1
|
Han WB, Kang DH, Kim TS. 3D Artificial Cell Membranes as Versatile Platforms for Biological Applications. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Parallel Recordings of Transmembrane hERG Channel Currents Based on Solvent-Free Lipid Bilayer Microarray. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010098. [PMID: 33478052 PMCID: PMC7835820 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The reconstitution of ion-channel proteins in artificially formed bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) forms a well-defined system for the functional analysis of ion channels and screening of the effects of drugs that act on these proteins. To improve the efficiency of the BLM reconstitution system, we report on a microarray of stable solvent-free BLMs formed in microfabricated silicon (Si) chips, where micro-apertures with well-defined nano- and micro-tapered edges were fabricated. Sixteen micro-wells were manufactured in a chamber made of Teflon®, and the Si chips were individually embedded in the respective wells as a recording site. Typically, 11 to 16 BLMs were simultaneously formed with an average BLM number of 13.1, which corresponded to a formation probability of 82%. Parallel recordings of ion-channel activities from multiple BLMs were successfully demonstrated using the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel, of which the relation to arrhythmic side effects following drug treatment is well recognized.
Collapse
|
3
|
Puentes PR, Henao MC, Torres CE, Gómez SC, Gómez LA, Burgos JC, Arbeláez P, Osma JF, Muñoz-Camargo C, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Design, Screening, and Testing of Non-Rational Peptide Libraries with Antimicrobial Activity: In Silico and Experimental Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E854. [PMID: 33265897 PMCID: PMC7759991 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of modern biotechnology is to find new routes to mitigate the resistance to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an alternative type of biomolecules, naturally present in a wide variety of organisms, with the capacity to overcome the current microorganism resistance threat. Here, we reviewed our recent efforts to develop a new library of non-rationally produced AMPs that relies on bacterial genome inherent diversity and compared it with rationally designed libraries. Our approach is based on a four-stage workflow process that incorporates the interplay of recent developments in four major emerging technologies: artificial intelligence, molecular dynamics, surface-display in microorganisms, and microfluidics. Implementing this framework is challenging because to obtain reliable results, the in silico algorithms to search for candidate AMPs need to overcome issues of the state-of-the-art approaches that limit the possibilities for multi-space data distribution analyses in extremely large databases. We expect to tackle this challenge by using a recently developed classification algorithm based on deep learning models that rely on convolutional layers and gated recurrent units. This will be complemented by carefully tailored molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate specific interactions with lipid bilayers. Candidate AMPs will be recombinantly-expressed on the surface of microorganisms for further screening via different droplet-based microfluidic-based strategies to identify AMPs with the desired lytic abilities. We believe that the proposed approach opens opportunities for searching and screening bioactive peptides for other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (P.R.P.); (P.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - María C. Henao
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carlos E. Torres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Saúl C. Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Laura A. Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Juan C. Burgos
- Chemical Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia;
| | - Pablo Arbeláez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (P.R.P.); (P.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia;
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota DC 111711, Colombia; (C.E.T.); (S.C.G.); (L.A.G.); (C.M.-C.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Misawa N, Osaki T, Takeuchi S. Membrane protein-based biosensors. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0952. [PMID: 29669891 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights recent development of biosensors that use the functions of membrane proteins. Membrane proteins are essential components of biological membranes and have a central role in detection of various environmental stimuli such as olfaction and gustation. A number of studies have attempted for development of biosensors using the sensing property of these membrane proteins. Their specificity to target molecules is particularly attractive as it is significantly superior to that of traditional human-made sensors. In this review, we classified the membrane protein-based biosensors into two platforms: the lipid bilayer-based platform and the cell-based platform. On lipid bilayer platforms, the membrane proteins are embedded in a lipid bilayer that bridges between the protein and a sensor device. On cell-based platforms, the membrane proteins are expressed in a cultured cell, which is then integrated in a sensor device. For both platforms we introduce the fundamental information and the recent progress in the development of the biosensors, and remark on the outlook for practical biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Misawa
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Osaki
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Artificial Cell Membrane Systems Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan .,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Cells are the basic units of life, and can be mimicked to create artificial analogs enabling the investigation of cellular mechanisms under controlled conditions. Building biomimetic systems ranging from proto-cells to cell-like objects such as compartment membranes can be achieved by collecting biobricks that self-assemble to build simplified models performing specific functions. Hence, scientists can develop and optimize new synthetic cells with biological functions by taking inspiration from nature and exploiting the advantages of synthetic biology. However, the bottom-down approach is not restricted to the basic principles of biological cells, and new mimicry systems can be designed starting with a combination of living and non-living simple molecules to focus on a cellular machinery function. In recent years, microfluidic devices have been well established to engineer bioarchitecture models resembling cell-like structures involving vesicles, compartmentalization, synthetic membranes, and the chip itself as a synthetic cell. This review aims to highlight the role of biological cells and their impact on inspiring the development of biomimetic models. The combination of the principles of synthetic biology with microfluidic technology represents the newly-introduced field of synthetic cells and synthetic membranes that can be further exploited in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shoji K, Kawano R. Microfluidic Formation of Double-Stacked Planar Bilayer Lipid Membranes by Controlling the Water-Oil Interface. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9050253. [PMID: 30424186 PMCID: PMC6187563 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports double-stacked planar bilayer lipid membranes (pBLMs) formed using a droplet contact method (DCM) for microfluidic formation with five-layered microchannels that have four micro guide pillars. pBLMs are valuable for analyzing membrane proteins and modeling cell membranes. Furthermore, multiple-pBLM systems have broadened the field of application such as electronic components, light-sensors, and batteries because of electrical characteristics of pBLMs and membrane proteins. Although multiple-stacked pBLMs have potential, the formation of multiple-pBLMs on a micrometer scale still faces challenges. In this study, we applied a DCM strategy to pBLM formation using microfluidic techniques and attempted to form double-stacked pBLMs in micro-meter scale. First, microchannels with micro pillars were designed via hydrodynamic simulations to form a five-layered flow with aqueous and lipid/oil solutions. Then, pBLMs were successfully formed by controlling the pumping pressure of the solutions and allowing contact between the two lipid monolayers. Finally, pore-forming proteins were reconstituted in the pBLMs, and ion current signals of nanopores were obtained as confirmed by electrical measurements, indicating that double-stacked pBLMs were successfully formed. The strategy for the double-stacked pBLM formation can be applied to highly integrated nanopore-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shoji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan MS, Dosoky NS, Mustafa G, Patel D, Berdiev B, Williams JD. Electrophysiology of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) Embedded in Supported Lipid Bilayer Using a Single Nanopore Chip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13680-13688. [PMID: 29131643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based technologies are highly adaptable supports for developing label-free sensor chips to characterize lipid bilayers, membrane proteins, and nucleotides. We utilized a single nanopore chip to study the electrophysiology of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) incorporated in supported lipid membrane (SLM). An isolated nanopore was developed inside the silicon cavity followed by fusing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of DPPS (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine) and DPPE (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) to produce a solvent-free SLM with giga-ohm (GΩ) sealed impedance. The presence and thickness of SLM on the nanopore chip were confirmed using atomic force spectroscopy. The functionality of SLM with and without ENaC was verified in terms of electrical impedance and capacitance by sweeping the frequency from 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanopore chip exhibits long-term stability for the lipid bilayer before (144 h) and after (16 h) incorporation of ENaC. Amiloride, an inhibitor of ENaC, was utilized at different concentrations to test the integrity of fused ENaC in the lipid bilayer supported on a single nanopore chip. The developed model presents excellent electrical properties and improved mechanical stability of SLM, making this technology a reliable platform to study ion channel electrophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuja Khan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Noura Sayed Dosoky
- Biotechnology Science and Engineering Program, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Darayas Patel
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Oakwood University , Huntsville, Alabama 35896, United States
| | - Bakhrom Berdiev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine , Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - John Dalton Williams
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sugawara M. Transmembrane Signaling with Lipid-Bilayer Assemblies as a Platform for Channel-Based Biosensing. CHEM REC 2017; 18:433-444. [PMID: 29135061 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Artificial and natural lipid membranes that elicit transmembrane signaling is are useful as a platform for channel-based biosensing. In this account we summarize our research on the design of transmembrane signaling associated with lipid bilayer membranes containing nanopore-forming compounds. Channel-forming compounds, such as receptor ion-channels, channel-forming peptides and synthetic channels, are embedded in planar and spherical bilayer lipid membranes to develop highly sensitive and selective biosensing methods for a variety of analytes. The membrane-bound receptor approach is useful for introducing receptor sites on both planar and spherical bilayer lipid membranes. Natural receptors in biomembranes are also used for designing of biosensing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Sugawara
- Department of chemistry, College of humanities and sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazur F, Bally M, Städler B, Chandrawati R. Liposomes and lipid bilayers in biosensors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:88-99. [PMID: 28602208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of analytes play a vital role in healthcare, drug discovery, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Although a number of sensing concepts and devices have been developed, many longstanding challenges to obtain inexpensive, easy-to-use, and reliable sensor platforms remain largely unmet. Nanomaterials offer exciting possibilities for enhancing the assay sensitivity and for lowering the detection limits down to single-molecule resolution. In this review, we present an overview of liposomes and lipid bilayers in biosensing applications. Lipid assemblies in the form of spherical liposomes or two-dimensional planar membranes have been widely used in the design of biosensing assays; in particular, we highlight a number of recent promising developments of biosensors based on liposomes in suspension, liposome arrays, and lipid bilayers arrays. Assay sensitivity and specificity are discussed, advantages and drawbacks are reviewed, and possible further developments are outlined.
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Osaki
- Artificial Cell
Membrane
Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu, 213-0012 Kawasaki, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Artificial Cell
Membrane
Systems Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu, 213-0012 Kawasaki, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Shen J, Hu Z, Huo X. Manufacturing methods and applications of membranes in microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
12
|
Walsh E, Feuerborn A, Cook PR. Formation of droplet interface bilayers in a Teflon tube. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34355. [PMID: 27681313 PMCID: PMC5041184 DOI: 10.1038/srep34355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplet-interface bilayers (DIBs) have applications in disciplines ranging from biology to computing. We present a method for forming them manually using a Teflon tube attached to a syringe pump; this method is simple enough it should be accessible to those without expertise in microfluidics. It exploits the properties of interfaces between three immiscible liquids, and uses fluid flow through the tube to pack together drops coated with lipid monolayers to create bilayers at points of contact. It is used to create functional nanopores in DIBs composed of phosphocholine using the protein α-hemolysin (αHL), to demonstrate osmotically-driven mass transfer of fluid across surfactant-based DIBs, and to create arrays of DIBs. The approach is scalable, and thousands of DIBs can be prepared using a robot in one hour; therefore, it is feasible to use it for high throughput applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Walsh
- Osney Thermo-Fluids Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Southwell Building, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander Feuerborn
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Peter R Cook
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nguyen MA, Srijanto B, Collier CP, Retterer ST, Sarles SA. Hydrodynamic trapping for rapid assembly and in situ electrical characterization of droplet interface bilayer arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3576-3588. [PMID: 27513561 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00810k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The droplet interface bilayer (DIB) is a modular technique for assembling planar lipid membranes between water droplets in oil. The DIB method thus provides a unique capability for developing digital, droplet-based membrane platforms for rapid membrane characterization, drug screening and ion channel recordings. This paper demonstrates a new, low-volume microfluidic system that automates droplet generation, sorting, and sequential trapping in designated locations to enable the rapid assembly of arrays of DIBs. The channel layout of the device is guided by an equivalent circuit model, which predicts that a serial arrangement of hydrodynamic DIB traps enables sequential droplet placement and minimizes the hydrodynamic pressure developed across filled traps to prevent squeeze-through of trapped droplets. Furthermore, the incorporation of thin-film electrodes fabricated via evaporation metal deposition onto the glass substrate beneath the channels allows for the first time in situ, simultaneous electrical interrogation of multiple DIBs within a sealed device. Combining electrical measurements with imaging enables measurements of membrane capacitance and resistance and bilayer area, and our data show that DIBs formed in different trap locations within the device exhibit similar sizes and transport properties. Simultaneous, single channel recordings of ion channel gating in multiple membranes are obtained when alamethicin peptides are incorporated into the captured droplets, qualifying the thin-film electrodes as a means for measuring stimuli-responsive functions of membrane-bound biomolecules. This novel microfluidic-electrophysiology platform provides a reproducible, high throughput method for performing electrical measurements to study transmembrane proteins and biomembranes in low-volume, droplet-based membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for black lipid membranes fused with channel protein supported on solid-state nanopore. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:843-852. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
15
|
An electric generator using living Torpedo electric organs controlled by fluid pressure-based alternative nervous systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25899. [PMID: 27241817 PMCID: PMC4886531 DOI: 10.1038/srep25899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electric power generation using biological functions have become a research focus due to their low cost and cleanliness. Unlike major approaches using glucose fuels or microbial fuel cells (MFCs), we present a generation method with intrinsically high energy conversion efficiency and generation with arbitrary timing using living electric organs of Torpedo (electric rays) which are serially integrated electrocytes converting ATP into electric energy. We developed alternative nervous systems using fluid pressure to stimulate electrocytes by a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (Ach), and demonstrated electric generation. Maximum voltage and current were 1.5 V and 0.64 mA, respectively, with a duration time of a few seconds. We also demonstrated energy accumulation in a capacitor. The current was far larger than that using general cells other than electrocytes (~pA level). The generation ability was confirmed against repetitive cycles and also after preservation for 1 day. This is the first step toward ATP-based energy harvesting devices.
Collapse
|
16
|
KAMIYA K, OSAKI T, TAKEUCHI S. 4.人工細胞膜作製とシングルイオンチャネル計測. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.83.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Soga N, Watanabe R, Noji H. Attolitre-sized lipid bilayer chamber array for rapid detection of single transporters. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11025. [PMID: 26052065 PMCID: PMC4458879 DOI: 10.1038/srep11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an attolitre-sized arrayed lipid bilayer chamber system (aL-ALBiC) for rapid and massively parallel single-molecule assay of membrane transporter activity. Because of the small reaction volume (200 aL), the aL-ALBiC performed fast detection of single transporter activity, thereby enhancing the sensitivity, throughput, and accuracy of the analysis. Thus, aL-ALBiC broadens the opportunities for single-molecule analysis of various membrane transporters and can be used in pharmaceutical applications such as drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Soga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rikiya Watanabe
- 1] Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [3] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- 1] Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crescentini M, Thei F, Bennati M, Saha S, de Planque MRR, Morgan H, Tartagni M. A Distributed Amplifier System for Bilayer Lipid Membrane (BLM) Arrays With Noise and Individual Offset Cancellation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2015; 9:334-344. [PMID: 25252284 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2014.2346402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayer membrane (BLM) arrays are required for high throughput analysis, for example drug screening or advanced DNA sequencing. Complex microfluidic devices are being developed but these are restricted in terms of array size and structure or have integrated electronic sensing with limited noise performance. We present a compact and scalable multichannel electrophysiology platform based on a hybrid approach that combines integrated state-of-the-art microelectronics with low-cost disposable fluidics providing a platform for high-quality parallel single ion channel recording. Specifically, we have developed a new integrated circuit amplifier based on a novel noise cancellation scheme that eliminates flicker noise derived from devices under test and amplifiers. The system is demonstrated through the simultaneous recording of ion channel activity from eight bilayer membranes. The platform is scalable and could be extended to much larger array sizes, limited only by electronic data decimation and communication capabilities.
Collapse
|
19
|
Schlicht B, Zagnoni M. Droplet-interface-bilayer assays in microfluidic passive networks. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9951. [PMID: 25909686 PMCID: PMC4408985 DOI: 10.1038/srep09951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic biophysical studies and pharmacological processes can be investigated by mimicking the intracellular and extracellular environments across an artificial cell membrane construct. The ability to reproduce in vitro simplified scenarios found in live cell membranes in an automated manner has great potential for a variety of synthetic biology and compound screening applications. Here, we present a fully integrated microfluidic system for the production of artificial lipid bilayers based on the miniaturisation of droplet-interface-bilayer (DIB) techniques. The platform uses a microfluidic design that enables the controlled positioning and storage of phospholipid-stabilized water-in-oil droplets, leading successfully to the scalable and automated formation of arrays of DIBs to mimic cell membrane processes. To ensure robustness of operation, we have investigated how lipid concentration, immiscible phase flow velocities and the device geometrical parameters affect the system performance. Finally, we produced proof-of-concept data showing that diffusive transport of molecules and ions across on-chip DIBs can be studied and quantified using fluorescence-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Schlicht
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hirano-Iwata A, Ishinari Y, Yamamoto H, Niwano M. Micro- and Nano-Technologies for Lipid Bilayer-Based Ion-Channel Functional Assays. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1266-74. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- CREST (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; Tohoku University; 6-6 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yutaka Ishinari
- CREST (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; Tohoku University; 6-6 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; Tohoku University; 6-6 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; Tohoku University; 6-6 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics; Research Institute of Electrical Communication; Tohoku University; 6-6 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Czekalska MA, Kaminski TS, Jakiela S, Tanuj Sapra K, Bayley H, Garstecki P. A droplet microfluidic system for sequential generation of lipid bilayers and transmembrane electrical recordings. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:541-8. [PMID: 25412368 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a microfluidic system that automates i) formation of a lipid bilayer at the interface between a pair of nanoliter-sized aqueous droplets in oil, ii) exchange of one droplet of the pair to form a new bilayer, and iii) current measurements on single proteins. A new microfluidic architecture is introduced - a set of traps designed to localize the droplets with respect to each other and with respect to the recording electrodes. The system allows for automated execution of experimental protocols by active control of the flow on chip with the use of simple external valves. Formation of stable artificial lipid bilayers, incorporation of α-hemolysin into the bilayers and electrical measurements of ionic transport through the protein pore are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Czekalska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
del Rio Martinez JM, Zaitseva E, Petersen S, Baaken G, Behrends JC. Automated formation of lipid membrane microarrays for ionic single-molecule sensing with protein nanopores. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:119-125. [PMID: 25115837 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient use of membrane protein nanopores in ionic single-molecule sensing requires technology for the reliable formation of suspended molecular membranes densely arrayed in formats that allow high-resolution electrical recording. Here, automated formation of bimolecular lipid layers is shown using a simple process where a poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-coated magnetic bar is remotely actuated to perform a turning motion, thereby spreading phospholipid in organic solvent on a nonpolar surface containing a <1 mm(2) 4 × 4 array of apertures with embedded microelectrodes (microelectrode cavity array). Parallel and high-resolution single-molecule detection by single nanopores is demonstrated on the resulting bilayer arrays, which are shown to form by a classical but very rapid self-assembly process. The technique provides a robust and scalable solution for the problem of reliable, automated formation of multiple independent lipid bilayers in a dense microarray format, while preserving the favorable electrical properties of the microelectrode cavity array.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M del Rio Martinez
- Laboratory for Membrane Physiology and -Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saha SC, Powl AM, Wallace BA, de Planque MRR, Morgan H. Screening ion-channel ligand interactions with passive pumping in a microfluidic bilayer lipid membrane chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014103. [PMID: 25610515 PMCID: PMC4288537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe a scalable artificial bilayer lipid membrane platform for rapid electrophysiological screening of ion channels and transporters. A passive pumping method is used to flow microliter volumes of ligand solution across a suspended bilayer within a microfluidic chip. Bilayers are stable at flow rates up to ∼0.5 μl/min. Phospholipid bilayers are formed across a photolithographically defined aperture made in a dry film resist within the microfluidic chip. Bilayers are stable for many days and the low shunt capacitance of the thin film support gives low-noise high-quality single ion channel recording. Dose-dependent transient blocking of α-hemolysin with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and polyethylene glycol is demonstrated and dose-dependent blocking studies of the KcsA potassium channel with tetraethylammonium show the potential for determining IC50 values. The assays are fast (30 min for a complete IC50 curve) and simple and require very small amounts of compounds (100 μg in 15 μl). The technology can be scaled so that multiple bilayers can be addressed, providing a screening platform for ion channels, transporters, and nanopores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimul C Saha
- Electronics and Computer Science and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Powl
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London , London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - B A Wallace
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London , London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits R R de Planque
- Electronics and Computer Science and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer Science and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crescentini M, Bennati M, Carminati M, Tartagni M. Noise limits of CMOS current interfaces for biosensors: a review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2014; 8:278-292. [PMID: 24875287 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2013.2262998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current sensing readout is one of the most frequent techniques used in biosensing due to the charge-transfer phenomena occurring at solid-liquid interfaces. The development of novel nanodevices for biosensing determines new challenges for electronic interface design based on current sensing, especially when compact and efficient arrays need to be organized, such as in recent trends of rapid label-free electronic detection of DNA synthesis. This paper will review the basic noise limitations of current sensing interfaces with particular emphasis on integrated CMOS technology. Starting from the basic theory, the paper presents, investigates and compares charge-sensitive amplifier architectures used in both continuous-time and discrete-time approaches, along with their design trade-offs involving noise floor, sensitivity to stray capacitance and bandwidth. The ultimate goal of this review is providing analog designers with helpful design rules and analytical tools. Also, in order to present a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, the most relevant papers recently appeared in the literature about this topic are discussed and compared.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tsuji Y, Kawano R, Osaki T, Kamiya K, Miki N, Takeuchi S. Droplet Split-and-Contact Method for High-Throughput Transmembrane Electrical Recording. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10913-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402299z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsuji
- Artificial
Cell
Membrane System Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Artificial
Cell
Membrane System Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Osaki
- Artificial
Cell
Membrane System Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Koki Kamiya
- Artificial
Cell
Membrane System Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Norihisa Miki
- Artificial
Cell
Membrane System Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Artificial
Cell
Membrane System Group, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), 3-2-1
Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- CIRMM-IIS, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kawano R, Tsuji Y, Sato K, Osaki T, Kamiya K, Hirano M, Ide T, Miki N, Takeuchi S. Automated parallel recordings of topologically identified single ion channels. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1995. [PMID: 23771282 PMCID: PMC3683667 DOI: 10.1038/srep01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ion channels are attractive targets for drug discovery, the systematic screening of ion channel-targeted drugs remains challenging. To facilitate automated single ion-channel recordings for the analysis of drug interactions with the intra- and extracellular domain, we have developed a parallel recording methodology using artificial cell membranes. The use of stable lipid bilayer formation in droplet chamber arrays facilitated automated, parallel, single-channel recording from reconstituted native and mutated ion channels. Using this system, several types of ion channels, including mutated forms, were characterised by determining the protein orientation. In addition, we provide evidence that both intra- and extracellular amyloid-beta fragments directly inhibit the channel open probability of the hBK channel. This automated methodology provides a high-throughput drug screening system for the targeting of ion channels and a data-intensive analysis technique for studying ion channel gating mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Kawano
- BioMicrosystems Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oshima A, Hirano-Iwata A, Mozumi H, Ishinari Y, Kimura Y, Niwano M. Reconstitution of Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Channels in Microfabricated Silicon Chips. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4363-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303484k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Oshima
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aoba,
Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aoba,
Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi,
Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hideki Mozumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aoba,
Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ishinari
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aoba,
Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kimura
- Laboratory
for Nanoelectronics
and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai,
Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Graduate School of Biomedical
Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aoba,
Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Laboratory
for Nanoelectronics
and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai,
Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stimberg VC, Bomer JG, van Uitert I, van den Berg A, Le Gac S. High yield, reproducible and quasi-automated bilayer formation in a microfluidic format. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1076-1085. [PMID: 23139010 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic platform is reported for various experimentation schemes on cell membrane models and membrane proteins using a combination of electrical and optical measurements, including confocal microscopy. Bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) are prepared in the device upon spontaneous and instantaneous thinning of the lipid solution in a 100-μm dry-etched aperture in a 12.5-μm thick Teflon foil. Using this quasi-automated approach, a remarkable 100% membrane formation yield is reached (including reflushing in 4% of the cases), and BLMs are stable for up to 36 h. Furthermore, the potential of this platform is demonstrated for (i) the in-depth characterization of BLMs comprising both synthetic and natural lipids (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) and L-α-phosphatidylcholine (L-α-PC)/cholesterol, respectively) in terms of seal resistance, capacitance, surface area, specific capacitance, and membrane hydrophobic thickness; (ii) confocal microscopy imaging of phase separation in sphingomyelin/L-α-PC/cholesterol ternary membranes; (iii) electrical measurements of individual nanopores (α-hemolysin, gramicidin); and (iv) indirect assessment of the alteration of membrane properties upon exposure to chemical stimuli using the natural nanopore gramicidin as a sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena C Stimberg
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Friddin MS, Smithers NP, Beaugrand M, Marcotte I, Williamson PTF, Morgan H, de Planque MRR. Single-channel electrophysiology of cell-free expressed ion channels by direct incorporation in lipid bilayers. Analyst 2013; 138:7294-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01540h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
30
|
Abstract
Lipid bilayers are natural barriers of biological cells and cellular compartments. Membrane proteins integrated in biological membranes enable vital cell functions such as signal transduction and the transport of ions or small molecules. In order to determine the activity of a protein of interest at defined conditions, the membrane protein has to be integrated into artificial lipid bilayers immobilized on a surface. For the fabrication of such biosensors expertise is required in material science, surface and analytical chemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. Specifically, techniques are needed for structuring surfaces in the micro- and nanometer scale, chemical modification and analysis, lipid bilayer formation, protein expression, purification and solubilization, and most importantly, protein integration into engineered lipid bilayers. Electrochemical and optical methods are suitable to detect membrane activity-related signals. The importance of structural knowledge to understand membrane protein function is obvious. Presently only a few structures of membrane proteins are solved at atomic resolution. Functional assays together with known structures of individual membrane proteins will contribute to a better understanding of vital biological processes occurring at biological membranes. Such assays will be utilized in the discovery of drugs, since membrane proteins are major drug targets.
Collapse
|
31
|
El-Arabi AM, Salazar CS, Schmidt JJ. Ion channel drug potency assay with an artificial bilayer chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2409-2413. [PMID: 22549308 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potency of pharmaceutical compounds acting on ion channels can be determined through measurements of ion channel conductance as a function of compound concentration. We have developed an artificial lipid bilayer chip for simple, fast, and high-yield measurement of ion channel conductance with simultaneous solution perfusion. Here we show the application of this chip to the measurement of the mammalian cold and menthol receptor TRPM8. Ensemble measurements of TRPM8 as a function of concentration of menthol and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) enabled efficient determination of menthol's EC(50) (111.8 μM ± 2.4 μM) and 2-APB's IC(50) (4.9 μM ± 0.2 μM) in agreement with published values. This validation, coupled with the compatibility of this platform with automation and parallelization, indicates significant potential for large-scale pharmaceutical ion channel screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M El-Arabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zagnoni M. Miniaturised technologies for the development of artificial lipid bilayer systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1026-1039. [PMID: 22301684 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20991h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Artificially reproducing cellular environments is a key aim of synthetic biology, which has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of cellular mechanisms. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) techniques, which enable the controlled handling of sub-microlitre volumes of fluids in an automated and high-throughput manner, can play a major role in achieving this by offering alternative and powerful methodologies in an on-chip format. Such techniques have been successfully employed over the last twenty years to provide innovative solutions for chemical analysis and cell-, molecular- and synthetic- biology. In the context of the latter, the formation of artificial cell membranes (or artificial lipid bilayers) that incorporate membrane proteins within miniaturised LOC architectures offers huge potential for the development of highly sensitive molecular sensors and drug screening applications. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive and critical overview of the field of microsystems for creating and exploiting artificial lipid bilayers. Advantages and limitations of three of the most popular approaches, namely suspended, supported and droplet-based lipid bilayers, are discussed. Examples are reported that show how artificial cell membrane microsystems, by combining together biological procedures and engineering techniques, can provide novel methodologies for basic biological and biophysical research and for the development of biotechnology tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
HIRANO-IWATA A, OSHIMA A, MOZUMI H, KIMURA Y, NIWANO M. Stable Lipid Bilayers Based on Micro- and Nano-Fabrication as a Platform for Recording Ion-Channel Activities. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:1049-57. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi HIRANO-IWATA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Azusa OSHIMA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Hideki MOZUMI
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Yasuo KIMURA
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
| | - Michio NIWANO
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baaken G, Ankri N, Schuler AK, Rühe J, Behrends JC. Nanopore-based single-molecule mass spectrometry on a lipid membrane microarray. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8080-8. [PMID: 21932787 DOI: 10.1021/nn202670z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on parallel high-resolution electrical single-molecule analysis on a chip-based nanopore microarray. Lipid bilayers of <20 μm diameter containing single alpha-hemolysin pores were formed on arrays of subpicoliter cavities containing individual microelectrodes (microelectrode cavity array, MECA), and ion conductance-based single molecule mass spectrometry was performed on mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) molecules of different length. We thereby demonstrate the function of the MECA device as a chip-based platform for array-format nanopore recordings with a resolution at least equal to that of established single microbilayer supports. We conclude that devices based on MECAs may enable more widespread analytical use of nanopores by providing the high throughput and ease of operation of a high-density array format while maintaining or exceeding the precision of state-of-the-art microbilayer recordings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Baaken
- Laboratory for Electrophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Microfluidic DNA microarray analysis: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 687:12-27. [PMID: 21241842 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microarray DNA hybridization techniques have been used widely from basic to applied molecular biology research. Generally, in a DNA microarray, different probe DNA molecules are immobilized on a solid support in groups and form an array of microspots. Then, hybridization to the microarray can be performed by applying sample DNA solutions in either the bulk or the microfluidic manner. Because the immobilized probe DNA binds and retains its complementary target DNA, detection is achieved through the read-out of the tagged markers on the sample target molecules. The recent microfluidic hybridization method shows the advantages of less sample usage and reduced incubation time. Here, sample solutions are confined in microfabricated channels and flow through the probe microarray area. The high surface-to-volume ratio in microchannels of nanolitre volume greatly enhanced the sensitivity as obtained with the bulk solution method. To generate nanolitre flows, different techniques have been developed, and this including electrokinetic control, vacuum suction and syringe pumping. The latter two are pressure-driven methods which are more flexible without the need of considering the physicochemical properties of solutions. Recently, centrifugal force is employed to drive liquid movement in microchannels. This method utilizes the body force from the liquid itself and there are no additional solution interface contacts such as from electrodes or syringes and tubing. Centrifugal force driven flow also features the ease of parallel hybridizations. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in microfluidic microarray hybridization and compare the applications of various flow methods.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nielsen CH. Major intrinsic proteins in biomimetic membranes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 679:127-42. [PMID: 20666229 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6315-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes define the structural and functional boundaries in living cells and their organelles. The integrity of the cell depends on its ability to separate inside from outside and yet at the same time allow massive transport of matter in and out the cell. Nature has elegantly met this challenge by developing membranes in the form of lipid bilayers in which specialized transport proteins are incorporated. This raises the question: is it possible to mimic biological membranes and create a membrane based sensor and/or separation device? In the development of a biomimetic sensor/separation technology, a unique class of membrane transport proteins is especially interesting-the major intrinsic proteins (MIPs). Generally, MIPs conduct water molecules and selected solutes in and out of the cell while preventing the passage of other solutes, a property critical for the conservation of the cells internal pH and salt concentration. Also known as water channels or aquaporins they are highly efficient membrane pore proteins some of which are capable of transporting water at very high rates up to 10(9) molecules per second. Some MIPs transport other small, uncharged solutes, such as glycerol and other permeants such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and the metalloids antimonite, arsenite, silicic and boric acid depending on the effective restriction mechanism of the protein. The flux properties of MIPs thus lead to the question ifMIPs can be used in separation devices or as sensor devices based on, e.g., the selective permeation of metalloids. In principle a MIP based membrane sensor/separation device requires the supporting biomimetic matrix to be virtually impermeable to anything but water or the solute in question. In practice, however, a biomimetic support matrix will generally have finite permeabilities to both electrolytes and non-electrolytes. The feasibility of a biomimetic MIP device thus depends on the relative transport contribution from both protein and biomimetic support matrix. Also the biomimetic matrix must be encapsulated in order to protect it and make it sufficiently stable in a final application. Here, I specifically discuss the feasibility of developing osmotic biomimetic MIP membranes, but the technical issues are of general concern in the design ofbiomimetic membranes capable of supporting selective transmembrane fluxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hélix Nielsen
- Quantrum Protein Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heitz BA, Jones IW, Hall HK, Aspinwall CA, Saavedra SS. Fractional polymerization of a suspended planar bilayer creates a fluid, highly stable membrane for ion channel recordings. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7086-93. [PMID: 20441163 DOI: 10.1021/ja100245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suspended planar lipid membranes (or black lipid membranes (BLMs)) are widely used for studying reconstituted ion channels, although they lack the chemical and mechanical stability needed for incorporation into high-throughput biosensors and biochips. Lipid polymerization enhances BLM stability but is incompatible with ion channel function when membrane fluidity is required. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of a highly stable BLM that retains significant fluidity by using a mixture of polymerizable and nonpolymerizable phospholipids. Alamethicin, a voltage-gated peptide channel for which membrane fluidity is required for activity, was reconstituted into mixed BLMs prepared using bis-dienoyl phosphatidylcholine (bis-DenPC) and diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPhPC). Polymerization yielded BLMs that retain the fluidity required for alamethicin activity yet are stable for several days as compared to a few hours prior to polymerization. Thus, these polymerized, binary composition BLMs feature both fluidity and long-term stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Studer A, Demarche S, Langenegger D, Tiefenauer L. Integration and recording of a reconstituted voltage-gated sodium channel in planar lipid bilayers. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1924-8. [PMID: 20609576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional assays for membrane proteins become increasingly important in biosciences. We demonstrate the integration of reconstituted bacterial voltage-gated sodium channels (NaChBac) into preformed free-standing lipid bilayers by using the nystatin-ergosterol method to promote proteoliposome fusion. Vesicle delivery and subsequent NaChBac activity were monitored, the orientation of the transferred ion channels was assessed measuring at both, positive and negative holding potentials and the channel specificity was demonstrated by adding the blocker nimodipine. A conductance of 120 pS per channel and an opening time in the range of seconds have been observed. Interestingly, we found that fusion of proteoliposomes into preformed free-standing bilayers is limited, if hydrophobically silanized silicon nitride membranes are used as the supporting material. In this case the diameter of the liposome had to be at least 20 times smaller compared to that of the pore to render fusion possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Studer
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Biomolecular Research Laboratory, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stanley CE, Elvira KS, Niu XZ, Gee AD, Ces O, Edel JB, deMello AJ. A microfluidic approach for high-throughput droplet interface bilayer (DIB) formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1620-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b924897h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Ebina W, Rowat AC, Weitz DA. Electrodes on a budget: Micropatterned electrode fabrication by wet chemical deposition. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2009; 3:34104. [PMID: 20216960 PMCID: PMC2835278 DOI: 10.1063/1.3224669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Precise patterning of metals is required for diverse microfluidic and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) applications ranging from the separation of proteins to the manipulation of single cells and drops of water-in-oil emulsions. Here we present a very simple, inexpensive method for fabricating micropatterned electrodes. We deposit a thin metal layer of controlled thickness using wet chemistry, thus eliminating the need for expensive equipment typically required for metal deposition. We demonstrate that the resulting deposited metal can be used to fabricate functional electrodes: The wet-deposited metal film can sustain patterning by photolithography down to micron-sized features required for MEMS and microfluidic applications, and its properties are suitable for operative electrodes used in a wide range of microfluidic applications for biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ebina
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nielsen CH. Biomimetic membranes for sensor and separation applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:697-718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
42
|
Lemay SG. Nanopore-based biosensors: the interface between ionics and electronics. ACS NANO 2009; 3:775-779. [PMID: 19397344 DOI: 10.1021/nn900336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Techniques for translating the binding or the activity of single molecules directly into electrical signals are of interest for both fundamental and applied science. A paper in this issue describes experiments in which the ionic current through a biological nanopore is employed both to control and to monitor the attachment of individual DNA polymerase enzymes to their binding site on a single DNA molecule. This Perspective briefly sketches some of the factors that ultimately limit the performance of such nanoscale sensors, emphasizing in particular the interface between nanofluidic systems and external control electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge G Lemay
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kijanka G, Murphy D. Protein arrays as tools for serum autoantibody marker discovery in cancer. J Proteomics 2009; 72:936-44. [PMID: 19258055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein array technology has begun to play a significant role in the study of protein-protein interactions and in the identification of antigenic targets of serum autoantibodies in a variety of autoimmune disorders. More recently, this technology has been applied to the identification of autoantibody signatures in cancer. The identification of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) recognised by the patient's immune response represents an exciting approach to identify novel diagnostic cancer biomarkers and may contribute towards a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Circulating autoantibodies have not only been used to identify TAAs as diagnostic/prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, they also represent excellent biomarkers for the early detection of tumours and potential markers for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Protein array technology offers the ability to screen the humoral immune response in cancer against thousands of proteins in a high throughput technique, thus readily identifying new panels of TAAs. Such an approach should not only aid in improved diagnostics, but has already contributed to the identification of complex autoantibody signatures that may represent disease subgroups, early diagnostics and facilitated the analysis of vaccine trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kijanka
- Centre for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|