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Li Y, Wu S, Chen H, Xiao W, Li C, Peng Z, Li Z, Liu J, Lin L, Zeng X. Inorganic salt starvation improves the polysaccharide production and CO 2 fixation by Porphyridium purpureum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:1017-1026. [PMID: 38740635 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The microalgae industry shows a promising future in the production of high-value products such as pigments, phycoerythrin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides. It was found that polysaccharides have high biomedical value (such as antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidative) and industrial application prospects (such as antioxidants). This study aimed to improve the polysaccharides accumulation of Porphyridium purpureum CoE1, which was effectuated by inorganic salt starvation strategy whilst supplying rich carbon dioxide. At a culturing temperature of 25 °C, the highest polysaccharide content (2.89 g/L) was achieved in 50% artificial seawater on the 12th day. This accounted for approximately 37.29% of the dry biomass, signifying a 25.3% increase in polysaccharide production compared to the culture in 100% artificial seawater. Subsequently, separation, purification and characterization of polysaccharides produced were conducted. Furthermore, the assessment of CO2 fixation capacity during the cultivation of P. purpureum CoE1 was conducted in a 10 L photobioreactor. This indicated that the strain exhibited an excellent CO2 fixation capacity of 1.66 g CO2/g biomass/d. This study proposed an efficient and feasible approach that not only increasing the yield of polysaccharides by P. purpureum CoE1, but also fixing CO2 with a high rate, which showed great potential in the microalgae industry and Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchen Li
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shengshan Wu
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Haowei Chen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wupeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiqing Peng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lu Lin
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-Valued Applications of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Gao L, Qin Y, Zhou X, Jin W, He Z, Li X, Wang Q. Microalgae as future food: Rich nutrients, safety, production costs and environmental effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172167. [PMID: 38580118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The improvement of food security and nutrition has attracted wide attention, and microalgae as the most promising food source are being further explored. This paper comprehensively introduces basic and functional nutrients rich in microalgae by elaborated tables incorporating a wide variety of studies and summarizes factors influencing their accumulation effects. Subsequently, multiple comparisons of nutrients were conducted, indicating that microalgae have a high protein content. Moreover, controllable production costs and environmental friendliness prompt microalgae into the list that contains more promising and reliable future food. However, microalgae and -based foods approved and sold are limited strictly, showing that safety is a key factor affecting dietary consideration. Notably, sensory profiles and ingredient clarity play an important role in improving the acceptance of microalgae-based foods. Finally, based on the bottleneck in the microalgae food industry, suggestions for its future development were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yujia Qin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongqi He
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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3
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Mao BD, Vadiveloo A, Qiu J, Gao F. Artificial photosynthesis: Promising approach for the efficient production of high-value bioproducts by microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130718. [PMID: 38641303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Recently, microalgae had received extensive attention for carbon capture and utilization. But its overall efficiency still could not reach a satisfactory degree. Artificial photosynthesis showed better efficiency in the conversion of carbon dioxide. However, artificial photosynthesis could generally only produce C1-C3 organic matters at present. Some studies showed that heterotrophic microalgae can efficiently synthesize high value organic matters by using simple organic matter such as acetate. Therefore, the combination of artificial photosynthesis with heterotrophic microalgae culture showed great potential for efficient carbon capture and high-value organic matter production. This article systematically analyzed the characteristics and challenges of carbon dioxide conversion by microalgae and artificial photosynthesis. On this basis, the coupling mode and development trend of artificial photosynthesis combined with microalgae culture were discussed. In summary, the combination of artificial photosynthesis and microalgae culture has great potential in the field of carbon capture and utilization, and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Di Mao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Jian Qiu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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4
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Çelekli A, Özbal B, Bozkurt H. Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae. Foods 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 38472838 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been given to the use of microalgae to produce functional foods that have valuable bioactive chemicals, including essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, fiber, and minerals. Microalgal biomasses are increasingly being used to improve the nutritional values of foods because of their unique nutrient compositions that are beneficial to human health. Their protein content and amino acid composition are the most important components. The microalgal biomass used in the therapeutic supplement industry is dominated by bio-compounds like astaxanthin, β-carotene, polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and polysaccharides such as β-glucan. The popularity of microalgal supplements is growing because of the health benefits of their bioactive substances. Moreover, some microalgae, such as Dunaliella, Arthrospira (Spirulina), Chlorella, and Haematococcus, are commonly used microalgal species in functional food production. The incorporation of microalgal biomass leads not only to enhanced nutritional value but also to improved sensory quality of food products without altering their cooking or textural characteristics. Microalgae, because of their eco-friendly potential, have emerged as one of the most promising and novel sources of new functional foods. This study reviews some recent and relevant works, as well as the current challenges for future research, using different methods of chemical modification in foods with the addition of a few commercial algae to allow their use in nutritional and sensory areas. It can be concluded that the production of functional foods through the use of microalgae in foods has become an important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Çelekli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Buket Özbal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
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5
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Gao B, Hong J, Deng Q, Han B, Kong J, Zhang C. A novel sulfur supply strategy for maximizing lipid production in Tribonema minus (Xanthophyceae). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130205. [PMID: 38104661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tribonema minus, a promising filamentous oleaginous microalga, was cultured under different nutrient concentrations and different culture modes (fed-batch culture, two-step culture) to study the method of rapid regulation of its lipid metabolism. In contrast to many other oleaginous microalgae, T. minus did not show that nitrogen stress promoted lipid accumulation; however, sulfur deficiency promoted rapid lipid accumulation with a maximum lipid content of 54% of dry weight. Increasing the MgSO4 concentration significantly increased nitrogen uptake and biomass (10.09 g/L). Lipid productivity was significantly increased by the two-step culture using a medium with a high concentration of MgSO4 in the first step and a sulfur-free medium in the second step. In addition, it was found that the lipid content of T. minus was negatively correlated with the intracellular sulfur content when the intracellular sulfur content was below 0.6%. This study provides a new approach for industrial lipid production in T. minus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Gao
- Department of Ecology, Research Center for Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Ecology, Research Center for Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Ecology, Research Center for Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoye Han
- Department of Ecology, Research Center for Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jielin Kong
- Department of Ecology, Research Center for Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Research Center for Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Chen C, Shi Q, Tong A, Sun L, Fan J. Screening of microalgae strains for efficient biotransformation of small molecular organic acids from dark fermentation biohydrogen production wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129872. [PMID: 37839645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Dark fermentation biohydrogen production is a rapidly advancing and well-established field. However, the accumulation of volatile organic acid (VFAs) byproducts hinder its practical applications. Microalgae have demonstrated the ability to efficiently utilize VFAs while also treating waste gases and other nutrient elements. Integrating microalgae cultivation with dark fermentation is a promising approach. However, low VFAs tolerance and slow VFAs consumption restrict their application. To find suitable wastewater treatment microalgae, this work screened eight microalgae strains from five family. The results demonstrated that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibited significant advantages in VFAs utilization, achieving a maximum removal of 100% for acetate and 52.5% for butyrate. Among the tested microalgae strains, CW15 outperformed in terms of photobioreactor adaptability, VFAs utilization, biomass productivity, and nutrient removal, making it the most promising microalgae for practical applications. This research demonstrates the feasibility of integrating microalgae cultivation with dark fermentation and providing a viable technical solution for integrated-biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Qianwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Akang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P.R. China.
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7
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Shan S, Wang S, Yan X, Chen K, Liang L, Li X, Zhou C, Yan X, Ruan R, Cheng P. Mixotrophic culture of Chaetoceros sp. and the synergistic carbon and energy metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129912. [PMID: 37879446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This research studied the metabolic mechanism of the mixotrophic Chaetoceros sp. The results showed this alga had the highest cell density and growth rate of 47.72 × 105 cells mL-1 and 0.41 d-1, respectively, with a maximum dry weight of 2.90 g/L, when compared to photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic modes. Compared to photoheterotrophy, transcriptomics results showed the Rubisco, PGK, and GAPDH related genes were separately up-regulated by 1.03, 2.36, and 1.36 times in CBB cycle in mixotrophic mode, suggesting intermediate metabolites of EMP and PPP can enter the chloroplast via transporter proteins, or membrane permeation, and feedback inhibition regulates the reduction of multiple reactions in CBB cycle. Chaetoceros sp. achieves high biomass by utilizing ATP and carbon structures from EMP and PPP pathways, and the addition of NaHCO3 leads to an up-regulation of CBB cycle for the mixotrophic alga, resulting in higher biomass compared to the photoheterotrophic mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Shan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xi Yan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Kang Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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8
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Papavasileiou P, Koutras S, Koutra E, Ali SS, Kornaros M. A novel rice hull - microalgal biorefinery for the production of natural phenolic compounds comprising of rice hull acid pretreatment and a two-stage Botryococcus braunii cultivation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129621. [PMID: 37544534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the rising demand of the industry for natural phenolic antioxidant compounds has turned to the study of microalgae as potential sources. Yet, more economic substrates for microalgal cultivation are sought to lower production costs. To this end, the present work deals with the utilization of rice hull hydrolysate (RHH) as substrate for microalgae Botryococcus braunii through a novel two-stage cultivation system. Initially, RHH was optimized to maximize the contained nutrients while minimizing its inhibitors content. The optimum point was reached under 121 °C, 60 min, 2% (v/v) H2SO4, 30% (w/v) loading. Next, B. braunii was successfully grown first heterotrophically in RHH (25%, v/v), obtaining high biomass production (6.67 g L-1) and then autotrophically to enhance phenolics accumulation. At the end, a high phenolic content of 7.44 ± 0.60 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents g-1 DW was achieved from the produced biomass, thus highlighting the potential of this novel biotechnological method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polytimi Papavasileiou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Institute of Circular Economy and Environment (ICEE), University of Patras' Research and Development Center, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stamatis Koutras
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Institute of Circular Economy and Environment (ICEE), University of Patras' Research and Development Center, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Koutra
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Institute of Circular Economy and Environment (ICEE), University of Patras' Research and Development Center, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Institute of Circular Economy and Environment (ICEE), University of Patras' Research and Development Center, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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9
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Xie W, Li X, Xu H, Chen F, Cheng KW, Liu H, Liu B. Optimization of Heterotrophic Culture Conditions for the Microalgae Euglena gracilis to Produce Proteins. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:519. [PMID: 37888454 PMCID: PMC10608195 DOI: 10.3390/md21100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is one of the few permitted edible microalgae. Considering consumer acceptance, E. gracilis grown heterotrophically with yellow appearances have wider food industrial applications such as producing meat analogs than green cells. However, there is much room to improve the protein content of heterotrophic culture cells. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources, temperature, initial pH, and C/N ratios on the protein production of E. gracilis were evaluated under heterotrophic cultivation. These results indicated that ammonium sulfate was the optimal nitrogen source for protein production. The protein content of E. gracilis cultured by ammonium sulfate increased by 113% and 44.7% compared with that cultured by yeast extract and monosodium glutamate, respectively. The manipulation of the low C/N ratio further improved E. gracilis protein content to 66.10% (w/w), which was 1.6-fold of that in the C/N = 25 group. Additionally, amino acid analysis revealed that the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (NTP) could be affected by nitrogen sources. A superior essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 1.62 and a balanced amino acid profile further confirmed the high nutritional value of E. gracilis protein fed by ammonium sulfate. This study highlighted the vast potency of heterotrophic cultured E. gracilis as an alternative dietary protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Xie
- SZU-HKUST Joint Ph.D. Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China (H.X.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Huo Xu
- SZU-HKUST Joint Ph.D. Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China (H.X.)
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
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10
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Daly G, Decorosi F, Viti C, Adessi A. Shaping the phycosphere: Analysis of the EPS in diatom-bacterial co-cultures. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:791-797. [PMID: 37399119 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The phycosphere is a unique niche that fosters complex interactions between microalgae and associated bacteria. The formation of this extracellular environment, and the associated bacterial biodiversity, is heavily influenced by the secretion of extracellular polymers, primarily driven by phototrophic organisms. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) represent the largest fraction of the microalgae-derived exudates, which can be specifically used by heterotrophic bacteria as substrates for metabolic processes. Furthermore, it has been proposed that bacteria and their extracellular factors play a role in both the release and composition of the EPS. In this study, two model microorganisms, the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCAP 1055/15 and the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125, were co-cultured in a dual system to assess how their interactions modify the phycosphere chemical composition by analyzing the EPS monosaccharide profile released in the culture media by the two partners. We demonstrate that microalgal-bacterial interactions in this simplified model significantly influenced the architecture of their extracellular environment. We observed that the composition of the exo-environment, as described by the EPS monosaccharide profiles, varied under different culture conditions and times of incubation. This study reports an initial characterization of the molecular modifications occurring in the extracellular environment surrounding two relevant representatives of marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Daly
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Decorosi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Eilam Y, Khattib H, Pintel N, Avni D. Microalgae-Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200177. [PMID: 37205927 PMCID: PMC10190620 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary proteins derived from animal sources, although containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids, have considerable environmental and adverse health effects associated with the intake of some animal protein-based products. Consuming foods based on animal proteins carries a higher risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dietary protein consumption is increasing due to population growth, posing a supply challenge. There is, therefore, growing interest in discovering novel alternative protein sources. In this context, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops that can provide a sustainable source of protein. Compared to conventional high-protein crops, using microalgal biomass for protein production presents several advantages in food and feed in terms of productivity, sustainability, and nutritional value. Moreover, microalgae positively impact the environment by not exploiting land or causing water pollution. Many studies have revealed the potential of microalgae as an alternative protein source with the added value of positive effects on human health due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The main emphasis of this review is on the potential health-promoting applications of microalgae-based proteins, peptides, and bioactive substances for IBD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahav Eilam
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
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12
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Ji L, Qiu S, Wang Z, Zhao C, Tang B, Gao Z, Fan J. Phycobiliproteins from algae: Current updates in sustainable production and applications in food and health. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112737. [PMID: 37087221 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are light-harvesting complexes found mainly in cyanobacteria and red algae, playing a key role in photosynthesis. They are extensively applied in food, cosmetics, and biomedical industry due to bright color, unique fluorescence characteristics and diverse physiological activities. They have received much attention in the past few decades because of their green and sustainable production, safe application, and functional diversity. This work aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of parameters affecting the whole bioprocess with a special focus on the extraction and purification, which directly determines the application of phycobiliproteins. Food grade phycobiliproteins are easy to prepare, whereas analytical grade phycobiliproteins are extremely complex and costly to produce. Most phycobiliproteins are denatured and inactivated at high temperatures, severely limiting their application. Inspired by recent advances, future perspectives are put forward, including (1) the mutagenesis and screening of algal strains for higher phycobiliprotein productivity, (2) the application of omics and genetic engineering for stronger phycobiliprotein stability, and (3) the utilization of synthetic biology and heterologous expression systems for easier phycobiliprotein isolation. This review will give a reference for exploring more phycobiliproteins for food and health application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chenni Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Nantong Focusee Biotechnology Company Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China.
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Qian J, Fu S, Li J, Toda T, Li H, Sekine M, Takayama Y, Koga S, Shao S, Fan L, Xu P, Zhang X, Cheng J, Jin Z, Zhou W. Effects of organic carbon sources on algal biofilm formation and insight into mechanism. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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14
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Kim JH, Dubey SK, Hwangbo K, Chung BY, Lee SS, Lee S. Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087070. [PMID: 36890890 PMCID: PMC9986495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a eukaryotic, unicellular photosynthetic organism and a potential algal platform for producing biomass and recombinant proteins for industrial use. Ionizing radiation is a potent genotoxic and mutagenic agent used for algal mutation breeding that induces various DNA damage and repair responses. In this study, however, we explored the counterintuitive bioeffects of ionizing radiation, such as X- and γ-rays, and its potential as an elicitor to facilitate batch or fed-batch cultivation of Chlamydomonas cells. A certain dose range of X- and γ-rays was shown to stimulate the growth and metabolite production of Chlamydomonas cells. X- or γ-irradiation with relatively low doses below 10 Gy substantially increased chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid content as well as growth and photosynthetic activity in Chlamydomonas cells without inducing apoptotic cell death. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated the radiation-induced changes in DNA damage response (DDR) and various metabolic pathways with the dose-dependent expression of some DDR genes, such as CrRPA30, CrFEN1, CrKU, CrRAD51, CrOASTL2, CrGST2, and CrRPA70A. However, the overall transcriptomic changes were not causally associated with growth stimulation and/or enhanced metabolic activities. Nevertheless, the radiation-induced growth stimulation was strongly enhanced by repetitive X-irradiation and/or subsequent cultivation with an inorganic carbon source, i.e., NaHCO3, but was significantly inhibited by treatment of ascorbic acid, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The optimal dose range of X-irradiation for growth stimulation differed by genotype and radiation sensitivity. Here, we suggest that ionizing radiation within a certain dose range determined by genotype-dependent radiation sensitivity could induce growth stimulation and enhance metabolic activities, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid synthesis in Chlamydomonas cells via ROS signaling. The counterintuitive benefits of a genotoxic and abiotic stress factor, i.e., ionizing radiation, in a unicellular algal organism, i.e., Chlamydomonas, may be explained by epigenetic stress memory or priming effects associated with ROS-mediated metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shubham Kumar Dubey
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Hwangbo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Xiao X, Li W, Jin M, Zhang L, Qin L, Geng W. Responses and tolerance mechanisms of microalgae to heavy metal stress: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105805. [PMID: 36375224 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae, the primary producers in water ecosystems, are the main food of fish and shrimp. Microalgae have a great capacity to absorb heavy metals, and low concentrations of heavy metals can promote the growth of them. But high concentrations have a strong influence on the physiological and biochemical processes in algae, such as growth, photosynthesis, cell ultrastructure, protein content and fatty acid composition. Heavy metals may also induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes the oxidation damage of protein, lipid and thiol peptides, and activates the antioxidant system. Heavy metals can be removed or converted into another state by biosorption of cell surface, accumulation in cells, combining with antioxidant enzymes and so on. This review summarized the responses of microalgae to heavy metals and comprehensively described the removal and tolerance mechanisms by extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation, which are helpful to treat pollution and improve the culture of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Xiao
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China.
| | - Wenfang Li
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Meng Jin
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Liguo Qin
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
| | - Weiwei Geng
- College of Safety and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510, China
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Modulation of the metabolite content of the unicellular rhodophyte Porphyridium purpureum using a 2-stage cultivation approach and chemical stressors. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:125-132. [PMID: 36375623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There have been growing interests in microalgal biotechnology for the biorefining of bioactive compounds such as carotenoid pigments, ω-3 fatty acids, antioxidants or antimicrobials for sectoral applications in the pharmacology, nutraceutical and cosmetic fields. This study focused on the unicellular marine rhodophyte Porphyridium purpureum CCAP 1380/1 A, which was cultivated via a two-stage batch growth mode for 10 days using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MJ) and three plant extracts (Passiflora incarnata, Panax ginseng and Valeriana officinalis). The microalgal biomass was then analysed for its protein, phycoerythtin, carbohydrate and pigment composition together with its pigment content and antioxidant activity. Of note, MJ increased the protein and phycoerythtin content (up to 225 µg BSA eq./mg DW and 15 mg/ml, respectively) while both the MJ and H2O2 treatments increased carotenoid pigment yields (β-carotene and zeaxanthin, up to 5 and 4 mg/g, respectively). Carbohydrates were enhanced ∼10 fold by the Valeriana officinalis treatment (up 192 μg starch eq./mg). Overall, neutral lipids and antioxidants were mostly negatively affected by the plant extracts. The greatest antioxidant activity registered was obtained with the H2O2 treatment (15 μmol Trolox eq./g DW with TEAC assay). P. purpureum contains multiple valuable compounds of commercial interest. These results indicate that they can be favorably modulated using specific cultivation regimes and chemical enhancers, thereby facilitating the exploitation of the biomass by applying a suitable co-refinery pipeline.
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Borovkov AB, Gudvilovich IN, Maltseva IA, Rylkova OA, Maltsev YI. Growth and B-Phycoerythrin Production of Red Microalga Porphyridium purpureum (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) under Different Carbon Supply. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2124. [PMID: 36363716 PMCID: PMC9694327 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Red microalga Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew is a well-known object of biotechnology due to its unique ability to synthesize a wide range of biologically active compounds. Enough minerals in an accessible form in a medium are a prerequisite for maintaining a high growth rate of P. purpureum. Carbon is the main element of microalgal biomass and is a component of all organic compounds. The work aimed to study the morphological features of cells and the accumulation and production of B-phycoerythrin and total protein in P. purpureum biomass in different ways of supplying CO2 into the culture. In Variant 1, CO2 was directly injected into a gas-air mixture (2-3 percent v/v) used for culture bubbling via capillary. In Variant 2, the air was supplied to the culture through the aquarium sparger. Variant 3 was like the first one but without the additional introduction of carbon dioxide. The application of the method for sparging atmospheric air led to a significant increase in both the productivity of the P. purpureum and the rate of protein and B-phycoerythrin synthesis in comparison with growing it using the air without spraying (two-and-a-half times, five times, and more than eight times, respectively). Moreover, there were significant changes in the morphological structure of P. purpureum cells, which were visualized both by microscopy and by changes in the color of the culture. Based on the experimental data obtained, the variants for the carbon supply experiment were ranked as follows: Variant 1 is better than Variant 2 and Variant 3. The use of atomization as a technological method made it possible to speed up the transfer of carbon dioxide from the air to the medium, which helped to keep the growth rate of P. purpureum biomass and B-phycoerythrin accumulation high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei B. Borovkov
- Department of Biotechnology and Phytoresources, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, IBSS, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Irina N. Gudvilovich
- Department of Biotechnology and Phytoresources, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, IBSS, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Irina A. Maltseva
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, A. Makarenko Melitopol State University, 72312 Melitopol, Russia
| | - Olga A. Rylkova
- Department of Biotechnology and Phytoresources, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, IBSS, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Yevhen I. Maltsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of Aquatic Plants, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Zheng S, Zou S, Wang H, Feng T, Sun S, Chen H, Wang Q. Reducing culture medium nitrogen supply coupled with replenishing carbon nutrient simultaneously enhances the biomass and lipid production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1019806. [PMID: 36225359 PMCID: PMC9549070 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1019806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model strain to explore algal lipid metabolism mechanism, and exhibits great potentials in large-scale production of lipids. Completely lacking nitrogen is an efficient strategy to trigger the lipid synthesis in microalgal cells, while it always leads to the obvious reduction in the biomass. To illustrate the optimal culture substrate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) levels to simultaneously stimulate the growth and lipid production of C. reinhardtii, cells were cultivated under altered C and N concentrations. Results showed that replenishing 6 g/L sodium acetate (NaAc) could increase 1.50 and 1.53 times biomass and lipid productivity compared with 0 g/L NaAc treatment (the control), but total lipid content slightly decreased. Reducing 75% of basic medium (TAP) N level (0 g/L NaAc + 0.09 g/L NH4Cl treatment) could promote 21.57% total lipid content in comparison with the control (containing 0.38 g/L NH4Cl), but decrease 44.45% biomass and 34.15% lipid productivity. The result of the central composite design (CCD) experiment suggested the optimum total lipid content together with higher biomass and lipid productivity could be obtained under the condition of 4.12 g/L NaAc and 0.20 g/L NH4Cl. They reached 32.14%, 1.68 g/L and 108.21 mg/L/d, and increased by 36.77%, 93.10% and 1.75 times compared with the control, respectively. It suggests moderately increasing C supply and decreasing N levels could synchronously improve the biomass and lipid content of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shangyun Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shourui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
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Huang Z, Guo S, Guo Z, He Y, Chen B. Integrated green one-step strategy for concurrent recovery of phycobiliproteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids from wet Porphyridium biomass. Food Chem 2022; 389:133103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ji L, Liu Y, Luo J, Fan J. Freeze-thaw-assisted aqueous two-phase system as a green and low-cost option for analytical grade B-phycoerythrin production from unicellular microalgae Porphyridium purpureum. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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21
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Nishshanka GKSH, Anthonio RADP, Nimarshana PHV, Ariyadasa TU, Chang JS. Marine microalgae as sustainable feedstock for multi-product biorefineries. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Li C, Wu H, Xiang W, Wu H, Wang N, Wu J, Li T. Comparison of Production and Fluorescence Characteristics of Phycoerythrin from Three Strains of Porphyridium. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142069. [PMID: 35885311 PMCID: PMC9318751 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycoerythrin, a special photosynthetic pigment, is widely used as fluorescent dye and has lots of underlying beneficial effects on health. A marine red microalga Porphyridium is considered as the potential feedstock for phycoerythrin production. However, the phycoerythrin-related properties of Porphyridium have not been systematically evaluated, especially between the species of P. cruentum and P. purpureum. The present study aimed to evaluate the production and fluorescence characteristics of phycoerythrin of three strains of Porphyridium. The results showed that P. purpureum SCS-02 presented the highest biomass, phycoerythrin content and yield were 6.43 g L−1, 9.18% DW and 0.288 g L−1, respectively. There was no significant difference between P. purpureum and P. cruentum in α and β subunits amino acid sequences of phycoerythrin and in fluorescence characteristics. The high gene expression level of the key enzymes in phycoerythrobilin synthesis (porphobilinogen synthase and oxygen-dependent coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase) could be related to the high phycoerythrin content of Porphyridium. Based on systematic evaluation, P. purpureum SCS-02 was selected due to its high biomass and phycoerythrin yield. P. purpureum and P. cruentum were highly similar in the phylogenetic tree, as well as in fluorescence characteristics; therefore, it was speculated that they might be the same Porphyridium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Houbo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hualian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Na Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (C.L.); (H.W.); (W.X.); (H.W.); (N.W.); (J.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-89023013
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Chen C, Tang T, Shi Q, Zhou Z, Fan J. The potential and challenge of microalgae as promising future food sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Microalgae Polysaccharides: An Alternative Source for Food Production and Sustainable Agriculture. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates or polysaccharides are the main products derived from photosynthesis and carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. Compared to other sources, polysaccharides derived from microalgae are safe, biocompatible, biodegradable, stable, and versatile. These polymeric macromolecules present complex biochemical structures according to each microalgal species. In addition, they exhibit emulsifying properties and biological characteristics that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. Some microalgal species have a naturally high concentration of carbohydrates. Other species can adapt their metabolism to produce more sugars from changes in temperature and light, carbon source, macro and micronutrient limitations (mainly nitrogen), and saline stress. In addition to growing in adverse conditions, microalgae can use industrial effluents as an alternative source of nutrients. Microalgal polysaccharides are predominantly composed of pentose and hexose monosaccharide subunits with many glycosidic bonds. Microalgae polysaccharides can be structural constituents of the cell wall, energy stores, or protective polysaccharides and cell interaction. The industrial use of microalgae polysaccharides is on the rise. These microorganisms present rheological and biological properties, making them a promising candidate for application in the food industry and agriculture. Thus, microalgae polysaccharides are promising sustainable alternatives for potential applications in several sectors, and the choice of producing microalgal species depends on the required functional activity. In this context, this review article aims to provide an overview of microalgae technology for polysaccharide production, emphasizing its potential in the food, animal feed, and agriculture sector.
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Park YH, Han SI, Oh B, Kim HS, Jeon MS, Kim S, Choi YE. Microalgal secondary metabolite productions as a component of biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126206. [PMID: 34715342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interest in developing microalgae for industrial use has been increasing because of concerns about the depletion of petroleum resources and securing sustainable energy sources. Microalgae have high biomass productivity and short culture periods. However, despite these advantages, various barriers need to be overcome for industrial applications. Microalgal cultivation has a high unit price, thus rendering industrial application difficult. It is indispensably necessary to co-produce their primary and secondary metabolites to compensate for these shortcomings. In this regard, this article reviews the following aspects, (1) co-production of primary and secondary metabolites in microalgae, (2) induction methods for the promotion of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and (3) perspectives on the co-production and co-extraction of primary and secondary metabolites. This paper presents various approaches for producing useful metabolites from microalgae and suggests strategies that can be utilized for the co-production of primary and secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hwan Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Han
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeolnim Oh
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Jeon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Liu X, Wei L, Zhang J, Zhu K, Zhang H, Hua G, Cheng H. Effects of sulfate ions on growth and lipid synthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater with various carbon-to-nitrogen ratios altered by different ammonium and nitrate additions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125766. [PMID: 34416659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Producing biodiesel from microalgae is a promising strategy to upgrade energy structure. In this study, effects of sulfate (SO42-) on lipid synthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) cultivated in synthetic wastewater with different carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios regulated by ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N), separately, were investigated. The results shown that SO42- could dramatically increase cell growth preferring to NH4+-N supply. And SO42- addition could improve its carbon and nitrogen utilization potential for boosting lipid productivity leading α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) to occupy a dominant component (38.96%) in NH4+-N group at a C/N ratio of 7.5. Additionally, SO42- could enhance the enrichment and expression of up-regulated genes annotated in key enzymes such as GK, GNPAT, CRLS, plc and DEGS involved in glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolic pathways, resulting in carbon metabolism enhancement and sulfatide accumulation. This study brings a comprehensive view towards nutritional regulation of lipid synthesis in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Kongsong Zhu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guofen Hua
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Haomiao Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Castillo T, Ramos D, García-Beltrán T, Brito-Bazan M, Galindo E. Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae: An alternative to produce high-value metabolites. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li S, Huang J, Ji L, Chen C, Wu P, Zhang W, Tan G, Wu H, Fan J. Assessment of light distribution model for marine red microalga Porphyridium purpureum for sustainable production in photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mehariya S, Goswami RK, Karthikeysan OP, Verma P. Microalgae for high-value products: A way towards green nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130553. [PMID: 33940454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is a renewable bioresource with the potential to replace the conventional fossil-based industrial production of organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the microalgal biomass contains carotenoids, vitamins, and other biomolecules that are widely used as food supplements. However, the microalgal biomass production, their composition variations, energy-intensive harvesting methods, optimized bio-refinery routes, and lack of techno-economic analysis are the major bottleneck for the life-sized commercialization of this nascent bio-industry. This review discusses the microalgae-derived key bioactive compounds and their applications in different sectors for human health. Furthermore, this review proposes advanced strategies to enhance the productivity of bioactive compounds and highlight the key challenges associated with a safety issue for use of microalgae biomass. It also provides a detailed global scenario and market demand of microalgal bioproducts. In conclusion, this review will provide the concept of microalgal biorefinery to produce bioactive compounds at industrial scale platform for their application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sector considering their current and future market trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa Dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, CE, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeysan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA.
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Zhang Z, Guo L, Liao Q, Gao M, Zhao Y, Jin C, She Z, Wang G. Bacterial-algal coupling system for high strength mariculture wastewater treatment: Effect of temperature on nutrient recovery and microalgae cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125574. [PMID: 34303141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, bacterial-algal coupling system, an integration process of acidogenic fermentation and microalgae cultivation was used for high strength mariculture wastewater (HSMW) treatment, resource recovery and low-cost biomass production. The effect of temperature on Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) cultivation was investigated with culture medium of acidogenic liquid. The results showed that acidogenic liquid could be used as culture medium for C. vulgaris and higher biomass was obtained compared to control. The acidogenic liquid obtained at initial pH of 8 was the most suitable culture medium for C. vulgaris growth due to befitting C/N and considerable volatile fatty acids. Moreover, the optimum temperature for C. vulgaris cultivation was 25 °C and the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+-N from acidogenic liquid could reach 94.4% and 68.8%, respectively. The outcome could create an innovative value chain with environmental sustainability and economic feasibility in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshuai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qianru Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Gavalás-Olea A, Siol A, Sakka Y, Köser J, Nentwig N, Hauser T, Filser J, Thöming J, Lang I. Potential of the Red Alga Dixoniella grisea for the Production of Additives for Lubricants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1836. [PMID: 34579369 PMCID: PMC8465309 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in algae-based raw materials for medical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications. Additionally, the high diversity of physicochemical properties of the different algal metabolites proposes these substances from microalgae as possible additives in the chemical industry. Among the wide range of natural products from red microalgae, research has mainly focused on extracellular polymers for additive use, while this study also considers the cellular components. The aim of the present study is to analytically characterize the extra- and intracellular molecular composition from the red microalga Dixoniella grisea and to evaluate its potential for being used in the tribological industry. D. grisea samples, fractionated into extracellular polymers (EPS), cells and medium, were examined for their molecular composition. This alga produces a highly viscous polymer, mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins, being secreted into the culture medium. The EPS and biomass significantly differed in their molecular composition, indicating that they might be used for different bio-additive products. We also show that polysaccharides and proteins were the major chemical compounds in EPS, whereas the content of lipids depended on the separation protocol and the resulting product. Still, they did not represent a major group and were thus classified as a potential valuable side-product. Lyophilized algal fractions obtained from D. grisea were found to be not toxic when EPS were not included. Upon implementation of EPS as a commercial product, further assessment on the environmental toxicity to enchytraeids and other soil organisms is required. Our results provide a possible direction for developing a process to gain an environmentally friendly bio-additive for application in the tribological industry based on a biorefinery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gavalás-Olea
- Algae Biotechnology, Institute of EcoMaterials, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; (A.G.-O.); (T.H.)
| | - Antje Siol
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Department Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (A.S.); (J.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Yvonne Sakka
- Center for Environmental Research and sustainable Technology (UFT), Department General and Theoretical Ecology (ÖKO), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Köser
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Department Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (A.S.); (J.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Nina Nentwig
- Center for Environmental Research and sustainable Technology (UFT), Department General and Theoretical Ecology (ÖKO), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Thomas Hauser
- Algae Biotechnology, Institute of EcoMaterials, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; (A.G.-O.); (T.H.)
| | - Juliane Filser
- Center for Environmental Research and sustainable Technology (UFT), Department General and Theoretical Ecology (ÖKO), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Department Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (A.S.); (J.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Imke Lang
- Algae Biotechnology, Institute of EcoMaterials, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; (A.G.-O.); (T.H.)
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32
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Ji L, Li S, Chen C, Jin H, Wu H, Fan J. Physiological and transcriptome analysis elucidates the metabolic mechanism of versatile Porphyridium purpureum under nitrogen deprivation for exopolysaccharides accumulation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:73. [PMID: 38650296 PMCID: PMC10991915 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyridium purpureum is a mesophilic, unicellular red alga rich in phycoerythrin, sulfate polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nitrogen deficiency inhibited the growth of P. purpureum and resulted in yellowing of the cells and thickening of the extracellular viscousness sheath. Under nitrogen stress, the contents of total lipids and exopolysaccharides in P. purpureum were increased by 65.2% and 188.0%, respectively. We demonstrate that the immediate response of P. purpureum to nitrogen deficiency is mediated by carbon flow to polysaccharide synthesis, while the synthesis of lipids is enhanced as a permanent energy storage substance at the later stage. Based on transcriptome annotation information, we elucidate the synthesis pathway of polysaccharides from P. purpureum from the perspective of glycosyl-donor interconversion, and demonstrate that the n-6 pathway is the main synthesis pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study not only provides a production strategy for polysaccharides and fatty acids by single-celled marine red algae P. purpureum, but also provides targets for further genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Jin
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Shahid A, Usman M, Atta Z, Musharraf SG, Malik S, Elkamel A, Shahid M, Abdulhamid Alkhattabi N, Gull M, Mehmood MA. Impact of wastewater cultivation on pollutant removal, biomass production, metabolite biosynthesis, and carbon dioxide fixation of newly isolated cyanobacteria in a multiproduct biorefinery paradigm. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125194. [PMID: 33910117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of wastewater cultivation was studied on pollutant removal, biomass production, and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites by newly isolated cyanobacteria namely Acaryochloris marina BERC03, Oscillatoria sp. BERC04, and Pleurocapsa sp. BERC06. During cultivation in urabn wastewater, its pH used to adjust from pH 8.0 to 11, offering contamination-free cultivation, and flotation-based easy harvesting. Besides, wastewater cultivation improved biomass production by 1.3-fold when compared to control along with 3.54-4.2 gL-1 of CO2 fixation, concomitantly removing suspended organic matter, total nitrogen, and phosphorus by 100%, 53%, and 88%, respectively. Biomass accumulated 26-36% carbohydrates, 15-28% proteins, 38-43% lipids, and 6.3-9.5% phycobilins, where phycobilin yield was improved by 1.6-fold when compared to control. Lipids extracted from the pigment-free biomass were trans-esterified to biodiesel where pigment extraction showed no negative impact on quality of the biodiesel. These strains demonstrated the potential to become feedstock of an integrated biorefinery using urban wastewater as low-cost growth media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Atta
- Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Munazza Gull
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China; Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) as Microalgal Bioproducts: A Review of Factors Affecting EPS Synthesis and Application in Flocculation Processes. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14134007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are natural resources of intracellular compounds with a wide spectrum of applications in, e.g., the food industry, pharmacy, and biofuel production. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) released by microalgal cells are a valuable bioproduct. Polysaccharides, protein, lipids, and DNA are the main constituents of EPS. This review presents the recent advances in the field of the determinants of the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances by microalgal cells and the EPS structure. Physical and chemical culture conditions have been analyzed to achieve useful insights into the development of a strategy optimizing EPS production by microalgal cells. The application of microalgal EPS for flocculation and mechanisms involved in this process are also discussed in terms of biomass harvesting. Additionally, the ability of EPS to remove toxic heavy metals has been analyzed. With their flocculation and sorption properties, microalgal EPS are a promising bioproduct that can potentially be used in harvesting algal biomass and wastewater management.
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Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Castillo-Zacarías C, Núñez-Goitia G, Martínez-Prado MA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, López-Pacheco IY, Sosa-Hernández JE, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Implementation of k La-Based Strategy for Scaling Up Porphyridium purpureum (Red Marine Microalga) to Produce High-Value Phycoerythrin, Fatty Acids, and Proteins. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060290. [PMID: 34064032 PMCID: PMC8224092 DOI: 10.3390/md19060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyridium purpureum is a well-known Rhodophyta that recently has attracted enormous attention because of its capacity to produce many high-value metabolites such as the pigment phycoerythrin and several high-value fatty acids. Phycoerythrin is a fluorescent red protein-pigment commercially relevant with antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and fluorescent properties. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) was kept constant within the different scaling-up stages in the present study. This scaling-up strategy was sought to maintain phycoerythrin production and other high-value metabolites by Porphyridium purpureum, using hanging-bag photobioreactors. The kLa was monitored to ensure the appropriate mixing and CO2 diffusion in the entire culture during the scaling process (16, 80, and 400 L). Then, biomass concentration, proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and phycoerythrin were determined in each step of the scaling-up process. The kLa at 16 L reached a level of 0.0052 s-1, while at 80 L, a value of 0.0024 s-1 was achieved. This work result indicated that at 400 L, 1.22 g L-1 of biomass was obtained, and total carbohydrates (117.24 mg L-1), proteins (240.63 mg L-1), and lipids (17.75% DW) were accumulated. Regarding fatty acids production, 46.03% palmitic, 8.03% linoleic, 22.67% arachidonic, and 2.55% eicosapentaenoic acid were identified, principally. The phycoerythrin production was 20.88 mg L-1 with a purity of 2.75, making it viable for food-related applications. The results of these experiments provide insight into the high-scale production of phycoerythrin via the cultivation of P. purpureum in an inexpensive and straightforward culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Isabel Rodas-Zuluaga
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Carlos Castillo-Zacarías
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Gabriela Núñez-Goitia
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico; (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.-P.)
| | - María Adriana Martínez-Prado
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico; (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.-P.)
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Itzel Y. López-Pacheco
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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Huang Z, Zhong C, Dai J, Li S, Zheng M, He Y, Wang M, Chen B. Simultaneous enhancement on renewable bioactive compounds from Porphyridium cruentum via a novel two-stage cultivation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Patwal T, Baranwal M. Scenedesmus acutus extracellular polysaccharides produced under increased concentration of sulphur and phosphorus exhibited enhanced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:171. [PMID: 33754120 PMCID: PMC7969348 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from microalgae are promising immune cell proliferation agents, that could be potentially used as immunostimulants. In the current study, Scenedesmus acutus (S. acutus) was grown under varying nutrient (sulphur and phosphorus) concentrations to enhance the EPS production, and the isolated EPS were assessed for their effect on cell proliferation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Five different concentrations of MgSO4 (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.25 g/L) and K2HPO4 (0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/L) were taken as compared to the normal culture conditions (0.75 g/L MgSO4 and 0.4 g/L K2HPO4) with the intention to enrich EPS secretion. LC–MS, FTIR and NMR analysis revealed that isolated EPS have the characteristic spectrum of hetero-polysaccharides (octa-saccharides). Immunostimulatory property of EPS was demonstrated by their ability to augment PBMC proliferation as measured by MTT assay. Further, increase in the glucose content and proliferative index was observed for EPS obtained under higher concentrations of MgSO4 (1 and 1.25 g/L) and K2HPO4 (0.6 and 0.8 g/L) relative to normal culture conditions. Effects of the generated EPS under varying concentration of MgSO4 (r = 0.84–0.99) and K2HPO4 (r = 0.76–0.97) remained strongly correlated with cell count, chlorophyll content, total biomass, glucose, proliferative index and its scavenging activity. Collectively, our data not only showed that EPS generated by S. acutus under higher concentration of K2HPO4 and MgSO4 possess improved immunostimulatory properties, but also provides convincing evidence towards nutritional optimization of alga for enhanced EPS production with better bioactivities.
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Jareonsin S, Pumas C. Advantages of Heterotrophic Microalgae as a Host for Phytochemicals Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:628597. [PMID: 33644020 PMCID: PMC7907617 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.628597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most commercial recombinant technologies rely on host systems. However, each host has their own benefits and drawbacks, depending on the target products. Prokaryote host is lack of post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, making them unsuitable for eukaryotic productions like phytochemicals. Even there are other eukaryote hosts (e.g., transgenic animals, mammalian cell, and transgenic plants), but those hosts have some limitations, such as low yield, high cost, time consuming, virus contamination, and so on. Thus, flexible platforms and efficient methods that can produced phytochemicals are required. The use of heterotrophic microalgae as a host system is interesting because it possibly overcome those obstacles. This paper presents a comprehensive review of heterotrophic microalgal expression host including advantages of heterotrophic microalgae as a host, genetic engineering of microalgae, genetic transformation of microalgae, microalgal engineering for phytochemicals production, challenges of microalgal hosts, key market trends, and future view. Finally, this review might be a directions of the alternative microalgae host for high-value phytochemicals production in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surumpa Jareonsin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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You X, Zhang Z, Guo L, Liao Q, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Jin C, Gao M, She Z, Wang G. Integrating acidogenic fermentation and microalgae cultivation of bacterial-algal coupling system for mariculture wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124335. [PMID: 33157451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Bacterial-Algal Coupling System, a method integrated acidogenic fermentation (AF) and microalgae cultivation, was applied to the mariculture wastewater (MW) treatment. The MW was acidogenic fermented at different initial pH (4.0-10.0), and different dilution rate (5%-20%) of AF effluent was used for Chlorella vulgaris cultivation. The results showed that the maximum biomass production (5.6 g/L) of microalgae was obtained with 10% AF effluent. Ammonium, phosphate and volatile fatty acids could be metabolized by microalgae. More specifically, acetic acid and propionic acid were utilized prior to butyric acid and valeric acid. To better understand the synergy of heterotrophic metabolism and photosynthesis, the activities of Rubisco and citrate synthase were revealed to provide additional insight for nutrients recovery from MW by mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zengshuai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qianru Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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