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Chen S, Zhang S, Zhu R. Biophysical phenotyping of single-cell based on impedance and application for individualized precision medicine. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116410. [PMID: 38781697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell biophysical characterization based on impedance measurement is an advantageous approach due to its label-free, high-efficiency, cost-effective and real-time capability. Biophysical phenotyping can yield timely and rich information on physiological and pathological state of cells for disease diagnosis, drug screening, precision medicine, etc. However, precise measurement on single-cell impedance is challenging, particularly hard to figure out the detailed biophysical parameters of single cell due to coupling and complexity of impedance model. Here, we propose an analytic determination method to decode single-cell electrophysiological parameters (including cell-substrate interface capacitance, cell membrane capacitance, cell membrane conductivity, and cytoplasm conductivity) from the impedances measured at optimized frequencies by using analytic solution rather than spectrum fitting. With this simple and fast analytic solution method, the physiological parameters of single cell in natural adhesion state can be accurately determined in real time. We validate this cell parameter determination method in monitoring the change of cell adhesion under hydraulic effects and exploring electrophysiological differences among MCF-7, HeLa, Huh7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Particularly, we apply the approach to optimize tumor treating fields (TTFields) therapy, realizing individualized precision medicine. Our work provides an accurate and efficient approach for characterizing single-cell biophysical properties with real-time, in-situ, label-free, and less invasive advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shengsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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2
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Böttner J, Werner S, Feistner L, Fischer-Schaepmann T, Neussl K, Borger MA, Thiele H, Büttner P, Schlotter F. High resolution monitoring of valvular interstitial cell driven pathomechanisms in procalcific environment using label-free impedance spectroscopy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1155371. [PMID: 37408660 PMCID: PMC10319251 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1155371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibro-calcific aortic valve disease has high prevalence and is associated with significant mortality. Fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and calcific mineral deposition change the valvular microarchitecture and deteriorate valvular function. Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) in profibrotic or procalcifying environment are frequently used in vitro models. However, remodeling processes take several days to weeks to develop, even in vitro. Continuous monitoring by real-time impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may reveal new insights into this process. Methods VIC-driven ECM remodeling stimulated by procalcifying (PM) or profibrotic medium (FM) was monitored by label-free EIS. Collagen secretion, matrix mineralization, viability, mitochondrial damage, myofibroblastic gene expression and cytoskeletal alterations were analyzed. Results and Discussion EIS profiles of VICs in control medium (CM) and FM were comparable. PM reproducibly induced a specific, biphasic EIS profile. Phase 1 showed an initial impedance drop, which moderately correlated with decreasing collagen secretion (r = 0.67, p = 0.22), accompanied by mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and cell death. Phase 2 EIS signal increase was positively correlated with augmented ECM mineralization (r = 0.97, p = 0.008). VICs in PM decreased myofibroblastic gene expression (p < 0.001) and stress fiber assembly compared to CM. EIS revealed sex-specific differences. Male VICs showed higher proliferation and in PM EIS decrease in phase 1 was significantly pronounced compared to female VICs (male minimum: 7.4 ± 4.2%, female minimum: 26.5 ± 4.4%, p < 0.01). VICs in PM reproduced disease characteristics in vitro remarkably fast with significant impact of donor sex. PM suppressed myofibroblastogenesis and favored ECM mineralization. In summary, EIS represents an efficient, easy-to-use, high-content screening tool enabling patient-specific, subgroup- and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Feistner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Katherina Neussl
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael A. Borger
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Nasrollahpour H, Khalilzadeh B, Naseri A, Yousefi H, Erk N, Rahbarghazi R. Electrochemical biosensors for stem cell analysis; applications in diagnostics, differentiation and follow-up. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Multielectrode biosensor chip for spatial resolution screening of 3D cell models based on microcavity arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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In situ graphene-modified carbon microelectrode array biosensor for biofilm impedance analysis. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Schmidt S, Haensch T, Frank R, Jahnke HG, Robitzki AA. Reactive Sputtered Silicon Nitride as an Alternative Passivation Layer for Microelectrode Arrays in Sensitive Bioimpedimetric Cell Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59185-59195. [PMID: 34851082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used to study the behavior of cells noninvasively and in real time. While the design of MEAs focuses mainly on the electrode material or its application-dependent modification, the passivation layer, which is crucial to define the electrode area and to insulate the conducting paths, remains largely unnoticed. Because often most cells are in direct contact with the passivation layer rather than the electrode material, biocompatible photoresists such as SU-8 are almost exclusively used. However, SU-8 is not without limitations in terms of optical transmission, optimal cell support, or compatibility within polymer-based microfluidic lab on chip systems. Here, we established a silicon nitride (SiN) passivation by physical vapor deposition (PVD), which was optimized and evaluated for impedance spectroscopy-based monitoring of cells. Surface characteristics, biocompatibility, and electrical insulation capability were investigated and compared to SU8 in detail. To investigate the influence of the SiN passivation on the impedimetric analysis of cells, HEK-293 A and MCF-7 were chosen as adherent cell models and measured on microelectrodes of 50-200 μm in diameter. The results clearly revealed an overall suitability of SiN as alternative passivation. While for the smallest electrode size a cell line dependent comparable or slightly decreased cell signal could be observed in comparison with SU-8, a significant higher cell signal was observed for microelectrodes larger than 50 μm in diameter. Furthermore, a high suitability for the bonding of PEGDA and PDMS microfluidic structures on the SiN passivation layer without any leakage could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schmidt
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Haensch
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Frank
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Ramli MM, Rosman AS, Mazlan NS, Ahmad MF, Halin DSC, Mohamed R, Osman NH, Reshak AH. Cell viability and electrical response of breast cancer cell treated in aqueous graphene oxide solution deposition on interdigitated electrode. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20702. [PMID: 34667216 PMCID: PMC8526675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most reported cancers that can lead to death. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment procedures, the possibility of cancer recurrences is still high in many cases. With that in consideration, researchers from all over the world are showing interest in the unique features of Graphene oxide (GO), such as its excellent and versatile physicochemical properties, to explore further its potential and benefits towards breast cancer cell treatment. In this study, the cell viability and electrical response of GO, in terms of resistivity and impedance towards the breast cancer cells (MCF7) and normal breast cells (MCF10a), were investigated by varying the pH and concentration of GO. Firstly, the numbers of MCF7 and MCF10a were measured after being treated with GO for 24 and 48 h. Next, the electrical responses of these cells were evaluated by using interdigitated gold electrodes (IDEs) that are connected to an LCR meter. Based on the results obtained, as the pH of GO increased from pH 5 to pH 7, the number of viable MCF7 cells decreased while the number of viable MCF10a slightly increased after the incubation period of 48 h. Similarly, the MCF7 also experienced higher cytotoxicity effects when treated with GO concentrations of more than 25 µg/mL. The findings from the electrical characterization of the cells observed that the number of viable cells has corresponded to the impedance of the cells. The electrical impedance of MCF7 decreased as the number of highly insulating viable cell membranes decreased. But in contrast, the electrical impedance of MCF10a increased as the number of highly insulating viable cell membranes increased. Hence, it can be deduced that the GO with higher pH and concentration influence the MCF7 cancer cell line and MCF10a normal breast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Ramli
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - A S Rosman
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N S Mazlan
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M F Ahmad
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - D S C Halin
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - R Mohamed
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Osman
- Applied Electromagnetic Laboratory 1, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ali H Reshak
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Putra Campus, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Basrah, 61004, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical Universiti in Prague, Technicka 4, Prague 6, 166 07, Czech Republic
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8
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Kharbikar BN, Zhong JX, Cuylear DL, Perez CA, Desai TA. Theranostic biomaterials for tissue engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 19. [PMID: 35529078 PMCID: PMC9075690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies, notably biomaterials, can be modularly designed and tuned to match specific patient needs. Although many challenges within tissue engineering remain, the incorporation of diagnostic strategies to create theranostic (combined therapy and diagnostic) biomaterials presents a unique platform to provide dual monitoring and treatment capabilities and advance the field toward personalized technologies. In this review, we summarize recent developments in this young field of regenerative theranostics and discuss the clinical potential and outlook of these systems from a tissue engineering perspective. As the need for precision and personalized medicines continues to increase to address diseases in all tissues in a patient-specific manner, we envision that such theranostic platforms can serve these needs.
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Milos F, Tullii G, Gobbo F, Lodola F, Galeotti F, Verpelli C, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Antognazza MR. High Aspect Ratio and Light-Sensitive Micropillars Based on a Semiconducting Polymer Optically Regulate Neuronal Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23438-23451. [PMID: 33983012 PMCID: PMC8161421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many nano- and microstructured devices capable of promoting neuronal growth and network formation have been previously investigated. In certain cases, topographical cues have been successfully complemented with external bias, by employing electrically conducting scaffolds. However, the use of optical stimulation with topographical cues was rarely addressed in this context, and the development of light-addressable platforms for modulating and guiding cellular growth and proliferation remains almost completely unexplored. Here, we develop high aspect ratio micropillars based on a prototype semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), as an optically active, three-dimensional platform for embryonic cortical neurons. P3HT micropillars provide a mechanically compliant environment and allow a close contact with neuronal cells. The combined action of nano/microtopography and visible light excitation leads to effective optical modulation of neuronal growth and orientation. Embryonic neurons cultured on polymer pillars show a clear polarization effect and, upon exposure to optical excitation, a significant increase in both neurite and axon length. The biocompatible, microstructured, and light-sensitive platform developed here opens up the opportunity to optically regulate neuronal growth in a wireless, repeatable, and spatio-temporally controlled manner without genetic modification. This approach may be extended to other cell models, thus uncovering interesting applications of photonic devices in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Milos
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physics
Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche G. Natta (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Istituto
di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
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10
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Shah FJ, Caviglia C, Zór K, Carminati M, Ferrari G, Sampietro M, Martínez-Serrano A, Emnéus JK, Heiskanen AR. Impedance-based Real-time Monitoring of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2021; 12:34-49. [PMID: 34966467 PMCID: PMC8667812 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present here the first impedance-based characterization of the differentiation process of two human mesencephalic fetal neural stem lines. The two dopaminergic neural stem cell lines used in this study, Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) and human ventral mesencephalic (hVM1 Bcl-XL), have been developed for the study of Parkinsonian pathogenesis and its treatment using cell replacement therapy. We show that if only relying on impedance magnitude analysis, which is by far the most usual approach in, e.g., cytotoxicity evaluation and drug screening applications, one may not be able to distinguish whether the neural stem cells in a population are proliferating or differentiating. However, the presented results highlight that equivalent circuit analysis can provide detailed information on cellular behavior, e.g. simultaneous changes in cell morphology, cell-cell contacts, and cell adhesion during formation of neural projections, which are the fundamental behavioral differences between proliferating and differentiating neural stem cells. Moreover, our work also demonstrates the sensitivity of impedance-based monitoring with capability to provide information on changes in cellular behavior in relation to proliferation and differentiation. For both of the studied cell lines, in already two days (one day after induction of differentiation) equivalent circuit analysis was able to show distinction between proliferation and differentiation conditions, which is significantly earlier than by microscopic imaging. This study demonstrates the potential of impedance-based monitoring as a technique of choice in the study of stem cell behavior, laying the foundation for screening assays to characterize stem cell lines and testing the efficacy epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Shah
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Particle Analytical ApS, Agern Allé 3, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - C. Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Radiometer Medical ApS, Åkandevej 21, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark
| | - K. Zór
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Carminati
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - G. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - M. Sampietro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - A. Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - J. K. Emnéus
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Present affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A. R. Heiskanen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Present affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Krukiewicz K. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a versatile tool for the characterization of neural tissue: A mini review. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hassan Q, Ahmadi S, Kerman K. Recent Advances in Monitoring Cell Behavior Using Cell-Based Impedance Spectroscopy. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E590. [PMID: 32545753 PMCID: PMC7345285 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based impedance spectroscopy (CBI) is a powerful tool that uses the principles of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by measuring changes in electrical impedance relative to a voltage applied to a cell layer. CBI provides a promising platform for the detection of several properties of cells including the adhesion, motility, proliferation, viability and metabolism of a cell culture. This review gives a brief overview of the theory, instrumentation, and detection principles of CBI. The recent applications of the technique are given in detail for research into cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, toxicology as well as its application to 2D and 3D in vitro cell cultures. CBI has been established as a biophysical marker to provide quantitative cellular information, which can readily be adapted for single-cell analysis to complement the existing biomarkers for clinical research on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (Q.H.); (S.A.)
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TONELLO SARAH, BORGHETTI MICHELA, LOPOMO NICOLAF, SERPELLONI MAURO, SARDINI EMILIO, MARZIANO MARIAGRAZIA, SERZANTI MARIALAURA, UBERTI DANIELA, DELL’ERA PATRIZIA, INVERARDI NICOLETTA, GUALANDI CHIARA, FOCARETE MARIALETIZIA. INK-JET PRINTED STRETCHABLE SENSORS FOR CELL MONITORING UNDER MECHANICAL STIMULI: A FEASIBILITY STUDY. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impedance-based sensors represent a promising tool for cell monitoring to improve current invasive biological assays. A novel research field is represented by measurements performed in dynamic conditions, monitoring cells (e.g., myocytes) for which the mechanical stimulus plays an important role for promoting maturation. In this picture, we applied printed and stretchable electronics principles, developing a system able to evaluate cells adhesion during substrate cyclic strain. Cytocompatible and stretchable sensors were ink-jet printed using carbon-based ink on crosslinked poly([Formula: see text]-caprolactone) electrospun mats. Moreover, a customized stretching device was produced, with a complete user interface to control testing condition, validated in order to correlate impedance changes with myoblasts — i.e., myocytes precursors — adhesion. Overall system sensitivity was evaluated using three different cell concentrations and DAPI imaging assay was performed to confirm myoblast adhesion. Preliminary results showed the possibility to correlate an average increase of impedance magnitude of 1[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] every 15,000 cells/cm2 seeded, suggesting the possibility to discriminate between different cell concentrations, with a sensitivity of 80[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]/(cells/cm2). In conclusion, the present system might be generalized in the development of future applications, including the differentiation process of cardiac myocytes with the aid of mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- SARAH TONELLO
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MICHELA BORGHETTI
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - NICOLA F. LOPOMO
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MAURO SERPELLONI
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - EMILIO SARDINI
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MARIAGRAZIA MARZIANO
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MARIALAURA SERZANTI
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - DANIELA UBERTI
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - PATRIZIA DELL’ERA
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - NICOLETTA INVERARDI
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - CHIARA GUALANDI
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - MARIA LETIZIA FOCARETE
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yi N, Cui H, Zhang LG, Cheng H. Integration of biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:91-111. [PMID: 31004844 PMCID: PMC6710161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems continuously interact with the surrounding environment because they are dynamically evolving. The interaction is achieved through mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological, thermal, optical, or a synergistic combination of these cues. To provide a fundamental understanding of the interaction, recent efforts that integrate biological systems with the electronic-mechanical assemblies create unique opportunities for simultaneous monitoring and eliciting the responses to the biological system. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual. In this short review, we will provide a brief overview of the recent development on the integration of the biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies across multiple scales, with applications ranging from healthcare monitoring to therapeutic options such as drug delivery and rehabilitation therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An overview of the recent progress on the integration of the biological system with both electronic and mechanical assemblies is discussed. The integration creates the unique opportunity to simultaneously monitor and elicit the responses to the biological system, which provides a fundamental understanding of the interaction between the biological system and the electronic-mechanical assemblies. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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15
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Gamal W, Wu H, Underwood I, Jia J, Smith S, Bagnaninchi PO. Impedance-based cellular assays for regenerative medicine. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0226. [PMID: 29786561 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on regenerative techniques have the potential to radically improve healthcare in the coming years. As a result, there is an emerging need for non-destructive and label-free technologies to assess the quality of engineered tissues and cell-based products prior to their use in the clinic. In parallel, the emerging regenerative medicine industry that aims to produce stem cells and their progeny on a large scale will benefit from moving away from existing destructive biochemical assays towards data-driven automation and control at the industrial scale. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCA) have emerged as an alternative approach to study stem-cell properties and cumulative studies, reviewed here, have shown their potential to monitor stem-cell renewal, differentiation and maturation. They offer a novel method to non-destructively assess and quality-control stem-cell cultures. In addition, when combined with in vitro disease models they provide complementary insights as label-free phenotypic assays. IBCA provide quantitative and very sensitive results that can easily be automated and up-scaled in multi-well format. When facing the emerging challenge of real-time monitoring of three-dimensional cell culture dielectric spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography represent viable alternatives to two-dimensional impedance sensing.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gamal
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
| | - H Wu
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - I Underwood
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - J Jia
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - S Smith
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - P O Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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16
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Djawad YA, Attwood D, Kiely J, Luxton R. The application of detrended fluctuation analysis to assess physical characteristics of the human cell line ECV304 following toxic challenges. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Wysotzki P, Gimsa J. Surface Coatings Modulate the Differences in the Adhesion Forces of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells as Detected by Single Cell Force Microscopy. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:7024259. [PMID: 31057623 PMCID: PMC6463582 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7024259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell force microscopy was used to investigate the maximum detachment force (MDF) of primary neuronal mouse cells (PNCs), osteoblastic cells (MC3T3), and prokaryotic cells (Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis) from different surfaces after contact times of 1 to 5 seconds. Positively charged silicon nitride surfaces were coated with positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly-D-lysine. Laminin was used as the second coating. PEI induced MDFs of the order of 5 to 20 nN, slightly higher than silicon nitride did. Lower MDFs (1 to 5 nN) were detected on PEI/laminin with the lowest on PDL/laminin. To abstract from the individual cell properties, such as size, and to obtain cell type-specific MDFs, the MDFs of each cell on the different coatings were normalized to the silicon nitride reference for the longest contact time. The differences in MDF between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells were generally of similar dimensions, except on PDL/laminin, which discriminated against the prokaryotic cells. We explain the lower MDFs on laminin by the spatial prevention of the electrostatic cell adhesion to the underlying polymers. However, PEI can form long flexible loops protruding from the surface-bound layer that may span the laminin layer and easily bind to cellular surfaces and the small prokaryotic cells. This was reflected in increased MDFs after two-second contact times on silicon nitride, whereas the two-second values were already observed after one second on PEI or PEI/laminin. We assume that the electrostatic charge interaction with the PEI loops is more important for the initial adhesion of the smaller prokaryotic cells than for eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wysotzki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Gimsa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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18
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Sonnendecker C, Thürmann S, Przybylski C, Zitzmann FD, Heinke N, Krauke Y, Monks K, Robitzki AA, Belder D, Zimmermann W. Large‐Ring Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors for Enantiomeric Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonnendecker
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess TechnologyInstitute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Johannisallee 23 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sebastian Thürmann
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH Hegauer Weg 38 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire IPCM 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Franziska D. Zitzmann
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineMolecular biological-biochemical Processing TechnologyLeipzig University Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Nicole Heinke
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstr. 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH Hegauer Weg 38 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH Hegauer Weg 38 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Andrea A. Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineMolecular biological-biochemical Processing TechnologyLeipzig University Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryLeipzig University Linnéstr. 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess TechnologyInstitute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Johannisallee 23 04103 Leipzig Germany
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19
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Sonnendecker C, Thürmann S, Przybylski C, Zitzmann FD, Heinke N, Krauke Y, Monks K, Robitzki AA, Belder D, Zimmermann W. Large-Ring Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors for Enantiomeric Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6411-6414. [PMID: 30882968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Large-ring cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic glucans composed of 9 or more α-1,4-linked glucose units. They are minor side products of bacterial glucanotransferases (CGTases, EC 2.4.1.19) and have previously been available only in very small amounts for studies of their properties in supramolecular complex formation reactions. We engineered a CGTase to synthesize mainly large-ring CD facilitating their preparation in larger amounts. By reversed phase chromatography, we obtained single CD samples composed of 10 to 12 glucose units (CD10, CD11, and CD12) with a purity of >90 %. Their identity was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry and fragmentation analysis. We demonstrated the non-toxicity of CD10-CD12 for human cell lines by a cell proliferation assay and impedimetric monitoring. We then showed that CD10 and CD11 are efficient chiral selectors for the capillary electrophoretic separation of the enantiomeric pharmaceuticals fluvastatin, mefloquine, carvedilol, and primaquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonnendecker
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thürmann
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Franziska D Zitzmann
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Heinke
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Dept. of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Marziano M, Tonello S, Cantù E, Abate G, Vezzoli M, Rungratanawanich W, Serpelloni M, Lopomo NF, Memo M, Sardini E, Uberti D. Monitoring Caco-2 to enterocyte-like cells differentiation by means of electric impedance analysis on printed sensors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:893-902. [PMID: 30817979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) are a widely used model of intestinal barrier to study cancer development, toxicological assessments, absorption and metabolism in food science or drug discovery. Caco-2 spontaneously differentiate into a monolayer expressing several specific characteristics, typically showed by mature enterocytes. For in vitro experiments, it is crucial to identify non-invasive and non-destructive techniques able to evaluate the integrity and differentiation of the cells monolayer. Thus, we aimed to assess these properties by analyzing electrical impedance measurements. METHODS Caco-2 cells were differentiated for 21 days. The monolayer integrity and differentiation were primarily evaluated by means of morphological, biochemical and molecular data. Impedance measurements in a range of frequencies from 400 Hz to 50 kHz were performed using a dedicated set up, including customized Aerosol Jet Printed carbon-based sensors. RESULTS The trends of RI observed at three different frequencies were able to describe cell growth and differentiation. In order to evaluate which frequencies better correlate with cell differentiation, Principal Component Analysis have been employed and the concordance analysis between RI magnitude and morphological, biochemical and molecular data, highlighted 40 kHz as the optimal frequency to assess Caco-2 cells differentiation process. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of applying impedance-based measurements not only to provide information about the monolayer status, but also for cell differentiation monitoring. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study underlined the possibility to use a dedicated sensor to assess the integrity and differentiation of Caco-2 monolayer, as a reliable non-destructive alternative to conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marziano
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - S Tonello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Cantù
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Serpelloni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - N F Lopomo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Sardini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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21
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Cunha AB, Hou J, Schuelke C. Machine Learning for Stem Cell Differentiation and Proliferation Classification on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2019; 10:124-132. [PMID: 33584893 PMCID: PMC7851974 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on cells is a proven method to assess stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell regenerative medicine (CRM) is an emerging field where the need to develop and deploy stem cell assessment techniques is paramount as experimental treatments reach pre-clinical and clinical stages. However, EIS measurements on cells is a method requiring extensive post-processing and analysis. As a contribution to address this concern, we developed three machine learning models for three different stem cell lines able to classify the measured data as proliferation or differentiation laying the stone for future studies on using machine learning to profile EIS measurements on stem cells spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Seidel D, Jahnke HG, Englich B, Girard M, Robitzki AA. In vitro field potential monitoring on a multi-microelectrode array for the electrophysiological long-term screening of neural stem cell maturation. Analyst 2018; 142:1929-1937. [PMID: 28484750 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02713j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of appropriate cell models as well as automated electrophysiology monitoring technologies, the standardized identification of neurotoxic or protective effects in vitro remains a major problem in today's pharmaceutical ingredient development. Over the past few years, in vivo-like human pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks have turned out to be a promising physiological cell source, if the establishment of robust and time-saving functional maturation strategies based on stable and expandable neural progenitor populations can be achieved. Here, we describe a multi-microelectrode array (MMEA)-based bioelectronics platform that was optimized for long-term electrophysiological activity monitoring of neuronal networks via field potential measurements. Differentiation of small molecule-based neuronal progenitors on MMEAs led to functional neurons within 15 days. More strikingly, these functional neuronal cultures could remain electrophysiologically stable on the MMEAs for more than four weeks. The observed electrophysiological properties correlated with the expression of typical neuron subtype markers and were further validated by specific neurotransmitter applications. With our established monitoring platform, we could show for the first time the long-term stability of the neural stem cell-like progenitor population to differentiate to electrophysiologically active dopaminergic neuronal networks for more than 80 passages. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive long-term stable field potential monitoring platform based on stem cell-derived human neuronal networks that can be automated and up-scaled for standardized high-content screening applications e.g. in the field of neurotoxic and neuroprotective therapeutics identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Seidel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), University of Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), University of Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Beate Englich
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), University of Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mathilde Girard
- CECS, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Genopole Campus 1, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), University of Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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23
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Ayala-Charca G, Munidasa S, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Magerowski S. A high-throughput impedimetric platform for cellular analysis: Design, Implementation and Experimental Results. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:4261-4264. [PMID: 30441295 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput impedance spectroscopy measurement system was designed and developed for the purpose of biological analysis. This platform consists of a microchip containing a microelectrode array and a multiplexing interface system. Herein we put forward the proposed platform and demonstrate its functionality by performing impedance analysis using N2a cells and its associated medium. The early experimental results demonstrated the high-through impedimetric system to be a strong basis for future modification and development.
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24
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Pitsalidis C, Ferro MP, Iandolo D, Tzounis L, Inal S, Owens RM. Transistor in a tube: A route to three-dimensional bioelectronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat4253. [PMID: 30397642 PMCID: PMC6203411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture materials and techniques, which more accurately mimic in vivo systems to study biological phenomena, have fostered the development of organ and tissue models. While sophisticated 3D tissues can be generated, technology that can accurately assess the functionality of these complex models in a high-throughput and dynamic manner is not well adapted. Here, we present an organic bioelectronic device based on a conducting polymer scaffold integrated into an electrochemical transistor configuration. This platform supports the dual purpose of enabling 3D cell culture growth and real-time monitoring of the adhesion and growth of cells. We have adapted our system to a 3D tubular geometry facilitating free flow of nutrients, given its relevance in a variety of biological tissues (e.g., vascular, gastrointestinal, and kidney) and processes (e.g., blood flow). This biomimetic transistor in a tube does not require photolithography methods for preparation, allowing facile adaptation to the purpose. We demonstrate that epithelial and fibroblast cells grow readily and form tissue-like architectures within the conducting polymer scaffold that constitutes the channel of the transistor. The process of tissue formation inside the conducting polymer channel gradually modulates the transistor characteristics. Correlating the real-time changes in the steady-state characteristics of the transistor with the growth of the cultured tissue, we extract valuable insights regarding the transients of tissue formation. Our biomimetic platform enabling label-free, dynamic, and in situ measurements illustrates the potential for real-time monitoring of 3D cell culture and compatibility for use in long-term organ-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pitsalidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - M. P. Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - D. Iandolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - L. Tzounis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S. Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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25
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Mohamed Hassan Y, Massa L, Caviglia C, Sylvest Keller S. Electrochemical Monitoring of Saos-2 Cell Differentiation on Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Leonardo Massa
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claudia Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Stephan Sylvest Keller
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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26
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Towards Three-Dimensional Dynamic Regulation and In Situ Characterization of Single Stem Cell Phenotype Using Microfluidics. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:843-861. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Guerrero-Robles CI, Vazquez-Zapien GJ, Mata-Miranda MM, Noriega-Gonzalez JE, Gonzalez-Diaz CA. Electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy as biosensor technique to identify cells lineages and cell differentiation process. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:3568-3571. [PMID: 29060669 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of diverse cells types and cell differentiation process requires complex techniques as flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and the exploration of molecular markers; such techniques require infrastructure and qualified personnel. The objective of this study was to analyze the use of Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBIS) measurements as a non-complex alternative technique to identify populations of undifferentiated mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells (mPSCs), Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) and the differentiation process from preadipocytes (3T3-L1) to mature adipocytes. EBIS measurements were compared in populations of cells which were characterized previously using microscopy. The results indicate that EBIS technique has a potential sensitivity at certain frequency range to discriminate between both evaluated cell populations and some differentiation process. Additional studies with different concentrations to evaluate quantitatively the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed technique are recommended.
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28
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3D-cultured neural stem cell microarrays on a micropillar chip for high-throughput developmental neurotoxicology. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:680-691. [PMID: 30048616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous chemicals including environmental toxicants and drugs have not been fully evaluated for developmental neurotoxicity. A key gap exists in the ability to predict accurately and robustly in vivo outcomes based on in vitro assays. This is particularly the case for predicting the toxicity of chemicals on the developing human brain. A critical need for such in vitro assays is choice of a suitable model cell type. To that end, we have performed high-throughput in vitro assessment of proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Conventional in vitro assays typically use immunofluorescence staining to quantify changes in cell morphology and expression of neural cell-specific biomarkers, which is often time-consuming and subject to variable specificities of available antibodies. To alleviate these limitations, we developed a miniaturized, three-dimensional (3D) hNSC culture with ReNcell VM on microarray chip platforms and established a high-throughput promoter-reporter assay system using recombinant lentiviruses on hNSC spheroids to assess cell viability, self-renewal, and differentiation. Optimum cell viability and spheroid formation of 3D ReNcell VM culture were observed on a micropillar chip over a period of 9 days in a mixture of 0.75% (w/v) alginate and 1 mg/mL growth factor reduced (GFR) Matrigel with 25 mM CaCl2 as a crosslinker for alginate. In addition, 3D ReNcell VM culture exhibited self-renewal and differentiation on the microarray chip platform, which was efficiently monitored by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression of four NSC-specific biomarkers including sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synapsin1, and myelin basic protein (MBP) with the promoter-reporter assay system.
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29
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Rosu-Hamzescu M, Polonschii C, Oprea S, Popescu D, David S, Bratu D, Gheorghiu E. High speed CMOS acquisition system based on FPGA embedded image processing for electro-optical measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:065103. [PMID: 29960562 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electro-optical measurements, i.e., optical waveguides and plasmonic based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (P-EIS), are based on the sensitive dependence of refractive index of electro-optical sensors on surface charge density, modulated by an AC electrical field applied to the sensor surface. Recently, P-EIS has emerged as a new analytical tool that can resolve local impedance with high, optical spatial resolution, without using microelectrodes. This study describes a high speed image acquisition and processing system for electro-optical measurements, based on a high speed complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The FPGA is used to configure CMOS parameters, as well as to receive and locally process the acquired images by performing Fourier analysis for each pixel, deriving the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier coefficients for the AC field frequencies. An AC field generator, for single or multi-sine signals, is synchronized with the high speed acquisition system for phase measurements. The system was successfully used for real-time angle-resolved electro-plasmonic measurements from 30 Hz up to 10 kHz, providing results consistent to ones obtained by a conventional electrical impedance approach. The system was able to detect amplitude variations with a relative variation of ±1%, even for rather low sampling rates per period (i.e., 8 samples per period). The PC (personal computer) acquisition and control software allows synchronized acquisition for multiple FPGA boards, making it also suitable for simultaneous angle-resolved P-EIS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dragos Popescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, ICB, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin David
- International Centre of Biodynamics, ICB, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dumitru Bratu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, ICB, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugen Gheorghiu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Stubbe M, Gimsa J. Furthering the state of knowledge on the electric properties of hemi-ellipsoidal single cells and cell patches on electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:166-172. [PMID: 29412941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The impedance of electrodes with adherent biological cells correlates with cell viability and proliferation. To model this correlation, we exploited the idea that the introduction of a highly conductive layer into the equatorial equipotential slice of a system with an oriented, freely suspended, single ellipsoidal cell may split the system into mirror-symmetrical halves without changing the field distribution. Each half possesses half of the system's impedance and contains a hemiellipsoidal cell attached to the conductive layer, which can be considered a bottom electrode. For a hemiellipsoidal adherent cell model (ACM) with standard electrical properties for the external and cellular media, the assumption of a bottom membrane and a subcellular cleft in the 100 nm range, as found in adherent cells, changed the potential distribution over a one-% range up to frequencies of 1 MHz. For simplicity, potential distributions for slices of spheroidal objects can be numerically calculated in 2D. The 2D distributions can be converted into three dimensions using simplified equations for the influential radii of spheroids. After the ACM approach was expanded to adherent cell patch models (APMs), the feasibility of our model modifications was tested using two criteria: the constancy of the equipotential plane touching the poles of ACMs or APMs and a comparison of the impedance, which could be numerically calculated from the overall current between the bottom electrode and a plane-parallel counter-electrode, with the impedance of the suspension obtained from Maxwell-Wagner's mixing equation applied to hemiellipsoidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stubbe
- University of Rostock, Department of Biophysics, Gertrudenstr. 11a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Gimsa
- University of Rostock, Department of Biophysics, Gertrudenstr. 11a, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Suhito IR, Han Y, Min J, Son H, Kim TH. In situ label-free monitoring of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into multiple lineages. Biomaterials 2018; 154:223-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zitzmann FD, Jahnke HG, Nitschke F, Beck-Sickinger AG, Abel B, Belder D, Robitzki AA. A novel microfluidic microelectrode chip for a significantly enhanced monitoring of NPY-receptor activation in live mode. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4294-4302. [PMID: 29119176 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip devices that combine, e.g. chemical synthesis with integrated on-chip analytics and multi-compartment organ-on-a-chip approaches, are a fast and attractive evolving research area. While integration of appropriate cell models in microfluidic setups for monitoring the biological activity of synthesis products or test compounds is already in focus, the integration of label-free bioelectronic analysis techniques is still poorly realized. In this context, we investigated the capabilities of impedance spectroscopy as a non-destructive real-time monitoring technique for adherent cell models in a microfluidic setup. While an initial adaptation of a microelectrode array (MEA) layout from a static setup revealed clear restrictions in the application of impedance spectroscopy in a microfluidic chip, we could demonstrate the advantage of a FEM simulation based rational MEA layout optimization for an optimum electrical field distribution within microfluidic structures. Furthermore, FEM simulation based analysis of shear stress and time-dependent test compound distribution led to identification of an optimal flow rate. Based on the simulation derived optimized microfluidic MEA, comparable impedance spectra characteristics were achieved for HEK293A cells cultured under microfluidic and static conditions. Furthermore, HEK293A cells expressing Y1 receptors were used to successfully demonstrate the capabilities of impedimetric monitoring of cellular alterations in the microfluidic setup. More strikingly, the maximum impedimetric signal for the receptor activation was significantly increased by a factor of 2.8. Detailed investigations of cell morphology and motility led to the conclusion that cultivation under microfluidic conditions could lead to an extended and stabilized cell-electrode interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska D Zitzmann
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Kim HW, Yun J, Lee JZ, Shin DG, Lee J. Evaluation of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy-on-a-Needle as a Novel Tool to Determine Optimal Surgical Margin in Partial Nephrectomy. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28696572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A hypodermic needle has been introduced incorporating an electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor, called micro-EIS-on-a-needle for depth profiling (μEoN-DP). The μEoN-DP can locate endophytic renal tumors as well as determine tumor margins by detecting the impedance difference between normal and cancer tissues. To evaluate the μEoN-DP as a novel tool to determine the optimal surgical margin during partial nephrectomy (PN), the electrical impedance differences between renal parenchymal tissues and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors are investigated with regard to the distance from the tumors. Optimal frequencies at which the discrimination extent is maximized are suggested based on the discrimination index. The resistance and capacitance of normal and cancer tissues are extracted using electrical equivalent circuit by excluding the influences of other electrical components on the sensor output. The extracted resistance and capacitance of cancer tissues are 37.8% larger and 25.7% smaller than that of normal tissues, respectively. Additionally, high sensitivity and specificity are obtained by using extracted resistance and capacitance, thus implying that the μEoN-DP shows promise as a supplementary tool for PN margin evaluation and decreasing the prevalence of positive surgical margins while maximizing parenchymal preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Urology Pusan National University Hospital Busan 49241 South Korea
| | - Joho Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 South Korea
| | - Jeong Zoo Lee
- Department of Urology Pusan National University Hospital Busan 49241 South Korea
| | - Dong Gil Shin
- Department of Urology Pusan National University Hospital Busan 49241 South Korea
| | - Jong‐Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 South Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju 61005 South Korea
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Yun J, Kim HW, Lee JH. Improvement of Depth Profiling into Biotissues Using Micro Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy on a Needle with Selective Passivation. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122207. [PMID: 28009845 PMCID: PMC5191185 DOI: 10.3390/s16122207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A micro electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-on-a-needle for depth profiling (μEoN-DP) with a selective passivation layer (SPL) on a hypodermic needle was recently fabricated to measure the electrical impedance of biotissues along with the penetration depths. The SPL of the μEoN-DP enabled the sensing interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) to contribute predominantly to the measurement by reducing the relative influence of the connection lines on the sensor output. The discrimination capability of the μEoN-DP was verified using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at various concentration levels. The resistance and capacitance extracted through curve fitting were similar to those theoretically estimated based on the mixing ratio of PBS and deionized water; the maximum discrepancies were 8.02% and 1.85%, respectively. Depth profiling was conducted using four-layered porcine tissue to verify the effectiveness of the discrimination capability of the μEoN-DP. The magnitude and phase between dissimilar porcine tissues (fat and muscle) were clearly discriminated at the optimal frequency of 1 MHz. Two kinds of simulations, one with SPL and the other with complete passivation layer (CPL), were performed, and it was verified that the SPL was advantageous over CPL in the discrimination of biotissues in terms of sensor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joho Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Korea.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea.
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