1
|
Acheampong A, Li L, Elsherbiny SM, Wu Y, Swallah MS, Bondzie-Quaye P, Huang Q. A crosswalk on the genetic and conventional strategies for enhancing astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1018-1039. [PMID: 37778751 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2240009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring xanthophyll with powerful: antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties that are widely employed in food, feed, medicinal and nutraceutical industries. Currently, chemical synthesis dominates the world's astaxanthin market, but the increasing demand for natural products is shifting the market for natural astaxanthin. Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is the factory source of natural astaxanthin when grown in optimal conditions. Currently, various strategies for the production of astaxanthin have been proposed or are being developed in order to meet its market demand. This up-to-date review scrutinized the current approaches or strategies that aim to increase astaxanthin yield from H. pluvialis. We have emphasized the genetic and environmental parameters that increase astaxanthin yield. We also looked at the transcriptomic dynamics caused by environmental factors (phytohormones induction, light, salt, temperature, and nutrient starvation) on astaxanthin synthesizing genes and other metabolic changes. Genetic engineering and culture optimization (environmental factors) are effective approaches to producing more astaxanthin for commercial purposes. Genetic engineering, in particular, is accurate, specific, potent, and safer than conventional random mutagenesis approaches. New technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with omics and emerging computational tools, may be the principal strategies in the future to attain strains that can produce more astaxanthin. This review provides accessible data on the strategies to increase astaxanthin accumulation natively. Also, this review can be a starting point for new scholars interested in H. pluvialis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Acheampong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lamei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shereen M Elsherbiny
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilawan B, Chan SS, Ling TC, Show PL, Ng EP, Jonglertjunya W, Phadungbut P, Khoo KS. Advancement of Carotenogenesis of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: Recent Insight and Way Forward. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:402-423. [PMID: 37270443 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for astaxanthin has been increasing for many health applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and aquaculture due to its bioactive properties. Haematococcus pluvialis is widely recognized as the microalgae species with the highest natural accumulation of astaxanthin, which has made it a valuable source for industrial production. Astaxanthin produced by other sources such as chemical synthesis or fermentation are often produced in the cis configuration, which has been shown to have lower bioactivity. Additionally, some sources of astaxanthin, such as shrimp, may denature or degrade when exposed to high temperatures, which can result in a loss of bioactivity. Producing natural astaxanthin through the cultivation of H. pluvialis is presently a demanding and time-consuming task, which incurs high expenses and restricts the cost-effective industrial production of this valuable substance. The production of astaxanthin occurs through two distinct pathways, namely the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the chloroplast methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. The latest advancements in enhancing product quality and extracting techniques at a reasonable cost are emphasized in this review. The comparative of specific extraction processes of H. pluvialis biological astaxanthin production that may be applied to large-scale industries were assessed. The article covers a contemporary approach to optimizing microalgae culture for increased astaxanthin content, as well as obtaining preliminary data on the sustainability of astaxanthin production and astaxanthin marketing information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Busakorn Wilawan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Woranart Jonglertjunya
- Fermentation Technology Laboratory (FerTechLab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Poomiwat Phadungbut
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang J, Zhang CM, Zhu CC. Toxic effects and mechanisms of cationic blue SD-GSL on Chlorella vulgaris before and after the biological decolorization process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140947. [PMID: 38104738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is regarded as an efficient way to decolorize azo dyes. However, the changes in the algal toxicity of azo dyes during biodecolorization are still unclear. In this study, the physiological responses of Chlorella vulgaris to the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of cationic blue SD-GSL (a typical monoazo dye) and its biodecolorization products were investigated. The toxicity of each component to Chlorella vulgaris and the sources of the toxicity were analyzed. The cationic blue SD-GSL components inhibited the algal cell division and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at all concentrations, and inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) at concentrations >100 mg/L, whereas increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of its biodecolorization products had enhanced inhibition rates on cell density (10.7% and 15.6%, respectively), Chl-a content (31.2% and 8.4%, respectively), and SOD activity (13.5% and 1.9%, respectively) of Chlorella vulgaris, and further stimulated an increase in MDA content (4.4% and 7.0%, respectively), indicating that the biodecolorization products were more toxic than the pristine dye. Moreover, the toxic effect of hydrophobic components on Chlorella vulgaris was stronger than that of hydrophilic components. The sensitivity sequence of Chlorella vulgaris to the toxicity of cationic blue SD-GSL and its biodecolorization product components was: Chl-a synthesis > SOD activity > cell division. SUVA analysis and 3D-EEM analysis revealed that the enhanced algal toxicity of the biodecolorization products of cationic blue SD-GSL was attributed to the aromatic compounds, which were mainly concentrated in the hydrophobic components. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to verify dye biodecolorization byproducts. The information obtained from this study helps to understand the decolorization products toxicities of the biologically treated azo dyes, thereby providing new insights into the environmental safety of textile wastewater after traditional biological treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chong-Miao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Cong-Cong Zhu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeon MS, Han SI, Ahn JW, Jung JH, Choi JS, Choi YE. Endophyte Bacillus tequilensis improves the growth of microalgae Haematococcus lacustris by regulating host cell metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129546. [PMID: 37488011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study identified an endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus tequilensis, residing within the cells of the microalga Haematococcus lacustris through 16S rRNA analysis. To confirm the optimal interactive conditions between H. lacustris and B. tequilensis, the effects of different ratios of cells using H. lacustris of different growth stages were examined. Under optimized conditions, the cell density, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and astaxanthin content of H. lacustris increased significantly, and the fatty acid content improved 1.99-fold. Microscopy demonstrated the presence of bacteria within the H. lacustris cells. The interaction upregulated amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in H. lacustris. Interestingly, muramic and phenylacetic acids were found exclusively in H. lacustris cells in the presence of B. tequilensis. Furthermore, B. tequilensis delayed pigment degradation in H. lacustris. This study reveals the impact of the endosymbiont B. tequilensis on the metabolism of H. lacustris and offers new perspectives on the symbiotic relationship between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo Jeon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science, Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teng Z, Zheng L, Yang Z, Li L, Zhang Q, Li L, Chen W, Wang G, Song L. Biomass production and astaxanthin accumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis in large-scale outdoor culture based on year-round survey: Influencing factors and physiological response. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
6
|
Han SI, Jeon MS, Ahn JW, Choi YE. Establishment of ultrasonic stimulation to enhance growth of Haematococcus lacustris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127525. [PMID: 35760247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrasonication at a frequency of 40 kHz was used to shorten the sonication period and enhance the growth of Haematococcus lacustris. To confirm the optimal conditions, the effects of ultrasound output and treatment interval were examined. Under optimal conditions (20 W and 15-day cycle), the maximum cell density and chlorophyll content were 66.75 × 104 cells mL-1 and 36.54 mg g-1, respectively, which were increased by 50.00% and 39.01%, respectively, compared to the control. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that ultrasonication caused tiny cracks in the W4 and W6 strata but did not disrupt the inner W2 layer. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis showed that ultrasonication upregulated both cell division and nitrogen uptake. No difference were detected in the composition or quantity of fatty acids. This study demonstrates a novel ultrasonic approach for enhancing the growth of H. lacustris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Jeon
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alateyah N, Ahmad SMS, Gupta I, Fouzat A, Thaher MI, Das P, Al Moustafa AE, Ouhtit A. Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae Extract Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882956. [PMID: 35634400 PMCID: PMC9130701 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant cancer in females worldwide. Drug resistance, toxicity, and the failure of current therapies to completely cure BC has challenged conventional medicine. Consequently, complementary alternative medicine has become popular due to its safety and efficacy. Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pulvialis) is a green microalga living in fresh water, and its crude extract is rich of bioactives, including carotenoids, known to inhibit cancer cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a methanol crude extract called “T1” of H. pulvialis on cell growth and migration/invasion of the BC cell line MDA-MB-231 in comparison to the fibroblast control cells. TI significantly suppressed BC cell growth, inhibited migration and invasion and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, apoptosis was mediated by a significant loss of mutant p53 protein, and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Our findings support our hypothesis that T1 exerts its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting BC invasion and inducing apoptosis mediated, at least, via the p53/Bax/Bcl2 pathway. Ongoing experiments aim to identify the molecular mechanisms underpinning T1-inhibited BC cell invasion using pre-designed metastasis gene-based array method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouralhuda Alateyah
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma M. S. Ahmad
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arij Fouzat
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Thaher
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Allal Ouhtit,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parkes R, Barone ME, Herbert H, Gillespie E, Touzet N. Antioxidant Activity and Carotenoid Content Responses of Three Haematococcus sp. (Chlorophyta) Strains Exposed to Multiple Stressors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4492-4510. [PMID: 35467238 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing demands worldwide for bioactive compounds of natural origins, especially for the nutraceutical and food-supplement sectors. In this context, microalgae are viewed as sustainable sources of molecules with an array of health benefits. For instance, astaxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment with powerful antioxidant capacity produced by microalgae such as the chlorophyte Haematococcus sp., which is regarded as the most suitable organism for the mass production of this pigment. In this study, three Haematococcus sp. strains were cultivated using a batch mode under favourable conditions to promote vegetative growth. Their environment was altered in a second phase using a higher and constant illumination regime combined with either exposure to blue LED light, an osmotic shock (with NaCl addition) or supplementation with a phytohormone (gibberellic acid, GA3), a plant extract (ginger), an herbicide (molinate) or an oxidant reagent (hydrogen peroxide). The effects of these stressors were evaluated in terms of antioxidant response and astaxanthin and β-carotene accumulation. Overall, strain CCAP 34/7 returned the highest Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) response (14.1-49.1 µmoL Trolox eq. g- 1 of DW), while the highest antioxidant response with the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) was obtained for strain RPFW01 (62.5-155 µmoL Trolox eq. g- 1 of DW). The highest β-β-carotene content was found in strain LAFW15 when supplemented with the ginger extract (4.8 mg. g- 1). Strain RPFW01 exposed to blue light returned the highest astaxanthin yield (2.8 mg. g- 1), 5-fold that of strain CCAP 34/7 on average. This study documents the importance of screening several strains when prospecting for species with potential to produce high-value metabolites. It highlights that strain-specific responses can ensue from exposure of cells to a variety of stressors, which is important for the adequate tailoring of a biorefinery pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Parkes
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Maria Elena Barone
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Helen Herbert
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gillespie
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Lyu H, Huang H, Fan Z. Anti-oxidant mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under acute GenX exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149005. [PMID: 34311359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GenX, a substitute for perfluorooctanoic acid, has been widely detected in surface water. Due to its bioaccumulation, toxicity and persistence, GenX can cause adverse effects such as oxidative damage on aquatic organisms. To investigate the toxicity of GenX and the anti-oxidant mechanism of algae under acute exposure, the growth, photosynthetic activity and gene expression of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were tested. Results showed that the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was inhibited under acute GenX exposure. The toxicity of GenX increased with time and concentration but was lower than that of the traditional perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Furthermore, with the increase of GenX concentration, the production of reactive oxygen species increased, while the level of the anti-oxidant enzyme first increased and then decreased. Changes in photosynthetic parameters also indicated that the photosynthetic system of C. pyrenoidosa was negatively affected by GenX exposure. Transcription analysis revealed that the up-regulation of genes related to the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and photosynthesis is a positive strategy to cope with the oxidative stress caused by acute GenX exposure. Our findings provide new insights into the interactions between emerging PFASs and aquatic organisms at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoxuan Lyu
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Honghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu C, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Carotenoids from fungi and microalgae: A review on their recent production, extraction, and developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125398. [PMID: 34139560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for carotenoids from natural sources obtained by biological extraction methods is increasing with the development of biotechnology and the continued awareness of food safety. Natural plant-derived carotenoids have a relatively high production cost and are affected by the season, while microbial-derived carotenoids are favored due to their natural, high-efficiency, low production cost, and ease of industrialization. This article reviewed the following aspects of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms: (1) the structures and properties of main carotenoids; (2) fungal and microalgal sources of the main carotenoids; (3) influencing factors and modes of improvement for carotenoids production; (4) efficient extraction methods for carotenoids; and (5) the commercial value of carotenoids. This review provided a reference and guidance for the development of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oslan SNH, Shoparwe NF, Yusoff AH, Rahim AA, Chang CS, Tan JS, Oslan SN, Arumugam K, Ariff AB, Sulaiman AZ, Mohamed MS. A Review on Haematococcus pluvialis Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020256. [PMID: 33578851 PMCID: PMC7916564 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on H. pluvialis, including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.H.O.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Noor Fazliani Shoparwe
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Abdul Hafidz Yusoff
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Ainihayati Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Chang Shen Chang
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kavithraashree Arumugam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.N.H.O.); (M.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Azizi M, Moteshafi H, Hashemi M. A novel CO 2 steady feeding based on the pH steady strategy data in the Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation to maximize the cell growth and carbon bio-sequestration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123752. [PMID: 32629377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two common strategies to feed the CO2 are pH steady (PS) and CO2 steady (CS). An innovative strategy called ''CSBPS (CS feeding based on PS data)" in comparison to the 0.04% CS, 5% CS, and PS approaches improved the Haematococcus pluvialis growth and carbon bio-sequestration. The optimum concentration of CO2 was estimated based on the PS cultivation data and fed to culture media using the CS approach with no buffering agent. The biomass productivity, CO2 bio-fixation rate, and rubisco activity under CSBPS strategy were 127, 121, and 65% higher than 0.04% CS strategy, respectively. The DIC concentration 177-230 (mg/L) and C/N ratio 0.48-0.76 were found promising for cell growth through increasing the rubisco activities under CSBPS strategy by 65, 54 and, 4% higher than 0.04% CS, 5% CS and PS strategies, respectively. The presented strategy provides a promising eco-friendly approach to reduce the CO2 losses and the production cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Azizi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadis Moteshafi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Recent Advances in Astaxanthin Micro/Nanoencapsulation to Improve Its Stability and Functionality as a Food Ingredient. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080406. [PMID: 32752203 PMCID: PMC7459837 DOI: 10.3390/md18080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid produced by different organisms and microorganisms such as microalgae, bacteria, yeasts, protists, and plants, and it is also accumulated in aquatic animals such as fish and crustaceans. Astaxanthin and astaxanthin-containing lipid extracts obtained from these sources present an intense red color and a remarkable antioxidant activity, providing great potential to be employed as food ingredients with both technological and bioactive functions. However, their use is hindered by: their instability in the presence of high temperatures, acidic pH, oxygen or light; their low water solubility, bioaccessibility and bioavailability; their intense odor/flavor. The present paper reviews recent advances in the micro/nanoencapsulation of astaxanthin and astaxanthin-containing lipid extracts, developed to improve their stability, bioactivity and technological functionality for use as food ingredients. The use of diverse micro/nanoencapsulation techniques using wall materials of a different nature to improve water solubility and dispersibility in foods, masking undesirable odor and flavor, is firstly discussed, followed by a discussion of the importance of the encapsulation to retard astaxanthin release, protecting it from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. The nanoencapsulation of astaxanthin to improve its bioaccessibility, bioavailability and bioactivity is further reviewed. Finally, the main limitations and future trends on the topic are discussed.
Collapse
|