1
|
Hussain A, Parveen F, Saxena A, Ashfaque M. A review of nanotechnology in enzyme cascade to address challenges in pre-treating biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132466. [PMID: 38761904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technique for improving the preliminary treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels. Traditional methods of pre-treatment have encountered difficulties in effectively degrading the intricate lignocellulosic composition, thereby impeding the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of enzyme cascade processes that present a potential solution for addressing the limitations. The focus of this review article is to delve into the utilization of nanotechnology in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass through enzyme cascade processes. The review commences with an analysis of the composition and structure of lignocellulosic biomass, followed by a discussion on the drawbacks associated with conventional pre-treatment techniques. The subsequent analysis explores the importance of efficient pre-treatment methods in the context of biofuel production. We thoroughly investigate the utilization of nanotechnology in the pre-treatment of enzyme cascades across three distinct sections. Nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, enhanced enzyme stability and activity through nanotechnology, and nanocarriers for controlled enzyme delivery. Moreover, the techniques used to analyse nanomaterials and the interactions between enzymes and nanomaterials are introduced. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehending the mechanisms underlying the synergy between nanotechnology and enzymes establishing sustainable and environmentally friendly nanotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hussain
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fouziya Parveen
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Saxena
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ashfaque
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav A, Sharma V, Tsai ML, Sharma D, Nargotra P, Chen CW, Sun PP, Dong CD. Synergistic microwave and acidic deep eutectic solvent-based pretreatment of Theobroma cacao pod husk biomass for xylooligosaccharides production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130702. [PMID: 38615968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into novel bioproducts is crucial for sustainable biorefineries, providing an integrated solution for circular economy objectives. The current study investigated a novel microwave-assisted acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment of waste cocoa pod husk (CPH) biomass to extract xylooligosaccharides (XOS). The sequential DES (choline chloride/citric acid, molar ratio 1:1) and microwave (450W) pretreatment of CPH biomass was effective in 67.3% xylan removal with a 52% XOS yield from total xylan. Among different XOS of varying degrees of polymerization, a higher xylobiose content corresponding to 69.3% of the total XOS (68.22 mg/g CPH) from liquid fraction was observed. Enzymatic hydrolysis of residual xylan from pretreated CPH biomass with low commercial xylanase (10 IU/g) concentration yielded 24.2% XOS. The MW-ChCl/citric acid synergistic pretreatment approach holds great promise for developing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method contributing to the sustainable production of XOS from agricultural waste streams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Yadav
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Ge-Zhang S, Wang Y, Mu H. A Wooden Carbon-Based Photocatalyst for Water Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4743. [PMID: 38731960 PMCID: PMC11083668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to a large number of harmful chemicals flowing into the water source in production and life, the water quality deteriorates, and the use value of water is reduced or lost. Biochar has a strong physical adsorption effect, but it can only separate pollutants from water and cannot eliminate pollutants fundamentally. Photocatalytic degradation technology using photocatalysts uses chemical methods to degrade or mineralize organic pollutants, but it is difficult to recover and reuse. Woody biomass has the advantages of huge reserves, convenient access and a low price. Processing woody biomass into biochar and then combining it with photocatalysts has played a complementary role. In this paper, the shortcomings of a photocatalyst and biochar in water treatment are introduced, respectively, and the advantages of a woody biochar-based photocatalyst made by combining them are summarized. The preparation and assembly methods of the woody biochar-based photocatalyst starting from the preparation of biochar are listed, and the water treatment efficiency of the woody biochar-based photocatalyst using different photocatalysts is listed. Finally, the future development of the woody biochar-based photocatalyst is summarized and prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongbo Mu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kong X, Gui Q, Liu H, Qian F, Wang P. Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Aryl Alcohol with a Novel Kosakonia radicincitans Isolate in Tween 20/L-carnitine: Lysine-Containing Synergistic Reaction System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1509-1526. [PMID: 37428385 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral trifluoromethyl alcohols as vital intermediates are of great interest in fine chemicals and especially in pharmaceutical synthesis. In this work, a novel isolate Kosakonia radicincitans ZJPH202011 was firstly employed as biocatalyst for the synthesis of (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol ((R)-BPFL) with good enantioselectivity. By optimizing fermentation conditions and bioreduction parameters in aqueous buffer system, the substrate concentration of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (BPFO) was doubled from 10 to 20 mM, and the enantiomeric excess (ee) value for (R)-BPFL increased from 88.8 to 96.4%. To improve biocatalytic efficiency by strengthening the mass-transfer rate, natural deep-eutectic solvents, surfactants and cyclodextrins (CDs) were introduced separately in the reaction system as cosolvent. Among them, L-carnitine: lysine (C: Lys, molar ratio 1:2), Tween 20 and γ-CD manifested higher (R)-BPFL yield compared with other same kind of cosolvents. Furthermore, based on the excellent performance of both Tween 20 and C: Lys (1:2) in enhancing BPFO solubility and ameliorating cell permeability, a Tween 20/C: Lys (1:2)-containing integrated reaction system was then established for efficient bioproduction of (R)-BPFL. After optimizing the critical factors involved in BPFO bioreduction in this synergistic reaction system, BPFO loading increased up to 45 mM and the yield reached 90.0% within 9 h, comparatively only 37.6% yield was acquired in neat aqueous buffer. This is the first report on K. radicincitans cells as new biocatalyst applied in (R)-BPFL preparation, and the developed Tween 20/C: Lys-containing synergistic reaction system has great potential for the synthesis of various chiral alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song G, Sun C, Madadi M, Dou S, Yan J, Huan H, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Sun F, Ashori A. Dual assistance of surfactants in glycerol organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130358. [PMID: 38253243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated an innovative strategy of incorporating surfactants into alkaline-catalyzed glycerol pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to improve lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) conversion efficiency. Results revealed that adding 40 mg/g PEG 4000 to the pretreatment at 195 °C obtained the highest glucose yield (84.6%). This yield was comparable to that achieved without surfactants at a higher temperature (240 °C), indicating a reduction of 18.8% in the required heat input. Subsequently, Triton X-100 addition during enzymatic hydrolysis of PEG 4000-assisted pretreated substrate increased glucose yields to 92.1% at 6 FPU/g enzyme loading. High-solid fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation using this dual surfactant strategy gave 56.4 g/L ethanol and a positive net energy gain of 1.4 MJ/kg. Significantly, dual assistance with surfactants rendered 56.3% enzyme cost savings compared to controls without surfactants. Therefore, the proposed surfactant dual-assisted promising approach opens the gateway to economically viable enzyme-mediated LCB biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meysam Madadi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Shaohua Dou
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Junshu Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailin Huan
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Alireza Ashori
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun W, Zhang Z, Li X, Lu X, Liu G, Qin Y, Zhao J, Qu Y. Production of single cell protein from brewer's spent grain through enzymatic saccharification and fermentation enhanced by ammoniation pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130242. [PMID: 38145760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a major low-value by-product of beer industry. To realize the high value application of BSG, this work proposed a strategy to produce single cell protein (SCP) with oligosaccharide prebiotics from BSG, via ammoniation pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. The optimum conditions of ammoniation pretreatment obtained by response surface method were 11 % ammonia dosage (w/w), 63 °C for 26 h. Suitable enzyme and yeast were screened to enhance the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in BSG into sugars and maximize the SCP yield. It was shown that using lignocellulolytic enzyme SP from Penicillium oxalicum and Trichosporon cutaneum, about 310 g of SCP with 80 g of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides were obtained from 1000 g of BSG. This process is low cost, high efficiency, and easy to implement, which has good industrial application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xianqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma V, Sharma D, Tsai ML, Ortizo RGG, Yadav A, Nargotra P, Chen CW, Sun PP, Dong CD. Insights into the recent advances of agro-industrial waste valorization for sustainable biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129829. [PMID: 37839650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a transition to a sustainable circular economy model that uses agro-industrial waste biomass waste to produce energy while reducing trash and greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an alternative option in the hunt for clean and renewable fuels. Different approaches are employed to transform the LCB to biogas, including pretreatment, anaerobic digestion (AD), and biogas upgradation to biomethane. To maintain process stability and improve AD performance, machine learning (ML) tools are being applied in real-time monitoring, predicting, and optimizing the biogas production process. An environmental life cycle assessment approach for biogas production systems is essential to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. The current review presents a detailed overview of the utilization of agro-waste for sustainable biogas production. Different methods of waste biomass processing and valorization are discussed that contribute towards developing an efficient agro-waste to biogas-based circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Rhessa Grace Guanga Ortizo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Aditya Yadav
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong CD, Tsai ML, Nargotra P, Kour B, Chen CW, Sun PP, Sharma V. Bioprocess development for the production of xylooligosaccharide prebiotics from agro-industrial lignocellulosic waste. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18316. [PMID: 37519746 PMCID: PMC10372396 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of sustainable biorefineries and bioeconomy has been the mandate of most of the governments with major focus on restricting the climate change concerns and finding new strategies to maintain the global food supply chain. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are short-chain oligomers which due to their excellent prebiotic potential in the nutraceutical sector has attracted intense research focus in the recent years. The agro-industrial crop and food waste can be utilized for the production of XOS which are derived from hemicellulose fraction (xylan) of the lignocellulosic materials. The extraction of xylan, is traditionally achieved by acidic and alkaline pretreatments which, however, have limited industrial applications. The inclusion of cutting-edge and environmentally beneficial pretreatment methods and technologies such as deep eutectic solvents and green catalysts are preferred. Moreover, the extraction of xylans from biomass using combinatorial pretreatment approaches may help in economizing the whole bioprocess. The current review outlines the factors involved in the xylan extraction and depolymerization processes from different lignocellulosic biomass and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis for XOS production. The different types of oligosaccharides and their prebiotic potential for the growth of healthy gut bacteria have also been explained. The introduction of modern molecular technologies has also made it possible to identify enzymes and microorganisms with the desired characteristics for usage in XOS industrial production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song G, Madadi M, Sun C, Shao L, Tu M, Abdulkhani A, Zhou Q, Lu X, Hu J, Sun F. Surfactants facilitated glycerol organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by structural modification for co-production of fermentable sugars and highly reactive lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129178. [PMID: 37270148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reported that surfactants could facilitate the organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to produce fermentable sugars and highly active lignin. Under the optimized conditions, the surfactant-assisted glycerol organosolv (saGO) pretreatment achieved 80.7% delignification with a retention of 93.4% cellulose and 83.0% hemicellulose. The saGO pretreated substrate exhibited an excellent enzymatic hydrolyzability, achieving 93% of glucose yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis at 48 h. Structural analysis showed that the saGO lignin contained rich β-O-4 bondings with less repolymerization and lower phenolic hydroxyl groups, thus forming highly reactive lignin fragments. The analysis evidenced that the surfactant graft the lignin by structural modification, which was responsible for the excellent substrate hydrolyzability. The co-production of fermentable sugars and organosolv lignin almost recovered a gross energy (87.2%) from LCB. Overall, the saGO pretreatment holds a lot of promise for launching a novel pathway towards lignocellulosic fractionation and lignin valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meysam Madadi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lishu Shao
- Ministry of Forestry Bioethanol Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, China
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 1417466191, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cui JQ, Li YQ, Ntakirutimana S, Liu ZH, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Surfactant-assisted ethylenediamine for the deconstruction and conversion of corn stover biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129174. [PMID: 37187332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock to produce sustainable fuels and energy toward a green bioeconomy. A surfactant-assisted ethylenediamine (EDA) was developed for the deconstruction and conversion of corn stover in this study. The effects of surfactants on the whole conversion process of corn stover was also evaluated. The results showed that xylan recovery and lignin removal in solid fraction were significantly enhanced by surfactant-assisted EDA. The glucan and xylan recoveries in solid fraction reached 92.1% and 65.7%, respectively, while the lignin removal was 74.5% by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-assisted EDA. SDS-assisted EDA also improved the sugar conversion in 12 h enzymatic hydrolysis at low enzyme loadings. The ethanol production and glucose consumption of washed EDA pretreated corn stover in simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation were improved with the addition of 0.001 g/mL SDS. Therefore, surfactant-assisted EDA showed the potential to improve the bioconversion performance of biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Cui
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems, Bioengineering (Ministry of education), Tianjin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Qi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems, Bioengineering (Ministry of education), Tianjin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Samuel Ntakirutimana
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems, Bioengineering (Ministry of education), Tianjin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems, Bioengineering (Ministry of education), Tianjin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems, Bioengineering (Ministry of education), Tianjin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems, Bioengineering (Ministry of education), Tianjin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yadav A, Sharma V, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Sun PP, Nargotra P, Wang JX, Dong CD. Development of lignocellulosic biorefineries for the sustainable production of biofuels: Towards circular bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129145. [PMID: 37169207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The idea of environment friendly and affordable renewable energy resources has prompted the industry to focus on the set up of biorefineries for sustainable bioeconomy. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is considered as an abundantly available renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels which can potentially reduce the dependence on petrochemical refineries. By utilizing various conversion technologies, an integrated biorefinery platform of LCB can be created, embracing the idea of the 'circular bioeconomy'. The development of effective pretreatment methods and biocatalytic systems by various bioengineering and machine learning approaches could reduce the bioprocessing costs, thereby making biomass-based biorefinery more sustainable. This review summarizes the development and advances in the lignocellulosic biorefineries from the LCB to the final product stage using various different state-of-the-art approaches for the progress of circular bioeconomy. The life cycle assessment which generates knowledge on the environmental impacts related to biofuel production chains is also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Yadav
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sawhney D, Vaid S, Bangotra R, Sharma S, Dutt HC, Kapoor N, Mahajan R, Bajaj BK. Proficient bioconversion of rice straw biomass to bioethanol using a novel combinatorial pretreatment approach based on deep eutectic solvent, microwave irradiation and laccase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 375:128791. [PMID: 36871702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Current study is the first report of the combined application of chemical (deep eutectic solvent), physical (microwave irradiation) and biological (laccase) pretreatment strategies for enhancing the enzymatic digestibility of rice straw biomass. Pretreated rice straw biomass was saccharified by cellulase/xylanase from Aspergillus japonicus DSB2 to get a sugar yield of 252.36 mg/g biomass. Design of Experiment based optimization of pretreatment and saccharification variables increased the total sugar yield by 1.67 times (421.5 mg/g biomass, saccharification efficiency 72.6%). Sugary hydrolysate was ethanol-fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis to achieve an ethanol yield of 214 mg/g biomass (bioconversion efficiency 72.5%). Structural/chemical aberrations induced in the biomass due to pretreatment were elucidated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to unravel the pretreatment mechanisms. Combined application of various physico-chemical/biological pretreatment may be a promising approach for proficient bioconversion of rice straw biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sawhney
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Surbhi Vaid
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Ridhika Bangotra
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | | - Nisha Kapoor
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma V, Tsai ML, Sun PP, Chen CW, Nargotra P, Dong CD. Sequential ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent-based protein extraction from Sacha inchi meal biomass: towards circular bioeconomy. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1425-1434. [PMID: 36936123 PMCID: PMC10020387 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The need for high-quality dietary proteins has risen over the years with improvements in the quality of life. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been regarded as potential green alternatives to conventional organic solvents for protein extraction from press cake biomass, meeting the needs of sustainable development goals. Sacha inchi seed meal (SIM) is generated as a by-product of the seed oil extraction industries containing high protein content. The current study presents a novel ultrasound assisted DES method for the extraction of SIM protein in a sequential manner. Four different DESs were screened, out of which choline chloride (ChCl)/glycerol (1:2) gave promising results in protein recovery and was further selected. The sequential ultrasound-ChCl/glycerol could effectively extract high total crude protein content (77.43%) from SIM biomass compared to alone ultrasound (29.21%) or ChCl/glycerol (58.32%) treatment strategies. The SIM protein extracted from ultrasound-ChCl/glycerol exhibited high solubility (94.39%) at alkaline pH and highest in vitro digestibility (71.16%) by digestive enzymes (pepsin and trypsin). The protein characterization by SDS-PAGE and FTIR elucidated the structural properties and presence of different functional groups of SIM protein. Overall, the sequential ultrasound-ChCl/glycerol revealed its significant potential for one-step biorefining of the waste Sacha inchi meal biomass for circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157 Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma V, Tsai ML, Nargotra P, Chen CW, Sun PP, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Dong CD. Journey of lignin from a roadblock to bridge for lignocellulose biorefineries: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160560. [PMID: 36574559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The grave concerns arisen as a result of environmental pollution and diminishing fossil fuel reserves in the 21st century have shifted the focus on the use of sustainable and environment friendly alternative resources. Lignocellulosic biomass constituted by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is an abundantly available natural bioresource. Lignin, a natural biopolymer has over the years gained much importance as a high value material with commercial importance. The present review provides an in-depth knowledge on the journey of lignin from being considered a roadblock to a bridge connecting diverse industries with widescale applications. The successful valorization of lignin for the production of bio-based platform chemicals and fuels has been the subject of intensive investigation. A deeper understanding of lignin characteristics and factors governing the biomass conversion into valuable products can support improved biomass consumption. The components of lignocellulosic biomass might be totally transformed into a variety of value-added products with the improvements in bioprocess techniques that valorize lignin. In this review, the recent advances in the lignin extraction and depolymerization methods that may help in achieving the cost-economics of the bioprocess are summarized and compared. The industrial potential of lignin-derived products such as aromatics, biopolymers, biofuels and agrochemicals are also outlined. Additionally, assessment of the recent research trends in lignin valorization into value-added chemicals has been done and present scenario of technological-industrial applications of lignin with economic perspectives is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agro-Industrial Food Waste as a Low-Cost Substrate for Sustainable Production of Industrial Enzymes: A Critical Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The grave environmental, social, and economic concerns over the unprecedented exploitation of non-renewable energy resources have drawn the attention of policy makers and research organizations towards the sustainable use of agro-industrial food and crop wastes. Enzymes are versatile biocatalysts with immense potential to transform the food industry and lignocellulosic biorefineries. Microbial enzymes offer cleaner and greener solutions to produce fine chemicals and compounds. The production of industrially important enzymes from abundantly present agro-industrial food waste offers economic solutions for the commercial production of value-added chemicals. The recent developments in biocatalytic systems are designed to either increase the catalytic capability of the commercial enzymes or create new enzymes with distinctive properties. The limitations of low catalytic efficiency and enzyme denaturation in ambient conditions can be mitigated by employing diverse and inexpensive immobilization carriers, such as agro-food based materials, biopolymers, and nanomaterials. Moreover, revolutionary protein engineering tools help in designing and constructing tailored enzymes with improved substrate specificity, catalytic activity, stability, and reaction product inhibition. This review discusses the recent developments in the production of essential industrial enzymes from agro-industrial food trash and the application of low-cost immobilization and enzyme engineering approaches for sustainable development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Immobilization of Recombinant Endoglucanase (CelA) from Clostridium thermocellum on Modified Regenerated Cellulose Membrane. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are being widely employed in lignocellulosic biorefineries for the sustainable production of value-added bioproducts. However, the high production cost, sensitivity, and non-reusability of free cellulase enzymes impede their commercial applications. Enzyme immobilization seems to be a potential approach to address the aforesaid complications. The current study aims at the production of recombinant endoglucanase (CelA) originated from the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum in Escherichia coli (E. coli), followed by immobilization using modified regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes. The surface modification of RC membranes was performed in two different ways: one to generate the immobilized metal ion affinity membranes RC-EPI-IDA-Co2+ (IMAMs) for coordination coupling and another to develop aldehyde functional group membranes RC-EPI-DA-GA (AMs) for covalent bonding. For the preparation of IMAMs, cobalt ions expressed the highest affinity effect compared to other metal ions. Both enzyme-immobilized membranes exhibited better thermal stability and maintained an improved relative activity at higher temperatures (50–90 °C). In the storage analysis, 80% relative activity was retained after 15 days at 4 °C. Furthermore, the IMAM- and AM-immobilized CelA retained 63% and 53% relative activity, respectively, after being reused five times. As to the purification effect during immobilization, IMAMs showed a better purification fold of 3.19 than AMs. The IMAMs also displayed better kinetic parameters, with a higher Vmax of 15.57 U mg−1 and a lower Km of 36.14 mg mL−1, than those of AMs. The IMAMs were regenerated via treatment with stripping buffer and reloaded with enzymes and displayed almost 100% activity, the same as free enzymes, up to 5 cycles of regeneration.
Collapse
|
17
|
Althuri A, Venkata Mohan S. Emerging innovations for sustainable production of bioethanol and other mercantile products from circular economy perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:128013. [PMID: 36155807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic municipal solid waste (BMSW) and food waste (FW) with high energy density are ready to tap renewable resources for industrial scale ethanol refinery foreseen for establishing bio-based society. Circular economy has occupied limelight in the domain of renewable energy and sustainable chemicals production. The present review highlights the importance of BMSW/FW as newer feed reserves that can cater as parent molecules for an array of high-visibility industrial products along with bioethanol upon implementing a judicious closed-cascade mass-flow mechanism enabling ultimate feed and waste stream valorisation. Though these organics are attractive resources their true potential for energy production has not been quantified yet owing to their heterogeneous composition and associated technical challenges thus pushing waste refinery and industrial symbiosis concepts to backseat. To accelerate this industrial vision, the novel bioprocessing strategies for enhanced and low-cost production of bioethanol from BMSW/FW along with other commercially imperative product portfolio have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Althuri
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy-502284, Telangana, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vaid S, Sharma S, Dutt HC, Mahajan R, Bajaj BK. An eco-friendly novel approach for bioconversion of Saccharum spontaneum biomass to biofuel-ethanol under consolidated bioprocess. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127784. [PMID: 35970499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quest for renewable/eco-friendly energy sources has received immense focus in recent years. Current study involved consolidated bioprocessing of Saccharum spontaneum biomass (SSB) for biofuel-ethanol generation in a 'one pot consolidated bioprocess' (OPCB). SSB was pretreated with protic ionic liquid, triethylamine-bisulfate ([TEA][HSO4]), saccharified in-situ with cellulase/xylanase enzymes, and the released sugars were fermented to ethanol. Pretreatment and saccharification processes were optimized under OPCB to achieve 2.70-fold increased sugar yield i.e. from 196.56 to 531.00 mg/g biomass. Fermentation of sugars yielded ethanol at 209.6 mg/g biomass at a bioconversion efficiency of 72.56 %. The pretreated SSB was comprehensively examined by/for XRD, NMR, SEM, FT-IR, and properties such as water retention capacity, surface area and cellulase adsorption ability to elucidate functional mechanisms of [TEA][HSO4] pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Vaid
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | | - Ritu Mahajan
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sánchez Muñoz S, Rocha Balbino T, Mier Alba E, Gonçalves Barbosa F, Tonet de Pier F, Lazuroz Moura de Almeida A, Helena Balan Zilla A, Antonio Fernandes Antunes F, Terán Hilares R, Balagurusamy N, César Dos Santos J, Silvério da Silva S. Surfactants in biorefineries: Role, challenges & perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126477. [PMID: 34864172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as feedstock has received increasing attention as an alternative to fossil-based refineries. Initial steps such as pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are essential to breakdown the complex structure of LCB to make the sugar molecules available to obtain bioproducts by fermentation. However, these steps increase the cost of the bioproduct and often reduces its competitiveness against synthetic products. Currently, the use of surfactants has shown considerable potential to enhance lignocellulosic biomass processing. This review addresses the main mechanisms and role of surfactants as key molecules in various steps of biorefinery processes, viz., increasing the removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the pretreatments, increasing enzymatic stability and enhancing the accessibility of enzymes to the polymeric fractions, and improving the downstream process during fermentation. Further, technical advances, challenges in application of surfactants, and future perspectives to augment the production of several high value-added bioproducts have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sánchez Muñoz
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Thércia Rocha Balbino
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Edith Mier Alba
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Barbosa
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tonet de Pier
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lazuroz Moura de Almeida
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Balan Zilla
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Antonio Fernandes Antunes
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruly Terán Hilares
- Laboratório de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM. Urb. San José, San José s/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Bioremediation laboratory. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila (UA de C), Torreón Campus, 27000 Coah, México
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Biopolymers, bioreactors, and process simulation laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Assessing the impact of substrate-level enzyme regulations limiting ethanol titer in Clostridium thermocellum using a core kinetic model. Metab Eng 2022; 69:286-301. [PMID: 34982997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is a promising candidate for consolidated bioprocessing because it can directly ferment cellulose to ethanol. Despite significant efforts, achieved yields and titers fall below industrially relevant targets. This implies that there still exist unknown enzymatic, regulatory, and/or possibly thermodynamic bottlenecks that can throttle back metabolic flow. By (i) elucidating internal metabolic fluxes in wild-type C. thermocellum grown on cellobiose via 13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA), (ii) parameterizing a core kinetic model, and (iii) subsequently deploying an ensemble-docking workflow for discovering substrate-level regulations, this paper aims to reveal some of these factors and expand our knowledgebase governing C. thermocellum metabolism. Generated 13C labeling data were used with 13C-MFA to generate a wild-type flux distribution for the metabolic network. Notably, flux elucidation through MFA alluded to serine generation via the mercaptopyruvate pathway. Using the elucidated flux distributions in conjunction with batch fermentation process yield data for various mutant strains, we constructed a kinetic model of C. thermocellum core metabolism (i.e. k-ctherm138). Subsequently, we used the parameterized kinetic model to explore the effect of removing substrate-level regulations on ethanol yield and titer. Upon exploring all possible simultaneous (up to four) regulation removals we identified combinations that lead to many-fold model predicted improvement in ethanol titer. In addition, by coupling a systematic method for identifying putative competitive inhibitory mechanisms using K-FIT kinetic parameterization with the ensemble-docking workflow, we flagged 67 putative substrate-level inhibition mechanisms across central carbon metabolism supported by both kinetic formalism and docking analysis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Devi A, Bajar S, Kour H, Kothari R, Pant D, Singh A. Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization for Bioethanol Production: a Circular Bioeconomy Approach. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2022; 15:1820-1841. [PMID: 35154558 PMCID: PMC8819208 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-022-10401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass generated from different sectors (agriculture, forestry, industrial) act as biorefinery precursor for production of second-generation (2G) bioethanol and other biochemicals. The integration of various conversion techniques on a single platform under biorefinery approach for production of biofuel and industrially important chemicals from LCB is gaining interest worldwide. The waste generated on utilization of bio-resources is almost negligible or zero in a biorefinery along with reduced greenhouse gas emissions, which supports the circular bioeconomy concept. The economic viability of a lignocellulosic biorefinery depends upon the efficient utilization of three major components of LCB-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The heterogeneous structure and recalcitrant nature of LCB is main obstacle in its valorization into bioethanol and other value-added products. The success of bioconversion process depends upon methods used during pre-treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The cost involved in each step of the bioconversion process affects the viability of cellulosic ethanol. The lignocellulose biorefinery has ample scope, but much-focused research is required to fully utilize major parts of lignocellulosic biomass with zero wastage. The present review entails lignocellulosic biomass valorization for ethanol production, along with different steps involved in its production. Various value-added products produced from LCB components were also discussed. Recent technological advances and significant challenges in bioethanol production are also highlighted in addition to future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Devi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Somvir Bajar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006 Haryana India
| | - Havleen Kour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao L, Sun ZF, Zhang CC, Nan J, Ren NQ, Lee DJ, Chen C. Advances in pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126123. [PMID: 34653621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a clean and renewable energy, bioenergy is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels. Lignocellulose possesses great potential for bioenergy production, but the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure limits its application. Pretreatment technology offers an effective solution to fractionate the main components of the lignocellulose and uncover the available cellulose. The obtained feedstock can be applied to bioconversion into energy, e.g., bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, etc. Here, the current state of lignocellulose pretreatment technologies was comprehensively reviewed, the advances in bioenergy production from pretreated lignocellulose was described, with particular attention to key challenges involved. Several new strategies for overcoming pretreatment barriers to realize highly efficient lignocellulose bioconversion were highlighted. The insights given in this review will facilitate further development on lignocellulosic bioenergy production, towards addressing the global energy crisis and climate change related to the use of fossil fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhong-Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma S, Nargotra P, Sharma V, Bangotra R, Kaur M, Kapoor N, Paul S, Bajaj BK. Nanobiocatalysts for efficacious bioconversion of ionic liquid pretreated sugarcane tops biomass to biofuel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125191. [PMID: 33951579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the hydrolysis of ionic liquid (IL) pretreated sugarcane tops (SCT) biomass with in-house developed IL-stable enzyme preparation, from a fungal isolate Aspergillus flavus PN3. Maximum reducing sugar yield (181.18 mg/g biomass) was obtained from tris (2-hydroxyethyl) methylammonium-methylsulfate ([TMA]MeSO4) pretreated biomass. Pretreatment parameters were optimized to attain enhanced sugar yield (1.57-fold). Functional mechanism of IL mediated pretreatment of SCT biomass was elucidated by SEM, XRD, FTIR and 1H NMR studies. Furthermore, nanobiocatalysts prepared by immobilization of enzyme preparation by covalent coupling on magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with amino-propyl triethoxysilane, were assessed for their hydrolytic efficacy and reusability. Nanobiocatalysts were examined by SEM and FTIR analysis for substantiation of immobilization. This is the first ever report of application of magnetic nanobiocatalysts for saccharification of IL-pretreated sugarcane tops biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Ridhika Bangotra
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Nisha Kapoor
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Satya Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Halder P, Patel S, Kundu S, Gbolahan Hakeem I, Hedayati Marzbali M, Pramanik B, Shah K. Dissolution reaction kinetics and mass transfer during aqueous choline chloride pre-treatment of oak wood. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124519. [PMID: 33338943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass processing employing ionic liquids is of recent research interest for the biorefinery industry. The data on biomass dissolution kinetics in ionic liquids is important for designing scale-up pre-treatment reactor design. In this study, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of oak wood dissolution in aqueous choline chloride was investigated. In an extended effort, a correlation of dimensionless numbers was developed for the estimation the mass transfer coefficient. The analyses suggested that oak wood dissolution in choline chloride occurred in two stages. The diffusion of ionic liquid through the product layer was the dominating rate-controlling step in the first stage of dissolution followed by the surface chemical reaction in the second stage. The diffusivity of choline chloride into the oak wood matrix was ranging between 2.96E-14 and 2.84E-13 m2/s. The activation energy of the diffusion controlled stage and surface chemical reaction controlled stage was approximately 24.2 and 40.3 kJ mol-1, respectively. The proposed mathematical correlation for mass transfer coefficient fitted well with the experimental mass transfer coefficient values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pobitra Halder
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Savankumar Patel
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sazal Kundu
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Marzbali
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Biplob Pramanik
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang M, Singh S, Cheng G. Transforming lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels enabled by ionic liquid pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124522. [PMID: 33340950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Processes that can convert lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and chemicals are particularly attractive considering renewability and minimal environmental impact. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as novel solvents in the process development in that they can effectively deconstruct recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass for high sugar yield and lignin recovery. From cellulose-dissolving ILs to choline-based and protic acidic ILs, extensive research in this field has been done, driven by the promising future of IL pretreatment. Meanwhile, shortcomings and technological hurdles are ascertained during research and developments. It is necessary to present a general overview of recent developments and challenges in this field. In this review paper, three aspects of advances in IL pretreatment are critically analyzed: biocompatible ILs, protic acidic ILs and combinatory pretreatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Seema Singh
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao J, Xu Y, Wang W, Griffin J, Wang D. High Ethanol Concentration (77 g/L) of Industrial Hemp Biomass Achieved Through Optimizing the Relationship between Ethanol Yield/Concentration and Solid Loading. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21913-21921. [PMID: 32905407 PMCID: PMC7469648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relationships between ethanol yield/concentration and solid loading (6-21%) were investigated to enhance ethanol titer and avoid a random choice of solid loading for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Alkali-pretreated hemp biomass was used for SSF in four scenarios including Case I: 30 filter paper unit (FPU)-cellulase and 140 fungal xylanase unit (FXU)-hemicellulase/g-solid; Case II: 40 FPU-cellulase and 140 FXU-hemicellulase/g-solid; Case III: 30 FPU-cellulase and 140 FXU-hemicellulase/g-solid with 1% Tween80; and Case IV: 30 FPU-cellulase and 140 FXU-hemicellulase/g-solid with particle size reduction (<0.2 mm). Results showed that bioethanol yield and concentration had a negative linear (R 2 = 0.76-0.93) and quadratic (R 2 = 0.96-0.99) correlation with solid loading (6-21%), respectively. As compared to Case I and previous studies, an enhancement in ethanol yield and concentration through increasing cellulase dose (Case II) and adding Tween 80 (Case III) was overestimated, whereas particle size reduction (Case IV) extended the "solid effect", evidenced by the highest ethanol concentration (77 g/L) achieved from SSF at the focus point of a quadratic model. An interpretation of the relationship between ethanol yield/concentration and solid loading not only avoids a blind selection of solid loading for SSF but also reduces extra enzymes and water consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Youjie Xu
- Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics
& Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jason Griffin
- John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Department of Horticulture &
Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Haysville, Kansas 67060, United States
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological
and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao J, Xu Y, Wang W, Griffin J, Wang D. Conversion of liquid hot water, acid and alkali pretreated industrial hemp biomasses to bioethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123383. [PMID: 32330804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four varieties of hemp biomasses (Helena, SS Beta, Tygra, and Elleta Campana) pretreated with liquid hot water (LHW), H2SO4, and NaOH were investigated for ethanol production. Physicochemical and morphological properties of the pretreated hemp biomass were characterized. LHW achieved high glucan (85-98%) and xylan (67-71%) recoveries. H2SO4 induced significant glucan decomposition (5.9-10.6 g/L) and inhibitor formation (4.5-7.4 g/L of HMF and 2.8-4.5 g/L of furfural) in resulting slurries. Both LHW and H2SO4 pretreatments resulted in low glucose and ethanol yields due to recondensed lignin units. NaOH pretreatment achieved high glucose and ethanol yields due to efficient lignin removal (58.6-75.3%). There was no significant variation in ethanol yield among the four hemp varieties pretreated by NaOH. H2SO4 and NaOH pretreated biomasses showed apparent terraced-field structures and microporous protuberances. Changes in crystallinity indexes and intensities of FTIR peaks were consistent with enhanced cellulose and decreased amorphous hemicellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Youjie Xu
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jason Griffin
- John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Department of Horticulture & Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Haysville, KS 67060, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|