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Sounderarajan S, Seenivasan H, Velayudhaperumal Chellam P, Puchalapalli DSR, Ayothiraman S. Selective recovery of esterase from Trichoderma harzianum through adsorption: Insights on enzymatic catalysis, adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134133. [PMID: 39074704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous attempts have been made to develop a low-cost adsorbent for selectively recovering industrially important products from fermentation broth or complex mixtures. The current study is a novel attempt to selectively adsorb esterase from Trichoderma harzianum using cheap adsorbents like bentonite (BT), activated charcoal (AC), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and titanium dioxide (TiO2). AC had the highest esterase adsorption of 97.58% due to its larger surface area of 594.45 m3/g. SiO2 was found to have the highest selectivity over esterase, with an estimated purification fold of 7.2. Interestingly, the purification fold of 5.5 was found in the BT-extracted fermentation broth. The functional (FT-IR) and morphological analysis (SEM-EDX) were used to characterize the adsorption of esterase. Esterase adsorption on AC, SiO2, and TiO2 was well fitted by Freundlich isotherm, demonstrating multilayer adsorption of esterase. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model was developed for esterase adsorption in various adsorbents. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that adsorption is an endothermic process. AC has the lowest Gibbs free energy of -10.96 kJ/mol, which supports the spontaneous maximum adsorption of both esterase and protein. In the desorption study, the maximum recovery of esterase from TiO2 using sodium chloride was 41.34 %. Unlike other adsorbents, the AC-adsorbed esterase maintained its catalytic activity and stability, implying that it could be used as an immobilization system for commercial applications. According to the kinetic analysis, the overall rate of the reaction was controlled by reaction kinetics rather than external mass transfer resistance, as indicated by the Damkohler number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathieesh Sounderarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalliguem, Andhra Pradesh, India; Biochemical Engineering Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Harshitha Seenivasan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh (Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India) Tadepalligudem, West Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh-534101, India.
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2
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Farobie O, Amrullah A, Syaftika N, Bayu A, Hartulistiyoso E, Fatriasari W, Dani Nandiyanto AB. Valorization of Rejected Macroalgae Kappaphycopsis cottonii for Bio-Oil and Bio-Char Production via Slow Pyrolysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16665-16675. [PMID: 38617625 PMCID: PMC11008229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Kappaphycopsis cottonii, a prominent macroalgae species cultivated in an Indonesian marine culture, yields significant biomass, a portion of which is often rejected by industry. This study explores the potential valorization of rejected K. cottonii biomass through slow pyrolysis for bio-oil and biochar production, presenting an alternative and sustainable utilization pathway. The study utilizes a batch reactor setup for the thermal decomposition of K. cottonii, conducted at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C and varying time intervals between 10 and 50 min. The study elucidates the temperature-dependent behavior of K. cottonii during slow pyrolysis, emphasizing its impact on product distributions. The results suggest that there is a rise in bio-oil production when the pyrolysis temperature is raised from 400 to 500 °C. This uptick is believed to be due to improved dehydration and greater thermal breakdown of the algal biomass. Conversely, at 600 °C, bio-oil yield diminishes, indicating secondary cracking of liquid products and the generation of noncondensable gases. Chemical analysis of bio-oils reveals substantial quantities of furan derivatives, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids. Biochar exhibits calorific values within the range of 17.52-19.46 MJ kg-1, and slow pyrolysis enhances its specific surface area, accompanied by the observation of carbon nanostructures. The study not only investigates product yields but also deduces plausible reaction routes for the generation of certain substances throughout the process of slow pyrolysis. Overall, the slow pyrolysis of rejected K. cottonii presents an opportunity to obtain valuable chemicals and biochar. These products hold promise for applications such as biofuels and diverse uses in wastewater treatment, catalysis, and adsorption, contributing to both environmental mitigation and the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obie Farobie
- Department
of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, P.O. BOX 220, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Apip Amrullah
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat
University, Jl. Brigjen
H. Hasan Basri, Kec. Banjarmasin Utara, Banjarmasin, South of Kalimantan 70123, Indonesia
| | - Novi Syaftika
- Research
Center for Industrial Process and Manufacturing Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of
Indonesia, Kawasan Sains
dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, Serpong Tangerang, Selatan, Banten 10340, Indonesia
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research
Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research
and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Edy Hartulistiyoso
- Department
of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, P.O. BOX 220, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research
Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National
Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
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Rasaq WA, Thiruchenthooran V, Telega P, Bobak Ł, Igwegbe CA, Białowiec A. Optimizing hydrothermal treatment for sustainable valorization and fatty acid recovery from food waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120722. [PMID: 38569260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study employs response surface methodology and a central composite design (CCD) to optimize hydrothermal treatment (HTT) conditions for the valorization of food waste (FW). Lab-scale pressure reactor-based HTT processes are investigated to detect the effects of temperature (220-340 °C) and resident time (90-260 min) on elemental composition and fatty acid recovery in the hydrothermal liquid. Central to the study is the identification of temperature as the primary factor influencing food waste conversion during the HTT process, showcasing its impact on HTT product yields. The liquid fraction, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), demonstrates a temperature-dependent trend, with higher temperatures favoring SFA recovery. Specifically, HTT at 340 °C in 180 min exhibits the highest SFA percentages, reaching up to 52.5 wt%. The study establishes HTT as a promising avenue for nutrient recovery, with the liquid fraction yielding approximately 95% at optimized conditions. Furthermore, statistical analysis using response surface methodology predicts the optimal achievable yields for hydrochar and hydrothermal liquid at 6.15% and 93.85%, respectively, obtained at 320 °C for 200 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed A Rasaq
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Telega
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka 420218, Nigeria.
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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Amir D, Nasaruddin RR, Yousefi M, Mastuli MS, Sulaiman S, Alam MZ, Engliman NS. Investigating the synthesis parameters of durian skin-based activated carbon and the effects of silver nanocatalysts on its recyclability in methylene blue removal. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38386194 PMCID: PMC10883905 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) is the most common and economically viable adsorbent for eliminating toxic organic pollutants, particularly dyes, from wastewater. Its widespread adoption is due to the simplicity and affordable production of AC, wherein low-cost agricultural wastes, such as durian skin can be used. Converting durian skin into AC presents a promising solution for its solid waste management. However, inherent drawbacks such as its non-selectivity, relatively short lifespan and laborious replacement and recovery processes diminish the overall efficacy of AC as an adsorbent. To address these challenges, the immobilisation of metal nanocatalysts such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is one of the emerging solutions. AgNPs can facilitate the regeneration of the adsorption sites of AC by catalysing the conversion of the adsorbed dyes into harmless and simpler molecules. Nevertheless, the immobilisation of AgNPs on AC surface can be challenging as the pore size formation of AC is hard to control and the nanomaterials can easily leach out from the AC surface. Hence, in this study, we synthesised AC from durian skin (DS) and immobilised AgNPs on the AC-DS surface. Then, we used methylene blue (MB) removal for studying the adsorption capability and recyclability of the AC-DS. In the synthesis of AC-DS, the influences of reaction temperature, activating agent, and acid-washing to its capability in adsorptive removal of MB in solution were first determined. It was found that 400 °C, KOH activating agent, and the presence of acid-washing (50% of HNO3) resulted in AC-DS with the highest percentage of MB removal (91.49 ± 2.86%). Then, the overall results from three recyclability experiments demonstrate that AC-DS with immobilised AgNPs exhibited higher MB removal after several cycles (up to 6 cycles) as compared to AC-DS alone, proving the benefit of AgNPs for the recyclability of AC-DS. We also found that AgNPs/Citrate@AC-DS exhibited better adsorption capability and recyclability as compared to AgNPs/PVP@AC-DS indicating significant influences of type of stabilisers in this study. This study also demonstrates that the presence of more oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups) after acid-washing on AC-DS and in citrate molecules, has greater influence to the performance of AC-DS and AgNPs/Citrate@AC-DS in the removal of MB as compared to the influences of their BET surface area and pore structure. The findings in this study have the potential to promote and serve as a guideline for harnessing the advantages of nanomaterials, such as AgNPs, to enhance the properties of AC for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzilal Amir
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sufri Mastuli
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Sakinah Engliman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rasaq WA, Okpala COR, Igwegbe CA, Białowiec A. Navigating Pyrolysis Implementation-A Tutorial Review on Consideration Factors and Thermochemical Operating Methods for Biomass Conversion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:725. [PMID: 38591602 PMCID: PMC10856175 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis and related thermal conversion processes have shown increased research momentum in recent decades. Understanding the underlying thermal conversion process principles alongside the associated/exhibited operational challenges that are specific to biomass types is crucial for beginners in this research area. From an extensive literature search, the authors are convinced that a tutorial review that guides beginners particularly towards pyrolysis implementation, from different biomasses to the thermal conversion process and conditions, is scarce. An effective understanding of pre-to-main pyrolysis stages, alongside corresponding standard methodologies, would help beginners discuss anticipated results. To support the existing information, therefore, this review sought to seek how to navigate pyrolysis implementation, specifically considering factors and thermochemical operating methods for biomass conversion, drawing the ideas from: (a) the evolving nature of the thermal conversion process; (b) the potential inter-relatedness between individual components affecting pyrolysis-based research; (c) pre- to post-pyrolysis' engagement strategies; (d) potential feedstock employed in the thermal conversion processes; (e) the major pre-treatment strategies applied to feedstocks; (f) system performance considerations between pyrolysis reactors; and (g) differentiating between the reactor and operation parameters involved in the thermal conversion processes. Moreover, pre-pyrolysis activity tackles biomass selection/analytical measurements, whereas the main pyrolysis activity tackles treatment methods, reactor types, operating processes, and the eventual product output. Other areas that need beginners' attention include high-pressure process reactor design strategies and material types that have a greater potential for biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed A. Rasaq
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (W.A.R.); (C.A.I.)
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (W.A.R.); (C.A.I.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420218, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (W.A.R.); (C.A.I.)
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Irfan M, Ghalib SA, Waqas S, Khan JA, Rahman S, Faraj Mursal SN, Ghanim AAJ. Response Surface Methodology for the Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Oil Extracted from Biomass Waste and Upgradation Using the Rice Husk Ash Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17869-17879. [PMID: 37251131 PMCID: PMC10210195 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rice husk ash (RHA), a low-cost biomaterial, was utilized to form bio-oil from pyrolysis in a batch-stirred reactor, followed by its upgradation using the RHA catalyst. In the present study, the effect of temperature (ranging from 400 to 480 °C) on bio-oil production produced from RHA was studied to obtain the maximum bio-oil yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effect of operational parameters (temperature, heating rate, and particle size) on the bio-oil yield. The results showed that a maximum bio-oil output of 20.33% was obtained at 480 °C temperature, 80 °C/min heating rate, and 200 μm particle size. Temperature and heating rate positively impact the bio-oil yield, while particle size has little effect. The overall R2 value of 0.9614 for the proposed model proved in good agreement with the experimental data. The physical properties of raw bio-oil were determined, and 1030 kg/m3 density, 12 MJ/kg calorific value, 1.40 cSt viscosity, 3 pH, and 72 mg KOH/g acid value were obtained, respectively. To enhance the characteristics of the bio-oil, upgradation was performed using the RHA catalyst through the esterification process. The upgraded bio-oil stemmed from a density of 0.98 g/cm3, an acid value of 58 mg of KOH/g, a calorific value of 16 MJ/kg, and a viscosity 10.5 cSt, respectively. The physical properties, GC-MS and FTIR, showed an improvement in the bio-oil characterization. The findings of this study indicate that RHA can be used as an alternative source for bio-oil production to create a more sustainable and cleaner environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ali Ghalib
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam
Campus, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar
Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akbar Khan
- Mechanical
and Electrical Engineering Department, University
of China Petroleum (East China), Dongying, Shandong 257061, China
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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Tang Z, Wu C, Tang W, Ma C, He YC. A novel cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of rice husk to efficiently enhance its enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128806. [PMID: 36858123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has caught widely attention of researchers in biomass pretreatment. As a highly efficient surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was expected to be used for synthesizing new DESs with additional functions in pretreatment. In this work, an efficient pretreatment method using a mixture of CTAB and lactic acid (LA) as a novel functional DES was established to improve enzymatic digestion efficiency of rice husk (RH). The results showed that DES CTAB:LA effectively removed lignin (51.5%) and xylan (79.9%) and the enzymatic hydrolysis activity of CTAB:LA-treated RH was 5 times that of RH. Then, a series of characterization demonstrated that a substantial accessibility increased, a hydrophobicity and lignin surface area decreased, and great surface morphology alternation were observed on the treated RH, which explained the increase in enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Overall, the discovery of more functional DESs might be motivated and biorefinery pretreatment processes might be greatly promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Changqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Cuiluan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Alhashem Z, Farha AH, Mansour SA, Tony MA. Extractability of Rice Husk Waste Using Green Gamma Radiation for Dye Elimination in Laboratory-Scale Sorption System: Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetic Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093328. [PMID: 37176210 PMCID: PMC10179794 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of natural materials and especially "waste" valorization has evolved and attracted the wide attention of scientists and academia. In this regard, the use of rice husk (RH) powder as a naturally abundant and cheap byproduct material is gaining superior attention. However, improving the physicochemical properties of such RH is still under research. In the current investigation, the modification of rice husk (RH) via γ-irradiation has shown to be a promising green tool to meet such a need. Clean, prepared, powdered RH samples were subjected to various γ-radiation doses, namely 5, 10, 15 and 25 kGy, and the corresponding samples were named as RH-0, RH-5, RH-10, RH-15, RH-15 and RH-25. Then, the samples were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After irradiation, the samples showed an increase in their surface roughness upon increasing the γ-radiation up to 15 kGy. Furthermore, the sorption capacity of the irradiated RH samples was investigated for eliminating Urolene Blue (UB) dye as a model pharmaceutical effluent stream. The highest dye uptake was recorded as 14.7 mg/g, which corresponded to the RH-15. The adsorption operating parameters were also investigated for all of the studied systems and all adsorbents showed the same trend, of a superior adsorption capacity at pH 6.6 and high temperatures. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were also applied for UB adsorption and an adequate fitted isotherm model was linked with Langmuir fitting. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit for the adsorption data. Experimental assays confirmed that the UB dye could be successfully eradicated feasibly from the aqueous stream via a sustainable green methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Alhashem
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf H Farha
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Semiconductors Technology Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Shehab A Mansour
- Advanced Materials/Solar Energy and Environmental Sustainability (AMSEES) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
- Basic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Maha A Tony
- Advanced Materials/Solar Energy and Environmental Sustainability (AMSEES) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
- Basic Engineering Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
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9
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Seo JY, Tokmurzin D, Lee D, Lee SH, Seo MW, Park YK. Production of biochar from crop residues and its application for biofuel production processes - An overview. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127740. [PMID: 35934249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable carbon-neutral society is imperative for future generations, and biochars and biofuels are inevitable choice to achieve this goal. Crop residues (CR) such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, and rice husk are promising sustainable resources as a feedstock for biochars and biofuels. Extensive research has been conducted on CR-based biochar production not only in environmental remediation areas but also in application for biofuel production. Here, the distribution and resource potential of major crop residues are presented. The production of CR-biochar and its applications in biofuel production processes, focusing on the latest research are discussed. Finally, the challenges and areas of opportunity for future research in terms of CR supply, CR-biochar production, and CR-biochar utilization for biofuel production are proposed. Compared with other literature reviews, this study can serve as a guide for the establishment of sustainable, economical, commercial CR-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Seo
- National Climate Technology Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Diyar Tokmurzin
- Clean Fuel Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - See Hoon Lee
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Won Seo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Value-Added Products from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics over Biochar-Based Catalyst: A State-of-the-Art Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the only renewable carbon resource on Earth, lignocellulosic biomass is abundant in reserves and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low price, and easy availability. The pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can generate solid biochar with a large specific surface area, well-developed pores, and plentiful surface functional groups. Therefore, it can be considered as a catalyst for upgrading the other two products, syngas and liquid bio-oil, from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis, which has the potential to be an alternative to some non-renewable and expensive conventional catalysts. In addition, as another carbon resource, waste plastics can also use biochar-based catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis to solve the problem of accumulation and produce fuels simultaneously. This review systematically introduces the formation mechanism of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Subsequently, the activation and modification methods of biochar catalysts, including physical activation, chemical activation, metal modification, and nonmetallic modification, are summarized. Finally, the application of biochar-based catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass and waste plastics pyrolysis is discussed in detail and the catalytic mechanism of biochar-based catalysts is also investigated.
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11
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Zhu X, Labianca C, He M, Luo Z, Wu C, You S, Tsang DCW. Life-cycle assessment of pyrolysis processes for sustainable production of biochar from agro-residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127601. [PMID: 35835419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Net carbon management of agro-residues has been an important pathway for reducing the environmental burdens of agricultural production. Converting agro-residues into biochar through pyrolysis is a prominent management strategy for achieving carbon neutrality in a circular economy, meeting both environmental and social concerns. Based on the latest studies, this study critically analyzes the life cycle assessment (LCA) of biochar production from different agro-residues and compares typical technologies for biochar production. Although a direct comparison of results is not always feasible due to different functional units and system boundaries, the net carbon sequestration potential of biochar technology is remarkably promising. By pyrolyzing agro-residues, biochar can be effectively produced and customized as: (i) alternative energy source, (ii) soil amendment, and (iii) activated carbon substitution. The combination of life cycle assessment and circular economy modelling is encouraged to achieve greener and sustainable biochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefei Zhu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia Labianca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zejun Luo
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C. Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912264. [PMID: 35982693 PMCID: PMC9378993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The total global food demand is expected to increase up to 50% between 2010 and 2050; hence, there is a clear need to increase plant productivity with little or no damage to the environment. In this respect, biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperatures with a limited oxygen supply, with different physicochemical characteristics that depend on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. When used as a soil amendment, it has shown many positive environmental effects such as carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil improvement. Biochar application has also shown huge benefits when applied to agri-systems, among them, the improvement of plant growth either in optimal conditions or under abiotic or biotic stress. Several mechanisms, such as enhancing the soil microbial diversity and thus increasing soil nutrient-cycling functions, improving soil physicochemical properties, stimulating the microbial colonization, or increasing soil P, K, or N content, have been described to exert these positive effects on plant growth, either alone or in combination with other resources. In addition, it can also improve the plant antioxidant defenses, an evident advantage for plant growth under stress conditions. Although agricultural residues are generated from a wide variety of crops, cereals account for more than half of the world's harvested area. Yet, in this review, we will focus on biochar obtained from residues of the most common and relevant cereal crops in terms of global production (rice, wheat, maize, and barley) and in their use as recycled residues to stimulate plant growth. The harvesting and processing of these crops generate a vast number and variety of residues that could be locally recycled into valuable products such as biochar, reducing the waste management problem and accomplishing the circular economy premise. However, very scarce literature focused on the use of biochar from a crop to improve its own growth is available. Herein, we present an overview of the literature focused on this topic, compiling most of the studies and discussing the urgent need to deepen into the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of biochar on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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13
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Shoul B, Marfavi Y, Sadeghi B, Kowsari E, Sadeghi P, Ramakrishna S. Investigating the potential of sustainable use of green silica in the green tire industry: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51298-51317. [PMID: 35614353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and non-biodegradable wastes as the consequence of over energy and material consumption, the demands for environmentally friendly products are of significant importance. Green tires, a superb alternative to traditional tires, could play a substantial part in environmental protection owing to lower toxic and harmful substances in their construction and their higher decomposition rate. Furthermore, manufacturing green tires using green silica as reinforcement has a high capacity to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, pollution, and raw material consumption. Nevertheless, their production costs are expensive in comparison with conventional tires. In this review article, by studying green tires, the improvement of silica-rubber mixing, as well as the production of green silica from agricultural wastes, were investigated. Not only does the consumption of agricultural wastes save resources considerably, but it also could eventually lead to the reduction of silica production expenses. The cost of producing green silica is about 50% lower than producing conventional silica, and since it weighs about 17% of green silica tires, it can reduce the cost of producing green rubber. Accordingly, we claim that green silica has provided acceptable properties of silica in tires. Apart from the technical aspect, environmental and economic challenges are also discussed, which can ultimately be seen as a promising prospect for the use of green silica in the green tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shoul
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Yousef Marfavi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Sadeghi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Peyman Sadeghi
- Faculty of Polymer and Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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14
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Gopalan J, Buthiyappan A, Raman AAA. Insight into metal-impregnated biomass based activated carbon for enhanced carbon dioxide adsorption: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Farobie O, Amrullah A, Bayu A, Syaftika N, Anis LA, Hartulistiyoso E. In-depth study of bio-oil and biochar production from macroalgae Sargassum sp. via slow pyrolysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9567-9578. [PMID: 35424963 PMCID: PMC8985117 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum is undoubtedly one of the most predominant brown macroalgae, posing a significant disposal problem for coastal areas worldwide. The effective valorization of Sargassum sp. would be beneficial not only for environmental mitigation but also for producing high-value chemicals. However, the valorization of Sargassum sp. for bio-oil and biochar production via slow pyrolysis has not been well studied yet. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into bio-oil and biochar production from Sargassum sp. via slow pyrolysis to provide valuable data for further valorization. A batch reactor was employed, and the pyrolysis of Sargassum sp. was conducted in a temperature range of 400-600 °C and with retention times of 10-50 min. The results showed significant compounds could be identified in bio-oil from Sargassum sp., including carboxylic acids, furan derivatives, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and N-aromatic compounds. Based on the ultimate analysis, the H/C and O/C atomic ratios of biochar were lower than the feedstock, reflecting the occurrence of dehydration and decarboxylation reactions throughout the pyrolysis. Biochar exhibited calorific values in the range of 23.12-25.89 MJ kg-1, indicating it has more potential to be used as a solid fuel than low-ranked coals. Surface morphological analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and showed a larger surface area in biochar than in the algal feedstock. Furthermore, a reaction model was deduced, and it was confirmed that the pyrolysis reaction obeyed the Arrhenius behaviour. Overall, the slow pyrolysis of Sargassum sp. provides an opportunity to obtain value-added chemicals and biochars, which could be further utilized for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obie Farobie
- Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB Darmaga Campus Bogor West Java 16002 Indonesia
- Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC), IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) Jl. Pajajaran No. 1, IPB Baranangsiang Campus Bogor West Java 16144 Indonesia
| | - Apip Amrullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin South Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong Bogor West Java 16911 Indonesia
| | - Novi Syaftika
- Center for Energy Resource and Chemical Industry Technology, Research Organization for Assessment and Application of Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Kawasan PUSPITEK Serpong Tangerang Selatan Indonesia
| | - Latifa Aisya Anis
- Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC), IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) Jl. Pajajaran No. 1, IPB Baranangsiang Campus Bogor West Java 16144 Indonesia
| | - Edy Hartulistiyoso
- Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB Darmaga Campus Bogor West Java 16002 Indonesia
- Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC), IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) Jl. Pajajaran No. 1, IPB Baranangsiang Campus Bogor West Java 16144 Indonesia
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16
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Chen X, Wu R, Sun Y, Jian X. Synergistic Effects on the Co-pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes and Sewage Sludge at Various Ratios. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1264-1272. [PMID: 35036788 PMCID: PMC8757449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the co-pyrolysis of blends of sewage sludge (SS) with rice husk (RH) and with hemp straw (HS) at different ratios by using thermogravimetry (TG) and its rate (DTG, derivative TG) analysis at heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 K/min. The resulting kinetic parameters of activation energy (E a) were calculated by both Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose models, followed by comparison of experimental values with calculated values to reveal the synergistic effects of SS/RH and SS/HS. With increasing additions of RH or HS to SS, a gradual decreasing trend in the experimental pyrolysis temperature range was evident, ranging from 144.5 to 95.2 °C for SS/RH and from 144.5 to 88.8 °C for SS/RH. Moreover, such temperature ranges were 6.7-20.4 °C less than the calculated values at the same blending ratio. The fitting results of the two kinetic models showed that with the same SS mass ratio, the experimental E a * (average activation energy) of both SS/RH and SS/HS were less than the calculated E a *. Especially, the experimental E a * of 7SS-3RH was lower around 43.8% than the calculated E a *, whereas the experimental E a * of 3SS-7HS was lower by about 39.4% than the calculated E a *. Synergistic analysis demonstrated that the co-pyrolysis of RH or HS with SS at various mass ratios presented obvious synergistic effects and then the decrease of E a. The mechanism experiment showed that the co-pyrolysis of SS/HS may promote the decrease of E a by changing the co-pyrolysis gas products or by increasing the overflow of volatile matter and then forming intermediate transition products, while SS/RH may accelerate the decrease of the E a by using an appropriate K addition ratio from RH as a metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Chen
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongtai Wu
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiumei Jian
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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17
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Akhter F, Rao AA, Abbasi MN, Wahocho SA, Mallah MA, Anees-ur-Rehman H, Chandio ZA. A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis, Applications and Future Prospects for Silica Nanoparticles (SNPs). SILICON 2022; 14. [PMCID: PMC8730748 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-021-01611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have shown great applicability potential in a number of fields like chemical, biomedical, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental remediation and even wastewater purification. With remarkably instinctive properties like mesoporous structure, high surface area, tunable pore size/diameter, biocompatibility, modifiability and polymeric hybridizability, the SNPs are growing in their applicable potential even further. These particles are shown to be non-toxic in nature, hence safe to be used in biomedical research. Moreover, the molecular mobilizability onto the internal and external surface of the particles makes them excellent carriers for biotic and non-biotic compounds. In this respect, the present study comprehensively reviews the most important and recent applications of SNPs in a number of fields along with synthetic approaches. Moreover, despite versatile contributions, the applicable potential of SNPs is still a tip of the iceberg waiting to be exploited more, hence, the last section of the review presents the future prospects containing only few of the many gaps/research extensions regarding SNPs that need to be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Akhter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Atta Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Nabi Abbasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Shafeeque Ahmed Wahocho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ali Mallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Anees-ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmed Chandio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
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18
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Arranz JI, Miranda MT, Montero I, Sepúlveda FJ. Thermal Study and Emission Characteristics of Rice Husk Using TG-MS. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206203. [PMID: 34683793 PMCID: PMC8537879 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rice husks are a by-product that is generated in large quantities in Spain. However, they are not used efficiently. One of their possible applications is its thermal use in power generation equipment. For that purpose, it is important to know the characteristics of rice husks and their thermal behavior, as well as their possible pollutant emission to the atmosphere with respect to its thermal use as a biofuel. In this work, the thermal characteristics of rice husks and their thermal behavior were studied by using thermogravimetry and mass spectroscopy for two different atmospheres (oxidizing and inert). This way, the thermal profiles and the main characteristics were studied, as well as the emission of possible pollutants to the atmosphere, such as CO2, CH4, NO2, NH3, SO2, and H2S. Moreover, three different methods (FWO, KAS, and Starink) were used to carry out a thermal analysis, in order to obtain the main thermal parameters such as activation energy. The results of the analysis predicted that rice husks could be used as biofuel in industrial thermal equipment based on its acceptable calorific value, good thermal characteristics, and low gas emissions both in oxidizing and inert atmosphere (although they have a high ash content).
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Setiawan WK, Chiang KY. Eco-friendly rice husk pre-treatment for preparing biogenic silica: Gluconic acid and citric acid comparative study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130541. [PMID: 33873070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid leaching has been established eco-friendly pre-treatment method for producing biogenic silica (BSi) from rice husk. The most urgent issue is for carboxylic acid to promote new readily biodegradable acids and enhance carboxylic acid sustainability in BSi preparation. This research investigates gluconic acid (GA) applicability for biogenic silica preparation from rice husk compared with citric acid (CA). The results demonstrated that GA was preferable to CA on BSi recovery with 89.91% efficiency. Although GA leaching promoted slightly higher silica loss, the primary metal alkali impurities, such as K2O, Na2O, and Al2O3, were effectively removed at 92-93%, 89-93%, 95-97%, respectively. The combination effect of silica loss and high removal impurities resulted in lower rice husk thermal decomposition activation energy. The characteristics of BSi prepared by GA leaching were comparable with CA leaching, mainly mesoporous with 114.06 m2/g of specific surface area and 0.23 cm3/g of the pore volume. In addition, GA leaching was environmentally better than CA leaching, indicated by minor contribution to all environmental impact indices. The findings suggested that GA could be a potential replacement for prevalent carboxylic acids in BSi preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Kamal Setiawan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Chung-Da Road., Chung-Li District, Tao-Yuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Yuh Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Chung-Da Road., Chung-Li District, Tao-Yuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
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20
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Chen WH, Du JT, Lee KT, Ong HC, Park YK, Huang CC. Pore volume upgrade of biochar from spent coffee grounds by sodium bicarbonate during torrefaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129999. [PMID: 33639554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for upgrading the pore volume of biochar at low temperatures using a green additive of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is developed in this study. The biochar was produced from spent coffee grounds (SCGs) torrefied at different temperatures (200-300 °C) with different residence times (30-60 min) and NaHCO3 concentrations (0-8.3 wt%). The results reveal that the total pore volume of biochar increases with rising temperature, residence time, or NaHCO3 aqueous solution concentration, whereas the bulk density has an opposite trend. The specific surface area and total pore volume of pore-forming SCG from 300 °C torrefaction for 60 min with an 8.3 wt% NaHCO3 solution (300-TP-SCG) are 42.050 m2 g-1 and 0.1389 cm3·g-1, accounting for the improvements of 141% and 76%, respectively, compared to the parent SCG. The contact angle (126°) and water activity (0.48 aw) of 300-TP-SCG reveal that it has long storage time. The CO2 uptake capacity of 300-TP-SCG is 0.32 mmol g-1, rendering a 39% improvement relative to 300-TSCG, namely, SCG torrefied at 300 °C for 60 min. 300-TP-SCG has higher HHV (28.31 MJ·kg-1) and lower ignition temperature (252 °C). Overall, it indicates 300-TP-SCG is a potential fuel substitute for coal. This study has successfully produced mesoporous biochar at low temperatures to fulfill "3E", namely, energy (biofuel), environment (biowaste reuse solid waste), and circular economy (bioadsorbent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
| | - Jyun-Ting Du
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Chien-Chang Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung, 433, Taiwan
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21
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An appropriate acid leaching sequence in rice husk ash extraction to enhance the produced green silica quality for sustainable industrial silica gel purpose. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Chen L, Wang P, Shen Y, Guo M. Spent lithium-ion battery materials recycling for catalytic pyrolysis or gasification of biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124584. [PMID: 33373799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research work studied the pyrolysis characteristics of main biomass components (i.e. cellulose, lignin) in the presence of the spent Li-ion battery cathode (BC) enriched in transition-metals (e.g., Ni, Co). The BC with a good thermostability even at > 700 °C could be used as a catalyst for biomass conversion. The addition methods of BC to biomass such as one-step (directly mixing) and two-step (impregnation-drying) were comparatively studied. The two-step method had a better catalytic effect in biomass pyrolysis, contributing to the reduction of decomposition temperature and activation energy. Significantly, the two-step method had a strong catalytic effect in reducing the content of cellulose-derived sugars and increasing the content of ketones via dehydration and decarboxylation. In addition, the BC used by the two-step method had a high potential for biomass pyrolysis or gasification in promoting the catalytic cracking (i.e. H-transfer) of lignin-derived phenols (tar surrogates) to hydrocarbons and aliphatics (e.g., ketones).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yafei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Mingming Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai 200240, China
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Xue Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Xiao Y, Wang T. Comparative analysis for pyrolysis of sewage sludge in tube reactor heated by electromagnetic induction and electrical resistance furnace. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:513-521. [PMID: 33132001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted on the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in tube reactors heated by electromagnetic induction (EMI) and conventional electrical resistance furnace (ERF). A minimal effect of pyrolysis temperature and initial moisture content on the distribution of pyrolytic products was obtained. Compared with the counterpart from ERF pyrolysis, the bio-char from EMI pyrolysis exhibited less ash content (46.38 wt%) and higher organic matter content (53.62 wt%). SEM and FTIR test showed similar microstructure characterizations in the two bio-chars. The specific area of bio-char from EMI pyrolysis was 8.6 m2/g. EMI pyrolysis increased the total content of aliphatic/aromatics in the bio-oil from 10.8 wt% to 15.6 wt% and the hydrogen/carbon monoxide in the bio-gas from 33.8 vol% to 41.1 vol% because of possible cracking and reforming reactions. Increased sulfur content in the bio-oil and decreased hazard gas content (such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide) in the bio-gas were obtained during EMI pyrolysis. The actual energy consumption for EMI and ERF pyrolysis were 4.62 MJ/kg and 6.65 MJ/kg. Increasing the feedstock content would reduce the energy consumption unit energy consumption. Less system energy loss during EMI pyrolysis might explain the higher energy recovery from EMI pyrolysis than that from ERF. Despite some disadvantages, EMI pyrolysis shows potential in real-plant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Zhou X, Moghaddam TB, Chen M, Wu S, Adhikari S. Biochar removes volatile organic compounds generated from asphalt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141096. [PMID: 32717607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission not only cause the environmental pollution, but also severely threaten human health as they are known to be toxic and carcinogenic. This study investigates the effects of biochar on removing the VOCs emission from asphalt. The biochar was obtained from the pyrolyzed productions of pig manure, waste wood and straw biomasses. Molecular model for the adsorption of the VOCs was developed and used to measure the adsorption energy and heat. The VOCs removal model was built and used to determine the VOCs removal mechanism in the asphalt. The results showed that biochar could remove alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulphide compounds because of its intrinsic carbon negativity and porosity. Furthermore, source of the biochar was an influential factor on the adsorption of the VOCs compounds. Based on the results, waste wood-based biochar had the best adsorption performance which could be related to the amorphous carbon, graphite and its porous structure. Also, it shows that biochar has the great potential to be used as VOCs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology in Loess Region, Shanxi Transportation Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Taher Baghaee Moghaddam
- Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Meizhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Sanjeev Adhikari
- Kennesaw State University, 1100 South Marietta Parkway, Marietta, GA 30060, USA.
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