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Thai DA, Park SK, Lee NY. A paper-embedded thermoplastic microdevice integrating additive-enhanced allele-specific amplification and silver nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection for point-of-care testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5081-5091. [PMID: 37929914 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a thermoplastic microdevice integrated with additive-enhanced allele-specific amplification and hydrazine-induced silver nanoparticle-based detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and opportunistic pathogens. For point-of-care testing of SNP, an allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction using nucleotide-mismatched primers and molecular additives was evaluated to discriminate single-nucleotide differences in the samples. The microdevice consists of purification and reaction units that enable DNA purification, amplification, and detection in a sequential manner. The purification unit enables the silica-based preparation of samples using an embedded glass fiber membrane. Hydrazine-induced silver nanoparticle formation was employed for endpoint colorimetric detection of amplicons within three min at room temperature. The versatile applicability of the microdevice was demonstrated by the successful identification of SNPs related to sickle cell anemia, genetically-induced hair loss, and Enterococcus faecium. The microdevice exhibited a detection limit of 103 copies per μL of SNP targets in serum and 102 CFU mL-1 of Enterococcus faecium in tap water within 70 min. The proposed microdevice is a promising and versatile platform for point-of-care nucleic acid testing of different samples in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Thai
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
| | - Seung Kyun Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
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2
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Jagannath A, Li Y, Cong H, Hassan J, Gonzalez G, Wang W, Zhang N, Gilchrist MD. UV-Assisted Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester) Modification of a Silica Membrane for Two-Step Microfluidic DNA Extraction from Blood. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37319124 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrating nucleic acid extraction in amplification-based point-of-care diagnostics will be a significant feature for next-generation point-of-care virus detection devices. However, extracting DNA efficiently on a microfluidic chip poses many technological and commercialization challenges, including manual steps, multiple instruments, pretreatment processes, and the use of organic solvents (ethanol, IPA) that inhibit detection, which is not viable with routine testing such as viral load monitoring of transplant patients for post-operative care. This paper presents a microfluidic system capable of two-step DNA extraction from blood using a UV-assisted hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE)-modified silica membrane for cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection in a rapid and instrument-free manner without the presence of amplification inhibitors. HPAEs of varying branch ratios were synthesized, screened, and coated on a silica membrane and bonded between two layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates. Our system could selectively extract DNA from blood with an efficiency of 94% and a lower limit viral load of 300 IU/mL in 20 min. The extracted DNA was used as the template for real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based detection of CMV and was found to produce a fluorescent signal intensity that was comparable with commercially extracted templates. This system can be integrated easily with a nucleic acid amplification system and used for routine rapid testing of viral load in patient blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Jagannath
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yinghao Li
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hengji Cong
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jaythoon Hassan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Wenxin Wang
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- MiNAN Technologies Ltd., NovaUCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael D Gilchrist
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- MiNAN Technologies Ltd., NovaUCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Luo Y, Jiang X, Zhang R, Shen C, Li M, Zhao Z, Lv M, Sun S, Sun X, Ying B. MXene-Based Aptameric Fluorosensor for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of COVID-19. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301146. [PMID: 36879476 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly escalated into the largest global health emergency, which pushes to develop detection kits for the detection of COVID-19 with high sensitivity, specificity, and fast analysis. Here, aptamer-functionalized MXene nanosheet is demonstrated as a novel bionanosensor that detects COVID-19. Upon binding to the spike receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, the aptamer probe is released from MXene surface restoring the quenched fluorescence. The performances of the fluorosensor are evaluated using antigen protein, cultured virus, and swab specimens from COVID-19 patients. It is evidenced that this sensor can detect SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at final concentration of 38.9 fg mL-1 and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (limit of detection: 7.2 copies) within 30 min. Its application for clinical samples analysis is also demonstrated successfully. This work offers an effective sensing platform for sensitive and rapid detection of COVID-19 with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xuping Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Yang K, Pan J, Deng G, Hua C, Zhu C, Liu Y, Zhu L. Mkit: A mobile nucleic acid assay based on a chitosan-modified minimalistic microfluidic chip (CM 3-chip) and smartphone. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1253:341030. [PMID: 36965987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mobile sensing enabled by MS2 technology, which integrates microfluidic and smartphone components, has seen many applications in recent years. In this direction, we developed an MS2 platform (an integrated kit) for nucleic acid assay, which included a chitosan-modified minimalistic microfluidic chip (CM3-chip), a smartphone-based fluorescence detector (SF-detector), an APP for imaging and analysis, reagents, and accessories. Once the lysed sample was loaded into the CM3-chip modified by 1% concentration and 200-260 kDa molecular weight of chitosan, the following assay can be completed in approximately 1 h. The Mkit can detect 3 × 10° copies μL-1 of plasmid DNA and its polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiency was 96.8%. The CM3-chip equipped for the Mkit can enrich nucleic acid from the pH = 5 of lysis buffer, instead of using conventional adsorption mediums such as the magnetic beads and silica gel membranes, which could result in unexpected impurity residuals and tedious cleaning operations. In addition, the performance of the Mkit equipped with the pristine chip was demonstrated to perform poorer than that coupled with the CM3-chip in which the enriched nucleic acid can be all used for "in-situ PCR". The universality, selectivity, and user-friendliness of the Mkit were also validated. We finally demonstrated the feasibility of the Mkit for testing artificially prepared infected samples. H5N6 and IAV-infected saliva samples provided the limits of detection of 5 × 102 copies mL-1 and 3.24 × 102 copies mL-1 per chamber, respectively. The streamlined assay and compact device should enable the great potential of the Mkit in research and potential diagnostic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Zhongke Yikangda Biomedical Co., LTD, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoqing Deng
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changyi Hua
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Jang YO, Kim NH, Roh Y, Koo B, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Kim SH, Shin Y. Self-directed molecular diagnostics (SdMDx) system for COVID-19 via one-pot processing. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 378:133193. [PMID: 36570722 PMCID: PMC9759472 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.133193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)- 2 during early infection is pivotal in controlling the spread and pathological progression of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, highly accurate, affordable, and scalable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies are necessary. Herein, we developed a rapid and efficient self-directed molecular diagnostic (SdMDx) system for SARS-CoV-2. This system combines the sample preparation step, including virus enrichment and extraction processes, which involve dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride and diatomaceous earth functionalized with 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane, and the detection step using loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow assay (LAMP-LFA). Using the SdMDx system, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected within 47 min by hand without the need for any larger instruments. The SdMDx system enabled detection as low as 0.05 PFU in the culture fluid of SARS-CoV-2-infected VeroE6 cells. We validated the accuracy of the SdMDx system on 38 clinical nasopharyngeal specimens. The clinical utility of the SdMDx system for targeting the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 showed 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This system is more sensitive than antigen and antibody assays, and it minimizes the use of complicated processes and reduces contamination risks. Accordingly, we demonstrated that the SdMDx system enables a rapid, accurate, simple, efficient, and inexpensive detection of SARS-CoV-2 at home, in emergency facilities, and in low-resource sites as a pre-screening platform and POC testing through self-operation and self-diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hun Kim
- INFUSIONTECH, 38 Heungan-daero, 427 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wang Y, He Y, Wang L, Zhang YA, Wang MS. Diagnostic Yield of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests in Oral Samples for Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad082. [PMID: 36937246 PMCID: PMC10019807 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic accuracy of oral specimen nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains controversial. We performed a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including studies that reported the diagnostic yield of NAATs in oral samples for PTB diagnosis. The pooled estimates, including those of sensitivity and specificity, were calculated, and a meta-regression was performed to investigate heterogeneity, which was determined using χ2 and I² tests. A total of 23 articles were included, and the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of NAATs in oral samples for PTB diagnosis were 50% (95% CI, 37%-63%), 97% (95% CI, 93%-99%), and 0.89 (95% CI, 86%-92%; I 2 = 99%; chi-square, 169.61; P < .001), respectively. Our data demonstrated that NAATs using oral samples have a less satisfactory sensitivity and high specificity for PTB diagnosis. However, due to significant heterogeneity, such as heterogeneity in age, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-An Zhang
- Correspondence: Yan-An Zhang, BS, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, 46# Lishan Road, Jinan, 250013, PR China (); or Mao-Shui Wang, MS, Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, 46# Lishan Road, Jinan, 250013, PR China ()
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7
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Zolti O, Suganthan B, Ramasamy RP. Lab-on-a-Chip Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection: A Review of Common Standards and Recent Progress. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020215. [PMID: 36831981 PMCID: PMC9954316 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are an important diagnostic target for the food, beverage, and health care industries due to their prevalence and the adverse effects they can cause to public health, food safety, and the economy. The standards that determine whether a given type of food is fit for consumption are set by governments and must be taken into account when designing a new diagnostic tool such as a biosensor platform. In order to meet these stringent detection limits, cost, and reliability standards, recent research has been focused on developing lab-on-a-chip-based approaches for detection devices that use microfluidic channels and platforms. The microfluidics-based devices are designed, developed, and used in different ways to achieve the established common standards for food pathogen testing that enable high throughput, rapid detection, low sample volume, and minimal pretreatment procedures. Combining microfluidic approaches with electrochemical biosensing could offer affordable, portable, and easy to use devices for food pathogen diagnostics. This review presents an analysis of the established common standards and the recent progress made in electrochemical sensors toward the development of future lab-on-a-chip devices that will aid 'collection-to-detection' using a single method and platform.
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Seong H, Park J, Bae M, Shin S. Rapid and Efficient Extraction of Cell-Free DNA Using Homobifunctional Crosslinkers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081883. [PMID: 36009429 PMCID: PMC9405790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in circulating blood seven decades ago, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become a highly focused subject in cancer management using liquid biopsy. Despite its clinical utility, the extraction of cfDNA from blood has many technical difficulties, including a low efficiency of recovery and long processing times. We introduced a magnetic bead-based cfDNA extraction method using homobifunctional crosslinkers, including dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride (DMS). Owing to its bifunctional nature, DMS can bind to DNA through either covalent or electrostatic bonding. By adopting amine-conjugated magnetic beads, DMS–DNA complexes can be rapidly isolated from blood plasma. Using standard washing and eluting processes, we successfully extracted cfDNA from plasma within 10 min. This method yielded a 56% higher extraction efficiency than that of a commercial product (QIAamp kit). Furthermore, the instant binding mechanism of amine coupling between the microbeads and DMS–DNA complexes significantly reduced the processing time. These results highlight the potential of this magnetic bead-based homobifunctional crosslinker platform for extraction of cfDNA from blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeonAh Seong
- School of Mechanical engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Department of Micro-Nano Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minju Bae
- School of Mechanical engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sehyun Shin
- School of Mechanical engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Micro-Nano Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Engineering Research Center for Biofluid Biopsy, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-4506-2825
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Hot-Spot-Specific Probe (HSSP) for Rapid and Accurate Detection of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080597. [PMID: 36004993 PMCID: PMC9406089 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Detection of oncogene mutations has significance for early diagnosis, customized treatment, treatment progression, and drug resistance monitoring. Here, we introduce a rapid, sensitive, and specific mutation detection assay based on the hot-spot-specific probe (HSSP), with improved clinical utility compared to conventional technologies. We designed HSSP to recognize KRAS mutations in the DNA of colorectal cancer tissues (HSSP-G12D (GGT→GAT) and HSSP-G13D (GGC→GAC)) by integration with real-time PCR. During the PCR analysis, HSSP attaches to the target mutation sequence for interference with the amplification. Then, we determine the mutation detection efficiency by calculating the difference in the cycle threshold (Ct) values between HSSP-G12D and HSSP-G13D. The limit of detection to detect KRAS mutations (G12D and G13D) was 5–10% of the mutant allele in wild-type populations. This is superior to the conventional methods (≥30% mutant allele). In addition, this technology takes a short time (less than 1.5 h), and the cost of one sample is as low as USD 2. We verified clinical utility using 69 tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the HSSP assay were higher (84% for G12D and 92% for G13D) compared to the direct sequencing assay (80%). Therefore, HSSP, in combination with real-time PCR, provides a rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and low-cost assay for detecting cancer-related mutations. Compared to the gold standard methods such as NGS, this technique shows the possibility of the field application of rapid mutation detection and may be useful in a variety of applications, such as customized treatment and cancer monitoring.
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10
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Kang YA, Koo B, Kim OH, Park JH, Kim HC, Lee HJ, Kim MG, Jang Y, Kim NH, Koo YS, Shin Y, Lee SW, Kim SH. Gene-Based Diagnosis of Tuberculosis from Oral Swabs with a New Generation Pathogen Enrichment Technique. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0020722. [PMID: 35587206 PMCID: PMC9241603 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00207-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive diagnosis is crucial for the management of tuberculosis (TB). A simple and label-free approach via homobifunctional imidoesters with a microfluidic platform (SLIM) assay showed a higher sensitivity than the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the SLIM assay for oral swab samples from cases of suspected PTB. Patients with clinically suspected PTB were prospectively enrolled and oral swab samples were processed using the SLIM assay and the attending physicians were blinded to the results of the SLIM assay. TB cases were defined as those treated with anti-TB chemotherapy for at least 6 months at the discretion of the specialists based on their clinical features and conventional laboratory results, including the Xpert assay. A total of 272 patients (with TB, n = 128 [47.1%]; without TB, n = 144 [52.9%]; mean age, 59.8 years) were enrolled. Overall, the sensitivity of the oral swab-based SLIM assay (65.6%) was higher than that of the sputum-based Xpert assay (43.4%; P = 0.001). Specifically, the SLIM oral swab assay showed a notably higher sensitivity in culture-negative TB cases compared with the Xpert assay (69.0% [95% CI: 49.2 to 84.7%] versus 7.4% [95% CI: 0.9 to 24.3%]; P = 0.001). The specificity of the SLIM and the Xpert assays was 86.1% (95% CI: 79.3 to 91.3%) and 100% (95% CI: 97.2 to 100%), respectively. When only culture-confirmed cases were analyzed, the SLIM oral swab was comparable to sputum Xpert in sensitivity (64.7% versus 54.3%, P = 0.26). The oral swab-based SLIM assay showed a superior sensitivity for TB diagnosis over the sputum-based Xpert assay, especially for culture-negative cases. IMPORTANCE The development of a rapid, accessible, and highly sensitive diagnostic tool is a major challenge in the control and management of tuberculosis. Gene-based diagnostics is recommended for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), but its sensitivity, such as Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert), drops in cases with a low bacterial load. It can only be applied to sputum samples, and it is quite difficult for some patients to produce an adequate amount of sputum. We evaluated the clinical validity of an oral swab-based microfluidic system, i.e., the SLIM assay. The SLIM assay showed a significantly higher sensitivity than the Xpert assay, especially in smear-negative TB cases. This non-sputum-based SLIM assay can be a useful diagnostic test by overcoming the limitations of conventional sputum-based tests in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Disease, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ock-Hwa Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Ha Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Jang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seo Koo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Wang B, Park B. Microfluidic Sampling and Biosensing Systems for Foodborne Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:359-375. [PMID: 35713922 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments of portable biosensors for field-deployable detections have been increasingly important to control foodborne pathogens in regulatory environment and in early stage of outbreaks. Conventional cultivation and gene amplification methods require sophisticated instruments and highly skilled professionals; while portable biosensing devices provide more freedom for rapid detections not only in research laboratories but also in the field; however, their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Microfluidic methods have the advantage of miniaturizing instrumental size while integrating multiple functions and high-throughput capability into one streamlined system at low cost. Minimal sample consumption is another advantage to detect samples in different sizes and concentrations, which is important for the close monitoring of pathogens at consumer end. They improve measurement or manipulation of bacteria by increasing the ratio of functional interface of the device to the targeted biospecies and in turn reducing background interference. This article introduces the major active and passive microfluidic devices that have been used for bacteria sampling and biosensing. The emphasis is on particle-based sorting/enrichment methods with or without external physical fields applied to the microfluidic devices and on various biosensing applications reported for bacteria sampling. Three major fabrication methods for microfluidics are briefly discussed with their advantages and limitations. The applications of these active and passive microfluidic sampling methods in the past 5 years have been summarized, with the focus on Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The current challenges to microfluidic bacteria sampling are caused by the small size and nonspherical shape of various bacterial cells, which can induce unpredictable deviations in sampling and biosensing processes. Future studies are needed to develop rapid prototyping methods for device manufacturing, which can facilitate rapid response to various foodborne pathogen outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bosoon Park
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
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12
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Zhou X, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Liu Q. A rapid and label-free platform for virus enrichment based on electrostatic microfluidics. Talanta 2021; 242:122989. [PMID: 35189409 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Virus surveillance and discovery are crucial for virus prediction and outbreak preparedness. Virus samples are frequently bulky and complicated so that effective virus detection remain challenging. Herein, we develop an 3D electrostatic microfluidic platform to rapidly and label-free enrich viruses from bulky samples at low concentrations. The platform consists of double microchannels for streamlining large volume processing and electrodes for enriching viruses by electrostatic interaction. The trajectories of simulation show that particle is successfully enriched under different forces of electrostatic field and different sample flow rates. We demonstrate that the electrostatic microfluidic platform can increase the limit of detection in 100-fold higher based on real-time PCR quantified analysis. Our design thus provides a simple, rapid, label-free and high-throughput viruses concentration platform and would thus have significant utility for various viral detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Zhanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Libo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Quanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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13
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Park JH, Koo B, Kim MJ, Lee HJ, Cha HH, Kim JY, Lee SW, Shin Y, Kim SH. Utility of plasma cell-free DNA detection using homobifunctional imidoesters using a microfluidic system for diagnosing active tuberculosis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 54:46-52. [PMID: 34405761 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1963839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), particularly sputum-scarce pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB, using conventional diagnostic tests. Since these cases require additional invasive procedures to obtain appropriate specimens, new non-invasive diagnostic tests are needed. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) detection has gained interest as a novel diagnostic test for TB as it is convenient and less invasive. Therefore, we investigated the performance of enriched cfDNA for diagnosing pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB. METHODS All patients suspected to have TB, who consented to the use of blood for detecting cfDNA, were prospectively enrolled from January 2019 to June 2020. We categorised the patients as confirmed, probable, possible TB, and not-TB. We compared the performance of cfDNA with those of conventional diagnostic tests. RESULTS Among the 96 patients enrolled, 40 (41.7%) had TB, including 34 with confirmed TB and six probable TB, and 41 (42.7%) did not have TB. Acid-fast bacilli microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mycobacterial culture results were positive in 12 (31.6%), 22 (61.1%), and 25 (65.8%) patients, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA were 80.0% and 78.1%, respectively. While the sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA were similar to those of interferon-gamma releasing assay (IGRA) (sensitivity 80.6% and specificity 71.4%), the combined sensitivity and specificity of the two assays were 94.4% and 64.3%, respectively, which can be used to rule out TB. CONCLUSIONS Plasma cfDNA assay seems to be a useful adjunct to the current tests for diagnosing TB, especially when used in combination with IGRA for ruling out TB.AbbreviationsTBtuberculosiscfDNAcell-free DNAPCRpolymerase chain reactionAFBacid-fast bacilliIGRAinterferon-gamma releasing assayCTcomputed tomographyHIVhuman immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Ha Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chung-Ang Medical Health Care System Hyundae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Hee Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Paul R, Ostermann E, Wei Q. Advances in point-of-care nucleic acid extraction technologies for rapid diagnosis of human and plant diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112592. [PMID: 32942143 PMCID: PMC7476893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global health and food security constantly face the challenge of emerging human and plant diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens. Disease outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Swine Flu, Ebola, and COVID-19 (on-going) have caused suffering, death, and economic losses worldwide. To prevent the spread of disease and protect human populations, rapid point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnosis of human and plant diseases play an increasingly crucial role. Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnosis reveals valuable information at the genomic level about the identity of the disease-causing pathogens and their pathogenesis, which help researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients to detect the presence of pathogens, track the spread of disease, and guide treatment more efficiently. A typical nucleic acid-based diagnostic test consists of three major steps: nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and amplicon detection. Among these steps, nucleic acid extraction is the first step of sample preparation, which remains one of the main challenges when converting laboratory molecular assays into POC tests. Sample preparation from human and plant specimens is a time-consuming and multi-step process, which requires well-equipped laboratories and skilled lab personnel. To perform rapid molecular diagnosis in resource-limited settings, simpler and instrument-free nucleic acid extraction techniques are required to improve the speed of field detection with minimal human intervention. This review summarizes the recent advances in POC nucleic acid extraction technologies. In particular, this review focuses on novel devices or methods that have demonstrated applicability and robustness for the isolation of high-quality nucleic acid from complex raw samples, such as human blood, saliva, sputum, nasal swabs, urine, and plant tissues. The integration of these rapid nucleic acid preparation methods with miniaturized assay and sensor technologies would pave the road for the "sample-in-result-out" diagnosis of human and plant diseases, especially in remote or resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Emily Ostermann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Lee EY, Kim Y, Koo B, Noh GS, Lee H, Shin Y. A novel nucleic acid amplification system based on nano-gap embedded active disk resonators. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020. [PMID: 32501366 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nucleic acid based testing using bio-optical sensor approaches have been introduced but most are based on hybridization between the optical sensor and the bio-molecule and not on an amplification mechanism. Direct nucleic acid amplification on an optical sensor has several technical limitations, such as the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, instrument complexity, and high background signal. We here describe a novel nucleic acid amplification method based on a whispering gallery mode active resonator and discuss its potential molecular diagnostic application. By implanting nanoclusters as active compounds, this active resonator operates without tapered fiber coupling and emits a strong photoluminescence signal with low background in the wavelength of low absorption in an aqueous environment that is typical of biosensors. Our method also offers an extremely low detection threshold down to a single copy within 10 min due to the strong light-matter interaction in a nano-gap structure. We envision that this active resonator provides a high refractive index contrast for tight mode confinement with simple alignment as well as the possibility of reducing the device size so that a point-of-care system with low-cost, high-sensitivity and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Su Noh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansuek Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lee EY, Kim Y, Koo B, Noh GS, Lee H, Shin Y. A novel nucleic acid amplification system based on nano-gap embedded active disk resonators. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020. [PMID: 32501366 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nucleic acid based testing using bio-optical sensor approaches have been introduced but most are based on hybridization between the optical sensor and the bio-molecule and not on an amplification mechanism. Direct nucleic acid amplification on an optical sensor has several technical limitations, such as the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, instrument complexity, and high background signal. We here describe a novel nucleic acid amplification method based on a whispering gallery mode active resonator and discuss its potential molecular diagnostic application. By implanting nanoclusters as active compounds, this active resonator operates without tapered fiber coupling and emits a strong photoluminescence signal with low background in the wavelength of low absorption in an aqueous environment that is typical of biosensors. Our method also offers an extremely low detection threshold down to a single copy within 10 min due to the strong light-matter interaction in a nano-gap structure. We envision that this active resonator provides a high refractive index contrast for tight mode confinement with simple alignment as well as the possibility of reducing the device size so that a point-of-care system with low-cost, high-sensitivity and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Su Noh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansuek Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
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17
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Lee EY, Kim Y, Koo B, Noh GS, Lee H, Shin Y. A novel nucleic acid amplification system based on nano-gap embedded active disk resonators. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020; 320:128351. [PMID: 32501366 PMCID: PMC7250085 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nucleic acid based testing using bio-optical sensor approaches have been introduced but most are based on hybridization between the optical sensor and the bio-molecule and not on an amplification mechanism. Direct nucleic acid amplification on an optical sensor has several technical limitations, such as the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, instrument complexity, and high background signal. We here describe a novel nucleic acid amplification method based on a whispering gallery mode active resonator and discuss its potential molecular diagnostic application. By implanting nanoclusters as active compounds, this active resonator operates without tapered fiber coupling and emits a strong photoluminescence signal with low background in the wavelength of low absorption in an aqueous environment that is typical of biosensors. Our method also offers an extremely low detection threshold down to a single copy within 10 min due to the strong light-matter interaction in a nano-gap structure. We envision that this active resonator provides a high refractive index contrast for tight mode confinement with simple alignment as well as the possibility of reducing the device size so that a point-of-care system with low-cost, high-sensitivity and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Su Noh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansuek Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lee EY, Kim Y, Koo B, Noh GS, Lee H, Shin Y. A novel nucleic acid amplification system based on nano-gap embedded active disk resonators. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2020; 320:128351. [PMID: 32501366 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nucleic acid based testing using bio-optical sensor approaches have been introduced but most are based on hybridization between the optical sensor and the bio-molecule and not on an amplification mechanism. Direct nucleic acid amplification on an optical sensor has several technical limitations, such as the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, instrument complexity, and high background signal. We here describe a novel nucleic acid amplification method based on a whispering gallery mode active resonator and discuss its potential molecular diagnostic application. By implanting nanoclusters as active compounds, this active resonator operates without tapered fiber coupling and emits a strong photoluminescence signal with low background in the wavelength of low absorption in an aqueous environment that is typical of biosensors. Our method also offers an extremely low detection threshold down to a single copy within 10 min due to the strong light-matter interaction in a nano-gap structure. We envision that this active resonator provides a high refractive index contrast for tight mode confinement with simple alignment as well as the possibility of reducing the device size so that a point-of-care system with low-cost, high-sensitivity and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Su Noh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansuek Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
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Jin CE, Koo B, Lee HJ, Park IJ, Kim SH, Shin Y. Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate-Based Helix-Shaped Microchannels as Enhancers of Biomolecule Isolation from Liquid Biopsies. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11994-12001. [PMID: 32867489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of ultrasensitive diagnosis of biomolecules from liquid specimens are limited by problems during sample preparation steps, including enrichment and isolation of biomolecules. Here we report a novel platform combining bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS3) and helix-shaped microchannels (BSH) to change the sample preparation paradigm. This BSH system is composed of BS3 for pathogen enrichment and nucleic acid isolation by electrostatic and covalent interaction, and helix-shaped microchannels to minimize sample loss and remove bubbles in large liquid specimens without pH change. The system detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis following enrichment and isolation of 10 mL of liquefied sputum from 11 patients with tuberculosis. Moreover, the system identified KRAS mutations following cell-free DNA isolation of blood plasma from 10 patients with colorectal cancer. This system allows ultrasensitive diagnosis in various disease applications with large volumes of liquid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Eun Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Disease, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Xu H, Xia A, Wang D, Zhang Y, Deng S, Lu W, Luo J, Zhong Q, Zhang F, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang Y, Yang C, Chang K, Fu W, Cui J, Gan M, Luo D, Chen M. An ultraportable and versatile point-of-care DNA testing platform. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7445. [PMID: 32426466 PMCID: PMC7176422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has broad applications in resource-limited settings. Here, a POCT platform termed POCKET (point-of-care kit for the entire test) is demonstrated that is ultraportable and versatile for analyzing multiple types of DNA in different fields in a sample-to-answer manner. The POCKET is less than 100 g and smaller than 25 cm in length. The kit consists of an integrated chip (i-chip) and a foldable box (f-box). The i-chip integrates the sample preparation with a previously unidentified, triple signal amplification. The f-box uses a smartphone as a heater, a signal detector, and a result readout. We detected different types of DNA from clinics to environment to food to agriculture. The detection is sensitive (<103 copies/ml), specific (single-base differentiation), speedy (<2 hours), and stable (>10 weeks shelf life). This inexpensive, ultraportable POCKET platform may become a versatile sample-to-answer platform for clinical diagnostics, food safety, agricultural protection, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Anyue Xia
- First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shaoli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 954th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xizang 856000, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Mingzhe Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Corresponding author. (M.C.); (D.L.); (M.G.); (J.C.)
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21
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Lee SW, Kang YA, Jin CE, Kim HC, Noh GS, Lee HJ, Park JH, Koo YS, Shin Y, Kim SH. Gene-based diagnosis of tuberculosis with a new-generation pathogen enrichment technique. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01885-2019. [PMID: 31806710 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01885-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sei Won Lee
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medic1al Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this study as first authors
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this study as first authors
| | - Choong Eun Jin
- Dept of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this study as first authors
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medic1al Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Su Noh
- Dept of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Dept of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Ha Park
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seo Koo
- Dept of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Dept of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea .,These authors contributed equally to this study
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22
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A robust, hand-powered, instrument-free sample preparation system for point-of-care pathogen detection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16374. [PMID: 31705044 PMCID: PMC6841715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a simple, universal protocol for use in nucleic acid testing-based pathogen diagnostics, which requires only hand-powered sample preparation, including the processes of pathogen enrichment and nucleic acid isolation. The protocol uses low-cost amine-functionalized diatomaceous earth with a 1-μm Teflon filter as a reaction matrix in both stages of the process, using homobifunctional imidoesters. Using a simple syringe as a pump, the capture efficiency for a large sample volume (<50 mL) was enhanced by up to 98.3%, and the detection limit was 1 CFU/mL, 100-fold better than that of common commercial nucleic acid isolation kit. This protocol can also be combined with commercialized 96-well filter plates for robust sample preparation. Our proposed system is robust, simple, low-cost, universal, and rapid (taking <20 min), and it works regardless of the ambient environment and sample pretreatment, requiring no electricity or instruments. Its benefits include the simplicity of producing its components and its ease of operation, and it can be readily integrated with other assays for point-of-care diagnostics.
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23
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Detection of Coxiella burnetii Using Silicon Microring Resonator in Patient Blood Plasma. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10070427. [PMID: 31252533 PMCID: PMC6680664 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood plasma from patients is a powerful resource for diagnosing infectious disease due to it having many genetic materials as well as being relatively easy to obtain. Thus, various biosensors have been investigated for diagnosing diseases in blood plasma. However, there are no optimized and validated sensors for clinical use due to the low sensitivity, complexity, and difficulties of removing the inhibitors from plasma samples. In this study, we described a silicon microring resonator sensor used to detect Coxiella burnetii from the blood plasma of Q-fever patients in a label-free, real-time manner. Q-fever is an infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii via direct contact or inhalation aerosols. We validated this biosensor in the blood plasma of 35 clinical samples (including 16 Q fever samples infected with Coxiella burnetii and 19 samples infected with other febrile diseases. The biosensors are capable of rapid (10 min), highly sensitive (87.5%), and specific (89.5%) detection in plasma samples compared to the use of the conventional method.
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24
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Jang YO, Jin CE, Choi EH, Shin JH, Kweon J, Koo B, Lim SB, Lee SW, Shin Y. A homobifunctional imidoester-based microfluidic system for simultaneous DNA and protein isolation from solid or liquid biopsy samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2256-2264. [PMID: 31173022 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of bio-molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids is a necessary step for both diagnostic and analytical processes in the broad fields of research and clinical applications. Although a myriad of isolation technologies have been developed, a method for simultaneous protein and nucleic acid isolation has not been explored for clinical use. Obtaining samples from certain cancers or rare diseases can be difficult. In addition, the heterogeneity of cancer tissues typically leads to inconsistent results when analyzing biomolecules. We here describe a homobifunctional imidoester (HI)-based microfluidic system for simultaneous DNA and protein isolation from either a solid or liquid single biopsy sample. An efficient and cost effective microfluidic design with less air bubbles was identified among several candidates using simulation and experimental results from the streamlining of isolation processing. HI groups were used as capture reagents for the simultaneous isolation of bio-molecules from a single specimen in a single microfluidic system. The clinical utility of this system for the simultaneous isolation of DNA and proteins within 40 min was validated in cancer cell lines and 23 tissue biopsies from colorectal cancer patients. The quantity of isolated protein and DNA was high using this system compared to the spin-column method. This HI-based microfluidic system shows good rapidity, affordability, and portability in the isolation of bio-molecules from limited samples for subsequent clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Jeong SW, Park YM, Jo SH, Lee SJ, Kim YT, Lee KG. Smartphone operable centrifugal system (SOCS) for on-site DNA extraction from foodborne bacterial pathogen. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:034111. [PMID: 31149321 PMCID: PMC6531255 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The on-site recovery of nucleic acid from foodborne bacteria is in high demand to further understand on-site molecular diagnosis, which is especially applicable in developing countries. Here, we first proposed a smartphone operable centrifugal system (SOCS) for nucleic acid extraction with the assistance of a low power consumable motor and hydrogel beads. The SOCS consists of a centrifugal motor, 3D-printed cartridge, a nucleic acid collection column, and a smartphone. The SOCS shows excellent DNA extraction performance within 6 min, and it can operate more than 100 times using a smartphone. The purified effluent DNA was accumulated in the nucleic acid collection column. The performance of the SOCS was confirmed by amplifying the recovered DNA from Escherichia coli O157:H7. Moreover, the artificially inoculated food and blood samples also confirmed the performance of SOCS. The proposed SOCS provides an on-site operable nucleic acid separation platform in terms of simplicity, easy usability, cost-effectiveness, and portability in pathogenic point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Woo Jeong
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yoo Min Park
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jo
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do 15073, South Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:, Fax: +82-31-8041-0629 and
, Fax: +82-42-366-1990
| | - Kyoung G. Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:, Fax: +82-31-8041-0629 and
, Fax: +82-42-366-1990
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26
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A Simple Microfluidic Assay for Diagnosing Tuberculous Meningitis in HIV-Uninfected Patients. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01975-18. [PMID: 30814264 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01975-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a simple and label-free pathogen enrichment method using homobifunctional imidoesters (HI) and a microfluidic system, called the SLIM assay, followed by real-time PCR from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Patients with suspected TBM were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary hospital in an intermediate tuberculosis (TB)-burden country during a 30-month period. TBM was classified according to the uniform case definition. Definite and probable TBM were regarded as the reference standards for TBM, and possible TBM and not-TBM as the reference standards for not-TBM. Of 72 HIV-uninfected patients with suspected TBM, 10 were diagnosed with definite (n = 2) and probable (n = 8) TBM by the uniform case definition. The sensitivity of the SLIM assay was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69 to 100%) compared with definite or probable TBM, and it was superior to those of mycobacterial culture (20% [95% CI, 3 to 56%]) and the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (0% [95% CI, 0 to 31%]). Of 21 possible TBM and 41 not-TBM patients by the uniform case definition, 5 possible TBM and no not-TBM patients gave positive results in the SLIM assay. The specificity of the SLIM assay was 92% (95% CI, 82 to 97%; 5/62). We demonstrated that the SLIM assay had a very high sensitivity and specificity with small samples of 10 cases of definite or probable TBM. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and to compare the SLIM assay with mycobacterial culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays in a larger prospective cohort of patients with suspected TBM, including both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected cases.
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27
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Liu H, Noh GS, Luan Y, Qiao Z, Koo B, Jang YO, Shin Y. A Sample Preparation Technique Using Biocompatible Composites for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E1321. [PMID: 30987247 PMCID: PMC6479572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, especially pathogenic infections, are a growing threat to public health worldwide. Since pathogenic bacteria usually exist in complex matrices at very low concentrations, the development of technology for rapid, convenient, and biocompatible sample enrichment is essential for sensitive diagnostics. In this study, a cucurbit[6]uril (CB) supermolecular decorated amine-functionalized diatom (DA) composite was fabricated to support efficient sample enrichment and in situ nucleic acid preparation from enriched pathogens and cells. CB was introduced to enhance the rate and effectiveness of pathogen absorption using the CB-DA composite. This novel CB-DA composite achieved a capture efficiency of approximately 90% at an Escherichia coli concentration of 10⁶ CFU/mL within 3 min. Real-time PCR analyses of DNA samples recovered using the CB-DA enrichment system showed a four-fold increase in the early amplification signal strength, and this effective method for capturing nucleic acid might be useful for preparing samples for diagnostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Geun Su Noh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Yange Luan
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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28
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Ilea A, Andrei V, Feurdean CN, Băbțan AM, Petrescu NB, Câmpian RS, Boșca AB, Ciui B, Tertiș M, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. Saliva, a Magic Biofluid Available for Multilevel Assessment and a Mirror of General Health-A Systematic Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010027. [PMID: 30769890 PMCID: PMC6468816 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Saliva has been recently proposed as an alternative to classic biofluid analyses due to both availability and reliability regarding the evaluation of various biomarkers. Biosensors have been designed for the assessment of a wide spectrum of compounds, aiding in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of pathologies and treatment efficiency. This literature review aims to present the development in the biosensors research and their utility using salivary assessment. Methods: a comprehensive literature search has been conducted in the PubMed database, using the keywords “saliva” and “sensor”. A two-step paper selection algorithm was devised and applied. Results: The 49 papers selected for the present review focused on assessing the salivary biomarkers used in general diseases, oral pathologies, and pharmacology. The biosensors proved to be reliable tools for measuring the salivary levels of biochemical metabolic compounds such as glucose, proteinases and proteins, heavy metals and various chemical compounds, microorganisms, oncology markers, drugs, and neurotransmitters. Conclusions: Saliva is a biofluid with a significant clinical applicability for the evaluation and monitoring of a patient’s general health. Biosensors designed for assessing a wide range of salivary biomarkers are emerging as promising diagnostic or screening tools for improving the patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Ilea
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vlad Andrei
- DMD, Rezident doctor in Periodontology, Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Claudia Nicoleta Feurdean
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Anida-Maria Băbțan
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nausica Bianca Petrescu
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Radu Septimiu Câmpian
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adina Bianca Boșca
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, 400349 Cluj, Romania.
| | - Bianca Ciui
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Tertiș
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj, Romania.
| | - Robert Săndulescu
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj, Romania.
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj, Romania.
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29
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Kim Y, Lee J, Park S. A 3D-Printed Millifluidic Platform Enabling Bacterial Preconcentration and DNA Purification for Molecular Detection of Pathogens in Blood. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9090472. [PMID: 30424405 PMCID: PMC6187281 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular detection of pathogens in clinical samples often requires pretreatment techniques, including immunomagnetic separation and magnetic silica-bead-based DNA purification to obtain the purified DNA of pathogens. These two techniques usually rely on handling small tubes containing a few millilitres of the sample and manual operation, implying that an automated system encompassing both techniques is needed for larger quantities of the samples. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D)-printed millifluidic platform that enables bacterial preconcentration and genomic DNA (gDNA) purification for improving the molecular detection of target pathogens in blood samples. The device consists of two millichannels and one chamber, which can be used to preconcentrate pathogens bound to antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (Ab-MNPs) and subsequently extract gDNA using magnetic silica beads (MSBs) in a sequential manner. The platform was able to preconcentrate very low concentrations (1–1000 colony forming units (CFU)) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and extract their genomic DNA in 10 mL of buffer and 10% blood within 30 min. The performance of the platform was verified by detecting as low as 1 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 in 10% blood using either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with post gel electrophoresis or quantitative PCR. The results suggest that the 3D-printed millifluidic platform is highly useful for lowering the limitations on molecular detection in blood by preconcentrating the target pathogen and isolating its DNA in a large volume of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jinyeop Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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