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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Structure, Functions, and Implications of Selected Lipocalins in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4290. [PMID: 38673873 PMCID: PMC11050150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipocalin proteins are a large family of small extracellular proteins that demonstrate significant heterogeneity in sequence similarity and have highly conserved crystal structures. They have a variety of functions, including acting as carrier proteins, transporting retinol, participating in olfaction, and synthesizing prostaglandins. Importantly, they also play a critical role in human diseases, including cancer. Additionally, they are involved in regulating cellular homeostasis and immune response and dispensing various compounds. This comprehensive review provides information on the lipocalin family, including their structure, functions, and implications in various diseases. It focuses on selective important human lipocalin proteins, such as lipocalin 2 (LCN2), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), and α1-microglobulin (A1M).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
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Chen LY, Hsu SM, Wang JC, Yang TH, Chuang HS. Photonic crystal enhanced immunofluorescence biosensor integrated with a lateral flow microchip: Toward rapid tear-based diabetic retinopathy screening. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:044102. [PMID: 37484814 PMCID: PMC10361775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has accounted for major loss of vision in chronic diabetes. Although clinical statistics have shown that early screening can procrastinate or improve the deterioration of the disease, the screening rate remains low worldwide because of the great inconvenience of conventional ophthalmoscopic examination. Instead, tear fluid that contains rich proteins caused by direct contact with eyeballs is an ideal substitute to monitor vision health. Herein, an immunofluorescence biosensor enhanced by a photonic crystal (PhC) is presented to handle the trace proteins suspended in the tear fluid. The PhC was constructed by self-assembled nanoparticles with a thin layer of gold coated on top of it. Then, the PC substrate was conjugated with antibodies and placed in a microchannel. When the capillary-driven tear sample flew over the PC substrate, the immunoassay enabled the formation of a sandwich antibody-antigen-antibody configuration for PhC-enhanced immunofluorescence. The use of PhC resulted in a concentration enhancement of more than tenfold compared to non-PhC, while achieving an equivalent signal intensity. The limit of detection for the target biomarker, lipocalin-1 (LCN-1), reached nearly 3 μg/ml, and the turnaround time of each detection was 15 min. Finally, a preclinical evaluation was conducted using ten tear samples. A clear trend was observed, showing that the concentrations of LCN-1 were at least twofold higher in individuals with chronic diabetes or DR than in healthy individuals. This trend was consistent with their medical conditions. The results provided a direct proof-of-concept for the proposed PhC biosensor in rapid tear-based DR screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Zhou YY, Jin Y, Liu SQ, Xu SL, Huang YX, Xu YS, Shi LG, Wang HB. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of lipocalin families in Lepidoptera with an emphasis on Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:15-30. [PMID: 35343650 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalins exhibit functional diversity, including roles in retinol transport, invertebrate cryptic coloration, and stress response. However, genome-wide identification and characterization of lipocalin in the insect lineage have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we found that a lineage-specific expansion of the lipocalin genes in Lepidoptera occurred in large part due to tandem duplication events and several lipocalin genes involving insect coloration were expanded more via tandem duplication in butterflies. A comparative analysis of conserved motifs showed both conservation and divergence of lepidopteran lipocalin family protein structures during evolution. We observe dynamic changes in tissue expression preference of paralogs in Bombyx mori, suggesting differential contribution of paralogs to specific organ functions during evolution. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that lipocalins localize to the cytoplasm, nuclear membrane, or nucleus in BmN cells. Moreover, several lipocalin genes exhibited divergent responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, and 1 lipocalin gene was upregulated by 300 fold in B. mori. These results suggest that lipocalins act as signaling components in defense responses by mediating crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. This study deepens our understanding of the comprehensive characteristics of lipocalins in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zhou
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Liu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Liang Xu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Huang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Song Xu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Gen Shi
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ozdalgic B, Gul M, Uygun ZO, Atçeken N, Tasoglu S. Emerging Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Tear Film Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:827. [PMID: 36290964 PMCID: PMC9599721 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human tear film, with a flow rate of 1-3 µL/min, is a rich bodily fluid that transmits a variety of metabolites and hormones containing proteins, lipids and electrolytes that provide clues about ocular and systemic diseases. Analysis of disease biomarkers such as proteins, mRNA, enzymes and cytokines in the tear film, collected by noninvasive methods, can provide significant results for sustaining a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine regarding various diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, dry eye, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and COVID-19. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers a powerful technique for analyzing these biomarkers. EIS detects electrical equivalent circuit parameters related to biorecognition of receptor-analyte interactions on the electrode surface. This method is advantageous as it performs a label-free detection and allows the detection of non-electroactive compounds that cannot be detected by direct electron transfer, such as hormones and some proteins. Here, we review the opportunities regarding the integration of EIS into tear fluid sampling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Ozdalgic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Division of Optometry, School of Med Services & Techniques, Dogus University, Istanbul 34775, Türkiye
| | - Munire Gul
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Zihni Onur Uygun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Türkiye
| | - Nazente Atçeken
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Türkiye
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
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Ren J, Zhang S, Pan Y, Jin M, Li J, Luo Y, Sun X, Li G. Diabetic retinopathy: Involved cells, biomarkers, and treatments. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953691. [PMID: 36016568 PMCID: PMC9396039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide, is caused by retinal neurovascular unit dysfunction, and its cellular pathology involves at least nine kinds of retinal cells, including photoreceptors, horizontal and bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells, glial cells (Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia), endothelial cells, pericytes, and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Its mechanism is complicated and involves loss of cells, inflammatory factor production, neovascularization, and BRB impairment. However, the mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Drug treatment for DR has been gradually advancing recently. Research on potential drug targets relies upon clear information on pathogenesis and effective biomarkers. Therefore, we reviewed the recent literature on the cellular pathology and the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of DR in terms of blood, protein, and clinical and preclinical drug therapy (including synthesized molecules and natural molecules). This review may provide a theoretical basis for further DR research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun , ; Guang Li,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun , ; Guang Li,
| | - Guang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun , ; Guang Li,
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Vieira M, Fernandes R, Ambrósio AF, Cardoso V, Carvalho M, Weng Kung P, Neves MAD, Mendes Pinto I. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for minimally invasive molecular sensing of diabetic retinopathy. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1876-1889. [PMID: 35485913 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic eye disease and the worldwide leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. It progresses from mild to severe non-proliferative or proliferative DR based on several pathological features including the magnitude of blood-retinal barrier breakdown and neovascularization. Available pharmacological and retinal laser photocoagulation interventions are mostly applied in the advanced stages of DR and are inefficient in halting disease progression in a significantly high percentage of patients. Yet, recent evidence has shown that some therapies could potentially limit DR progression if applied at early stages, highlighting the importance of early disease diagnostics. In the past few decades, different imaging modalities have proved their utility for examining retinal and optic nerve changes in patients with retinal diseases. However, imaging based-methodologies solely rely on morphological examination of the retinal vascularization and are not suitable for recurrent and personalized patient evaluation. This raises the need for new technologies to enable accurate and early diagnosis of DR. In this review, we critically discuss the potential clinical benefit of minimally-invasive molecular biomarker identification and profiling of diabetic patients who are at risk of developing DR. We provide a comparative overview of conventional and recently developed lab-on-a-chip technologies for quantitative assessment of potential DR molecular biomarkers and discuss their advantages, current limitations and challenges for future practical implementation and continuous patient monitoring at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vieira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - Peng Weng Kung
- Spin Dynamics in Health Engineering Group, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | | | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.
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Nandi SK, Singh D, Upadhay J, Gupta N, Dhiman N, Mittal SK, Mahindroo N. Identification of tear-based protein and non-protein biomarkers: Its application in diagnosis of human diseases using biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:838-846. [PMID: 34728300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of robust, selective and specific biomarkers are important for early diagnosis and monitor progression of human diseases. Eye being a common target for several human diseases, vision impediment and complications are often associated with systemic and ocular diseases. Tears are bodily fluids that are closest to eye and are rich in protein content and other metabolites. As a biomarker repository, it advantages over other bodily fluids due to the ability to collect it non-invasively. In this review, we highlight some recent advancements in identification of tear-based protein biomarkers like lacryglobin and cystatin SA for cancer; interleukin-6 and immunoglobulin-A antibody for COVID-19; tau, amyloid-β-42 and lysozyme-C for Alzheimer's disease; peroxiredoxin-6 and α-synuclein for Parkinson's disease; kallikrein, angiotensin converting enzyme and lipocalin-1 for glaucoma; lactotransferrin and lipophilin-A for diabetic retinopathy and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein-1, prolactin and calcium binding protein-A4 for eye thyroid disease. We also discussed identification of tear based non-protein biomarkers like lysophospholipids and acetylcarnitine for glaucoma, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyquanosine and malondialdehyde for thyroid eye disease. We elucidate technological advancement in developing tear-based biosensors for diagnosis and monitoring diseases such as diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the study of tears as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of human diseases is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Nandi
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Deepanmol Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Jyoti Upadhay
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Neeti Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Nayan Dhiman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mittal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Chen WL, Jayan M, Kwon JS, Chuang HS. Facile open-well immunofluorescence enhancement with coplanar-electrodes-enabled optoelectrokinetics and magnetic particles. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113527. [PMID: 34325238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic manipulation has been proven powerful in enhancing the sensing capability of general-purpose biochips. However, the close-form configuration of biochips and the required use of low electric conductivity limit their practicability. In this study, an open-well microfluidic system facilitated with coplanar-electrodes-enabled optoelectrokinetic concentration and magnetic particles were therefore developed to overcome these challenges. The open side achieves optoelectrokinetic manipulation for biosignal enhancement, enabling free manual operations. Magnetic particles were employed in immunoassays to facilitate the rapid onsite separation of targets. A common cytokine biomarker found in many diseases, that is, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was used for assessing the immunosensing system. In addition to the benefits inherited from the immunoassays, the fluorescent signal enhanced by the optoelectrokinetic technique also featured rapid enhancement in 1 min and a limit of detection of as low as 2.9 pg/mL. The open-well architecture allowed the entire immunosensing process to be completed on site without frequent off-site washing. For a practical test, the TNF-α in human tear fluids was measured by the developed device and validated with a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data show consistency in terms of trend. The developed open-well optoelectrokinetic device provides an insight into future facile clinical diagnoses. By simply modifying the surface linkers on the magnetic particles, the technique can be further extended to more other trace biomarker detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Mansha Jayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Chen X, Ning Y, Pan S, Liu B, Chang Y, Pang W, Duan X. Mixing during Trapping Enabled a Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Smartphone Immunoassay Using Acoustic Streaming. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2386-2394. [PMID: 34102847 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone-enabled microfluidic chemiluminescence immunoassay is a promising portable system for point-of-care (POC) biosensing applications. However, due to the rather faint emitted light in such a limited sample volume, it is still difficult to reach the clinically accepted range when the smartphone serves as a standalone detector. Besides, the multiple separation and washing steps during sample preparation hinder the immunoassay's applications for POC usage. Herein, we proposed a novel acoustic streaming tweezers-enabled microfluidic immunoassay, where the probe particles' purification, reaction, and sensing were simply achieved on the same chip at continuous-flow conditions. The dedicatedly designed high-speed microscale vortexes not only enable dynamic trapping and washing of the probe particles on-demand but also enhance the capture efficiency of the heterogeneous particle-based immunoassay through active mixing during trapping. The enriched probe particles and enhanced biomarker capture capability increase the local chemiluminescent light intensity and enable direct capture of the immunobinding signal by a regular smartphone camera. The system was tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) sensing both in buffer and serum, where a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and a large dynamic response range from 0.3 to 10 ng/mL using only 10 μL of sample were achieved in a total assay time of less than 15 min. With the advantages of on-chip integration of sample preparation and detection and high sensing performance, the developed POC platform could be applied for many on-site diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Fluorescent aptasensor based on G-quadruplex-assisted structural transformation for the detection of biomarker lipocalin 1. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112607. [PMID: 32947081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading global cause of blindness in the working-age population. Early diagnosis and intervention can effectively reduce the risk for blindness. However, the current diagnostic methods in clinical practice remain constrained by nonquantitative examinations and individual ophthalmologists' experiences. Sensitive, specific and accurate detection of DR-specific biomarkers is an important approach to achieve its early and rapid diagnosis. In this study, a high-affinity aptamer APT12TM that specifically binds to the tear-derived DR biomarker lipocalin 1 was obtained. The aptamer APT12TM can be folded into a stable B-DNA structure, and its strong interaction with LCN 1, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, is an important factor for targeted recognition and high-affinity binding. A G-rich DNA fragment was further assembled at both ends of the aptamer APT12TM, and the B-DNA form was successfully converted into a parallel G-quadruplex. Most importantly, LCN 1 could induce further transformation of the G-quadruplex structure. Therefore, a fluorescent aptasensor based on G-quadruplex-assisted structural transformation was developed through the Thioflavin T mediator. The aptasensor exhibited a broad detection window from 0.25 to 1000 nM LCN 1, with a limit of detection of 0.2 nM. Furthermore, the aptasensor was applied to LCN 1 detection in artificial tear samples and displayed good reproducibility and stability. These results show that the developed aptasensor has significant potential for sensitive, specific and convenient detection of the DR-specific biomarker LCN 1.
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Shodeinde AB, Murphy AC, Oldenkamp HF, Potdar AS, Ludolph CM, Peppas NA. Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909556. [PMID: 33071713 PMCID: PMC7566744 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a group of debilitating illnesses that are often idiopathic in nature. The steady rise in the prevalence of these conditions warrants new approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials also known as "smart", "intelligent" or "recognitive" biomaterials are widely studied for their applications in drug delivery, biosensing and tissue engineering due to their ability to produce thermal, optical, chemical, or structural changes upon interacting with the biological environment. This critical analysis highlights studies within the last decade that harness the recognitive capabilities of these biomaterials towards the development of novel detection and treatment options for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliyah B. Shodeinde
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Andrew C. Murphy
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Heidi F. Oldenkamp
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Abhishek S. Potdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Catherine M. Ludolph
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave. Stop A1900, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, USA, 78723
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Wang JY, Kwon JS, Hsu SM, Chuang HS. Sensitive tear screening of diabetic retinopathy with dual biomarkers enabled using a rapid electrokinetic patterning platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:356-362. [PMID: 31848562 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bead-based immunosensors have intrigued the scientific community over the past decades due to their rapid and multiplexed capabilities in the detection of various biological targets. Nevertheless, their use in the detection of low-abundance analytes remains a continuing challenge because of their limited number of active enrichment approaches. To this end, our research presents a delicate microbead enrichment technique using an optoelectrokinetic platform, followed by the detection of dual biomarkers for the sensitive screening of an eye disease termed diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, microbeads turned fluorescent as their surfaces formed sandwiched immunocomplexes in the presence of target antigens. The tiny fluorescent dots were then concentrated using the optoelectrokinetic platform for the enhancement of their signals. The signal rapidly escalated in 10 s, and the optimal limit of detection was nearly 100 pg mL-1. For practical DR screening, two biomarkers, lipocalin 1 (LCN1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were used. Approximately 20 μL of analytes were collected from the tear samples of the tested patients. The concentrations of both biomarkers showed escalating trends with the severity of DR. Two concentration thresholds of LCN1 and VEGF that indicate proliferative DR were determined out of 24 clinical samples based on the receiver operating characteristic curves. For verification, a single-blind test was conducted with additional clinical tear samples from five random subjects. The final outcome of this evaluation showed an accuracy of >80%. This non-invasive screening provides a potential means for the early diagnosis of DR and may increase the screening rate among the high-risk diabetic population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Division of Thermal and Fluids Science, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. and Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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13
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Rare variants and loci for age-related macular degeneration in the Ohio and Indiana Amish. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1171-1182. [PMID: 31367973 PMCID: PMC6745026 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the world. While dozens of independent genomic variants are associated with AMD, about one-third of AMD heritability is still unexplained. To identify novel variants and loci for AMD, we analyzed Illumina HumanExome chip data from 87 Amish individuals with early or late AMD, 79 unaffected Amish individuals, and 15 related Amish individuals with unknown AMD affection status. We retained 37,428 polymorphic autosomal variants across 175 samples for association and linkage analyses. After correcting for multiple testing (n = 37,428), we identified four variants significantly associated with AMD: rs200437673 (LCN9, p = 1.50 × 10−11), rs151214675 (RTEL1, p = 3.18 × 10−8), rs140250387 (DLGAP1, p = 4.49 × 10−7), and rs115333865 (CGRRF1, p = 1.05 × 10−6). These variants have not been previously associated with AMD and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the 52 known AMD-associated variants reported by the International AMD Genomics Consortium based on physical distance. Genome-wide significant linkage peaks were observed on chromosomes 8q21.11–q21.13 (maximum recessive HLOD = 4.03) and 18q21.2–21.32 (maximum dominant HLOD = 3.87; maximum recessive HLOD = 4.27). These loci do not overlap with loci previously linked to AMD. Through gene ontology enrichment analysis with ClueGO in Cytoscape, we determined that several genes in the 1-HLOD support interval of the chromosome 8 locus are involved in fatty acid binding and triglyceride catabolic processes, and the 1-HLOD support interval of the linkage region on chromosome 18 is enriched in genes that participate in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity and the positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These results nominate novel variants and loci for AMD that require further investigation.
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14
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Charkoftaki G, Wang Y, McAndrews M, Bruford EA, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V, Nebert DW. Update on the human and mouse lipocalin (LCN) gene family, including evidence the mouse Mup cluster is result of an "evolutionary bloom". Hum Genomics 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 30782214 PMCID: PMC6381713 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalins (LCNs) are members of a family of evolutionarily conserved genes present in all kingdoms of life. There are 19 LCN-like genes in the human genome, and 45 Lcn-like genes in the mouse genome, which include 22 major urinary protein (Mup) genes. The Mup genes, plus 29 of 30 Mup-ps pseudogenes, are all located together on chromosome (Chr) 4; evidence points to an “evolutionary bloom” that resulted in this Mup cluster in mouse, syntenic to the human Chr 9q32 locus at which a single MUPP pseudogene is located. LCNs play important roles in physiological processes by binding and transporting small hydrophobic molecules —such as steroid hormones, odorants, retinoids, and lipids—in plasma and other body fluids. LCNs are extensively used in clinical practice as biochemical markers. LCN-like proteins (18–40 kDa) have the characteristic eight β-strands creating a barrel structure that houses the binding-site; LCNs are synthesized in the liver as well as various secretory tissues. In rodents, MUPs are involved in communication of information in urine-derived scent marks, serving as signatures of individual identity, or as kairomones (to elicit fear behavior). MUPs also participate in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism via a mechanism not well understood. Although much has been learned about LCNs and MUPs in recent years, more research is necessary to allow better understanding of their physiological functions, as well as their involvement in clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA
| | - Monica McAndrews
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Elspeth A Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034, USA.
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Center, University Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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15
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Glinská G, Krajčíková K, Zakutanská K, Shylenko O, Kondrakhova D, Tomašovičová N, Komanický V, Mašlanková J, Tomečková V. Noninvasive diagnostic methods for diabetes mellitus from tear fluid. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18050-18059. [PMID: 35520589 PMCID: PMC9064664 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy arises from damage to retinal vessels and, in its final stages, causes blindness. The early stages are often asymptomatic and although regular screening of diabetic patients is recommended, the beginning of diabetic retinopathy is insufficiently detected. The diagnostic potential of fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy as the untraditional methods for diabetes mellitus was investigated using tear fluid. In our pilot study the structural changes of tear fluid of patients with diabetes mellitus after insulin and oral antidiabetic drug treatment was compared with healthy subjects. The results of analysis, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed structural changes in tear fluid of patients in comparison with the tear fluid of healthy subjects. Using new experimental laboratory methods in future could contribute to an improvement in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other selected ocular diseases using tear fluid. In our pilot study we assessed the diagnostic potential of FS, IRS and AFM for diabetes mellitus using tear fluid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Glinská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Kristína Krajčíková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
| | | | - Oleg Shylenko
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 041 54 Košice
| | - Daria Kondrakhova
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 041 54 Košice
| | | | - Vladimír Komanický
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 041 54 Košice
| | - Jana Mašlanková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Tomečková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
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16
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Jia W, Lu Z, Yang H, Li H, Xu D. Elimination terminal fixed region screening and high-throughput kinetic determination of aptamer for lipocalin-1 by surface plasmon resonance imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1043:158-166. [PMID: 30392664 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient method for eliminating terminal fixed region interference of aptamer with real-time monitoring of the SELEX process was described by silver decahedra nanoparticles probe (Ag10-A10-RP(15)) capture and block the terminal fixed region candidates. A microarray chip was developed by immobilization of target protein (lipocalin-1 (LCN-1)) and control proteins (Human serum albumin (HSA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Holo-transferrin) on the biochip surface. The nucleic acid pool was first incubated with target and then captured by hybridization with Ag10-A10-RP(15). The work allows rapid screening of aptamer elimination fixed-region interference, and the kinetic constants of candidate sequences can be quickly determined using SPRi technology. Eventually, ten aptamers with high affinity and specific for LCN-1 after only fifth-round of selection was acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Danke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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18
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Enhanced diffusometric immunosensing with grafted gold nanoparticles for detection of diabetic retinopathy biomarker tumor necrosis factor-α. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 101:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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