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Patil PD, Gargate N, Dongarsane K, Jagtap H, Phirke AN, Tiwari MS, Nadar SS. Revolutionizing biocatalysis: A review on innovative design and applications of enzyme-immobilized microfluidic devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136193. [PMID: 39362440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Integrating microfluidic devices and enzymatic processes in biocatalysis is a rapidly advancing field with promising applications. This review explores various facets, including applications, scalability, techno-commercial implications, and environmental consequences. Enzyme-embedded microfluidic devices offer advantages such as compact dimensions, rapid heat transfer, and minimal reagent consumption, especially in pharmaceutical optically pure compound synthesis. Addressing scalability challenges involves strategies for uniform flow distribution and consistent residence time. Incorporation with downstream processing and biocatalytic reactions makes the overall process environmentally friendly. The review navigates challenges related to reaction kinetics, cofactor recycling, and techno-commercial aspects, highlighting cost-effectiveness, safety enhancements, and reduced energy consumption. The potential for automation and commercial-grade infrastructure is discussed, considering initial investments and long-term savings. The incorporation of machine learning in enzyme-embedded microfluidic devices advocates a blend of experimental and in-silico methods for optimization. This comprehensive review examines the advancements and challenges associated with these devices, focusing on their integration with enzyme immobilization techniques, the optimization of process parameters, and the techno-commercial considerations crucial for their widespread implementation. Furthermore, this review offers novel insights into strategies for overcoming limitations such as design complexities, laminar flow challenges, enzyme loading optimization, catalyst fouling, and multi-enzyme immobilization, highlighting the potential for sustainable and efficient enzymatic processes in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin D Patil
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Niharika Gargate
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Khushi Dongarsane
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Hrishikesh Jagtap
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Ajay N Phirke
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Manishkumar S Tiwari
- Department of Data Science, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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2
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Zhang Q, Hao Y, Zeng T, Shu W, Xue P, Li Y, Huang C, Ouyang L, Zou X, Zhao Z, Wang J, Yu XF, Zhou W. Modular Fabrication of Microfluidic Graphene FET for Nucleic Acids Biosensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401796. [PMID: 39044365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are widely used in biosensing due to their excellent properties in biomolecular signal amplification, exhibiting great potential for high-sensitivity and point-of-care testing in clinical diagnosis. However, difficulties in complicated fabrication steps are the main limitations for the further studies and applications of GFETs. In this study, a modular fabrication technique is introduced to construct microfluidic GFET biosensors within 3 independent steps. The low-melting metal electrodes and intricate flow channels are incorporated to maintain the structural integrity of graphene and facilitate subsequent sensing operations. The as-fabricated GFET biosensor demonstrates excellent long-term stability, and performs effectively in various ion environments. It also exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting single-stranded nucleic acids at a 10 fm concentration. Furthermore, when combined with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, it facilitates amplification-free and rapid detection of nucleic acids at a concentration of 1 fm. Thus, it is believed that this modular-fabricated microfluidic GFET may shed light on further development of FET-based biosensors in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdi Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxuan Hao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tonghua Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiliang Shu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chi Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liwei Ouyang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuming Zou
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Koball A, Obst F, Gaitzsch J, Voit B, Appelhans D. Boosting Microfluidic Enzymatic Cascade Reactions with pH-Responsive Polymersomes by Spatio-Chemical Activity Control. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400282. [PMID: 38989686 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic flow reactors permit the implementation of sensitive biocatalysts in polymeric environments (e.g., hydrogel dots), mimicking nature through the use of diverse microstructures within defined confinements. However, establishing complex hybrid structures to mimic biological processes and functions under continuous flow with optimal utilization of all components involved in the reaction process represents a significant scientific challenge. To achieve spatial, chemical, and temporal control for any microfluidic application, compartmentalization is required, as well as the unification of different sensitive compartments in the reaction chamber for the microfluidic flow design. This study presents a self-regulating microfluidic system fabricated by a sequential photostructuring process with an intermediate chemical process step to realize pH-sensitive hybrid structures for the fabrication of a microfluidic double chamber reactor for controlled enzymatic cascade reaction (ECR). The key point is the adaptation and retention of the function of pH-responsive horseradish peroxidase-loaded polymersomes in a microfluidic chip under continuous flow. ECR is successfully triggered and controlled by an interplay between glucose oxidase-converted glucose, the membrane state of pH-responsive polymersomes, and other parameters (e.g., flow rate and fluid composition). This study establishes a promising noninvasive regulatory platform for extended spatio-chemical control of current and future ECR and other cascade reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koball
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie der Polymere, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Obst
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie der Polymere, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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Sogore T, Guo M, Sun N, Jiang D, Shen M, Ding T. Microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat and methods for their detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13392. [PMID: 38865212 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cultured meat, which involves growing meat in a laboratory rather than breeding animals, offers potential benefits in terms of sustainability, health, and animal welfare compared to conventional meat production. However, the cultured meat production process involves several stages, each with potential hazards requiring careful monitoring and control. Microbial contamination risks exist in the initial cell collection from source animals and the surrounding environment. During cell proliferation, hazards may include chemical residues from media components such as antibiotics and growth factors, as well as microbial issues from improper bioreactor sterilization. In the differentiation stage where cells become muscle tissue, potential hazards include residues from scaffolding materials, microcarriers, and media components. Final maturation and harvesting stages risk environmental contamination from nonsterile conditions, equipment, or worker handling if proper aseptic conditions are not maintained. This review examines the key microbiological and chemical hazards that must be monitored and controlled during the manufacturing process for cultured meats. It describes some conventional and emerging novel techniques that could be applied for the detection of microbial and chemical hazards in cultured meat. The review also outlines the current evolving regulatory landscape around cultured meat and explains how thorough detection and characterization of microbiological and chemical hazards through advanced analytical techniques can provide crucial data to help develop robust, evidence-based food safety regulations specifically tailored for the cultured meat industry. Implementing new digital food safety methods is recommended for further research on the sensitive and effective detection of microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahirou Sogore
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Donglei Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Mofei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
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5
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Guette-Marquet S, Saunier V, Pilloux L, Roques C, Bergel A. Electrochemical assay of mammalian cell viability. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108625. [PMID: 38086275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the first use of amperometric detection to assess the viability of mammalian cells in continuous mode, directly in the cell culture medium. Vero or HeLa cells were injected into electrochemical sensors equipped with a 3-electrode system and containing DCIP 50 µM used as the redox mediator. DCIP was reduced by the viable cells and the reduced form was detected amperometrically at 300 mV vs silver pseudo-reference. The continuous regeneration of the oxidized form of the mediator ensured a stable redox state of the cell environment, allowing the cells to survive during the measurement time. The electrochemical response was related to cell metabolism (no response with dead cells or lysed cells) and depended on both mediator concentration and cell density. The protocol was applied to both cells in suspension and adhered cells. It was also adapted to detect trans-plasma membrane electron transfer (tPMET) by replacing DCIP by ferricyanide 500 µM and using linear scan voltammetry (2 mV/s). The pioneering results described here pave the way to the development of routine electrochemical assays for cell viability and for designing a cell-based analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Valentin Saunier
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires I2MC, Equipe 1, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Pilloux
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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6
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Nieves O, Ortiz de Zárate D, Aznar E, Caballos I, Garrido E, Martínez-Máñez R, Dortu F, Bernier D, Mengual-Chuliá B, López-Labrador FX, Sloth JJ, Loeschner K, Duedahl-Olesen L, Prado N, Hervello M, Menéndez A, Gransee R, Klotzbuecher T, Gonçalves MC, Zare F, Fuentes López A, Fernández Segovia I, Baviera JMB, Salcedo J, Recuero S, Simón S, Fernández Blanco A, Peransi S, Gómez-Gómez M, Griol A. Development of Photonic Multi-Sensing Systems Based on Molecular Gates Biorecognition and Plasmonic Sensors: The PHOTONGATE Project. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8548. [PMID: 37896641 PMCID: PMC10611383 DOI: 10.3390/s23208548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the concept of a novel adaptable sensing solution currently being developed under the EU Commission-founded PHOTONGATE project. This concept will allow for the quantification of multiple analytes of the same or different nature (chemicals, metals, bacteria, etc.) in a single test with levels of sensitivity and selectivity at/or over those offered by current solutions. PHOTONGATE relies on two core technologies: a biochemical technology (molecular gates), which will confer the specificity and, therefore, the capability to be adaptable to the analyte of interest, and which, combined with porous substrates, will increase the sensitivity, and a photonic technology based on localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) structures that serve as transducers for light interaction. Both technologies are in the micron range, facilitating the integration of multiple sensors within a small area (mm2). The concept will be developed for its application in health diagnosis and food safety sectors. It is thought of as an easy-to-use modular concept, which will consist of the sensing module, mainly of a microfluidics cartridge that will house the photonic sensor, and a platform for fluidic handling, optical interrogation, and signal processing. The platform will include a new optical concept, which is fully European Union Made, avoiding optical fibers and expensive optical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Nieves
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.N.); (D.O.d.Z.)
| | - David Ortiz de Zárate
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.N.); (D.O.d.Z.)
| | - Elena Aznar
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.); (I.C.); (E.G.); (R.M.-M.)
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Caballos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.); (I.C.); (E.G.); (R.M.-M.)
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Garrido
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.); (I.C.); (E.G.); (R.M.-M.)
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.); (I.C.); (E.G.); (R.M.-M.)
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE) Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabian Dortu
- Multitel, Parc Initialis 2, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (F.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Damien Bernier
- Multitel, Parc Initialis 2, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (F.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá
- Virology Laboratory, Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Generalitat Valenciana, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (F.X.L.-L.)
| | - F. Xavier López-Labrador
- Virology Laboratory, Genomics and Health Area, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Generalitat Valenciana, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (F.X.L.-L.)
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jens J. Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B201, DK-2800 KGS. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.S.); (K.L.); (L.D.-O.)
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B201, DK-2800 KGS. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.S.); (K.L.); (L.D.-O.)
| | - Lene Duedahl-Olesen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B201, DK-2800 KGS. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.S.); (K.L.); (L.D.-O.)
| | - Natalia Prado
- Asociación de Investigación de Industrias Cárnicas del Principado de Asturias (ASINCAR), Polígono La Barreda, Calle Solelleros 5, 33180 Noreña, Spain; (N.P.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Martín Hervello
- Asociación de Investigación de Industrias Cárnicas del Principado de Asturias (ASINCAR), Polígono La Barreda, Calle Solelleros 5, 33180 Noreña, Spain; (N.P.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Armando Menéndez
- Asociación de Investigación de Industrias Cárnicas del Principado de Asturias (ASINCAR), Polígono La Barreda, Calle Solelleros 5, 33180 Noreña, Spain; (N.P.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Rainer Gransee
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (R.G.); (T.K.)
| | | | - M. Clara Gonçalves
- Instituto Superior Técnico, CQE, Avenida Rovisco País 1, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.C.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fahimeh Zare
- Instituto Superior Técnico, CQE, Avenida Rovisco País 1, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.C.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ana Fuentes López
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.L.); (J.M.B.B.)
| | - Isabel Fernández Segovia
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.L.); (J.M.B.B.)
| | - Jose M. Barat Baviera
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (A.F.L.); (J.M.B.B.)
| | - Jaime Salcedo
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camí de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.); (S.R.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Sara Recuero
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camí de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.); (S.R.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Santiago Simón
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camí de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.); (S.R.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Ana Fernández Blanco
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camí de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.); (S.R.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Sergio Peransi
- Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camí de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.); (S.R.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Maribel Gómez-Gómez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.N.); (D.O.d.Z.)
| | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (O.N.); (D.O.d.Z.)
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7
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Herrera-Domínguez M, Lim K, Aguilar-Hernández I, García-García A, Minteer SD, Ornelas-Soto N, Garcia-Morales R. Detection of Acetaminophen in Groundwater by Laccase-Based Amperometric Biosensors Using MoS 2 Modified Carbon Paper Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4633. [PMID: 37430547 PMCID: PMC10222279 DOI: 10.3390/s23104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzyme-based biosensors for the detection and quantification of analytes of interest such as contaminants of emerging concern, including over-the-counter medication, provides an attractive alternative compared to more established techniques. However, their direct application to real environmental matrices is still under investigation due to the various drawbacks in their implementation. Here, we report the development of bioelectrodes using laccase enzymes immobilized onto carbon paper electrodes modified with nanostructured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The laccase enzymes were two isoforms (LacI and LacII) produced and purified from the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43 that is native to Mexico. A commercial purified enzyme from the fungus Trametes versicolor (TvL) was also evaluated to compare their performance. The developed bioelectrodes were used in the biosensing of acetaminophen, a drug widely used to relieve fever and pain, and of which there is recent concern about its effect on the environment after its final disposal. The use of MoS2 as a transducer modifier was evaluated, and it was found that the best detection was achieved using a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Moreover, it was found that the laccase with the best biosensing efficiency was LacII, which achieved an LOD of 0.2 µM and a sensitivity of 0.108 µA/µM cm2 in the buffer matrix. Moreover, the performance of the bioelectrodes in a composite groundwater sample from Northeast Mexico was analyzed, achieving an LOD of 0.5 µM and a sensitivity of 0.015 µA/µM cm2. The LOD values found are among the lowest reported for biosensors based on the use of oxidoreductase enzymes, while the sensitivity is the highest currently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Herrera-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Iris Aguilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra García-García
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Modificación de Nanoestructuras y Materiales Bidimensionales, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Unidad Monterrey, Parque PIIT, Apodaca 66628, NL, Mexico
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Raúl Garcia-Morales
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km. 107, Ensenada 22860, BC, Mexico
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8
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Vasina M, Kovar D, Damborsky J, Ding Y, Yang T, deMello A, Mazurenko S, Stavrakis S, Prokop Z. In-depth analysis of biocatalysts by microfluidics: An emerging source of data for machine learning. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108171. [PMID: 37150331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the vastly increasing demand for novel biotechnological products is supported by the continuous development of biocatalytic applications which provide sustainable green alternatives to chemical processes. The success of a biocatalytic application is critically dependent on how quickly we can identify and characterize enzyme variants fitting the conditions of industrial processes. While miniaturization and parallelization have dramatically increased the throughput of next-generation sequencing systems, the subsequent characterization of the obtained candidates is still a limiting process in identifying the desired biocatalysts. Only a few commercial microfluidic systems for enzyme analysis are currently available, and the transformation of numerous published prototypes into commercial platforms is still to be streamlined. This review presents the state-of-the-art, recent trends, and perspectives in applying microfluidic tools in the functional and structural analysis of biocatalysts. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of available technologies, their reproducibility and robustness, and readiness for routine laboratory use. We also highlight the unexplored potential of microfluidics to leverage the power of machine learning for biocatalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vasina
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Kovar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yun Ding
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tianjin Yang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Mazurenko
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
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9
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Choi HK, Yoon J. Enzymatic Electrochemical/Fluorescent Nanobiosensor for Detection of Small Chemicals. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040492. [PMID: 37185567 PMCID: PMC10136675 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The detection of small molecules has attracted enormous interest in various fields, including the chemical, biological, and healthcare fields. In order to achieve such detection with high accuracy, up to now, various types of biosensors have been developed. Among those biosensors, enzymatic biosensors have shown excellent sensing performances via their highly specific enzymatic reactions with small chemical molecules. As techniques used to implement the sensing function of such enzymatic biosensors, electrochemical and fluorescence techniques have been mostly used for the detection of small molecules because of their advantages. In addition, through the incorporation of nanotechnologies, the detection property of each technique-based enzymatic nanobiosensors can be improved to measure harmful or important small molecules accurately. This review provides interdisciplinary information related to developing enzymatic nanobiosensors for small molecule detection, such as widely used enzymes, target small molecules, and electrochemical/fluorescence techniques. We expect that this review will provide a broad perspective and well-organized roadmap to develop novel electrochemical and fluorescent enzymatic nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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10
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Khandelwal G, Deswal S, Dahiya R. Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Power Sources for Chemical Sensors and Biosensors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44573-44590. [PMID: 36530315 PMCID: PMC9753505 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances of portable sensors in flexible and wearable form factors are drawing increasing attention worldwide owing to their requirement applications ranging from health monitoring to environment monitoring. While portability is critical for these applications, real-time data gathering also requires a reliable power supply-which is largely met with batteries. Besides the need for regular charging, the use of toxic chemicals in batteries makes it difficult to rely on them, and as a result different types of energy harvesters have been explored in recent years. Among these, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide a promising platform for harnessing ambient energy and converting it into usable electric signals. The ease of fabrication and possibility to develop TENGs with a diverse range of easily available materials also make them attractive. This review focuses on the TENG technology and its efficient use as a power source for various types of chemical sensors and biosensors. The paper describes the underlying mechanism, various modes of working of TENGs, and representative examples of their utilization as power sources for sensing a multitude of analytes. The challenges associated with their adoption for commercial solutions are also discussed to stimulate further advances and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Khandelwal
- Bendable
Electronics and Sensing Technologies Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Swati Deswal
- Bendable
Electronics and Sensing Technologies Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics
and Sustainable Technologies Group, Electrical and Computer
Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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11
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Handrea-Dragan IM, Botiz I, Tatar AS, Boca S. Patterning at the micro/nano-scale: Polymeric scaffolds for medical diagnostic and cell-surface interaction applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Khandelwal G, Dahiya R. Self-Powered Active Sensing Based on Triboelectric Generators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200724. [PMID: 35445458 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The demand for portable and wearable chemical or biosensors and their expeditious development in recent years has created a scientific challenge in terms of their continuous powering. As a result, mechanical energy harvesters such as piezoelectric and triboelectric generators (TEGs) have been explored recently either as sensors or harvesters to store charge in small, but long-life, energy-storage devices to power the sensors. The use of energy harvesters as sensors is particularly interesting, as with such multifunctional operations it is possible to reduce the number devices needed in a system, which also helps overcome the integration complexities. In this regard, TEGs are promising, particularly for energy autonomous chemical and biological sensors, as they can be developed with a wide variety of materials, and their mechanical energy to electricity conversion can be modulated by various analytes. This review focuses on this interesting dimension of TEGs and presents various self-powered active chemical and biological sensors. A brief discussion about the development of TEG-based physical, magnetic, and optical sensors is also included. The influence of environmental factors, various figures of merit, and the significance of TEG design are explained in context with the active sensing. Finally, the key applications, challenges, and future perspective of chemical and biological detection via TEGs are discussed with a view to drive further advances in the field of self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Khandelwal
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt South Building, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt South Building, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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13
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Al Lawati HAJ, Hassanzadeh J, Bagheri N. A handheld 3D-printed microchip for simple integration of the H 2O 2-producing enzymatic reactions with subsequent chemiluminescence detection: Application for sugars. Food Chem 2022; 383:132469. [PMID: 35183966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel lab-on-a-chip (LoC) device fabricated by 3D printing based on H2O2-producing enzymatic reactions with sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed to measure different sugars, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose, in honey, juice, and rice flour samples. The pumpless microchip included two main parts, separated by new cone-shape blocking valves; part A for sample introduction and subsequent enzymatic reaction, besides the CL reagent (luminol) container, and part B for detection. The specific enzyme(s) were embedded into the pores of the zinc zeolite-imidazole framework (ZIF-8) to improve their storage stability. By opening the valves, H2O2 produced by enzymatic reaction and luminol could flow through the designed channels into the detection zone on part B, where a 2D cobalt-imidazole framework was embedded to improve the luminol-H2O2 CL emission. The obtained signal was proportional to the considered sugar concentration, with the detection limits range of 20-268 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider A J Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman.
| | - Javad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Nafiseh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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14
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15
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Liu B, Ran B, Chen C, Shi L, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhu Y. A low-cost and high-performance 3D micromixer over a wide working range and its application for high-sensitivity biomarker detection. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homogenous mixing in microfluidic devices is often required for efficient chemical and biological reactions.Passive micromixing without external energy input has attracted much research interest. We have developed a high-performance 3D...
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16
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Bordbar MM, Sheini A, Hashemi P, Hajian A, Bagheri H. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34562906 PMCID: PMC8464915 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast detection of trace amounts of hazardous contaminations can prevent serious damage to the environment. Paper-based sensors offer a new perspective on the world of analytical methods, overcoming previous limitations by fabricating a simple device with valuable benefits such as flexibility, biocompatibility, disposability, biodegradability, easy operation, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. Depending on the performance type, the device can be used to analyze the analyte in the liquid or vapor phase. For liquid samples, various structures (including a dipstick, as well as microfluidic and lateral flow) have been constructed. Paper-based 3D sensors are prepared by gluing and folding different layers of a piece of paper, being more user-friendly, due to the combination of several preparation methods, the integration of different sensor elements, and the connection between two methods of detection in a small set. Paper sensors can be used in chromatographic, electrochemical, and colorimetric processes, depending on the type of transducer. Additionally, in recent years, the applicability of these sensors has been investigated in various applications, such as food and water quality, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, and medical sciences. Here, we review the development (from 2010 to 2021) of paper methods in the field of the detection and determination of toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
| | - Azarmidokht Sheini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan 78986, Iran;
| | - Pegah Hashemi
- Research and Development Department, Farin Behbood Tashkhis Ltd., Tehran 16471, Iran;
| | - Ali Hajian
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
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17
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Li J, Li Z, Dou Y, Su J, Shi J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Song S, Fan C. A nano-integrated microfluidic biochip for enzyme-based point-of-care detection of creatinine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4726-4729. [PMID: 33977964 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A nano-integrated portable enzymatic microfluidic electrochemical biochip was developed for single-step point-of-care testing of creatinine. The biochip could automatically eliminate a lot of interferences from practical biological samples and enzymatic intermediate products. Gold nanostructure- and carbon nanotube-based screen-printed carbon electrodes were integrated into microfluidic structures to improve the detection performance for creatinine. The microfluidic electrochemical biochip holds promise to become a practical device for medical diagnosis, especially POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Li
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Dou
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | | | - Yi Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China and The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Song
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China and The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
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18
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Li X, He Z, Li C, Li P. One-step enzyme kinetics measurement in 3D printed microfluidics devices based on a high-performance single vibrating sharp-tip mixer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338677. [PMID: 34119024 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Measuring enzyme kinetics is of great importance to understand many biological processes and improve biosensing and industrial applications. Conventional methods of measuring enzyme kinetics require to prepare a series of solutions with different substrate concentrations and measure the signal response over time with these solutions, leading to tedious sample preparation steps, high reagents/sample consumption, and difficulties in studying fast enzyme kinetics. Here we report a one-step assay to measure enzyme kinetics using a 3D-printed microfluidic device, which eliminates the steps of preparing and handling multiple solutions thereby simplifying the whole workflow significantly. The assay is enabled by a highly efficient vibrating sharp-tip mixing method that can mix multiple streams of fluids with minimal mixing length (∼300 μm) and time (as low as 3 ms), and a wide range of working flow rates from 1.5 μL/min to 750 μL/min. Owing to the high performance of the mixer, a series of experiments with different substrate concentrations are performed by simply adjusting the flow rates of reagents loaded from three inlets in one experiment run. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and amplex red is measured in this system. The calculated Michaelis constant is consistent with the values from literature and conventional analysis methods. Due to the simplicity in fabrication and operation, rapid analysis, low power consumption (1.4-45.0 mW), and high temporal resolution, this method will significantly facilitate enzyme kinetics measurement, and offers great potential for optimizing enzyme based biosensing experiments and probing many biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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19
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Kuo PC, Lin ZX, Wu TY, Hsu CH, Lin HP, Wu TS. Effects of morphology and pore size of mesoporous silicas on the efficiency of an immobilized enzyme. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10010-10017. [PMID: 35423525 PMCID: PMC8695390 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation is performed into the efficiency of the Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037 enzyme immobilized in three different mesoporous silicas, namely mesoporous silica film, mesocellular foam, and rod-like SBA-15. It is shown that for all three supports, the pH value changes the surface charge and charge density and hence determines the maximum loading capacity of the enzyme. The products of the enzyme hydrolytic reaction are analyzed by 1H-NMR. The results show that among the three silica supports, the mesoporous silica film (with a channel length in the range of 60–100 nm) maximizes the accessibility of the immobilized enzyme. The loading capacity of the enzyme is up to 95% at pH 7 and the activity of the immobilized enzyme is maintained for more than 15 days when using a silica film support. The order of the activity of the enzyme immobilized in different mesoporous silica supports is: mesoporous silica film > mesocellular foam > rod-like SBA-15. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme can be easily separated from the reaction solution via simple filtration or centrifugation methods and re-used for hydrolytic reaction as required. Mesoporous silica films were used as supports with high loading capacity and enzyme activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan +886-6-2740552 +886-6-2747538
| | - Zhi-Xun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan +886-6-2757575 ext. 65342
| | - Tzi-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin 644 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Hsu
- General Education Center, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing Tainan 700 Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ping Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan +886-6-2757575 ext. 65342
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan +886-6-2740552 +886-6-2747538.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University Pingtung 907 Taiwan
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20
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Surface Display Technology for Biosensor Applications: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102775. [PMID: 32414189 PMCID: PMC7294428 DOI: 10.3390/s20102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface display is a recombinant technology that expresses target proteins on cell membranes and can be applied to almost all types of biological entities from viruses to mammalian cells. This technique has been used for various biotechnical and biomedical applications such as drug screening, biocatalysts, library screening, quantitative assays, and biosensors. In this review, the use of surface display technology in biosensor applications is discussed. In detail, phage display, bacterial surface display of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and eukaryotic yeast cell surface display systems are presented. The review describes the advantages of surface display systems for biosensor applications and summarizes the applications of surface displays to biosensors.
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21
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Optical assay of trypsin using a one-dimensional plasmonic grating of gelatin-modified poly(methacrylic acid). Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:280. [PMID: 32314022 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The geometry of resonant absorbers (RA) is varied by tryptic digestion to design a probe platform. The process includes fabrication of a line array of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush as an RA, tailed by the immobilization of gelatin. The gelatin-modified PMAA RA is a kind of one-dimensional plasmonic grating, possessing an optical feature with a characteristic absorption peak. The growth of gelatin on PMAA RA resulted in a blue shift of the absorption peak from 465 to 263 nm. Trypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, breaking down gelatin into smaller peptides causing the change in geometry of RA. The gelatin of RA was digested in a wide linear range of activity of trypsin from 34 to 1088 U mL-1 resulting in a red shift of the absorption peak of RA from 263 to 474 nm within 10 min. The limit of detection achieved is 11 U mL-1 with ca. 1.9% standard deviation and 101.4% recovery of spiked serum samples. The chemical selectivity of the trypsin assay is evidenced by motoring the changes in a shift of the absorption peak of gelatin-modified PMAA RA using chymotrypsin and horseradish peroxidase. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of synthesis route of 1D gelatin grating on silicon surface for trypsin probing.
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Triroj N, Saensak R, Porntheeraphat S, Paosawatyanyong B, Amornkitbamrung V. Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Film Electrodes for Microfluidic Bioelectrochemical Sensing Platforms. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3650-3657. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Napat Triroj
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rattanakorn Saensak
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supanit Porntheeraphat
- Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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23
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Fabrication of the Ni/ZnO/BiOI foam for the improved electrochemical biosensing performance to glucose. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1095:93-98. [PMID: 31864634 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Ni foam decorated with ZnO/BiOI core-shell p-n junction nanorods was prepared and employed as an enzyme loading matrix to detect glucose. The detection potential was decreased significantly (0.3 V) and the sensitivity was enhanced largely (115.2 μA mM-1 cm-2). The metal-semiconductor foam can afford the porous surface for loading enzymes and achieving the multiple catalysis. More important, the built-in electric field and electron well in the p-n junction interface provide the driving force for electron transport. It was an effective strategy to enhance the biosensing performance by the rational design of p-n junction.
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25
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Che Y, Zschoche S, Obst F, Appelhans D, Voit B. Double‐crosslinked reversible redox‐responsive hydrogels based on disulfide–thiol interchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Che
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Science 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Zschoche
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Franziska Obst
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Science 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Science 01062 Dresden Germany
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Xu B, Guo J, Fu Y, Chen X, Guo J. A review on microfluidics in the detection of food pesticide residues. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:821-832. [PMID: 31525822 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper briefly explains the food safety problems related to pesticide residues and introduces microfluidics technology as a pesticide residue detection method. Three mainstream microfluidic detection devices are detailed: one driven by liquid surface tension, one by motor siphon drive, and one by centrifugal force. The advantages and disadvantages of each are considered in an analysis of future trends in microfluidic technology for pesticide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbang Xu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
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27
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Recent advances in the fabrication and application of nanomaterial-based enzymatic microsystems in chemical and biological sciences. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1067:31-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3D-printed CuO nanoparticle–functionalized flow reactor enables online fluorometric monitoring of glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Weng X, Kang Y, Guo Q, Peng B, Jiang H. Recent advances in thread-based microfluidics for diagnostic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:171-185. [PMID: 30875629 PMCID: PMC7127036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have been seeking attractive substrate materials to keep microfluidics improving to outbalance the drawbacks and issues. Cellulose substrates, including thread, paper and hydrogels are alternatives due to their distinct structural and mechanical properties for a number of applications. Thread have gained considerable attention and become promising powerful tool due to its advantages over paper-based systems thus finds numerous applications in the development of diagnostic systems, smart bandages and tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review articles on the topic of thread-based microfluidics have been published and it is of significance for many scientific communities working on Microfluidics, Biosensors and Lab-on-Chip. This review gives an overview of the advances of thread-based microfluidic diagnostic devices in a variety of applications. It begins with an overall introduction of the fabrication followed by an in-depth review on the detection techniques in such devices and various applications with respect to effort and performance to date. A few perspective directions of thread-based microfluidics in its development are also discussed. Thread-based microfluidics are still at an early development stage and further improvements in terms of fabrication, analytical strategies, and function to become low-cost, low-volume and easy-to-use point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices that can be adapted or commercialized for real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Weng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
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Mohammad M, Razmjou A, Liang K, Asadnia M, Chen V. Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Enzymatic Microfluidic Biosensor via Surface Patterning and Biomineralization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1807-1820. [PMID: 30525376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the biomineralization of enzyme in metal-organic-framework (enzyme-MOF) composite have shown a great potential to increase enzymes stability without compromising their activity; hence, it is desirable for its applications in biosensing devices. Nonetheless, most of the enzyme-MOF research has been focusing on enzyme encapsulation in particle form, which limits its synthesis flexibility for practical applications because of its requirement for postsynthesis immobilization onto solid support. Therefore, to develop a diagnostic device out of the biomineralized enzyme, surface patterning and integration of microfluidic system offers many advantages. In this work, mussel-inspired polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) coating is employed to pattern enzyme-MOF in microfluidic channels and exploit the wettability gradient for "pumpless transportation" effect. As a proof of concept, we combine a cascade reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes to detect glucose into a patterned zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) thin film on a flexible polymeric substrate. The results show that the ZIF-8/GOx&HRP in situ composites on PDA/PEI patterns have good acid and thermal stability compared with samples without ZIF-8. ZIF-8/GOx&HRP in situ shows high selectivity toward glucose, linear sensitivity of 0.00303 Abs/μM, and the limit of detection of 8 μM glucose concentration. An unexpected benefit of this approach is the ability of the ZIF-8 thin-film structure to provide a diffusion limiting effect for substrate influx, thus, producing high range of linear response range (8 μM to 5 mM of glucose). This work provides insights into the spatial location of the enzymes in MOF thin films and the potential of such patterning techniques for MOF-based biosensors using other types of biological elements such as antibodies and aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies , University of Isfahan , Isfahan 73441-81746 , Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney 2109 , Australia
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , St. Lucia 4072 , Australia
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31
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Brás EJS, Fortes AM, Chu V, Fernandes P, Conde JP. Microfluidic device for the point of need detection of a pathogen infection biomarker in grapes. Analyst 2019; 144:4871-4879. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rise of pathogenic infections amongst crops, there is an increased need for point-of-need monitoring of plant health. In this work we present a portable system capable of detecting signs of infection in grapes using a microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. S. Brás
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
| | | | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores – Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Lisbon
- Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering
- Instituto Superior Técnico
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32
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Zhu J, Wen M, Wen W, Du D, Zhang X, Wang S, Lin Y. Recent progress in biosensors based on organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 120:175-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Brownlee BJ, Bahari M, Harb JN, Claussen JC, Iverson BD. Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Enhanced by Methyl Viologen and Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Channels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28351-28360. [PMID: 30067019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were patterned into 16 μm diameter microchannel arrays for flow-through electrochemical glucose sensing. Non-enzymatic sensing of glucose was achieved by the chemical reaction of glucose with methyl viologen (MV) at an elevated temperature and pH (0.1 M NaOH), followed by the electrochemical reaction of reduced-MV with the VACNT surface. The MV sensor required no functionalization (including no metal) and was able to produce on average 3.4 electrons per glucose molecule. The current density of the MV sensor was linear with both flow rate and glucose concentration. Challenges with interference chemicals were mitigated by operating at a low potential of -0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl. As a comparison, enzymatic VACNT sensors with platinum nano-urchins were functionalized with glucose oxidase by covalent binding (1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/ N-hydroxysuccinimide) or by polymer entrapment [poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)] and operated in phosphate buffered saline. With normalization by the overall cross-sectional area of the flow (0.713 cm2), the sensitivity of the MV, enzyme-in-solution, and covalent sensors were 45.93, 18.77, and 1.815 mA cm-2 mM-1, respectively. Corresponding limits of detection were 100, 194, and 311 nM glucose. The linear sensing ranges for the sensors were 250 nM to 200 μM glucose for the MV sensor, 500 nM to 200 μM glucose for the enzyme-in-solution sensor, and 1 μM to 6 mM glucose for the covalent sensor. The flow cell and sensor cross-sectional area were scaled down (0.020 cm2) to enable detection from 200 μL of glucose with MV by flow injection analysis. The sensitivity of the small MV sensor was 5.002 mA cm-2 mM-1, with a limit of detection of 360 nM glucose and a linear range up to at least 150 μM glucose. The small MV sensor has the potential to measure glucose levels found in 200 μL of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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34
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Modena MM, Chawla K, Misun PM, Hierlemann A. Smart Cell Culture Systems: Integration of Sensors and Actuators into Microphysiological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1767-1784. [PMID: 29381325 PMCID: PMC5959007 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in microfabrication techniques in combination with organotypic cell and tissue models have enabled the realization of microphysiological systems capable of recapitulating aspects of human physiology in vitro with great fidelity. Concurrently, a number of analysis techniques has been developed to probe and characterize these model systems. However, many assays are still performed off-line, which severely compromises the possibility of obtaining real-time information from the samples under examination, and which also limits the use of these platforms in high-throughput analysis. In this review, we focus on sensing and actuation schemes that have already been established or offer great potential to provide in situ detection or manipulation of relevant cell or tissue samples in microphysiological platforms. We will first describe methods that can be integrated in a straightforward way and that offer potential multiplexing and/or parallelization of sensing and actuation functions. These methods include electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensors, and the use of surface acoustic waves for manipulation and analysis of cells, tissue, and multicellular organisms. In the second part, we will describe two sensor approaches based on surface-plasmon resonance and mechanical resonators that have recently provided new characterization features for biological samples, although technological limitations for use in high-throughput applications still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Modena
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ketki Chawla
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Microfluidic technologies for anticancer drug studies. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1654-1670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Rabe KS, Müller J, Skoupi M, Niemeyer CM. Cascades in Compartments: En Route to Machine-Assisted Biotechnology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13574-13589. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kersten S. Rabe
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Joachim Müller
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Marc Skoupi
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologsiche Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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37
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Rabe KS, Müller J, Skoupi M, Niemeyer CM. Kaskaden in Kompartimenten: auf dem Weg zu maschinengestützter Biotechnologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kersten S. Rabe
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
| | - Marc Skoupi
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Chair of Chemical Biology; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, IBG-I; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Campus Nord Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Deutschland
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38
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Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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39
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Carvalho RR, Pujari SP, Gahtory D, Vrouwe EX, Albada B, Zuilhof H. Mild Photochemical Biofunctionalization of Glass Microchannels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8624-8631. [PMID: 28072547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to locally modify the inside of microfluidic channels with bioactive molecules is of ever-rising relevance. In this article, we show the direct photochemical coupling of a N-hydroxysuccinimide-terminated ω-alkene onto hydrogen-terminated silicon oxide, and its subsequent functionalization with a catalytically active DNAzyme. To achieve this local attachment of a DNAzyme, we prepared hydrogen-phenyl-terminated glass (H-Φ-glass) by the reaction of glass with H-SiPhCl2. The presence of a radical-stabilizing substituent on the Si atom (i.e., phenyl) enabled the covalent modification of bare glass substrates and of the inside of glass microchannels with a functional organic monolayer that allowed direct reaction with an amine-functionalized biomolecule. In this study, we directly attached an NHS-functionalized alkene to the modified glass surface using light with a wavelength of 328 nm, as evidenced by SCA, G-ATR, XPS, SEM, AFM and fluorescence microscopy. Using these NHS-based active esters on the surface, we performed a direct localized attachment of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking hemin/G-quadruplex (hGQ) DNAzyme complex inside a microfluidic channel. This wall-coated hGQ DNAzyme effectively catalyzed the in-flow oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) [ABTS] in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. This proof-of-concept of mild biofunctionalization will allow the facile preparation of modified microchannels for myriad biorelevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Rijo Carvalho
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Micronit Microtechnologies B.V., Colosseum 15, 7521 PV, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Digvijay Gahtory
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin X Vrouwe
- Micronit Microtechnologies B.V., Colosseum 15, 7521 PV, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Davis AN, Travis AR, Miller DR, Cliffel DE. Multianalyte Physiological Microanalytical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:93-111. [PMID: 28605606 PMCID: PMC9235322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in scientific instrumentation have allowed experimentalists to evaluate well-known systems in new ways and to gain insight into previously unexplored or poorly understood phenomena. Within the growing field of multianalyte physiometry (MAP), microphysiometers are being developed that are capable of electrochemically measuring changes in the concentration of various metabolites in real time. By simultaneously quantifying multiple analytes, these devices have begun to unravel the complex pathways that govern biological responses to ischemia and oxidative stress while contributing to basic scientific discoveries in bioenergetics and neurology. Patients and clinicians have also benefited from the highly translational nature of MAP, and the continued expansion of the repertoire of analytes that can be measured with multianalyte microphysiometers will undoubtedly play a role in the automation and personalization of medicine. This is perhaps most evident with the recent advent of fully integrated noninvasive sensor arrays that can continuously monitor changes in analytes linked to specific disease states and deliver a therapeutic agent as required without the need for patient action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nix Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Adam R Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - Dusty R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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41
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Kuo CT, Peng HS, Rong Y, Yu J, Sun W, Fujimoto B, Chiu DT. Optically Encoded Semiconducting Polymer Dots with Single-Wavelength Excitation for Barcoding and Tracking of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6232-6238. [PMID: 28499337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed optical encoding is emerging as a powerful technique for high-throughput cellular analysis and molecular assays. Most of the developed optical barcodes, however, either suffer from large particle size or are incompatible with most commercial optical instruments. Here, a new type of nanoscale fluorescent barcode (Pdot barcodes) was prepared from semiconducting polymers. The Pdot barcodes possess the merits of small size (∼20 nm in diameter), narrow emission bands (full-width-at-half-maximum (fwhm) of 30-40 nm), three-color emissions (blue, green, and red) under single-wavelength excitation, a high brightness, good pH and thermal stability, and efficient cellular uptake. The Pdot barcodes were prepared using a three-color and six-intensity encoding strategy; for ratiometric readout of the barcodes, one of the colors might be used as an internal reference. We used the Pdot barcodes to label 20 sets of cancer cells and then distinguished and identified each set based on the Pdot barcodes using flow cytometry. We also monitored and tracked single cells labeled with different Pdot barcodes, even through rounds of cell division. These results suggest Pdot barcodes are strong candidates for discriminating different labeled cell and for long-term cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hong-Shang Peng
- College of Science, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bryant Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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42
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Akay S, Heils R, Trieu HK, Smirnova I, Yesil-Celiktas O. An injectable alginate-based hydrogel for microfluidic applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 161:228-234. [PMID: 28189233 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an injectable alginate based formulation for immobilizing enzymes into microfluidic systems. The gelation was induced upon lowering the pH by addition of d-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and release of Ca+ ions from solid CaCO3. The effects of GDL concentration on enzymatic activity and gelation time were investigated. The results indicated that increasing the GDL concentration increased both surface area and enzymatic activity. Also, chitosan was added to the formulation at different ratios to enhance the stability of enzyme during immobilization. For microfluidic application, 100μl spiral coil single channel microchip was fabricated and alginate GDL mixture containing β-glucosidase was injected to the microchannel prior to gelation. Enzymatic conversion was performed by pumping substrate (pNPG) through the microchannel. The results indicated that the entire substrate was converted continuously during 24h without any leakage or deactivation of immobilized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Akay
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genetic & Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gumushane University, 29100 Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Rene Heils
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorferstr. 38, D 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hoc Khiem Trieu
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Microsystems Technology, Eißendorferstr. 42, M 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorferstr. 38, D 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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43
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Su CK, Tseng PJ, Chiu HT, Del Vall A, Huang YF, Sun YC. Sequential enzymatic derivatization coupled with online microdialysis sampling for simultaneous profiling of mouse tumor extracellular hydrogen peroxide, lactate, and glucose. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 956:24-31. [PMID: 28093122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Probing tumor extracellular metabolites is a vitally important issue in current cancer biology. In this study an analytical system was constructed for the in vivo monitoring of mouse tumor extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lactate, and glucose by means of microdialysis (MD) sampling and fluorescence determination in conjunction with a smart sequential enzymatic derivatization scheme-involving a loading sequence of fluorogenic reagent/horseradish peroxidase, microdialysate, lactate oxidase, pyruvate, and glucose oxidase-for step-by-step determination of sampled H2O2, lactate, and glucose in mouse tumor microdialysate. After optimization of the overall experimental parameters, the system's detection limit reached as low as 0.002 mM for H2O2, 0.058 mM for lactate, and 0.055 mM for glucose, based on 3 μL of microdialysate, suggesting great potential for determining tumor extracellular concentrations of lactate and glucose. Spike analyses of offline-collected mouse tumor microdialysate and monitoring of the basal concentrations of mouse tumor extracellular H2O2, lactate, and glucose, as well as those after imparting metabolic disturbance through intra-tumor administration of a glucose solution through a prior-implanted cannula, were conducted to demonstrate the system's applicability. Our results evidently indicate that hyphenation of an MD sampling device with an optimized sequential enzymatic derivatization scheme and a fluorescence spectrometer can be used successfully for multi-analyte monitoring of tumor extracellular metabolites in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Jen Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ting Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Del Vall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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44
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Tello A, Cao R, Marchant MJ, Gomez H. Conformational Changes of Enzymes and Aptamers Immobilized on Electrodes. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2581-2591. [PMID: 27748603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conformation constitutes a vital property of biomolecules, especially in the cases of enzymes and aptamers, and is essential in defining their molecular recognition ability. When biomolecules are immobilized on electrode surfaces, it is very important to have a control on all the possible conformational changes that may occur, either upon the recognition of their targets or by undesired alterations. Both enzymes and aptamers immobilized on electrodes are susceptible to conformational changes as a response to the nature of the charge of the surface and of the surrounding environment (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The main goal of this review is to analyze how the conformational changes of enzymes and aptamers immobilized on electrode surfaces have been treated in reports on biosensors and biofuel cells. This topic was selected due to insufficient information found on the actual conformational changes involved in the function of these bioelectrochemical devices despite its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tello
- Universidad Andres Bello , Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Cao
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Marchant
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Humberto Gomez
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
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45
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Su CK, Yen SC, Li TW, Sun YC. Enzyme-Immobilized 3D-Printed Reactors for Online Monitoring of Rat Brain Extracellular Glucose and Lactate. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6265-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Chih Yen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chang Sun
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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46
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Zheng W, van den Hurk R, Cao Y, Du R, Sun X, Wang Y, McDermott MT, Evoy S. Aryl Diazonium Chemistry for the Surface Functionalization of Glassy Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2016; 6:E8. [PMID: 26985910 PMCID: PMC4810400 DOI: 10.3390/bios6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanostring resonator and fiber-optics-based biosensors are of interest as they offer high sensitivity, real-time measurements and the ability to integrate with electronics. However, these devices are somewhat impaired by issues related to surface modification. Both nanostring resonators and photonic sensors employ glassy materials, which are incompatible with electrochemistry. A surface chemistry approach providing strong and stable adhesion to glassy surfaces is thus required. In this work, a diazonium salt induced aryl film grafting process is employed to modify a novel SiCN glassy material. Sandwich rabbit IgG binding assays are performed on the diazonium treated SiCN surfaces. Fluorescently labelled anti-rabbit IgG and anti-rabbit IgG conjugated gold nanoparticles were used as markers to demonstrate the absorption of anti-rabbit IgG and therefore verify the successful grafting of the aryl film. The results of the experiments support the effectiveness of diazonium chemistry for the surface functionalization of SiCN surfaces. This method is applicable to other types of glassy materials and potentially can be expanded to various nanomechanical and optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Remko van den Hurk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Rongbing Du
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Mark T McDermott
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Stephane Evoy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
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47
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Kühn PT, de Miranda BS, van Rijn P. Directed Autonomic Flow: Functional Motility Fluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7401-7406. [PMID: 26467031 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Unidirectional coherent motion of a self-moving droplet is achieved and combined in a functional motility fluidic chip for chemical reactions via a novel and straightforward approach. The droplet shows both increased movement speeds and displacement distances without any input of energy. Nanoparticle synthesis is performed using the autonomous movement in a fluidic chip that induces transport, mixing, and collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp T Kühn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Santos de Miranda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Küchler A, Bleich JN, Sebastian B, Dittrich PS, Walde P. Stable and Simple Immobilization of Proteinase K Inside Glass Tubes and Microfluidic Channels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25970-80. [PMID: 26536248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Engyodontium album proteinase K (proK) is widely used for degrading proteinaceous impurities during the isolation of nucleic acids from biological samples, or in proteomics and prion research. Toward applications of proK in flow reactors, a simple method for the stable immobilization of proK inside glass micropipette tubes was developed. The immobilization of the enzyme was achieved by adsorption of a dendronized polymer-enzyme conjugate from aqueous solution. This conjugate was first synthesized from a polycationic dendronized polymer (denpol) and proK and consisted, on average, of 2000 denpol repeating units and 140 proK molecules, which were attached along the denpol chain via stable bis-aryl hydrazone bonds. Although the immobilization of proK inside the tube was based on nonspecific, noncovalent interactions only, the immobilized proK did not leak from the tube and remained active during prolonged storage at 4 °C and during continuous operation at 25 °C and pH = 7.0. The procedure developed was successfully applied for the immobilization of proK on a glass/PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microchip, which is a requirement for applications in the field of proK-based protein analysis with such type of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Küchler
- Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Materials (D-MATL), ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian N Bleich
- Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Materials (D-MATL), ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Sebastian
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Bioanalytics Group, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Materials (D-MATL), ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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49
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Nemati M, Santos A, Kumeria T, Losic D. Label-Free real-time quantification of enzyme levels by interferometric spectroscopy combined with gelatin-modified nanoporous anodic alumina photonic films. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9016-24. [PMID: 26259031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an interferometric sensor based on the combination of chemically functionalized nanoporous anodic alumina photonic films (NAA-PFs) and reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) aimed to detect trace levels of enzymes by selective digestion of gelatin. The fabrication and sensing performance of the proposed sensor were characterized in real-time by estimating the changes in effective optical thickness (i.e., sensing principle) of gelatin-modified NAA-PFs (i.e., sensing element) during enzymatic digestion. The working range (WR), sensitivity (S), low limit of detection (LLoD), and linearity (R(2)) of this enzymatic sensor were established by a series of experiments with different concentrations of gelatin (i.e., specific chemical sensing element) and trypsin (i.e., analyte), a model protease enzyme with relevant implications as a biomarker in the diagnosis of several diseases. The chemical selectivity of the sensor was demonstrated by comparison of gelatin digestion by other nonspecific enzyme models such as chymotrypsin and horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, the role of the chemical sensing element (i.e., gelatin) was assessed by using hemoglobin instead of gelatin. Finally, we demonstrated that this sensor can be readily used to establish the kinetic parameters of enzymatic reactions. The obtained results revealed that the presented sensor has a promising potential to be used as a point-of-care system for fast detection of gastrointestinal diseases at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Nemati
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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