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De La Torre AL, Huynh TN, Chang CCY, Pooler DB, Ness DB, Lewis LD, Pannem S, Feng Y, Samkoe KS, Hickey WF, Chang TY. Stealth Liposomes Encapsulating a Potent ACAT1/SOAT1 Inhibitor F12511: Pharmacokinetic, Biodistribution, and Toxicity Studies in Wild-Type Mice and Efficacy Studies in Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11013. [PMID: 37446191 PMCID: PMC10341764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for cellular function and is stored as cholesteryl esters (CEs). CEs biosynthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), with ACAT1 being the primary isoenzyme in most cells in humans. In Alzheimer's Disease, CEs accumulate in vulnerable brain regions. Therefore, ACATs may be promising targets for treating AD. F12511 is a high-affinity ACAT1 inhibitor that has passed phase 1 safety tests for antiatherosclerosis. Previously, we developed a nanoparticle system to encapsulate a large concentration of F12511 into a stealth liposome (DSPE-PEG2000 with phosphatidylcholine). Here, we injected the nanoparticle encapsulated F12511 (nanoparticle F) intravenously (IV) in wild-type mice and performed an HPLC/MS/MS analysis and ACAT enzyme activity measurement. The results demonstrated that F12511 was present within the mouse brain after a single IV but did not overaccumulate in the brain or other tissues after repeated IVs. A histological examination showed that F12511 did not cause overt neurological or systemic toxicity. We then showed that a 2-week IV delivery of nanoparticle F to aging 3xTg AD mice ameliorated amyloidopathy, reduced hyperphosphorylated tau and nonphosphorylated tau, and reduced neuroinflammation. This work lays the foundation for nanoparticle F to be used as a possible therapy for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna L. De La Torre
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.L.D.L.T.)
| | - Thao N. Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.L.D.L.T.)
| | - Catherine C. Y. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.L.D.L.T.)
| | - Darcy B. Pooler
- Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Sanjana Pannem
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (S.P.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yichen Feng
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (S.P.); (Y.F.)
| | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (S.P.); (Y.F.)
| | - William F. Hickey
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA;
| | - Ta Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.L.D.L.T.)
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Lear JT, Morris LM, Ness DB, Lewis LD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors used in the treatment of advanced or treatment-refractory basal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:1211-1220. [PMID: 37975712 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2285849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sonidegib and vismodegib are currently the only US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency-approved small-molecule Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs)for treating adults with advanced or refractory basal cell carcinoma (BCC) that is not amenable to conventional surgery or radiotherapy. At this time, there are no head-to-head clinical trials comparing these two HHIs for efficacy and safety to assist clinicians with determining which HHI may be best suited for their patients. AREAS COVERED This review briefly describes the pathogenesis of BCC, provides a detailed overview of the key pharmacokinetic profile differences between sonidegib and vismodegib, explains their pharmacodynamics, and highlights the therapeutic considerations when either HHI is used to treat special patient populations. EXPERT OPINION Although both HHIs act at the same molecular target in the Hedgehog pathway, there are significant differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles that may play a potential role in their efficacy and safety. Evidence-based recommendations serve to inform clinicians until direct comparative clinical trials of sonidegib versus vismodegib are conducted to determine the clinical relevance of the reported differences in their pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Lear
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Dermatology Center, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Linda M Morris
- Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine & The Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine & The Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine & The Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Ness DB, Pooler DB, Ades S, Highhouse BJ, Labrie BM, Zhou J, Gui J, Lewis LD, Ernstoff MS. A phase II study of alternating sunitinib and temsirolimus therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37148554 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that inhibits VEGF receptor 1, 2, 3 (VEGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSFR), and the stem cell factor receptor c-KIT. Temsirolimus inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through binding to intracellular protein FKBP-12. Both agents are approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), have different anticancer mechanisms, and non-overlapping toxicities. These attributes form the scientific rationale for sequential combination of these agents. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of alternating sunitinib and temsirolimus therapy on progression-free survival (PFS) in mRCC. METHODS We undertook a phase II, multi-center, single cohort, open-label study in patients with mRCC. Patients were treated with alternating dosing of 4 weeks of sunitinib 50 mg PO daily, followed by 2 weeks rest, then 4 weeks of temsirolimus 25 mg IV weekly, followed by 2 weeks rest (12 weeks total per cycle). The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints included clinical response rate and characterization of the toxicity profile of this combination therapy. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled into the study. The median observed PFS (n = 13 evaluable for PFS) was 8.8 months (95% CI 6.8-25.2 months). Best responses achieved were five partial response, nine stable disease, and three disease progression according to RECIST 1.1 guidelines (two non-evaluable). The most commonly observed toxicities were fatigue, platelet count decrease, creatinine increased, diarrhea, oral mucositis, edema, anemia, rash, hypophosphatemia, dysgeusia, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. CONCLUSION Alternating sunitinib and temsirolimus did not improve the PFS in patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Ness
- Department of Medicine and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Darcy B Pooler
- Department of Medicine and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Steven Ades
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Brian J Highhouse
- Section of Hematology/Oncology and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bridget M Labrie
- Department of Medicine and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Department of Medicine and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Section of Hematology/Oncology and the Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis at National Cancer Institute, ImmunoOncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Phillips JD, Pooler DB, Ness DB, Fay K, Tau S, Demidenko E, Hampsch RA, Lewis LD, Miller TW. Tumour, whole-blood, plasma and tissue concentrations of metformin in lung cancer patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:1027-1035. [PMID: 36164710 PMCID: PMC9931625 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Metformin is used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is being tested clinically as an anticancer agent. Metformin concentrations safely achievable in human solid tissues including tumours are unknown. This study was designed to determine metformin concentration in tissue compartments as a function of dose to inform rational dosing in preclinical models and interpretation of clinical results." METHODS Subjects with solid tumours to be treated by resection and either (A) willingness to take metformin for 7-10 days before surgery or (B) taking metformin for T2DM were eligible. Whole blood, plasma, tumour, tumour-adjacent uninvolved tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained for liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to measure metformin concentrations. RESULTS All subjects had primary lung tumours. Metformin dose was significantly correlated with drug concentrations in all tissues analysed. Intersubject metformin concentrations varied by over two orders of magnitude. Metformin concentrations were significantly higher in tumour tissues and lower in adipose tissues compared to other tissues. Concentrations in blood and plasma were significantly correlated with concentrations in solid tissues. CONCLUSION Metformin accumulates in cellular compartments. Concentrations observed in plasma, blood, lung and tumour tissues in subjects treated with US Food and Drug Administration-approved doses for T2DM are lower than those typically used in tissue culture studies. However, such tissue concentrations are in line with those found within cultured cells treated with supra-pharmacological doses of metformin. Given the large intersubject variability in metformin concentrations, it is imperative to determine whether there is an association between tissue metformin concentration and anticancer activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Darcy B. Pooler
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kayla Fay
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Steven Tau
- Department of Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Riley A. Hampsch
- Department of Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Todd W. Miller
- Department of Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Pooler DB, Ness DB, Danilov AV, Labrie BM, Tosteson TD, Eastman A, Lewis LD, Lansigan F. A phase I trial of BNC105P and ibrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. EJHaem 2022; 3:1445-1448. [PMID: 36467840 PMCID: PMC9713021 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy B. Pooler
- Sections of Clinical Pharmacology and Hematology OncologyDepartment of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouthand Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- The Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Sections of Clinical Pharmacology and Hematology OncologyDepartment of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouthand Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- The Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
| | - Alexey V. Danilov
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bridget M. Labrie
- Sections of Clinical Pharmacology and Hematology OncologyDepartment of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouthand Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
| | - Tor D. Tosteson
- The Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- Department of Biomedical Data ScienceGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Alan Eastman
- The Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- Department of Molecular and Systems BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Sections of Clinical Pharmacology and Hematology OncologyDepartment of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouthand Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- The Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
| | - Frederick Lansigan
- Sections of Clinical Pharmacology and Hematology OncologyDepartment of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouthand Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- The Dartmouth Cancer Center at Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
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Weaver JB, Weaver CV, Ness DB, Gordon-Wylie SW, Demidenko E. One-Sided Multidimensional Statistical Significance Testing: A New Method of Calculating the Statistical Significance of Spectra Used to Demonstrate Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensitivity. J Phys D Appl Phys 2022; 55:325001. [PMID: 35726230 PMCID: PMC9206232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ac7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Estimating statistical significance of the difference between two spectra or series is a fundamental statistical problem. Multivariate significance tests exist but the limitations preclude their use in many common cases; e.g., one-sided testing, unequal variance and when few repetitions are acquired all of which are required in magnetic spectroscopy of nanoparticle Brownian motion (MSB). We introduce a test, termed the T-S test, that is powerful and exact (exact type I error). It is flexible enough to be one- or two-sided and the one-sided version can specify arbitrary regions where each spectrum should be larger. The T-S test takes the-one or two-sided p-value at each frequency and combines them using Stouffer's method. We evaluated it using simulated spectra and measured MSB spectra. For the single-sided version, mean of the spectrum, A-T, was used as a reference; the T-S test is as powerful when the variance at each frequency is uniform and outperforms when the noise power is not uniform. For the two-sided version, the Hotelling T2 two-sided multivariate test was used as a reference; the two-sided T-S test is only slightly less powerful for large numbers of repetitions and outperforms rather dramatically for small numbers of repetitions. The T-S test was used to estimate the sensitivity of our current MSB spectrometer showing 1 nanogram sensitivity. Using eight repetitions the T-S test allowed 15 pM concentrations of mouse IL-6 to be identified while the mean of the spectra only identified 76 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, the Department of Physics, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College
| | - Claire V. Weaver
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, presently at Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, & Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
| | | | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
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Rojas IY, Moyer BJ, Ringelberg CS, Wilkins OM, Pooler DB, Ness DB, Coker S, Tosteson TD, Lewis LD, Chamberlin MD, Tomlinson CR. Kynurenine-Induced Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Mice Causes Body Mass Gain, Liver Steatosis, and Hyperglycemia. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:337-349. [PMID: 33491319 PMCID: PMC10782555 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a key role in obesity. In vitro studies revealed that the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) activates AHR signaling in cultured hepatocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether Kyn activated the AHR in mice to induce obesity. METHODS Mice were fed a low-fat diet and the same diet supplemented with Kyn. Body mass, liver status, and the expression of identified relevant genes were determined. RESULTS Kyn caused mice to gain significant body mass, develop fatty liver and hyperglycemia, and increase expression levels of cytochrome P450 1B1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. The hyperglycemia was accompanied with decreased insulin levels, which may have been due to the repression of genes involved in insulin secretion. Kyn plasma concentrations and BMI were measured in female patients, and a significant association was observed between Kyn and age in patients with obesity but not in patients who were lean. CONCLUSIONS Results show that (1) Kyn or a metabolite thereof is a ligand responsible for inducing AHR-based obesity, fatty liver, and hyperglycemia in mice; (2) plasma Kyn levels increase with age in women with obesity but not in lean women; and (3) an activated AHR is necessary but not sufficient to attain obesity, a status that also requires fat in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y. Rojas
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Moyer
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Carol S. Ringelberg
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Owen M. Wilkins
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Darcy B. Pooler
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dylan B. Ness
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shodeinde Coker
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Tor D. Tosteson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Mary D. Chamberlin
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Craig R. Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Gordon-Wylie SW, Ness DB, Shi Y, Mirza SK, Paulsen KD, Weaver JB. Measuring protein biomarker concentrations using antibody tagged magnetic nanoparticles. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6. [PMID: 34676103 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abc45b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions biomarker concentrations tend to rise and fall over time e.g. for inflammation. Ex vivo measurements provide a snapshot in time of biomarker concentrations, which is useful, but limited. Approaching real time monitoring of biomarker concentration(s) using a wearable, implantable or injectable in vivo sensor is therefore an appealing target. As an early step towards developing an in vivo biomarker sensor, antibody (AB) tagged magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are used here to demonstrate the in vitro measurement of ~5 distinct biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity. In previous work, aptamers were used to target a given biomarker in vitro and generate magnetic clusters that exhibit a characteristic rotational signature quite different from free NPs. Here the method is expanded to detect a much wider range of biomarkers using polyclonal ABs attached to the surface of the NPs. Commercial ABs exist for a wide range of targets allowing accurate and specific concentration measurements for most significant biomarkers. We show sufficient detection sensitivity, using an in-house spectrometer to measure the rotational signatures of the NPs, to assess physiological concentrations of hormones, cytokines and other signaling molecules. Detection limits for biomarkers drawn mainly from pain and inflammation targets were: 10 pM for mouse Granzyme B (mGZM-B), 40 pM for mouse interferon-gamma (mIFN-γ), 7 pM for mouse interleukin-6 (mIL-6), 40 pM for rat interleukin-6 (rIL-6), 40 pM for mouse vascular endothelial growth factor (mVEGF) and 250 pM for rat calcitonin gene related peptide (rCGRP). Much lower detection limits are certainly possible using improved spectrometers and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Gordon-Wylie
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, United States of America
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America
| | - Sohail K Mirza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, United States of America
| | - John B Weaver
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America.,Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States of America.,Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, United States of America
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Pooler DB, Ness DB, Sarantopoulos J, Squittieri N, Ravichandran S, Britten CD, Amaravadi RK, Vaishampayan U, LoRusso P, Shapiro GI, Olszanski AJ, Perez R, Gutierrez M, O'Rourke MA, Chung V, Lee JJ, Lewis LD. The effect of sonidegib (LDE225) on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and warfarin in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1291-1302. [PMID: 32736411 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the potential effect of sonidegib at an oral dose of 800 mg once daily (QD) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the probe drugs warfarin (CYP2C9) and bupropion (CYP2B6). METHODS This was a multicentre, open-label study to evaluate the effect of sonidegib on the PK of the probe drugs warfarin and bupropion in patients with advanced solid tumours. Cohort 1 patients received a single warfarin 15-mg dose on Day 1 of the run-in period and on Cycle 2 Day 22 (C2D22) of sonidegib administration. Cohort 2 patients received a single bupropion 75-mg dose on Day 1 of run-in period and on C2D22 of sonidegib administration. Sonidegib 800 mg QD oral dosing began on Cycle 1 Day 1 of a 28-day cycle after the run-in period in both cohorts. RESULTS The geometric means ratios [90% confidence interval] for (S)-warfarin with and without sonidegib were: area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf ) 1.15 [1.07, 1.24] and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) 0.88 [0.81, 0.97]; and for (R)-warfarin were: AUCinf 1.10 [0.98, 1.24] and Cmax 0.93 [0.87, 1.0]. The geometric means ratios [90% confidence interval] of bupropion with and without sonidegib were: AUCinf 1.10 [0.99, 1.23] and Cmax 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]. Sonidegib 800 mg had a safety profile that was similar to that of lower dose sonidegib 200 mg and was unaffected by single doses of the probe drugs. CONCLUSIONS Sonidegib dosed orally at 800 mg QD (higher than the Food and Drug Administration-approved dose) did not impact the PK or pharmacodynamics of warfarin (CYP2C9 probe substrate) or the PK of bupropion (CYP2B6 probe substrate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy B Pooler
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center & Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center & Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - John Sarantopoulos
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Perez
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, Kansas
| | | | | | - Vincent Chung
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - James J Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center & Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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Weaver JB, Ness DB, Fields J, Jyoti D, Gordon-Wylie SW, Berwin BL, Mirza S, Fiering SN. Identifying in vivo inflammation using magnetic nanoparticle spectra. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:125003. [PMID: 32311682 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab8afd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We are developing magnetic nanoparticle (NP) methods to characterize inflammation and infection in vivo. Peritoneal infection in C57BL/6 mice was used as a biological model. An intraperitoneal NP injection was followed by measurement of magnetic nanoparticle spectroscopy of Brownian rotation (MSB) spectra taken over time. MSB measures the magnetization of NPs in a low frequency alternating magnetic field. Two groups of three mice were studied; each group had two infected mice and one control with no infection. The raw MSB signal was compared with two derived metrics: the NP relaxation time and number of NPs present in the sensitive volume of the receive coil. A four compartment dynamic model was used to relate those physical properties to the relevant biological processes including phagocytic activity and migration. The relaxation time increased over time for all of the mice as the NPs were absorbed. The NP number decreased over time as the NPs were cleared from the sensitive volume of the receive coil. The composite p-values for all three rate constants were significant: raw signal, 0.0002, relaxation, <10-16 and local NP clearance, <10-16. However, not all the individual mice had significant changes: Only half the infected mice had significantly different rate constants for raw signal reduction. All infected mice had significantly smaller relaxation time constants. All but one of the infected mice had significantly lower rate constants for local clearance. Relaxation is affected by both phagocytic activity, edema and temperature changes and it should be possible to better isolate those effects to more completely characterize inflammation using more advanced MSB methods. The MSB NP signal can be used to identify inflammation in vivo because it has the unique ability to monitor phagocytic absorption through relaxation measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States of America. Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America. Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Khurshid H, Friedman B, Berwin B, Shi Y, Ness DB, Weaver JB. Blood clot detection using magnetic nanoparticles. AIP Adv 2017; 7:056723. [PMID: 28289550 PMCID: PMC5315662 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis, the development of blood clots in the peripheral veins, is a very serious, life threatening condition that is prevalent in the elderly. To deliver proper treatment that enhances the survival rate, it is very important to detect thrombi early and at the point of care. We explored the ability of magnetic particle spectroscopy (MSB) to detect thrombus via specific binding of aptamer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with the blood clot. MSB uses the harmonics produced by nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field to measure the rotational freedom and, therefore, the bound state of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles' relaxation time for Brownian rotation increases when bound [A.M. Rauwerdink and J. B. Weaver, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 1 (2010)]. The relaxation time can therefore be used to characterize the nanoparticle binding to thrombin in the blood clot. For longer relaxation times, the approach to saturation is more gradual reducing the higher harmonics and the harmonic ratio. The harmonic ratios of nanoparticles conjugated with anti-thrombin aptamers (ATP) decrease significantly over time with blood clot present in the sample medium, compared with nanoparticles without ATP. Moreover, the blood clot removed from the sample medium produced a significant MSB signal, indicating the nanoparticles are immobilized on the clot. Our results show that MSB could be a very useful non-invasive, quick tool to detect blood clots at the point of care so proper treatment can be used to reduce the risks inherent in deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Bruce Friedman
- Cardiology Department, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Brent Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine , Hanover New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Yipeng Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Dartmouth College , Hanover New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon New Hampshire 03756, USA
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Weaver JB, Shi Y, Ness DB, Khurshid H, Samia ACS. Sensitivity Limits for in vivo ELISA Measurements of Molecular Biomarker Concentrations. Int J Magn Part Imaging 2017; 3. [PMID: 34307836 PMCID: PMC8302994 DOI: 10.18416/ijmpi.2017.1706003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extremely high sensitivity that has been suggested for magnetic particle imaging has its roots in the unique signal produced by the nanoparticles at the frequencies of the harmonics of the drive field. That sensitivity should be translatable to other methods that utilize magnetic nanoparticle probes, specifically towards magnetic nanoparticle spectroscopy that is used to measure molecular biomarker concentrations for an “in vivo ELISA” assay approach. In this paper, we translate the predicted sensitivity of magnetic particle imaging into a projected sensitivity limit for in vivo ELISA. The simplifying assumptions adopted are: 1) the limiting noise in the detection system is equivalent to the minimum detectable mass of nanoparticles; 2) the nanoparticle’s signal arising from Brownian relaxation is completely eliminated by the molecular binding event, which can be accomplished by binding the nanoparticle to something so massive that it can no longer physically rotate and is large enough that Neel relaxation is minimal. Given these assumptions, the equation for the minimum concentration of molecular biomarker we should be able to detect is obtained and the in vivo sensitivity is estimated to be in the attomolar to zeptomolar range. Spectrometer design and nonspecific binding are the technical limitations that need to be overcome to achieve the theoretical limit presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yinpeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Dylan B Ness
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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Abstract
Genomic DNA from 46 B27+ ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, or normal individuals was digested with Taq I and probed, in Southern blots, with the HLA-B locus specific probe, EI7. Four restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), 2.5, 3.4, 3.8 and 4.0 or 8.0 kb, were observed for the B27 gene. In Caucasians, one of the B27 variants (2.5 kb) was more frequent in normals and almost never appeared in patients, suggesting a trend that is not yet statistically significant. In the course of defining the B27 polymorphisms, three and two RFLP, respectively, were also found for the B18 and B44 genes.
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Abstract
A new modification of an HLA-DR typing technique is described which makes DR typing as rapid and simple as routine HLA-A,B,C typing. In this new method, designated the TM1 technique, carboxyfluoresceindiacetate labeled peripheral blood lymphocytes are added directly to DR typing trays. The T cells are then lysed by addition of TM1, a pan-T cytotoxic IgM monoclonal antibody, and residual B-cell reactivity with cytotoxic DR alloantibodies is read as in routine fluorochromasia microlymphocytotoxicity. HLA-DR typing by the TM1 technique compares favorably to typing by methods using B cells enriched by sheep red blood cell rosetting or by Degalan bead columns. The TM1 technique also works well with cells that have been cryopreserved as well as with cells that have been separated from whole blood drawn as much as 3 days earlier. Finally, because TM1 is so effective in lysing normal T lymphocytes, this antibody may prove useful in functional in vitro and in vivo studies requiring T-cell depletion.
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Abstract
Using a large battery of Bw16, w38, and w39 antisera, a new variant of Bw16 has been identified in four unrelated Mexican-American families. The serologic pattern obtained is distinct from that for Bw38, Bw39, and 8W57 antigens. Absorption studies confirm the existence of this new Bw16 subtype which we term ST-16. ST-16 is Bw6-associated, with antigen frequency estimated to be 2.5% in Mexican-Americans.
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Abstract
Based on genotypic and phenotypic studies we have found strong linkage disequilibria in Caucasians among the genes HLA-Bw50, BfS1, and HLA-DR3 and/or -DR7. The relative disequilibria, which are among the highest described in man, are delta r (BfS1, DR7) = 0.51, delta r (Bw50, BfS1, DR7) = 0.36, delta r (Bw50, DR3 or 7) = 0.72, delta r (BfS1, DR3 or 7) = 0.91, delta r (Bw50, BfS1, DR3 or 7) = 0.73. The previously described high delta r (Bw50, BfS1) and delta r (Bw50, DR7) have also been confirmed. A B parallel DR crossover family is also presented that, together with previously reported recombinant families, confirms that the Bf locus resides between HLA-B and HLA-DR. These data suggest the existence of a supergene complex of Bw50, BfS1, DR3/7 (or MB2), and hypotheses to account for the observed disequilibria are discussed.
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Grumet FC, Charron DJ, Fendly BM, Levy R, Ness DB. HLA-DR epitope region definition by use of monoclonal antibody probes. The Journal of Immunology 1980. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.125.6.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Definition of HLA-DR epitopes has been attempted by utilizing monoclonal antibody probes. Hybridoma antibodies L203 and L227, known to bind different epitopes on human Ia-like molecules, were tested for their ability to block cytotoxicity of monoclonal and allogeneic anti-DR antibodies. Monoclonal cytotoxic antibodies segregated into two groups: those more effectively blocked by L203, and those more effectively blocked by L227. Alloantisera also segregated into two groups, but according to their DR specificity. Anti-DR1, -2, and -3 alloantisera were effectively blocked by both L203 and L227, whereas anti-DR7, -w9, -w10, and MT1 alloantisera were not blocked by either. Blocking was not correlated with immunoglobulin class of the alloantibody and further definition of the mechanism of cytotoxicity blocking remains to be elucidated. Based on these data and prior binding and immunochemical studies with L203 and L227, a model is proposed in which the tertiary structure of each DR molecule, or complex of associated molecules on the cell surface, has two reference epitopes, one defined by L203, and another defined by L227. HLA-DR epitopes defined by the cytotoxic monoclonal or alloantibodies to the L203 or L227 epitope in order to begin epitope mapping or grouping.
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Grumet FC, Charron DJ, Fendly BM, Levy R, Ness DB. HLA-DR epitope region definition by use of monoclonal antibody probes. J Immunol 1980; 125:2785-9. [PMID: 6159421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Definition of HLA-DR epitopes has been attempted by utilizing monoclonal antibody probes. Hybridoma antibodies L203 and L227, known to bind different epitopes on human Ia-like molecules, were tested for their ability to block cytotoxicity of monoclonal and allogeneic anti-DR antibodies. Monoclonal cytotoxic antibodies segregated into two groups: those more effectively blocked by L203, and those more effectively blocked by L227. Alloantisera also segregated into two groups, but according to their DR specificity. Anti-DR1, -2, and -3 alloantisera were effectively blocked by both L203 and L227, whereas anti-DR7, -w9, -w10, and MT1 alloantisera were not blocked by either. Blocking was not correlated with immunoglobulin class of the alloantibody and further definition of the mechanism of cytotoxicity blocking remains to be elucidated. Based on these data and prior binding and immunochemical studies with L203 and L227, a model is proposed in which the tertiary structure of each DR molecule, or complex of associated molecules on the cell surface, has two reference epitopes, one defined by L203, and another defined by L227. HLA-DR epitopes defined by the cytotoxic monoclonal or alloantibodies to the L203 or L227 epitope in order to begin epitope mapping or grouping.
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Ness DB, Smith S, Talcott JA, Grumet FC. T cell requirements for the expression of the lipopolysaccharide adjuvant effect in vivo: evidence for a T cell-dependent and a T cell-independent mode of action. Eur J Immunol 1976; 6:650-4. [PMID: 1087242 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo adjuvant effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice was investigated with the soluble synthetic polypeptide antigen (T, G)-A--L, the antibody response to which is determined by the Ir-1A gene. With this specific antigen it can be demonstrated that the LPS adjuvant effect has the following modes of action: a) a T cell-dependent enhancement of primary and secondary IgM antibody response; b) a T cell-dependent enhancement of IgG secondary andibody response; and c) a T cell-dependent induction of switchover from IgM to IgG andibody in some strains of Ir-1A low responders. Although T cells are necessary for some aspects of the adjuvant effect, these data do not distinguish between a mechanism involving a direct interaction between LPS and T cells or a direct interaction of LPS and B cells with a general requirement for T cells for expression of IgG antibody.
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Tyan ML, Ness DB. Mouse blood leukocytes: in vitro primary and secondary responses to two synthetic polypeptides. J Immunol 1971; 106:289-91. [PMID: 4100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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