatment technology, plays unique effects in the disposal and utilization of FW. The HTT of FW has attracted more and more attention in recent years, however, there are few conclusive reviews about the progress of the HTT of FW. HTT is an excellent approach to converting energy-rich materials into energy-dense fuels and valuable chemicals. This process can handle biomass with relatively high moisture content and allows efficient heat integration. This mini-review presents the current knowledge of recent advances in HTT of FW. The effects of HTT temperature and duration on organic nutritional compositions (including carbohydrates, starch, lipids, protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.) and physicochemical properties (including pH, elemental composition, functional groups, fuel properties, etc.) and structural properties of FW are evaluated. The compositions of FW can degrade during HTT so that the physical and chemical properties of FW can be changed. The application and economic analyses of HTT in FW are summarized. Finally, the analyses of challenges and future perspectives on HTT of FW have shown that industrial reactors should be built effectively, and techno-economic analysis, overall energy balance, and life cycle assessment of the HTT process are necessary. The mini-review offers new approaches and perspectives for the efficient reuse of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyan Zhang
| | - Qingyu Qin
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Xun Sun
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Haldar D, Shabbirahmed AM, Singhania RR, Chen CW, Dong CD, Ponnusamy VK, Patel AK. Understanding the management of household food waste and its engineering for sustainable valorization- A state-of-the-art review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127390. [PMID: 35636679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased urbanization and industrialization accelerated demand for energy, large-scale waste output, and negative environmental consequences. Therefore, the implementation of an effective solid-waste-management (SWM) policy for the handling of food waste is of great importance. The global food waste generation is estimated at about 1.6 gigatons/yr which attributes to an economic revenue of 750 billion USD. It can be converted into high-value enzymes, surfactants, Poly-hydroxybutyrate, biofuels, etc. However, the heterogeneous composition of food with high organic load and varying moisture content makes their transformation into value-added products difficult. This review aims to bring forth the possibilities and repercussions of food waste management. The socio-economic challenges related to SWM are comprehensively discussed particularly in terms of environmental concern. The engineering aspect in the collection, storage, and biotransformation of food waste into useful value-added products such as biofuels, advanced biomaterials, bioactive compounds, and platform chemicals are critically reviewed for efficient food waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | | | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry & Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India.
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11
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Scrinzi D, Bona D, Denaro A, Silvestri S, Andreottola G, Fiori L. Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 1. production and chemical characterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114688. [PMID: 35180435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The best available technique (BAT) for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is represented by anaerobic digestion (AD) and subsequent composting. This research explored a new industrial model in the framework of the C2Land international project, with the insertion of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a post-treatment for OFMSW digestate. The reaction was set for 3 h at three different temperatures (180 ÷ 220 °C); the wet solid hydrochar obtained after filtration was then co-composted with greenery waste as a bulking agent and untreated OFMSW digestate in four different proportions in bench-scale bioreactors. The hydrochars and the hydrochar co-composts were suitable for agro-industrial applications, while the HTC liquors were tested in biochemical methane potential (BMP) for internal recirculation to AD. The scenarios proposed can be beneficial for plant enhancement and increased biogas production. This study reports results connected to the production phase. Mass balances confirmed that, during HTC, phosphorus precipitated into the solid products, organic nitrogen partially mineralized into ammonium, and oxidizable organic matter solubilized. The selected hydrochar obtained at 200 °C had mean (dry) solid, liquid, and gaseous yields equal to 77, 20, and 3 %db, respectively. The dynamic respirometric index (DRI) confirmed that the reproduced BAT for the composting process was effective in producing high-quality hydrochar co-composts in terms of biological stability. The BMP tests on HTC liquors showed some inhibitory effects, suggesting the need for future studies with inoculum adaptation and co-digestion, to dilute toxic compounds and enhance biogas production. Part 2 of this study describes the agro-environmental properties of hydrochars and hydrochar co-composts, including the beneficial effect of composting on hydrochars phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Scrinzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniela Bona
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environmental, Energy and Livestock Resources Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Denaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Silvestri
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environmental, Energy and Livestock Resources Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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12
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Shiyan G, Wenyi Z, Huige X, Ruji W, Jiyang S, Min Z, Yi L. The effect of anaerobic co-fermentation on acidification performance of food waste and cardboard waste. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:839-850. [PMID: 35166704 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fermentation system with high solid materials for food waste (FW) is uneven in nutrition and easy to produce volatile acid accumulation, which causes the reaction system to acidify and affects the normal operation of fermentation. This study evaluated the effect of the co-substrate percentages (FW:CB = 9:1, FW:CB = 8:2, FW:CB = 7:3) and the initial total solid contents (12%, 15%, 18%) on the co-fermentation acidification performance of FW and cardboard waste (CB). The maximum methane production was obtained when mono-fermenting FW had high solids contents (1.4 L/kg). The methane production increased and then decreased with the increasing percentages of CB. Under the conditions of FW:CB = 8:2, the maximum methane production could reach 3.4 L/kg. The lower methane production (1.8 - 2.5 L/kg) with high percentages of CB (FW:CB = 7:3) was translated into higher yields of caproic acid (up to 26%), which indicated that lower percentages of CB had a stabilization effect due to the higher buffering capacities in co-fermentation. As a result, this study demonstrated new possibilities for using CB percentages to control the production of high added-value biogas in dry co-fermentation of FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Shiyan
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Zhang Wenyi
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Xing Huige
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Wang Ruji
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Sun Jiyang
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Zhang Min
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
| | - Li Yi
- School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China E-mail:
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13
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Effects of Lipase Addition, Hydrothermal Processing, Their Combination, and Co-Digestion with Crude Glycerol on Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To enhance anaerobic fermentation during food waste (FW) digestion, pretreatments can be applied or the FW can be co-digested with other waste. In this study, lipase addition (LA), hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP), and a combination of both methods (HL) were applied to hydrolyze organic matter in FW. Furthermore, the effects of crude glycerol (CG), which provided 5%, 10%, and 15% of the volatile solids (VS) as co-substrate (denoted as CG5, CG10, and CG15, respectively), on the anaerobic digestion of FW were assessed. With an increasing proportion of CG in the co-digestion experiment, CG10 showed higher methane production, while CG15 negatively affected the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance owing to propionic acid accumulation acidifying the reactors and inhibiting methanogen growth. As the pretreatments partially decomposed hard-to-degrade substances in advance, pretreated FW showed a stronger methane production ability compared with raw FW, especially using the HL method, which was significantly better than co-digestion. HL pretreatment was shown to be a promising option for enhancing the methane potential value (1.773 NL CH4/g VS) according to the modified Gompertz model.
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Ke X, Sun JC, Liu C, Ying JM, Zou SP, Xue YP, Zheng YG. Fed-in-situ biological reduction treatment of food waste via high-temperature-resistant oil degrading microbial consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125635. [PMID: 34339998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to construct a high-temperature-resistant microbial consortium to effectively degrade oily food waste by Fed-in-situ biological reduction treatment (FBRT). Oil degrading bacteria were screened under thermophilic conditions of mineral salt medium with increased oil content. The oil degradation and emulsification ability of each stain was evaluated and their synergetic improvement was further confirmed. Consortium of Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sonorensis and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was selected and applicated as bacterial agents in FBRT under 55 °C. Changes in pH, moisture, bacterial community and key components of food waste were monitored for 5 days during processing. Facilitated by the bacterial consortium, FBRT gave superior total mass reduction (86.61 ± 0.58% vs. 67.25 ± 1.63%) and non-volatile solids reduction (65.91 ± 1.53% vs. 28.53 ± 2.29%) compared with negative control, the feasibility and efficiency of present FBRT providing a promising in-situ disposal strategy for rapid reduction of oily food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jia-Cheng Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jia-Min Ying
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shu-Ping Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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15
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Wang Q, Yu F, Zhang M, Miao C, Zhang S, Zhu X. CO 2 dual roles in food scraps-derived biochar activation to enhance lead adsorption capacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147218. [PMID: 34088026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Driven by China's waste classification system, the recycling of food scraps is a work of great importance. The carbonate (CO32-) and phosphate (PO43-) in food scraps indicate that its derived biochar can be a good candidate for Pb immobilization. In the current study, Pb2+ adsorption sites (CO32- and PO43-) of biochar were adjusted by carrier gas atmosphere and activation temperature. Results indicate that CO2 has dual roles in activation of food scraps-derived biochar. CO2 can not only inhibit the decomposition of CO32- but also increase the content of PO43- via consuming aromatic carbon combined with phosphorus at high temperature (>600 °C). Thus, the biochar prepared at 700 °C and CO2 atmosphere has more adsorption sites, resulting in an outstanding Pb adsorption capacity (up to 555.6 mg/g) via coprecipitation mechanisms. As-prepared biochar sample also can be prepared to a hydrogel with a remarkable mechanic strength. But biochar hydrogel decreases Pb adsorption capacity to 104.2 mg/g due to the pore blocking effect. Life cycle assessment illustrates that the scene of food scraps activated by CO2 has lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Primary Energy Demand (PED). Therefore, current research provides a high-efficiency method for treatment of food scraps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fengbo Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | | | | | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Technology Service Platform Pollution Control & Recovery, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Technology Service Platform Pollution Control & Recovery, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Jin C, Sun S, Yang D, Sheng W, Ma Y, He W, Li G. Anaerobic digestion: An alternative resource treatment option for food waste in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146397. [PMID: 33743457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the implementation of zero-waste city and waste classification in China, a large amount of food waste (FW) began to appear in concentration, and there was an urgent requirement for appropriate and efficient treatment technology. Traditional FW disposal methods (landfill and incineration) could cause several environmental problems, so resource recycling has become the main development trend of FW in China. In recent years, anaerobic digestion (AD) technology for FW resource treatment has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as the ability to obtain clean energy, low carbon emissions, and suitability for large-scale treatment compared with other recycling technologies (composting, feed, and breeding insects). Chinese policy is conducive to the development of AD for FW, which has the potential to produce methane and achieve economic and environmental benefits. This paper presents an overview of the researches, application situations, and perspectives for the AD of FW resource treatment in China. The bibliometric analysis shows that China has the most interest in the AD of FW compared to other countries, and the amount and characteristics analysis of FW indicates that FW is suitable for treatment by AD. At the same time, this review analyzes the influence factors, methods to promote AD, working mechanism, secondary pollution of AD. Besides, the article introduces and analyzes the current policies, application status, economic and environmental benefits, and problems of AD for FW resource treatment in China. AD is considered as an alternative resource treatment technology for FW, although there are still several problems such as odors, digestate, etc. In the future, China should focus on the reform of management policy, the implementation of the AD circular economy model, and the research of the biorefinery model based on AD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dianhai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Weijie Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Shanghai Ecoacell Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Wenzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Guangming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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17
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lv M, Zhu S, Qian T, Fan B. Energy recovery potential in coupling of sanitation and agriculture: Techno-economic analysis on resource-oriented sanitation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:141-151. [PMID: 33756114 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of sanitation system and agriculture production is essential to mitigate the environmental burden and offset unsustainable fertilizer utilization by employing resource-oriented sanitation. Yet, the economic feasibility and energy recovery potential from domestic waste have rarely been investigated. To assess four scenarios (whether with kitchen waste separation; whether with energy recovery) in the resource-oriented sanitation system, an integrated assessment framework based on energy analysis and techno-economic analysis is employed to investigate the comprehensive sanitation system including both wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal. The results show that energy recovery from human excreta and kitchen waste can offset the energy consumption of the sanitation system and the energy surplus can even be 1067.70 kJ·PE-1·day-1. The optimum covering range of the regional recovery center was quantified from the balance between scale effect and spatial distribution, and the serving inhabitants need to be more than 2800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Xu
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghuan Lv
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shikun Zhu
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bin Fan
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Zhong Q, Wang L, Cui S. Urban Food Systems: A Bibliometric Review from 1991 to 2020. Foods 2021; 10:662. [PMID: 33808855 PMCID: PMC8003750 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of urbanization is affecting the urban food system (UFS) in many areas, primarily production, processing, and consumption. The upgrading of the urban food consumption structure not only puts forward higher food production requirements, but also poses a challenge to resource consumption and technological innovation. Considerable case or review studies have been conducted on UFS, but there is no bibliometric review attempting to provide an objective and comprehensive analysis of the existing articles. In this study, we selected 5360 research publications from the core Web of Science collection from 1991 to 2020, analyzing contributions of countries, institutions, and journals. In addition, based on keyword co-occurrence and clustering analyses, we evaluated the research hotspots of UFS. The results show that global research interest in UFS has increased significantly during these three decades. The USA, China, and the UK are the countries with the highest output and closest collaborations. UFS research involves multiple subject categories, with environmental disciplines becoming mainstream. Food security, food consumption, and food waste are the three main research areas. We suggest that food sustainability and resilience, food innovation, and comparative studies between cities should be given more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
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Bevan E, Fu J, Luberti M, Zheng Y. Challenges and opportunities of hydrothermal carbonisation in the UK; case study in Chirnside. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34870-34897. [PMID: 35494736 PMCID: PMC9042953 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest research and development in hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) processes are reviewed and the feasibility of application to small towns in the UK is assessed. The HTC process designed in this report is theoretically evaluated for the biodegradable municipal waste and sewage waste produced by the small town of Chirnside, in the Scottish Borders. Calculation of mass and energy balances of the process are carried out alongside the evaluation of challenges and environmental, social and economic opportunities presented. The hypothetical HTC plant is capable of processing 267.14 t per year of food waste and 105.12 t per year of faecal sludge produced by Chirnsides estimated 2250 residents in 2041. The plant would be capable of producing 99.08 t per year of hydrochar with an estimated total energy content of 540.26 MWh per year. When used in a Biomass Combined Heat and Power Plant, the hydrochar would be capable of supplying Chirnsides residents with 0.71% and 3.43% of its domestic thermal energy demand and domestic electrical energy demand in 2041, respectively. Both the expected opportunities and challenges for the application of HTC are discussed, shedding light on the associated research in regards to this sustainable technology. The latest research and development in hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) processes are reviewed and the feasibility of application to small towns in the UK is assessed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Bevan
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Jile Fu
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Mauro Luberti
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Ying Zheng
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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20
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Langone M, Basso D. Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186618. [PMID: 32932884 PMCID: PMC7558124 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an innovative process capable of converting wet biodegradable residues into value-added materials, such as hydrochar. HTC has been studied for decades, however, a lack of detailed information on the production and composition of the process water has been highlighted by several authors. In this paper the state of the art of the knowledge on this by-product is analyzed, with attention to HTC applied to municipal and agro-industrial anaerobic digestion digestate. The chemical and physical characteristics of the process water obtained at different HTC conditions are compared along with pH, color, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals and toxic compounds. The possibility of recovering nutrients and other valorization pathways is analyzed and technical feasibility constraints are reported. Finally, the paper describes the main companies which are investing actively in proposing HTC technology towards improving an effective process water valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Langone
- Laboratory of Technologies for the efficient use and management of water and wastewater, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Zhang J, Zhang R, He Q, Ji B, Wang H, Yang K. Adaptation to salinity: Response of biogas production and microbial communities in anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste to salinity stress. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Liu X, Zhai Y, Li S, Wang B, Wang T, Liu Y, Qiu Z, Li C. Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge: Effect of feed-water pH on hydrochar's physicochemical properties, organic component and thermal behavior. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122084. [PMID: 31972434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge(SS) was carried out at a temperature of 270℃ and a resulting pressure of 7-9 MPa with 2 h. The effect of feed water pH values in the range of 2-12 on hydrochar characteristics, organic component and thermal behavior was evaluated. The result shows that with the pH value increasing, ash content shows a trend of decline, and organic components in the hydrochar become significantly simpler than SS. hydrochar is more beneficial to produce a fatty substance during an acidic environment and alkaline environments favor the formation of N-containing organic compounds and ketone organics, especially in strongly alkaline environments. Compared to the SS, hydrochar burning interval shortened 100℃ and the combustion of hydrochar is more durable. Considering the organic composition and combustion performance of hydrochar, it is found that the hydrochar prepared under 270-5 condition has the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhenzi Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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23
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Choe U, Mustafa AM, Lin H, Choe U, Sheng K. Anaerobic co-digestion of fish processing waste with a liquid fraction of hydrothermal carbonization of bamboo residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122542. [PMID: 31830720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different mixing ratios of fish processing waste (FPW) with a liquid fraction (LF) of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of bamboo residues on biogas and methane yield was investigated. The different mixing ratios (FPW + LF) and HTC temperature (200-280 °C) had significant effects on biogas and methane production. The anaerobic co-digestion of the various mixing ratio of FPW and LF of bamboo residues did not enhance the methane yield compared to the AD of FPW alone. However, a mixture of 75FPW + 25LF(2 2 0) presented a comparable methane production (133 mL/g VS) to that achieved with 100FPW (142 mL/g VS), which represents an increase of only 6.4%. The ratio of 75FPW + 25LF(2 2 0) increased the biogas yield by 81% compared to the control group of 100LF(2 2 0). The mixing ratio of 75 FPW + 25LF(2 2 0) did not require clean water input to dilute FPW for biogas production and can be a practical waste management method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ungyong Choe
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Yusheng Scientist Road, Unjong District, Pyongyang 00850, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hongjian Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ungho Choe
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Yusheng Scientist Road, Unjong District, Pyongyang 00850, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Kuichuan Sheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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24
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Zou H, Jiang Q, Zhu R, Chen Y, Sun T, Li M, Zhai J, Shi D, Ai H, Gu L, He Q. Enhanced hydrolysis of lignocellulose in corn cob by using food waste pretreatment to improve anaerobic digestion performance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109830. [PMID: 31733477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to enhance hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion of corn cob (CC) by using food waste (FW) pretreatment. FW, which tends to be acidification in fermentation, was applied in this process as an acid-like agent to accelerate lignocellulose hydrolysis, aiming to promote methane yield in further digestion process. The effect of FW pretreatment on pH, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), cellulose/hemicellulose contents and cellulose crystallinity are specially focused. FW:CC = 1:3 based on volatile solid (VS) was found to be the optimal mixing ratio in pretreatment and its hydrolysis efficiency was 28% higher than the control group. An increase of 13.2% in cellulose reduction and a decrease of 6.7% in cellulose crystallinity was achieved at this ratio. Supplementation of FW increased VFA concentrations in slurry mixture that directly change the activities of enzymes and microorganisms. In the stage of methane production, the digester A3 (FW:CC = 1:6 based on VS) with higher hydrolysis efficiency presented the best performance in methane production with a specific methane yield of 401.6 mL/g·VS, due to the recovery of the pH in this digester to the optimal pH range for methanogens' metabolism (pH 6.3-7.2). Kinetics studies of cellulose/hemicellulose degradation indicated that the pretreatment of FW could improve the degradation of cellulose. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3DEEM) results further confirmed that FW play an important role in lignocellulose hydrolysis. In addition, variations of lignocellulosic textures during the pretreatment were also cleared by using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Zou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Ruilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Tong Sun
- General Research Institute of Architecture & Planning Design Co. LTD., Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Mingxing Li
- General Research Institute of Architecture & Planning Design Co. LTD., Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jun Zhai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Dezhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environments, Ministry of Education, Institute of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Road, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
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25
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Bevan E, Fu J, Zheng Y. Challenges and opportunities of hydrothermal carbonisation in the UK; case study in Chirnside. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31586-31610. [PMID: 35520654 PMCID: PMC9056396 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization: a great technology converting biomass waste to energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Bevan
- Institute for Materials and Processes
- School of Engineering
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Jile Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Western University
- London
- Canada
| | - Ying Zheng
- Institute for Materials and Processes
- School of Engineering
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
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26
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Ma X, Yu M, Yang M, Gao M, Wu C, Wang Q. Synergistic effect from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and Sophora flavescens residues at different co-substrate ratios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:37114-37124. [PMID: 31745798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When food waste (FW) undergoes anaerobic digestion, the hydrolysis rate is rapid, and thus causes system instability. Sophora flavescens residues (SFRs) are rich in complex hydrolysed substances, such as lignocellulosic material. When combined FW and SFRs can effectively improve the stability of digestion systems and increase biogas yields. In this work, batch anaerobic experiments were conducted at different co-substrate ratios to investigate the performance of co-digestion and the synergistic effect of FW and SFRs. The co-digestion of the two substrates exerted synergistic effects on biogas production and the highest synergy was 120.8%. After digestion, the ratio of hydrolysed chemical oxygen demand (COD) to the entire COD (RCODH) of the co-digestion group was 1.08 times that of the single FW group, which indicated the co-digestion promoted the hydrolysis of substrates. Moreover, the hydrolysis rate constant (kh) of co-digestion group increased by 4.10 times in comparison with that of the single FW group, which indicated the co-digestion increased the hydrolysis rate. In other words, the synergistic effect mainly occurred in the hydrolysis acidification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin, 301830, China.
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27
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Comparative production of biochars from corn stalk and cow manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121855. [PMID: 31357042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to compare corn stalk (CS) and cow manure (CM) for hydrochar production at different reaction temperatures (180-260 °C) and retention times (1-4 h). CM and CS resulted in hydrochars with significantly different physicochemical properties; however, both led to similar yields (30-65%). CM-derived hydrochar had a lower carbon content but a higher nitrogen and ash content than CS-derived hydrochar. CM-derived hydrochar demonstrated potential as a soil amendment due to its higher content of nitrogen, the presence of surface functional groups and higher specific surface area in comparison to CS-derived hydrochar. In comparison, CS-derived hydrochar demonstrated suitability as a solid fuel due to its high heating value and low ignition temperature. This study revealed that the composition of lignocellulose significantly impacted the properties and thus potential applications of hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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28
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Chemically Enhanced Primary Sludge as an Anaerobic Co-Digestion Additive for Biogas Production from Food Waste. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome process instability and buffer deficiency in the anaerobic digestion of mono food waste (FW), chemically enhanced primary sludge (CEPS) was selected as a co-substrate for FW treatment. In this study, batch tests were conducted to study the effects of CEPS/FW ratios on anaerobic co-digestion (coAD) performances. Both soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and protease activity were decreased, with the CEPS/FW mass ratio increasing from 0:5 to 5:0. However, it was also found that the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was eliminated by increasing the CEPS/FW ratio, and that corresponding VFAs concentrations decreased from 13,872.97 to 1789.98 mg chemical oxygen demand per L (mg COD/L). In addition, the maximum value of cumulative biogas yield (446.39 mL per g volatile solids removal (mL/g VSsremoval)) was observed at a CEPS/FW ratio of 4:1, and that the tendency of coenzyme F420 activity was similar to biogas production. The mechanism analysis indicated that Fe-based CEPS relived the VFAs accumulation caused by FW, and Fe(III) induced by Fe-based CEPS enhanced the activity of F420. Therefore, the addition of Fe-based CEPS provided an alternative method for FW treatment.
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29
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Dye Adsorption and Electrical Property of Oxide-Loaded Carbon Fiber Made by Electrospinning and Hydrothermal Treatment. FIBERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fib7080074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our current study deals with the dye adsorption and electrical property of a partially carbonized composite fiber containing transition metal oxides including, iron oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium oxide. The fiber was made by electrospinning, carbonization, and hydrothermal treatment. During the electrospinning, titanium oxide particles were dispersed in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. Nickel chloride and iron nitrate were added into the solution to generate nickel oxide and iron oxide in the subsequent heat treatment processes. The polymer fiber was oxidized first at an elevated temperature of 250 °C to stabilize the structure of PAN. Then, we performed higher temperature heat treatment at 500 °C in a furnace with hydrogen gas protection to partially carbonize the polymer fiber. After that, the oxide-containing fiber was coated with activated carbon in a diluted sugar solution via hydrothermal carbonization at 200 °C for 8 h. The pressure reached 1.45 MPa in the reaction chamber. The obtained product was tested in view of the dye, Rhodamine B, adsorption using a Vis-UV spectrometer. Electrical property characterization was performed using an electrochemical work station. It was found that the hydrothermally treated oxide-containing fiber demonstrated obvious dye adsorption behavior. The visible light absorption intensity of the Rhodamine B dye decreased with the increase in the soaking time of the fiber in the dye solution. The impedance of the fiber was increased due to the hydrothermal carbonization treatment. We also found that charge build-up was faster at the surface of the specimen without the hydrothermally treated carbon layer. Electricity generation under visible light excitation is more intensive at the hydrothermally treated fiber than at the one without the hydrothermal treatment. This result is consistent with that obtained from the dye adsorption/decomposition test because the charge generation is more efficient at the surface of the hydrothermally treated fiber, which allows the dye to be decomposed faster by the treated fibers with activated carbon.
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30
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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Brewery’s Spent Grains for the Production of Solid Biofuels. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To make a beer there are four essential ingredients needed: water, malt, hops, and yeast. After brewing process, the main wastes are spent grains. These are often used as additions to fodders in animal husbandry. This study presents preliminary results of an investigation aiming to determine the feasibility of an alternative use of spent grains as a potential source of solid fuel. This source of energy could make breweries partly sustainable in terms of their energy supply. Such an approach may be feasible especially in large scale industrial breweries. This preliminary study presents encouraging results, showing improvements in terms of the fuel properties of the spent grain after its valorization through hydrothermal carbonization. Moreover, qualitative GC-MS analysis also indicates potential feasibility of the liquid byproduct of the hydrothermal carbonization of spent grain for biogas production. Results of proximate, ultimate, and DTG analyses show that hydrothermal carbonization of spent grain could improve its fuel properties and make it an especially suitable feedstock for fast pyrolysis and gasification. Improvement of HHV is also an improvement in terms of combustion.
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31
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Li Y, Liu H, Xiao K, Liu X, Hu H, Li X, Yao H. Correlations between the physicochemical properties of hydrochar and specific components of waste lettuce: Influence of moisture, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:482-488. [PMID: 30390541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to figure out the influence of moisture content and chemical constitution, i.e. carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, of waste lettuce on the physicochemical structure of hydrochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization. The experimental results showed that homogenized carbon material can be obtained by hydrothermal treatment, regardless of the moisture content of feedstock. During the hydrothermal carbonization process of waste lettuce, carbohydrates were the most active reactants contributing to hydrochar formation. Meanwhile, Maillard reaction between proteins and carbohydrates occurred, which promoted the aromatization of the organic intermediates and increased the relative content of nitrogenous heterocyclic functional groups on the surface of hydrochar from 10.7 to 18.7%. Different from these two constitution, lipids did not participate in the carbonization reaction, the main hydrolyzates of lipids were adsorbed to the surface of hydrochar, leading to an increase in the mass of solid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Kangxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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