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Khan MQ, Khan J, Alvi MAH, Nawaz H, Fahad M, Umar M. Nanomaterial-based sensors for microbe detection: a review. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:120. [PMID: 39080121 PMCID: PMC11289191 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms pose a significant health threat, causing various illnesses. Traditional detection methods are often slow and complex. This review highlights the potential of nanomaterial-based biosensors, particularly colorimetric sensors, for rapid and on-site detection of airborne microbes. Colorimetric sensors offer real-time visual detection without complex instrumentation. We explore the integration of these sensors with Lab-on-a-Chip technology using PDMS microfluidics. This review also proposes a novel PDMS-based colorimetric biosensor for real-time detection of airborne microbes. The sensor utilizes a color change phenomenon easily observable with the naked eye, simplifying analysis and potentially enabling point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas Haider Alvi
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Nawaz
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Muhammad Fahad
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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2
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Luong AD, Buzid A, Vashist SK, Luong JHT. Perspectives on electrochemical biosensing of COVID-19. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021; 30:100794. [PMID: 34250313 PMCID: PMC8254385 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of human coronavirus disease 2019, termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 infection, is urgently needed for containment strategy owing to its unprecedented spreading. Novel biosensors can be deployed in remote clinical settings without central facilities for infection screening. Electrochemical biosensors serve as analytical tools for rapid detection of viral structure proteins, mainly spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, human immune responses, reactive oxygen species, viral ribonucleic acid, polymerase chain reaction by-products, and other potential biomarkers. The development of point-of-care testing devices is challenging due to the requirement of extensive validation, a time-consuming and expensive step. Together with specific biorecognition molecules, nanomaterial-based biosensors have emerged for the fast detection of early viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Luong
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
| | - Alyah Buzid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep K Vashist
- Pictor Pvt. Ltd., 24 Balfour Road Parnell, Auckland, 1052, New Zealand
| | - John H T Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), School of Chemistry and Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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3
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Balkourani G, Brouzgou A, Archonti M, Papandrianos N, Song S, Tsiakaras P. Emerging materials for the electrochemical detection of COVID-19. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021; 893:115289. [PMID: 33907536 PMCID: PMC8062413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is still causing a dramatic loss of human lives worldwide, constituting an unprecedented challenge for the society, public health and economy, to overcome. The up-to-date diagnostic tests, PCR, antibody ELISA and Rapid Antigen, require special equipment, hours of analysis and special staff. For this reason, many research groups have focused recently on the design and development of electrochemical biosensors for the SARS-CoV-2 detection, indicating that they can play a significant role in controlling COVID disease. In this review we thoroughly discuss the transducer electrode nanomaterials investigated in order to improve the sensitivity, specificity and response time of the as-developed SARS-CoV-2 electrochemical biosensors. Particularly, we mainly focus on the results appeard on Au-based and carbon or graphene-based electrodes, which are the main material groups recently investigated worldwidely. Additionally, the adopted electrochemical detection techniques are also discussed, highlighting their pros and cos. The nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors could enable a fast, accurate and without special cost, virus detection. However, further research is required in terms of new nanomaterials and synthesis strategies in order the SARS-CoV-2 electrochemical biosensors to be commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Balkourani
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 1 Sekeri Str., Pedion Areos, 38834 Volos, Greece
| | - A Brouzgou
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 1 Sekeri Str., Pedion Areos, 38834 Volos, Greece
- Department of Energy Systems, Faculty of Technology, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - M Archonti
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 1 Sekeri Str., Pedion Areos, 38834 Volos, Greece
| | - N Papandrianos
- Department of Energy Systems, Faculty of Technology, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - S Song
- The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - P Tsiakaras
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 1 Sekeri Str., Pedion Areos, 38834 Volos, Greece
- Laboratory of Materials and Devices for Clean Energy, Department of Technology of Electrochemical Processes, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes, Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry (RAS), Yekaterinburg 620990, Russian Federation
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4
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Lim RRX, Bonanni A. The potential of electrochemistry for the detection of coronavirus-induced infections. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 133:116081. [PMID: 33518851 PMCID: PMC7836945 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are no stranger to the global environment. The etiology of previous outbreaks with reported symptoms of respiratory tract infections was attributed to different coronavirus strains, with the latest global pandemic in 2019 also belonging to the coronavirus family. Timely detection, effective therapeutics and future prevention are stake key holders in the management of coronavirus-induced infections. Apart from the gold standard clinical diagnostics, electrochemical techniques have also demonstrated their great potentials in the detection of different viruses and their correlated antibodies and antigens, showing high sensitivities and selectivities, and faster times for the analysis. This article aims to critically review the multifaceted electrochemical approaches, not only in the development of point-of-care portable devices but also as alternative detection strategies that can be coupled with traditional methods for the detection of various strains of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Rui Xia Lim
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Bonanni
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Alhalaili B, Popescu IN, Kamoun O, Alzubi F, Alawadhia S, Vidu R. Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6591. [PMID: 33218097 PMCID: PMC7698809 DOI: 10.3390/s20226591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered a public health emergency of international concern. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused this pandemic has spread rapidly to over 200 countries, and has drastically affected public health and the economies of states at unprecedented levels. In this context, efforts around the world are focusing on solving this problem in several directions of research, by: (i) exploring the origin and evolution of the phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome; (ii) developing nanobiosensors that could be highly effective in detecting the new coronavirus; (iii) finding effective treatments for COVID-19; and (iv) working on vaccine development. In this paper, an overview of the progress made in the development of nanobiosensors for the detection of human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is presented, along with specific techniques for modifying the surface of nanobiosensors. The newest detection methods of the influenza virus responsible for acute respiratory syndrome were compared with conventional methods, highlighting the newest trends in diagnostics, applications, and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 causative virus) nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alhalaili
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (B.A.); (F.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ileana Nicoleta Popescu
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia Street, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Olfa Kamoun
- Physics of Semiconductor Devices Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Feras Alzubi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (B.A.); (F.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sami Alawadhia
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (B.A.); (F.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ruxandra Vidu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Nagar B, Balsells M, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Gomez-Romero P, Merkoçi A. Fully printed one-step biosensing device using graphene/AuNPs composite. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:238-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Tak M, Gupta V, Tomar M. An electrochemical DNA biosensor based on Ni doped ZnO thin film for meningitis detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Matsishin MJ, Ushenin IV, Rachkov AE, Solatkin AP. SPR Detection and Discrimination of the Oligonucleotides Related to the Normal and the Hybrid bcr-abl Genes by Two Stringency Control Strategies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 26759355 PMCID: PMC4710624 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we applied two stringency control strategies for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of DNA hybridization and discrimination of completely and partially complementary 24-mer sequences. These sequences are specific to the human normal bcr and the hybrid bcr-abl genes, protein products of which are responsible for some leukemia. SPR sensors based on resonance phenomena in nanoscale gold films are well suited for label-free, real-time investigations of the macromolecule interactions. Thermodynamic parameters obtained using the web server DINAMelt allowed supposing the possibility for realization (a) stringency control based on the ionic strength of the hybridization buffer and (b) stringency control based on the temperature elevation. The first one resulted in that the discrimination index of completely complementary and partially complementary oligonucleotides depending on the target concentration varied from 1.3 to 1.8 in 2 × SSC and from 2.0 to 2.9 in 0.5 × SSC. For implementation of the second stringency control strategy, SPR spectrometer measuring flow cell with built-in high-precision temperature control and regulation as well as corresponding software was created. It is shown that the duplexes formed by the immobilized probes mod-Ph and completely complementary oligonucleotides P1 remained without significant changes until ~50 °C, while the duplexes formed with partially complementary oligonucleotide Bcrex14 almost entirely disrupted at 40 °C. Thus, the absolutely effective thermodiscrimination of this pair of oligonucleotides was achieved in this temperature range (40-50 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Matsishin
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 64 Volodymyrska Str., 01003, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Iu V Ushenin
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, Prospect Nauki, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - A E Rachkov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A P Solatkin
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 64 Volodymyrska Str., 01003, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
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9
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Hajihosseini S, Nasirizadeh N, Hejazi MS, Yaghmaei P. A sensitive DNA biosensor fabricated from gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide on a glassy carbon electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:506-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Yuan L, Tu W, Bao J, Dai Z. Versatile biosensing platform for DNA detection based on a DNAzyme and restriction-endonuclease-assisted recycling. Anal Chem 2014; 87:686-92. [PMID: 25493424 DOI: 10.1021/ac5034903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a DNAzyme and a restriction-endonuclease-assisted target recycling strategy using Pd-Au alloy nanocrystals to immobilize probe DNA on an electrode and catalyze the reduction of H2O2 which amplified signal and promoted the detection sensitivity, a versatile biosensing platform for DNA detection was proposed. Using p53 and oral cancer genes as models, hemin/G-quadruplex simultaneously acted as a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase and a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking DNAzyme, and a versatile DNA biosensor was designed for the first time based on the good electrocatalytic activity of Pd-Au alloy nanocrystals. Hemin/G-quadruplex catalyzed the reduction of H2O2, which was generated from NADH in the presence of O2, to produce an electrochemical signal when thionine functioned as the electron mediator. Moreover, the nicking endonuclease N.BstNB I caused the target DNA to cycle for multiple rounds and further amplified the electrochemical response. This versatile DNA biosensor exhibited linear ranges for the detection of p53 and oral cancer genes from 0.1 fmol L(-1) to 0.1 nmol L(-1) and 0.1 fmol L(-1) to 1 nmol L(-1), respectively. The detection limits, established as 3σ, were estimated to be 0.03 and 0.06 fmol L(-1) for the p53 and oral cancer genes, respectively. The as-prepared biosensor could discriminate mismatched sequences, indicating a satisfactory selectivity and validating the feasibility of the proposed strategy. More importantly, simply by changing the helper DNA, this versatile DNA biosensor could detect different target DNA species, which could create a new avenue for the potential diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
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11
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García-González R, Costa-García A, Fernández-Abedul MT. Methylene blue covalently attached to single stranded DNA as electroactive label for potential bioassays. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 191:784-790. [PMID: 32288245 PMCID: PMC7127606 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue is an electroactive molecule that has been employed for the detection of the DNA hybridization event in electrochemical sensors. However, its use as a covalent label is very scarce and in most of the cases, non-covalent interactions (hydrophobic, electrostatic) are employed. Although it has advantages as simplicity and fewer number of procedure steps, the covalent attachment is less exploited in the development of these sensors. In this article, the electrochemical behavior of methylene blue attached to different DNA-strands is studied. Several lengths (15- and 30-mer) and different degree of DNA modification (MB-DNA, MB-DNA-MB and MB-DNA-SH) have been studied. The highest signals were obtained for longer strands with two MB molecules. In all the cases the signal is enhanced by CNT-nanostructuration of the electrode. Adsorption on these modified screen-printed electrodes allowed the amplification by employing an accumulation time. In this way, a sensitivity of -0.2864 μA μM-1 and a limit of detection of 800 nM for a 120 s accumulation time were obtained.
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12
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Rachkov A, Patskovsky S, Soldatkin A, Meunier M. Discrimination of single base mismatched oligonucleotides related to the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:453-8. [PMID: 23654350 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Single base mismatched oligonucleotides related to the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the mutations of which cause drug resistance of the infectious agent, were detected and discriminated using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor system. Thiol-modified oligonucleotides of the selected sequence (the probe) and 1-mercapto-6-hexanol were immobilized on a gold sensor surface. Hybridization between immobilized probe P2 and perfectly matched target T2 as well as a single base mismatched target TN was investigated in buffer solutions of various stringencies. Discrimination of perfectly matched and single base mismatched targets is achieved due to a difference in the level of their hybridization with the immobilized probe depending on stringency of the buffer solution. In 0.5×SSC buffer solution (7.5 mM sodium citrate, pH 7, containing 75 mM NaCl), sensor response at T2 injection into the measuring sensor cell was 16 times that at TN injection. The experimental results on surface hybridization between the studied oligonucleotides demonstrated a good correlation with theoretical calculations of thermodynamic parameters of these interactions in the solution. The described approach could be proposed as a basis for creating a biosensor for real-time label-free diagnostics of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rachkov
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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13
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Xu X, Weng X, Liu A, Lin Q, Wang C, Chen W, Lin X. Electrochemical genosensor for detection of human mammaglobin in polymerase chain reaction amplification products of breast cancer patients. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3097-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ulianas A, Heng LY, Hanifah SA, Ling TL. An electrochemical DNA microbiosensor based on succinimide-modified acrylic microspheres. SENSORS 2012; 12:5445-60. [PMID: 22778594 PMCID: PMC3386693 DOI: 10.3390/s120505445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical microbiosensor for DNA has been fabricated based on new acrylic microspheres modified with reactive N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) functional groups. Hydrophobic poly(n-butylacrylate-N-acryloxysuccinimide) microspheres were synthesized in an emulsion form with a simple one-step photopolymerization technique. Aminated DNA probe was attached to the succinimde functional group of the acrylic microspheres via covalent bonding. The hybridization of the immobilized DNA probe with the complementary DNA was studied by differential pulse voltametry using anthraquninone-2-sulfonic acid monohydrate sodium salt (AQMS) as the electroactive hybridization label. The influences of many factors such as duration of DNA probe immobilization and hybridization, pH, type of ions, buffer concentrations, ionic strength, operational temperature and non-complementary DNA on the biosensor performance were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the DNA microbiosensor demonstrated a linear response range to target DNA over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10−16 and 1.0 × 10−8 M with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 9.46 × 10−17 M (R2 = 0.97). This DNA microbiosensor showed good reproducibility with 2.84% RSD (relative standard deviation) (n = 3). Application of the NAS-modified acrylic microspheres in the construction of DNA microbiosensor had improved the overall analytical performance of the resultant DNA microbiosensor when compared with other reported DNA biosensors using other nano-materials for membranes and microspheres as DNA immobilization matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizar Ulianas
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.U.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.U.); (S.A.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Fax: +60-3-8921-5410
| | - Sharina Abu Hanifah
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.U.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Tan Ling Ling
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Noorbakhsh A, Salimi A. Development of DNA electrochemical biosensor based on immobilization of ssDNA on the surface of nickel oxide nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 30:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Ahangar LE, Mehrgardi MA. 3,4-Diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) as a redox label for electrochemical detection of single base mismatches. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Ag(I)-cysteamine complex based electrochemical stripping immunoassay: Ultrasensitive human IgG detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4429-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lin L, Liu Y, Tang L, Li J. Electrochemical DNA sensor by the assembly of graphene and DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticles with silver enhancement strategy. Analyst 2011; 136:4732-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nasirizadeh N, Zare HR, Pournaghi-Azar MH, Hejazi MS. Introduction of hematoxylin as an electroactive label for DNA biosensors and its employment in detection of target DNA sequence and single-base mismatch in human papilloma virus corresponding to oligonucleotide. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2638-44. [PMID: 21146975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For the detection of DNA hybridization, a new electrochemical biosensor was developed on the basis of the interaction of hematoxylin with 20-mer deoxyoligonucleotides (from human papilloma virus, HPV). The study was performed based on the interaction of hematoxylin with an alkanethiol DNA probe self-assembled gold electrode (ss-DNA/AuE) and its hybridization form (ds-DNA/AuE). The optimum conditions were found for the immobilization of HPV probe on the gold electrode (AuE) surface and its hybridization with the target DNA. Electrochemical detection of the self-assembled DNA and the hybridization process were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) over the potential range where the accumulated hematoxylin at the modified electrode was electroactive. Observing a remarkable difference between the voltammetric signals of the hematoxylin obtained from different hybridization samples (non-complementary, mismatch and complementary DNAs), we confirmed the potential of the developed biosensor in detecting and discriminating the target complementary DNA from non-complementary and mismatch oligonucleotides. Under optimum conditions, the electrochemical signal had a linear relationship with the concentration of the target DNA ranging from 12.5 nM to 350.0 nM, and the detection limit was 3.8 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
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Plata MR, Contento AM, Ríos A. State-of-the-art of (bio)chemical sensor developments in analytical Spanish groups. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:2511-76. [PMID: 22319260 PMCID: PMC3274191 DOI: 10.3390/s100402511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(Bio)chemical sensors are one of the most exciting fields in analytical chemistry today. The development of these analytical devices simplifies and miniaturizes the whole analytical process. Although the initial expectation of the massive incorporation of sensors in routine analytical work has been truncated to some extent, in many other cases analytical methods based on sensor technology have solved important analytical problems. Many research groups are working in this field world-wide, reporting interesting results so far. Modestly, Spanish researchers have contributed to these recent developments. In this review, we summarize the more representative achievements carried out for these groups. They cover a wide variety of sensors, including optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric or electro-mechanical devices, used for laboratory or field analyses. The capabilities to be used in different applied areas are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Reyes Plata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla, La Mancha, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.P.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ana María Contento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla, La Mancha, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.P.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Angel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Castilla, La Mancha, 13004, Ciudad Real, Spain; E-Mails: (M.R.P.); (A.M.C.)
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Yu Y, Feng C, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Knoll W. The detection of DNA hybridization on phosphorus dendrimer multilayer films by surface plasmon field enhanced-fluorescence spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13680-13684. [PMID: 19711957 DOI: 10.1021/la901988r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimer multilayers on gold substrates prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique were characterized and used as substrates for DNA immobilization/hybridization. The multilayers, built using alternately polycationic and polyanionic phosphorus dendrimers of generation 4, were studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. By varying the concentration of NaCl, the optimized optical thickness of a single dendrimer layer (about 4.5 nm) was achieved. Using the multilayers as the substrate, a high loading of DNA probes was obtained through covalent coupling of probe DNA on dendrimer multilayer film. The following hybridization of Cy5-dye labeled complementary target DNA with immobilized probe DNA was detected by surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS). The limit of detection of target DNA upon hybridization reached 50 pM and 30 pM on 1 bilayer and 4 bilayers, respectively. The phosphorus dendrimer multilayer films display high stability during repeated regeneration and hybridization cycles. The sensitive platforms based on dendrimer multilayers deposited in the presence of NaCl make them attractive candidates for application in DNA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D55128, Mainz, Germany
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22
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Controlling the electrochemical deposition of silver onto gold nanoparticles: Reducing interferences and increasing the sensitivity of magnetoimmuno assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2475-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang Y, Ma H, Zhang K, Zhang S, Wang J. An improved DNA biosensor built by layer-by-layer covalent attachment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Marin S, Merkoçi A. Direct electrochemical stripping detection of cystic-fibrosis-related DNA linked through cadmium sulfide quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:055101. [PMID: 19417332 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/5/055101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection of a cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs)-DNA complex connected to paramagnetic microbeads (MB) was performed without the need for chemical dissolving. The method is based on dropping 20 microl of CdS QD-DNA-MB suspension on the surface of a screen-printed electrode. It is followed by magnetic collection on the surface of the working electrode and electrochemical detection using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), giving a well-shaped and sensitive analytical signal. A cystic-fibrosis-related DNA sequence was sandwiched between the two DNA probes. One DNA probe is linked via biotin-streptavidin bonding with MB and the other one via thiol groups with the CdS QD used as tags. Nonspecific signals of DNA were minimized using a blocking agent and the results obtained were successfully employed in a model DNA sensor with an interest in future applications in the clinical field. The developed nanoparticle biosensing system may offer numerous opportunities in other fields where fast, low cost and efficient detection of small volume samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Marin
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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25
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Martínez-Paredes G, González-García M, Costa-García A. Genosensor for SARS Virus Detection Based on Gold Nanostructured Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Ultra-sensitive detection of mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma DNA using square wave stripping voltammetry method and amplified gold nanoparticle biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:1899-904. [PMID: 19010660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an ultra-sensitive technique for the electrochemical detection of the mutated BRAF gene associated with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). In the proposed approach, a biotinylated 30-nucleotides probe DNA was immobilized in a streptavidin-modified 96-well microtiter plate and the free active sites of the streptavidin were blocked using biotinylated bovine serum albumin (BSA). The biotinylated target DNA was then added and allowed to hybridize with the immobilized probe DNA for 30min. Subsequently, streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles were added, and a nanoparticle enlargement process was performed using gold ion solution and formaldehyde reductant. The gold particles were then dissolved in bromide and DNA hybridization detection process was performed using a square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) technique. The results indicated a stable SWSV response in differential detection between blank solution and target DNA solution with a concentration of 130aM. Moreover, the coefficient of determination (R(2)) of the semi-log plot of the SWSV response current against the target DNA concentration (0.52-1300aM) was found to be 0.9982. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.35aM (based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1). This value was approximately three orders of magnitude lower than that obtained using the same method but without gold amplification process. Finally, the proposed approach is successful in differentiating between the mutant and wildtype BRAF sequences that are present in genuine 224-nucleotides DNA.
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27
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Lao AIK, Su X, Aung KMM. SPR study of DNA hybridization with DNA and PNA probes under stringent conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:1717-22. [PMID: 19010658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy has been used for studying on-chip DNA hybridization to a PNA probe and its counterpart DNA probe of a 22-mer sequence. Two stringency control strategies are used for single base mismatch discrimination, namely (1) adding a denaturant, i.e. formamide (FA), into hybridization buffer and (2) coupling negative potentials for selective dehybridization of mismatch DNA. These two strategies have either not been used before or been less-well studied in SPR detection. An end-point SPR measurement protocol (no real-time hybridization profile recorded) is developed for detecting DNA hybridization in the presence of FA, to circumvent the problem that the refractive index of FA is out of the detectable range of the SPR equipment. The missing of real-time measurement of hybridization profile is compensated with QCM measurement. Under optimal conditions, i.e. 10mM PBS with 30% FA and 1mM PBS with 50% FA, single base mismatch DNA is detected with 1.7 and 2.8 times less hybridization signals compared with the perfect match DNA, with the DNA probe and PNA probe, respectively. Under negative potential of -0.2 to -0.4V (vs. Ag/AgCl), mismatch DNA dissociates more than perfect match DNA by 1.7-2.5 times from the DNA probe and 2.1-3.5 times from the PNA probe. The higher mismatch discrimination efficiency of the PNA probe under stringent conditions would be attributable to its higher intrinsic sequence selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ieng Kin Lao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore
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28
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Díaz-González M, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, González-García MB, Costa-García A. DNA hybridization biosensors using polylysine modified SPCEs. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1340-6. [PMID: 18207382 PMCID: PMC7127112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensors (genosensors) for the detection of a 30-mer sequence unique to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus are described in this work. Both genosensors rely on the hybridization of the oligonucleotide target with its complementary probe, which is immobilized on positively charged polylysine modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), through electrostatic interactions. In one design, a biotinylated target is used and the detection of the hybridization reaction is monitored using alkaline phosphatase labeled streptavidin (S-AP). This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the substrate 3-indoxyl phosphate (3-IP) to indigo, which is then solubilized to indigo carmine and detected by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). In the other design, the target is labeled using an Au(I) complex, sodium aurothiomalate, and the duplex formation is detected by measuring, for first time, the current generated by the hydrogen evolution catalyzed by the gold label. Using 30 min of hybridization time, a detection limit of 8 pM is calculated for the enzymatic genosensor. Although this good sensitivity cannot be reached with the metal label (0.5 nM), the use of this label allows a considerable decrease of the analysis time. Both genosensors do not require the modification of the oligonucleotide probe and using stringent experimental conditions (60 min of hybridization time and 50% formamide in the hybridization buffer) can discriminate between a complementary oligonucleotide and an oligonucleotide with a three-base mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Díaz-González
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang J, Li G. Electrochemical Sensors for Clinic Analysis. SENSORS 2008; 8:2043-2081. [PMID: 27879810 PMCID: PMC3673406 DOI: 10.3390/s8042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Demanded by modern medical diagnosis, advances in microfabrication technology have led to the development of fast, sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for clinic analysis. This review addresses the principles behind electrochemical sensor design and fabrication, and introduces recent progress in the application of electrochemical sensors to analysis of clinical chemicals such as blood gases, electrolytes, metabolites, DNA and antibodies, including basic and applied research. Miniaturized commercial electrochemical biosensors will form the basis of inexpensive and easy to use devices for acquiring chemical information to bring sophisticated analytical capabilities to the non-specialist and general public alike in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Jianming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
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Fanjul-Bolado P, Hernández-Santos D, González-García MB, Costa-García A. Alkaline Phosphatase-Catalyzed Silver Deposition for Electrochemical Detection. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5272-7. [PMID: 17569504 DOI: 10.1021/ac070624o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is one of the most used enzymatic labels for the development of ELISAs, immunosensors, DNA hybridization assays, etc. This enzyme catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a substrate into a detectable product usually quantified by optical or electrochemical measurements. This work is based on a substrate (3-indoxyl phosphate) that produces a compound able to reduce silver ions in solution into a metallic deposit, which is localized where the enzymatic label AP is attached. The deposited silver is electrochemically stripped into solution and measured by anodic stripping voltammetry. Its application to an enzymatic genosensor on streptavidin-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes for the detection of virulence nucleic acid determinants of autolysin gene, exclusively present on the genome of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, is described. Compared with the direct voltammetric detection of indigo carmine, the anodic stripping voltammetry of silver ions is 14-fold more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fanjul-Bolado
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo. 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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