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Rezaei B, Harun A, Wu X, Iyer PR, Mostufa S, Ciannella S, Karampelas IH, Chalmers J, Srivastava I, Gómez-Pastora J, Wu K. Effect of Polymer and Cell Membrane Coatings on Theranostic Applications of Nanoparticles: A Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401213. [PMID: 38856313 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The recent decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in the field of nanoparticles, from their synthesis, characterization, and functionalization to diverse applications. At the nanoscale, these particles exhibit distinct physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts, enabling a multitude of applications spanning energy, catalysis, environmental remediation, biomedicine, and beyond. This review focuses on specific nanoparticle categories, including magnetic, gold, silver, and quantum dots (QDs), as well as hybrid variants, specifically tailored for biomedical applications. A comprehensive review and comparison of prevalent chemical, physical, and biological synthesis methods are presented. To enhance biocompatibility and colloidal stability, and facilitate surface modification and cargo/agent loading, nanoparticle surfaces are coated with different synthetic polymers and very recently, cell membrane coatings. The utilization of polymer- or cell membrane-coated nanoparticles opens a wide variety of biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, photothermia, sample enrichment, bioassays, drug delivery, etc. With this review, the goal is to provide a comprehensive toolbox of insights into polymer or cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, while also addressing the challenges involved in translating such nanoparticles from laboratory benchtops to in vitro and in vivo applications. Furthermore, perspectives on future trends and developments in this rapidly evolving domain are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Asma Harun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, Texas, 79106, United States
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Poornima Ramesh Iyer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Stefano Ciannella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Chalmers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, Texas, 79106, United States
| | - Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, United States
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2
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Wolf A, Zink A, Stiegler LMS, Branscheid R, Apeleo Zubiri B, Müssig S, Peukert W, Walter J, Spiecker E, Mandel K. Magnetic in situ determination of surface coordination motifs by utilizing the degree of particle agglomeration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:633-643. [PMID: 37321082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most analytical techniques used to study the surface chemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are barely suitable for in situ investigations in liquids, where SPIONs are mostly applied for hyperthermia therapy, diagnostic biosensing, magnetic particle imaging or water purification. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) can resolve changes in magnetic interactions of SPIONs within seconds at ambient conditions. Herein, we show that by adding mono- and divalent cations to citric acid capped SPIONs, the degree of agglomeration can be utilized to study the selectivity of cations towards surface coordination motifs via MPS. A favored chelate agent, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for divalent cations, removes cations from coordination sites on the SPION surface and causes redispersion of agglomerates. The magnetic determination thereof represents what we call a "magnetically indicated complexometric titration". The relevance of agglomerate sizes for the MPS signal response is studied on a model system of SPIONs and the surfactant cetrimonium bromide (CTAB). Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) reveal that large micron-sized agglomerates are required to significantly change the MPS signal response. With this work, a fast and easy-to-use characterization method to determine surface coordination motifs of magnetic nanoparticles in optically dense media is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa M S Stiegler
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Branscheid
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Müssig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Professorship for Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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3
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Yari P, Rezaei B, Dey C, Chugh VK, Veerla NVRK, Wang JP, Wu K. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Point-of-Care: A Review on Recent Advances. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094411. [PMID: 37177614 PMCID: PMC10181768 DOI: 10.3390/s23094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its first report in 2006, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS)-based biosensors have flourished over the past decade. Currently, MPS are used for a wide range of applications, such as disease diagnosis, foodborne pathogen detection, etc. In this work, different MPS platforms, such as dual-frequency and mono-frequency driving field designs, were reviewed. MPS combined with multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively reported as a versatile platform for the detection of a long list of biomarkers. The surface-functionalized MNPs serve as nanoprobes that specifically bind and label target analytes from liquid samples. Herein, an analysis of the theories and mechanisms that underlie different MPS platforms, which enable the implementation of bioassays based on either volume or surface, was carried out. Furthermore, this review draws attention to some significant MPS platform applications in the biomedical and biological fields. In recent years, different kinds of MPS point-of-care (POC) devices have been reported independently by several groups in the world. Due to the high detection sensitivity, simple assay procedures and low cost per run, the MPS POC devices are expected to become more widespread in the future. In addition, the growth of telemedicine and remote monitoring has created a greater demand for POC devices, as patients are able to receive health assessments and obtain results from the comfort of their own homes. At the end of this review, we comment on the opportunities and challenges for POC devices as well as MPS devices regarding the intensely growing demand for rapid, affordable, high-sensitivity and user-friendly devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Clifton Dey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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4
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Yang Y, Li Y. Perspective Chapter: Novel Diagnostics Methods for SARS-CoV-2. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease. COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses. The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence has given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses. Clinical tests such as PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients. However, these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care (POC) applications. Currently, lack of any rapid, available, and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem. To solve the negative features of clinical investigation, we provide a brief introduction of the various novel diagnostics methods including SERS, SPR, electrochemical, magnetic detection of SARS-CoV-2. All sensing and biosensing methods based on nanotechnology developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2. Also, the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system.
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5
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Wu K, Chugh VK, Krishna VD, Wang YA, Gordon TD, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Five-Minute Magnetic Nanoparticle Spectroscopy-Based Bioassay for Ultrafast Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:17503-17507. [PMID: 36570474 PMCID: PMC9762417 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a 5-min magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS)-based bioassay strategy. In our approach, surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are incubated with target analytes at 37 °C with agitation for 3 min, and the MPS reading is then taken at the fifth minute. We prove the feasibility of 5 min ultrafast detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a detection limit below 5 nM (0.2 pmol). Our proposed 5-min bioassay strategy may be applied to reduce the assay time for other liquid-phase, volumetric biosensors such as NMR, quantum dots, fluorescent biosensors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | | | | | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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6
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Weaver JB, Weaver CV, Ness DB, Gordon-Wylie SW, Demidenko E. One-Sided Multidimensional Statistical Significance Testing: A New Method of Calculating the Statistical Significance of Spectra Used to Demonstrate Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2022; 55:325001. [PMID: 35726230 PMCID: PMC9206232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ac7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Estimating statistical significance of the difference between two spectra or series is a fundamental statistical problem. Multivariate significance tests exist but the limitations preclude their use in many common cases; e.g., one-sided testing, unequal variance and when few repetitions are acquired all of which are required in magnetic spectroscopy of nanoparticle Brownian motion (MSB). We introduce a test, termed the T-S test, that is powerful and exact (exact type I error). It is flexible enough to be one- or two-sided and the one-sided version can specify arbitrary regions where each spectrum should be larger. The T-S test takes the-one or two-sided p-value at each frequency and combines them using Stouffer's method. We evaluated it using simulated spectra and measured MSB spectra. For the single-sided version, mean of the spectrum, A-T, was used as a reference; the T-S test is as powerful when the variance at each frequency is uniform and outperforms when the noise power is not uniform. For the two-sided version, the Hotelling T2 two-sided multivariate test was used as a reference; the two-sided T-S test is only slightly less powerful for large numbers of repetitions and outperforms rather dramatically for small numbers of repetitions. The T-S test was used to estimate the sensitivity of our current MSB spectrometer showing 1 nanogram sensitivity. Using eight repetitions the T-S test allowed 15 pM concentrations of mouse IL-6 to be identified while the mean of the spectra only identified 76 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, the Department of Physics, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College
| | - Claire V. Weaver
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, presently at Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, & Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
| | | | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
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7
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Wu K, Liu J, Chugh VK, Liang S, Saha R, Krishna VD, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic particle spectroscopy-based bioassays: a 15 year recap. NANO FUTURES 2022; 6:022001. [PMID: 36199556 PMCID: PMC9531898 DOI: 10.1088/2399-1984/ac5cd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique physical and chemical properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio and size-related magnetism, which are completely different from their bulk materials. Benefiting from the facile synthesis and chemical modification strategies, MNPs have been widely studied for applications in nanomedicine. Herein, we firstly summarized the designs of MNPs from the perspectives of materials and physicochemical properties tailored for biomedical applications. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), first reported in 2006, has flourished as an independent platform for many biological and biomedical applications. It has been extensively reported as a versatile platform for a variety of bioassays along with the artificially designed MNPs, where the MNPs serve as magnetic nanoprobes to specifically probe target analytes from fluid samples. In this review, the mechanisms and theories of different MPS platforms realizing volumetric- and surface-based bioassays are discussed. Some representative works of MPS platforms for applications such as disease diagnosis, food safety and plant pathology monitoring, drug screening, thrombus maturity assessments are reviewed. At the end of this review, we commented on the rapid growth and booming of MPS-based bioassays in its first 15 years. We also prospected opportunities and challenges that portable MPS devices face in the rapidly growing demand for fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-use biometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Venkatramana D Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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8
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Wu K, Chugh VK, Krishna VD, Girolamo AD, Wang YA, Saha R, Liang S, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. One-Step, Wash-free, Nanoparticle Clustering-Based Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy Bioassay Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins in the Liquid Phase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44136-44146. [PMID: 34499464 PMCID: PMC8442556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is an increasing quest for more accessible, easy-to-use, rapid, inexpensive, and high-accuracy diagnostic tools. Traditional disease diagnostic methods such as qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription-PCR) and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) require multiple steps, trained technicians, and long turnaround time that may worsen the disease surveillance and pandemic control. In sight of this situation, a rapid, one-step, easy-to-use, and high-accuracy diagnostic platform will be valuable for future epidemic control, especially for regions with scarce medical resources. Herein, we report a magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) platform for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) biomarkers: spike and nucleocapsid proteins. This technique monitors the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and uses their higher harmonics as a measure of the nanoparticles' binding states. By anchoring polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) onto MNP surfaces, these nanoparticles function as nanoprobes to specifically bind to target analytes (SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in this work) and form nanoparticle clusters. This binding event causes detectable changes in higher harmonics and allows for quantitative and qualitative detection of target analytes in the liquid phase. We have achieved detection limits of 1.56 nM (equivalent to 125 fmole) and 12.5 nM (equivalent to 1 pmole) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, respectively. This MPS platform combined with the one-step, wash-free, nanoparticle clustering-based assay method is intrinsically versatile and allows for the detection of a variety of other disease biomarkers by simply changing the surface functional groups on MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Arturo di Girolamo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | | | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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9
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Chugh VK, Wu K, Krishna VD, di Girolamo A, Bloom RP, Wang YA, Saha R, Liang S, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy with One-Stage Lock-In Implementation for Magnetic Bioassays with Improved Sensitivities. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:17221-17231. [PMID: 36199678 PMCID: PMC9531866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) has become a highly sensitive and versatile sensing technique for quantitative bioassays. It relies on the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the detection of target analytes in the liquid phase. There are many research studies reporting the application of MPS for detecting a variety of analytes including viruses, toxins, nucleic acids, and so forth. Herein, we report a modified version of the MPS platform with the addition of a one-stage lock-in design to remove the feedthrough signals induced by external driving magnetic fields, thus capturing only MNP responses for improved system sensitivity. This one-stage lock-in MPS system is able to detect as low as 781 ng multi-core Nanomag50 iron oxide MNPs (micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH) and 78 ng single-core SHB30 iron oxide MNPs (Ocean NanoTech). We first demonstrated the performance of this MPS system for bioassay-related applications. Using the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a model, we have achieved a detection limit of 125 nM (equal to 5 pmole) for detecting spike protein molecules in the liquid phase. In addition, using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a proof-of-concept, we show that these single-core SHB30 MNPs can be used for Brownian relaxation-based bioassays while the multi-core Nanomag50 cannot be used. The effects of MNP amount on the concentration-dependent response profiles for detecting streptavidin were also investigated. Results show that by using a lower concentration/ amount of MNPs, concentration-response curves shift to a lower concentration/amount of target analytes. This lower concentration-response indicates the possibility of improved bioassay sensitivities by using lower amounts of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Arturo di Girolamo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert P. Bloom
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Shasha C, Krishnan KM. Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Applications in Biomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1904131. [PMID: 32557879 PMCID: PMC7746587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are currently the focus of investigation for a wide range of biomedical applications that fall into the categories of imaging, sensing, and therapeutics. A deep understanding of nanoparticle magnetization dynamics is fundamental to optimization and further development of these applications. Here, a summary of theoretical models of nanoparticle dynamics is presented, and computational nonequilibrium models are outlined, which currently represent the most sophisticated methods for modeling nanoparticle dynamics. Nanoparticle magnetization response is explored in depth; the effect of applied field amplitude, as well as nanoparticle size, on the resulting rotation mechanism and timescale is investigated. Two applications in biomedicine, magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Shasha
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kannan M Krishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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11
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Zhong J, Rösch EL, Viereck T, Schilling M, Ludwig F. Toward Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 with Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS Sens 2021; 6:976-984. [PMID: 33496572 PMCID: PMC7860137 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens global medical systems and economies and rules our daily living life. Controlling the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the most important and urgent strategies throughout the whole world. As of October 2020, there have not yet been any medicines or therapies to be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, rapid and sensitive diagnostics is the most important measures to control the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Homogeneous biosensing based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is one of the most promising approaches for rapid and highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. This paper proposes an approach for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 with functionalized MNPs via the measurement of their magnetic response in an ac magnetic field. For proof of concept, mimic SARS-CoV-2 consisting of spike proteins and polystyrene beads are used for experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach allows the rapid detection of mimic SARS-CoV-2 with a limit of detection of 0.084 nM (5.9 fmole). The proposed approach has great potential for designing a low-cost and point-of-care device for rapid and sensitive diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical
Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU
Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106,
Germany
| | - Enja Laureen Rösch
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical
Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU
Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106,
Germany
| | - Thilo Viereck
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical
Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU
Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106,
Germany
| | - Meinhard Schilling
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical
Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU
Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106,
Germany
| | - Frank Ludwig
- Institute for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical
Engineering and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU
Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106,
Germany
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12
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Wu K, Liu J, Saha R, Peng C, Su D, Wang YA, Wang JP. Investigation of Commercial Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Structural and Magnetic Property Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6274-6283. [PMID: 33718717 PMCID: PMC7948237 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used as tiny heating sources in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, tracers in magnetic particle imaging, carriers for drug/gene delivery, etc. There have emerged many MNP/microbead suppliers since the past decade, such as Ocean NanoTech, Nanoprobes, US Research Nanomaterials, Miltenyi Biotec, micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, nanoComposix, and so forth. In this paper, we report the physical and magnetic characterizations on iron oxide nanoparticle products from Ocean NanoTech. Standard characterization tools such as vibrating-sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis are used to provide MNP customers and researchers with an overview of these iron oxide nanoparticle products. In addition, the dynamic magnetic responses of these iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions are investigated under low- and high-frequency alternating magnetic fields, giving a standardized operating procedure for characterizing the MNPs from Ocean NanoTech, thereby yielding the best of MNPs for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chaoyi Peng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Wu K, Chugh VK, di Girolamo A, Liu J, Saha R, Su D, Krishna VD, Nair A, Davies W, Wang YA, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. A Portable Magnetic Particle Spectrometer for Future Rapid and Wash-Free Bioassays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7966-7976. [PMID: 33566573 PMCID: PMC9053107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for more accessible routine diagnostics for patients with respect to high accuracy, ease of use, and low cost. However, the quantitative and high accuracy bioassays in large hospitals and laboratories usually require trained technicians and equipment that is both bulky and expensive. In addition, the multistep bioassays and long turnaround time could severely affect the disease surveillance and control especially in pandemics such as influenza and COVID-19. In view of this, a portable, quantitative bioassay device will be valuable in regions with scarce medical resources and help relieve burden on local healthcare systems. Herein, we introduce the MagiCoil diagnostic device, an inexpensive, portable, quantitative, and rapid bioassay platform based on the magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS) technique. MPS detects the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and uses the harmonics from oscillating MNPs as metrics for sensitive and quantitative bioassays. This device does not require trained technicians to operate and employs a fully automatic, one-step, and wash-free assay with a user friendly smartphone interface. Using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a model, we show that the detection limit of the current portable device for streptavidin is 64 nM (equal to 5.12 pmole). In addition, this MPS technique is very versatile and allows for the detection of different diseases just by changing the surface modifications on MNPs. Although MPS-based bioassays show high sensitivities as reported in many literatures, at the current stage, this portable device faces insufficient sensitivity and needs further improvements. It is foreseen that this kind of portable device can transform the multistep, laboratory-based bioassays to one-step field testing in nonclinical settings such as schools, homes, offices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo di Girolamo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Abilash Nair
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Will Davies
- Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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14
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Gordon-Wylie SW, Ness DB, Shi Y, Mirza SK, Paulsen KD, Weaver JB. Measuring protein biomarker concentrations using antibody tagged magnetic nanoparticles. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6. [PMID: 34676103 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abc45b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions biomarker concentrations tend to rise and fall over time e.g. for inflammation. Ex vivo measurements provide a snapshot in time of biomarker concentrations, which is useful, but limited. Approaching real time monitoring of biomarker concentration(s) using a wearable, implantable or injectable in vivo sensor is therefore an appealing target. As an early step towards developing an in vivo biomarker sensor, antibody (AB) tagged magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are used here to demonstrate the in vitro measurement of ~5 distinct biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity. In previous work, aptamers were used to target a given biomarker in vitro and generate magnetic clusters that exhibit a characteristic rotational signature quite different from free NPs. Here the method is expanded to detect a much wider range of biomarkers using polyclonal ABs attached to the surface of the NPs. Commercial ABs exist for a wide range of targets allowing accurate and specific concentration measurements for most significant biomarkers. We show sufficient detection sensitivity, using an in-house spectrometer to measure the rotational signatures of the NPs, to assess physiological concentrations of hormones, cytokines and other signaling molecules. Detection limits for biomarkers drawn mainly from pain and inflammation targets were: 10 pM for mouse Granzyme B (mGZM-B), 40 pM for mouse interferon-gamma (mIFN-γ), 7 pM for mouse interleukin-6 (mIL-6), 40 pM for rat interleukin-6 (rIL-6), 40 pM for mouse vascular endothelial growth factor (mVEGF) and 250 pM for rat calcitonin gene related peptide (rCGRP). Much lower detection limits are certainly possible using improved spectrometers and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Gordon-Wylie
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, United States of America
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America
| | - Sohail K Mirza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, United States of America
| | - John B Weaver
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America.,Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America.,Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, United States of America
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15
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Wu K, Saha R, Su D, Krishna VD, Liu J, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic-Nanosensor-Based Virus and Pathogen Detection Strategies before and during COVID-19. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:9560-9580. [PMID: 37556271 PMCID: PMC7526334 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a threat to the global healthcare system and economic security. As of July 2020, no specific drugs or vaccines are yet available for COVID-19; a fast and accurate diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 is essential in slowing the spread of COVID-19 and for efficient implementation of control and containment strategies. Magnetic nanosensing is an emerging topic representing the frontiers of current biosensing and magnetic areas. The past decade has seen rapid growth in applying magnetic tools for biological and biomedical applications. Recent advances in magnetic nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have transformed current diagnostic methods to nanoscale and pushed the detection limit to early-stage disease diagnosis. Herein, this review covers the literature of magnetic nanosensors for virus and pathogen detection before COVID-19. We review popular magnetic nanosensing techniques including magnetoresistance, magnetic particle spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Magnetic point-of-care diagnostic kits are also reviewed aiming at developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as well as preventing future epidemics. In addition, other platforms that use magnetic nanomaterials as auxiliary tools for enhanced pathogen and virus detection are also covered. The goal of this review is to inform the researchers of diagnostic and surveillance platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and their performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Material Science, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population
Medicine, University of Minnesota, St.
Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C.-J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population
Medicine, University of Minnesota, St.
Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Fayazi R, Habibi-Rezaei M, Heiat M, Javadi-Zarnaghi F, Taheri RA. Glycated albumin precipitation using aptamer conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10716. [PMID: 32612182 PMCID: PMC7329883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a strategy for the elimination of prefibrillar amyloid aggregates, a three-step non-modified DNA aptamer conjugation on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles was carried out to achieve aptamer conjugated on MNP (Ap-SiMNP). Prefibrillar amyloid aggregates are generated under a diabetic condition which are prominently participated in developing diabetic complications. The binding properties of candidate DNA aptamer against serum albumin prefibrillar amyloid aggregates (AA20) were verified using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) analysis. The chloro-functionalized silica-coated MNPs were synthesized then a nano-targeting structure as aptamer conjugated on MNP (Ap-SiMNP) was constructed. Finally, Ap-SiMNP was verified for specific binding efficiency and AA20 removal using an external magnetic field. The candidate aptamer showed a high binding capacity at EMSA and SPR analysis (KD = 3.4 × 10─9 M) and successfully used to construct Ap-SiMNP. Here, we show a proof of concept for an efficient bio-scavenger as Ap-SiMNP to provide a promising opportunity to consider as a possible strategy to overcome some diabetic complications through specific binding/removal of toxic AA20 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fayazi
- School of Biology, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
- Center of Excellence in Nano-Biomedicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Heiat
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Javadi-Zarnaghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R A Taheri
- Nanobiotechnolology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Zhong J, Schilling M, Ludwig F. Magnetic nanoparticle-based biomolecule imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:225101. [PMID: 32069445 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a wash-free, inexpensive and sensitive approach of biomolecule imaging with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via a custom-built scanning magnetic particle spectrometer (SMPS). Streptavidin-coated MNPs are used as magnetic biomarkers for the detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugated with biotin (IgG-Biotin) while five samples with different-concentration IgG-Biotin are prepared for experiments. The measurements of the ac susceptibility indicate that the conjugation of the IgG-Biotin onto the surface of the MNPs forms cross-linking between the MNPs, thus increasing the characteristic Brownian relaxation time from 0.627 to 1.448 ms. The ratio of the 3rd to the 1st harmonics is measured on the samples with different-concentration IgG-Biotin in ac magnetic fields with a frequency ranging from about 300 Hz to 2 kHz. It shows that the measurement sensitivity of the IgG-Biotin concentration decreases from 4.62 × 10-3 to 0.39 × 10-3 nM-1 with increasing excitation frequency. Phantom images of the harmonic ratio, measured with the SMPS, indicate that unbound and bound MNPs can be easily distinguished. Furthermore, the excitation frequency dependence of the contrast-to-noise ratio of the images is discussed based on the measurement sensitivity and the standard deviation of the measured image intensity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the SMPS for imaging biomolecules bound onto the MNPs, which is of great interest to disease diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Institut für Elektrische Messtechnik und Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
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18
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Wu K, Liu J, Saha R, Ma B, Su D, Peng C, Sun J, Wang JP. Irregularly Shaped Iron Nitride Nanoparticles as a Potential Candidate for Biomedical Applications: From Synthesis to Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11756-11767. [PMID: 32478267 PMCID: PMC7254815 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used in drug/gene delivery, hyperthermia therapy, magnetic particle imaging (MPI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic bioassays, and so forth. With proper surface chemical modifications, physicochemically stable and nontoxic MNPs are emerging contrast agents and tracers for in vivo MRI and MPI applications. Herein, we report the high magnetic moment, irregularly shaped γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles for enhanced hyperthermia therapy and T2 contrast agent for MRI application. The static and dynamic magnetic properties of γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles are characterized by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) system, respectively. Compared to the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles show at least three times higher saturation magnetization, which, as a result, gives rise to the stronger dynamic magnetic responses as proved in the MPS measurement results. In addition, γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles are functionalized with an oleic acid layer by a wet mechanical milling process. The morphologies of as-milled nanoparticles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA). We report that with proper surface chemical modification and tuning on morphologies, γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles could be used as tiny heating sources for hyperthermia and contrast agents for MRI applications with minimum dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chaoyi Peng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Wu K, Liu J, Saha R, Su D, Krishna VD, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Detection of Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13686-13697. [PMID: 32150378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with proper surface functionalization have been extensively applied as labels for magnetic immunoassays, carriers for controlled drug/gene delivery, tracers and contrasts for magnetic imaging, etc. Here, we introduce a new biosensing scheme based on magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and the self-assembly of MNPs to quantitatively detect H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules. MPS monitors the harmonics of oscillating MNPs as a metric for the freedom of rotational process, thus indicating the bound states of MNPs. These harmonics can be readily collected from nanogram quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles within 10 s. The H1N1 nucleoprotein molecule hosts multiple different epitopes that forms binding sites for many IgG polyclonal antibodies. Anchoring IgG polyclonal antibodies onto MNPs triggers the cross-linking between MNPs and H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules, thereby forming MNP self-assemblies. Using MPS and the self-assembly of MNPs, we were able to detect as low as 44 nM (4.4 pmole) H1N1 nucleoprotein. In addition, the morphologies and the hydrodynamic sizes of the MNP self-assemblies are characterized to verify the MPS results. Different MNP self-assembly models such as classical cluster, open ring tetramer, and chain model as well as multimers (from dimer to pentamer) are proposed in this paper. Herein, we claim the feasibility of using MPS and the self-assembly of MNPs as a new biosensing scheme for detecting ultralow concentrations of target biomolecules, which can be employed as rapid, sensitive, and wash-free magnetic immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Wong DW, Gan WL, Teo YK, Lew WS. Heating Efficiency of Triple Vortex State Cylindrical Magnetic Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:376. [PMID: 31845087 PMCID: PMC6915247 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A well-established method for treating cancerous tumors is magnetic hyperthermia, which uses localized heat generated by the relaxation mechanism of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. In this work, we investigate the heating efficiency of cylindrical NiFe MNPs, fabricated by template-assisted pulsed electrodeposition combined with differential chemical etching. The cylindrical geometry of the MNP enables the formation of the triple vortex state, which increases the heat generation efficiency by four times. Using time-dependent calorimetric measurements, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the MNPs was determined and compared with the numerical calculations from micromagnetic simulations and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. The magnetization reversal of high aspect ratios MNPs showed higher remanent magnetization and low-field susceptibility leading to higher hysteresis losses, which was reflected in higher experimental and theoretical SAR values. The SAR dependence on magnetic field strength exhibited small SAR values at low magnetic fields and saturates at high magnetic fields, which is correlated to the coercive field of the MNPs and a characteristic feature of ferromagnetic MNPs. The optimization of cylindrical NiFe MNPs will play a pivotal role in producing high heating performance and biocompatible magnetic hyperthermia agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Wei Wong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Nanyang, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Gan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Nanyang, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuan Kai Teo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Lew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Nanyang, 637371, Singapore.
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21
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Wu K, Su D, Liu J, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine: a review of recent advances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:502003. [PMID: 31491782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, in addition to their small size, possess unique physicochemical properties that differ from bulk materials, making them ideal for a host of novel applications. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one important class of nanomaterials that have been widely studied for their potential applications in nanomedicine. Due to the fact that MNPs can be detected and manipulated by remote magnetic fields, it opens a wide opportunity for them to be used in vivo. Nowadays, MNPs have been used for diverse applications including magnetic biosensing (diagnostics), magnetic imaging, magnetic separation, drug and gene delivery, and hyperthermia therapy, etc. Specifically, we reviewed some emerging techniques in magnetic diagnostics such as magnetoresistive (MR) and micro-Hall (μHall) biosensors, as well as the magnetic particle spectroscopy, magnetic relaxation switching and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based bioassays. Recent advances in applying MNPs as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and as tracer materials in magnetic particle imaging are reviewed. In addition, the development of high magnetic moment MNPs with proper surface functionalization has progressed exponentially over the past decade. To this end, different MNP synthesis approaches and surface coating strategies are reviewed and the biocompatibility and toxicity of surface functionalized MNP nanocomposites are also discussed. Herein, we are aiming to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art biological and biomedical applications of MNPs. This review is not only to provide in-depth insights into the different synthesis, biofunctionalization, biosensing, imaging, and therapy methods but also to give an overview of limitations and possibilities of each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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22
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Gupta S, Kakkar V. DARPin based GMR Biosensor for the detection of ESAT-6 Tuberculosis Protein. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 118:101852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Wu K, Liu J, Su D, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic Nanoparticle Relaxation Dynamics-Based Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Rapid and Wash-Free Molecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22979-22986. [PMID: 31252472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used as contrasts and tracers for bioimaging, heating sources for tumor therapy, carriers for controlled drug delivery, and labels for magnetic immunoassays. Here, we describe a MNP Brownian relaxation dynamics-based magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) method for the quantitative detection of molecular biomarkers. In MPS measurements, the harmonics of oscillating MNPs are recorded and used as a metric for the freedom of rotational motion, which indicates the bound states of the MNPs. These harmonics can be collected from microgram quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles within 10 s. As the harmonics are largely dependent on the quantity of the MNPs in the sample, the MPS bioassay results could be biased by the deviations of MNP quantities in each sample, especially for the very low-concentration biomarker detection scenarios. Herein, we report three MNP concentration/quantity-independent metrics for characterizing the bound states of MNPs in MPS. Using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a model, we demonstrate the feasibility of using MPS and MNP concentration/quantity-independent metrics to sense these molecular interactions, showing that this method can achieve rapid, wash-free bioassays, and is suitable for future point-of-care, sensitive, and versatile diagnosis.
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24
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Shi Y, Khurshid H, Ness DB, Weaver JB. Harmonic phase angles used for nanoparticle sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:8102-8115. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa8a4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Wu K, Schliep K, Zhang X, Liu J, Ma B, Wang JP. Characterizing Physical Properties of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles in Liquid Phase Using Brownian Relaxation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604135. [PMID: 28374941 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively used as bioimaging contrast agents, heating sources for tumor therapy, and carriers for controlled drug delivery and release to target organs and tissues. These applications require elaborate tuning of the physical and magnetic properties of the SPIONs. The authors present here a search-coil-based method to characterize these properties. The nonlinear magnetic response of SPIONs to alternating current magnetic fields induces harmonic signals that contain information of these nanoparticles. By analyzing the phase lag and harmonic ratios in the SPIONs, the authors can predict the saturation magnetization, the average hydrodynamic size, the dominating relaxation processes of SPIONs, and the distinction between single- and multicore particles. The numerical simulations reveal that the harmonic ratios are inversely proportional to saturation magnetizations and core diameters of SPIONs, and that the phase lag is dependent on the hydrodynamic volumes of SPIONs, which corroborate the experimental results. Herein, the authors stress the feasibility of using search coils as a method to characterize physical and magnetic properties of SPIONs, which may be applied as building blocks in nanoparticle characterization devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- The Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies (MINT), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Karl Schliep
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jinming Liu
- The Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies (MINT), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- The Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies (MINT), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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26
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Khurshid H, Friedman B, Berwin B, Shi Y, Ness DB, Weaver JB. Blood clot detection using magnetic nanoparticles. AIP ADVANCES 2017; 7:056723. [PMID: 28289550 PMCID: PMC5315662 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis, the development of blood clots in the peripheral veins, is a very serious, life threatening condition that is prevalent in the elderly. To deliver proper treatment that enhances the survival rate, it is very important to detect thrombi early and at the point of care. We explored the ability of magnetic particle spectroscopy (MSB) to detect thrombus via specific binding of aptamer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with the blood clot. MSB uses the harmonics produced by nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field to measure the rotational freedom and, therefore, the bound state of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles' relaxation time for Brownian rotation increases when bound [A.M. Rauwerdink and J. B. Weaver, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 1 (2010)]. The relaxation time can therefore be used to characterize the nanoparticle binding to thrombin in the blood clot. For longer relaxation times, the approach to saturation is more gradual reducing the higher harmonics and the harmonic ratio. The harmonic ratios of nanoparticles conjugated with anti-thrombin aptamers (ATP) decrease significantly over time with blood clot present in the sample medium, compared with nanoparticles without ATP. Moreover, the blood clot removed from the sample medium produced a significant MSB signal, indicating the nanoparticles are immobilized on the clot. Our results show that MSB could be a very useful non-invasive, quick tool to detect blood clots at the point of care so proper treatment can be used to reduce the risks inherent in deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Bruce Friedman
- Cardiology Department, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Brent Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine , Hanover New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Dartmouth College , Hanover New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon New Hampshire 03756, USA
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Smart materials on the way to theranostic nanorobots: Molecular machines and nanomotors, advanced biosensors, and intelligent vehicles for drug delivery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1530-1544. [PMID: 28130158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theranostics, a fusion of two key parts of modern medicine - diagnostics and therapy of the organism's disorders, promises to bring the efficacy of medical treatment to a fundamentally new level and to become the basis of personalized medicine. Extrapolating today's progress in the field of smart materials to the long-run prospect, we can imagine future intelligent agents capable of performing complex analysis of different physiological factors inside the living organism and implementing a built-in program thereby triggering a series of therapeutic actions. These agents, by analogy with their macroscopic counterparts, can be called nanorobots. It is quite obscure what these devices are going to look like but they will be more or less based on today's achievements in nanobiotechnology. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present Review is an attempt to systematize highly diverse nanomaterials, which may potentially serve as modules for theranostic nanorobotics, e.g., nanomotors, sensing units, and payload carriers. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Biocomputing-based sensing, externally actuated or chemically "fueled" autonomous movement, swarm inter-agent communication behavior are just a few inspiring examples that nanobiotechnology can offer today for construction of truly intelligent drug delivery systems. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The progress of smart nanomaterials toward fully autonomous drug delivery nanorobots is an exciting prospect for disease treatment. Synergistic combination of the available approaches and their further development may produce intelligent drugs of unmatched functionality.
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28
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Weaver JB, Shi Y, Ness DB, Khurshid H, Samia ACS. Sensitivity Limits for in vivo ELISA Measurements of Molecular Biomarker Concentrations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING 2017; 3. [PMID: 34307836 PMCID: PMC8302994 DOI: 10.18416/ijmpi.2017.1706003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extremely high sensitivity that has been suggested for magnetic particle imaging has its roots in the unique signal produced by the nanoparticles at the frequencies of the harmonics of the drive field. That sensitivity should be translatable to other methods that utilize magnetic nanoparticle probes, specifically towards magnetic nanoparticle spectroscopy that is used to measure molecular biomarker concentrations for an “in vivo ELISA” assay approach. In this paper, we translate the predicted sensitivity of magnetic particle imaging into a projected sensitivity limit for in vivo ELISA. The simplifying assumptions adopted are: 1) the limiting noise in the detection system is equivalent to the minimum detectable mass of nanoparticles; 2) the nanoparticle’s signal arising from Brownian relaxation is completely eliminated by the molecular binding event, which can be accomplished by binding the nanoparticle to something so massive that it can no longer physically rotate and is large enough that Neel relaxation is minimal. Given these assumptions, the equation for the minimum concentration of molecular biomarker we should be able to detect is obtained and the in vivo sensitivity is estimated to be in the attomolar to zeptomolar range. Spectrometer design and nonspecific binding are the technical limitations that need to be overcome to achieve the theoretical limit presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yinpeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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29
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Heidari Sharafdarkolaei S, Motovali-Bashi M, Gill P. Fluorescent detection of point mutation via ligase reaction assisted by quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticle-based probes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03767h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanodiagnostic genotyping method was presented for point mutation detection directly in human genomic DNA based on ligase reaction coupled with quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticle-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Gill
- Nanomedicine Group
- Immunogenetics Research Center
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
- Sari
- Iran
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30
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Gong T, Gao Z, Bian W, Tai F, Liang W, Liang W, Dong Q, Dong C. Co-containing and Pt-containing polymer blend to ferromagnetic CoPt NPs: Synthesis, characterization and patterning study by nanoimprint lithography. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Krishna VD, Wu K, Perez AM, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance-based Biosensor for Detection of Influenza A Virus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:400. [PMID: 27065967 PMCID: PMC4809872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a simple and sensitive method for the detection of influenza A virus based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensor. This assay employs monoclonal antibodies to viral nucleoprotein (NP) in combination with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Presence of influenza virus allows the binding of MNPs to the GMR sensor and the binding is proportional to the concentration of virus. Binding of MNPs onto the GMR sensor causes change in the resistance of sensor, which is measured in a real time electrical readout. GMR biosensor detected as low as 1.5 × 10(2) TCID50/mL virus and the signal intensity increased with increasing concentration of virus up to 1.0 × 10(5) TCID50/mL. This study showed that the GMR biosensor assay is relevant for diagnostic application since the virus concentration in nasal samples of influenza virus infected swine was reported to be in the range of 10(3) to 10(5) TCID50/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. PaulMN, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, MinneapolisMN, USA
| | - Andres M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. PaulMN, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, MinneapolisMN, USA
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32
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Reeves DB, Shi Y, Weaver JB. Generalized Scaling and the Master Variable for Brownian Magnetic Nanoparticle Dynamics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150856. [PMID: 26959493 PMCID: PMC4784917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of magnetic particles can help to advance several biomedical nanotechnologies. Previously, scaling relationships have been used in magnetic spectroscopy of nanoparticle Brownian motion (MSB) to measure biologically relevant properties (e.g., temperature, viscosity, bound state) surrounding nanoparticles in vivo. Those scaling relationships can be generalized with the introduction of a master variable found from non-dimensionalizing the dynamical Langevin equation. The variable encapsulates the dynamical variables of the surroundings and additionally includes the particles' size distribution and moment and the applied field's amplitude and frequency. From an applied perspective, the master variable allows tuning to an optimal MSB biosensing sensitivity range by manipulating both frequency and field amplitude. Calculation of magnetization harmonics in an oscillating applied field is also possible with an approximate closed-form solution in terms of the master variable and a single free parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Reeves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755 United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755 United States of America
| | - John B. Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755 United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, 03755 United States of America
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33
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Kumar A, Chowdhuri AR, Laha D, Chandra S, Karmakar P, Sahu SK. One-pot synthesis of carbon dot-entrenched chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles for fluorescence-based Cu2+ ion sensing and cell imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new synthetic approach is developed for the synthesis of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles which are explored for the detection of mostly abundant transition metal Cu2+ ions and cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | | | - Dipranjan Laha
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Soumen Chandra
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Sahu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
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34
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Reeves DB, Weaver JB. Combined Néel and Brown rotational Langevin dynamics in magnetic particle imaging, sensing, and therapy. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2015; 107:223106. [PMID: 26648595 PMCID: PMC4670450 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have been studied intensely because of their possible uses in biomedical applications. Biosensing using the rotational freedom of particles has been used to detect biomarkers for cancer, hyperthermia therapy has been used to treat tumors, and magnetic particle imaging is a promising new imaging modality that can spatially resolve the concentration of nanoparticles. There are two mechanisms by which the magnetization of a nanoparticle can rotate, a fact that poses a challenge for applications that rely on precisely one mechanism. The challenge is exacerbated by the high sensitivity of the dominant mechanism to applied fields. Here, we demonstrate stochastic Langevin equation simulations for the combined rotation in magnetic nanoparticles exposed to oscillating applied fields typical to these applications to both highlight the existing relevant theory and quantify which mechanism should occur in various parameter ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Reeves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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35
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Yang J, Donolato M, Pinto A, Bosco FG, Hwu ET, Chen CH, Alstrøm TS, Lee GH, Schäfer T, Vavassori P, Boisen A, Lin Q, Hansen MF. Blu-ray based optomagnetic aptasensor for detection of small molecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 75:396-403. [PMID: 26342583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an aptamer-based optomagnetic biosensor for detection of a small molecule based on target binding-induced inhibition of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) clustering. For the detection of a target small molecule, two mutually exclusive binding reactions (aptamer-target binding and aptamer-DNA linker hybridization) are designed. An aptamer specific to the target and a DNA linker complementary to a part of the aptamer sequence are immobilized onto separate MNPs. Hybridization of the DNA linker and the aptamer induces formation of MNP clusters. The target-to-aptamer binding on MNPs prior to the addition of linker-functionalized MNPs significantly hinders the hybridization reaction, thus reducing the degree of MNP clustering. The clustering state, which is thus related to the target concentration, is then quantitatively determined by an optomagnetic readout technique that provides the hydrodynamic size distribution of MNPs and their clusters. A commercial Blu-ray optical pickup unit is used for optical signal acquisition, which enables the establishment of a low-cost and miniaturized biosensing platform. Experimental results show that the degree of MNP clustering correlates well with the concentration of a target small molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in this work, in the range between 10µM and 10mM. This successful proof-of-concept indicates that our optomagnetic aptasensor can be further developed as a low-cost biosensing platform for detection of small molecule biomarkers in an out-of-lab setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Yang
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Marco Donolato
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Filippo Giacomo Bosco
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - En-Te Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tommy Sonne Alstrøm
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Schäfer
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Vavassori
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Mikkel Fougt Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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36
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Reeves DB, Weaver JB. Comparisons of characteristic timescales and approximate models for Brownian magnetic nanoparticle rotations. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2015; 117:233905. [PMID: 26130846 PMCID: PMC4474943 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are promising tools for a host of therapeutic and diagnostic medical applications. The dynamics of rotating magnetic nanoparticles in applied magnetic fields depend strongly on the type and strength of the field applied. There are two possible rotation mechanisms and the decision for the dominant mechanism is often made by comparing the equilibrium relaxation times. This is a problem when particles are driven with high-amplitude fields because they are not necessarily at equilibrium at all. Instead, it is more appropriate to consider the "characteristic timescales" that arise in various applied fields. Approximate forms for the characteristic time of Brownian particle rotations do exist and we show agreement between several analytical and phenomenological-fit models to simulated data from a stochastic Langevin equation approach. We also compare several approximate models with solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation to determine their range of validity for general fields and relaxation times. The effective field model is an excellent approximation, while the linear response solution is only useful for very low fields and frequencies for realistic Brownian particle rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Reeves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - John B Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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37
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Zhang X, Reeves D, Shi Y, Gimi B, Nemani KV, Perreard IM, Toraya-Brown S, Fiering S, Weaver JB. Toward Localized In Vivo Biomarker Concentration Measurements. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2015. [PMID: 26203196 DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2015.2442831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We know a great deal about the biochemistry of cells because they can be isolated and studied. The biochemistry of the much more complex in vivo environment is more difficult to study because the only ways to quantitate concentrations is to sacrifice the animal or biopsy the tissue. Either method disrupts the environment profoundly and neither method allows longitudinal studies on the same individual. Methods of measuring chemical concentrations in vivo are very valuable alternatives to sacrificing groups of animals. We are developing microscopic magnetic nanoparticle (mNP) probes to measure the concentration of a selected molecule in vivo. The mNPs are targeted to bind the selected molecule and the resulting reduction in rotational freedom can be quantified remotely using magnetic spectroscopy. The mNPs must be contained in micrometer sized porous shells to keep them from migrating and to protect them from clearance by the immune system. There are two key issues in the development of the probes. First, we demonstrate the ability to measure concentrations in the porous walled alginate probes both in phosphate buffered saline and in blood, which is an excellent surrogate for the complex and challenging in vivo environment. Second, sensitivity is critical because it allows microscopic probes to measure very small concentrations very far away. We report sensitivity measurements on recently introduced technology that has allowed us to improve the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude, a factor of 200 so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Daniel Reeves
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Barjor Gimi
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA
| | - Krishnamurthy V Nemani
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Irina M Perreard
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | | | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - John B Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
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38
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Zhang X, Reeves D, Shi Y, Gimi B, Nemani KV, Perreard IM, Toraya-Brown S, Fiering S, Weaver JB. Toward Localized In Vivo Biomarker Concentration Measurements. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2015. [PMID: 26203196 PMCID: PMC4507828 DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2014.2324993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We know a great deal about the biochemistry of cells because they can be isolated and studied. The biochemistry of the much more complex in vivo environment is more difficult to study because the only ways to quantitate concentrations is to sacrifice the animal or biopsy the tissue. Either method disrupts the environment profoundly and neither method allows longitudinal studies on the same individual. Methods of measuring chemical concentrations in vivo are very valuable alternatives to sacrificing groups of animals. We are developing microscopic magnetic nanoparticle (mNP) probes to measure the concentration of a selected molecule in vivo. The mNPs are targeted to bind the selected molecule and the resulting reduction in rotational freedom can be quantified remotely using magnetic spectroscopy. The mNPs must be contained in micrometer sized porous shells to keep them from migrating and to protect them from clearance by the immune system. There are two key issues in the development of the probes. First, we demonstrate the ability to measure concentrations in the porous walled alginate probes both in phosphate buffered saline and in blood, which is an excellent surrogate for the complex and challenging in vivo environment. Second, sensitivity is critical because it allows microscopic probes to measure very small concentrations very far away. We report sensitivity measurements on recently introduced technology that has allowed us to improve the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude, a factor of 200 so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Daniel Reeves
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Barjor Gimi
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA
| | - Krishnamurthy V Nemani
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Irina M Perreard
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | | | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - John B Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA ; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA ; Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
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39
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Bian B, He J, Du J, Xia W, Zhang J, Liu JP, Li W, Hu C, Yan A. Growth mechanism and magnetic properties of monodisperse L1(0)-Co(Fe)Pt@C core-shell nanoparticles by one-step solid-phase synthesis. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:975-980. [PMID: 25462862 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present a novel one-step solid-phase reaction method for the synthesis of L10-CoPt@C core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) using organic metal precursors without surfactants. The obtained CoPt@C NPs have a good face-centered tetragonal single crystal structure and regular shape. The mean size of CoPt is 14 nm with a uniform carbon shell. The evolution of the core-shell structure during the synthesizing process is investigated in detail. Firstly organic metal precursors are decomposed, followed by the formation of grains/clusters in a metal-carbon intermediate state. Then the metal-carbon small grains/clusters agglomerate and recrystallize into single crystal metal alloy NPs covered with a carbon layer. The carbon shell is effective in preventing the coalescence of L10-CoPt NPs during high temperature sintering. The prepared L10-FePt nanoparticles have a high coercivity of up to 12.2 kOe at room temperature. This one-step solid-state synthesizing method could also be employed for the preparation of other types of nanostructures with high crystallinity, monodispersity and chemically ordered phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoru Bian
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are useful biological probes as well as therapeutic agents. Several approaches have been used to model nanoparticle magnetization dynamics for both Brownian as well as Neel rotation. Magnetizations are often of interest and can be compared with experimental results. Here we summarize these approaches, including the Stoner-Wohlfarth approach and stochastic approaches including thermal fluctuations. Non-equilibrium-related temperature effects can be described by a distribution function approach (Fokker-Planck equation) or a stochastic differential equation (Langevin equation). Approximate models in several regimes can be derived from these general approaches to simplify implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Reeves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6127 Wilder Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, 03755
| | - John B Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6127 Wilder Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, 03755; Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire
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41
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Baker I, Fiering SN, Griswold KE, Hoopes PJ, Kekalo K, Ndong C, Paulsen K, Petryk AA, Pogue B, Shubitidze F, Weaver J. The Dartmouth Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence: magnetic hyperthermia. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1685-92. [PMID: 26080693 PMCID: PMC4493741 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dartmouth Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence - one of nine funded by the National Cancer Institute as part of the Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer - focuses on the use of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer diagnostics and hyperthermia therapy. It brings together a diverse team of engineers and biomedical researchers with expertise in nanomaterials, molecular targeting, advanced biomedical imaging and translational in vivo studies. The goal of successfully treating cancer is being approached by developing nanoparticles, conjugating them with Fabs, hyperthermia treatment, immunotherapy and sensing treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baker
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Steve N Fiering
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Karl E Griswold
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - P Jack Hoopes
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Katerina Kekalo
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christian Ndong
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Keith Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Alicea A Petryk
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brian Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Fridon Shubitidze
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - John Weaver
- Thayer School of Engineering, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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42
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Wang X, Wei F, Yan S, Zhang H, Tan X, Zhang L, Zhou G, Cui L, Li C, Wang L, Li Y. Innovative fluorescent magnetic albumin microbead-assisted cell labeling and intracellular imaging of glioblastoma cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Reeves DB, Weaver JB. Magnetic nanoparticle sensing: decoupling the magnetization from the excitation field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2014; 47:045002. [PMID: 24610961 PMCID: PMC3939079 DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing of magnetic nanoparticles has exciting applications for magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and molecular detection. We introduce, simulate, and experimentally demonstrate an innovation-a sensing coil that is geometrically decoupled from the excitation field-for magnetic nanoparticle spectroscopy that increases the flexibility and capabilities of remote detection. The decoupling enhances the sensitivity absolutely; to small amounts of nanoparticles, and relatively; to small changes in the nanoparticle dynamics. We adapt a previous spectroscopic method that measures the relaxation time of nanoparticles and demonstrate a new measurement of nanoparticle temperature that could potentially be used concurrently during hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Reeves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Hall, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - John B Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Hall, Hanover, NH 03755
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