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Li Z, Huang L, Cheng L, Guo W, Ye R. Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Sensors in Health Monitoring: Progress, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400118. [PMID: 38597770 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The rising global population and improved living standards have led to an alarming increase in non-communicable diseases, notably cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, posing a severe threat to human health. Wearable sensing devices, utilizing micro-sensing technology for real-time monitoring, have emerged as promising tools for disease prevention. Among various sensing platforms, graphene-based sensors have shown exceptional performance in the field of micro-sensing. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology, a cost-effective and facile method for graphene preparation, has gained particular attention. By converting polymer films directly into patterned graphene materials at ambient temperature and pressure, LIG offers a convenient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods, opening up innovative possibilities for electronic device fabrication. Integrating LIG-based sensors into health monitoring systems holds the potential to revolutionize health management. To commemorate the tenth anniversary of the discovery of LIG, this work provides a comprehensive overview of LIG's evolution and the progress of LIG-based sensors. Delving into the diverse sensing mechanisms of LIG-based sensors, recent research advances in the domain of health monitoring are explored. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges associated with LIG-based sensors in health monitoring are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Libei Huang
- Division of Science, Engineering and Health Study, School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU SPEED), Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Yen YK, Huang GW, Shanmugam R. Laser-scribing graphene-based electrochemical biosensing devices for simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 266:125096. [PMID: 37651909 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a graphene electrochemical sensor based on laser graphene polymer material was proposed to induce graphene formation on polyimide substrates via fiber laser. The laser produces stable power and results to achieve the benefits of consistency, conductivity, and flexibility. The electrochemical three-electrodes were manufactured on polyimide to replace the traditional three-electrodes by achieving small size and portability. An electrode activation is the modification of laser-scribed graphene electrodes (LSG) to facilitate the binding of liver cancer sites. The evaluation is performed by differential pulse Voltammetry (DPV) to detect cancer proteins in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) buffer and serum. In a serum environment, the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were detected from 0.75 ng ml-1 to 100 ng ml-1, AFP and CEA electrodes have a good linear range (R2 = 0.96 and R2 = 0.98), indicating the sensor's sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection. In addition, two types of carcinogenic proteins were monitored in the PBS and successfully detected in this experiment. Based on the results, the appropriate LSG sensor may be used for monitoring with limited resources. Electrode manufacturing is simple, fast, low-cost, small in size, convenient to carry, stable, instant detection, and flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kuang Yen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Wei Huang
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, 30078, Taiwan
| | - Ragurethinam Shanmugam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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3
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Huang L, Zhang C, Ye R, Yan B, Zhou X, Xu W, Guo J. Capacitive biosensors for label-free and ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 266:124951. [PMID: 37487266 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive biosensors are label-free capacitors that can detect biomarkers with the outstanding advantages of simplicity, low cost, and ultrahigh sensitivity. A typical capacitive biosensor consists of a bioreceptor and a transducer, where the bioreceptor captures the biomarker to form a bioreceptor/biomarker conjugate and the transducer generates a detectable signal. In general, antibodies, aptamers, or proteins are exploited as the bioreceptor, while various electrodes including carbon electrodes (CEs), gold electrodes (AuEs), or interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) may serve as the transducer. Because the formation of bioreceptor/biomarker conjugates often leads to a change in capacitance, the capacitive signal is then employed for biomarker detection. This review summarizes recent advances in capacitive biosensors for the detection of biomarkers over the last five years. With a focus on the three common types of bioreceptors, i.e., antibodies, aptamers, and proteins, capacitive biosensors using CEs, AuEs, and IDEs as the transducers are discussed in detail. The immobilization of bioreceptors and signal amplification strategies are described to provide a robust overview of capacitive biosensors for biomarker detection. In addition, analytical methods and future prospects are given to support the application of capacitive biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
| | - Run Ye
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojia Zhou
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Guo J, Zhao M, Chen C, Wang F, Chen Z. A laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical immunosensor for nucleic acid methylation detection. Analyst 2023; 149:137-147. [PMID: 37986634 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01628e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The detection of methylation in DNA and RNA is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases. A one-step fabricated laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode has received increasing attention due to its good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, ease of miniaturization, low cost and flexibility. Herein, a potential biosensor for N6-methyladenosine (m6A-RNA) and 5-methylcystosine-single strand DNA (5mC-ssDNA) detection was designed. The aim of this paper is to address the problem of detecting the m6A-RNA and 5mC-ssDNA content in cells. By stepwise modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), sulfhydryl-modified nucleic acid chains, biotin-modified antibodies, and streptavidin-modified horseradish peroxidase (SA-HRP) at the LIG electrode, the peak current responses exhibited an increase proportional to the concentration of m6A-RNA and 5mC-ssDNA in the hydrogen peroxide-hydroquinone (H2O2-HQ) system. This method demonstrated a low detection limit of 2.81 pM for m6A-RNA and 9.53 pM for 5mC-ssDNA, with a linear detection range of 0.01 nM to 10 nM for both targets. The regression equation was determined as ΔI = 4.83 log c + 12.32 (R2 = 0.9980) for m6A-RNA and ΔI = 9.82 log c + 22.09 (R2 = 0.9903) for 5mC-ssDNA. Our method has good selectivity toward different detection targets of nucleic acid chains, stability for long-term storage and consecutive scanning (RSD of 9.42% and 2.08%, respectively) and reproducibility of 5 electrodes (RSD of 6.85%). This method utilizes gold-sulfur bonding to immobilize the detection target, which improves the conductivity of the LIG electrode and introduces an amplified portion of the signal by taking advantage of antigen-antibody specific binding. Thus, dual detection of m6A-RNA and 5mC-ssDNA was realized. Importantly, this approach is successfully applied for the detection of targets in spiked samples extracted from HeLa cells, suggesting its potential for clinical applications and providing a new perspective for the development of point-of care testing (POCT) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zilin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Joo S, Han JY, Seo S, Kim JH. Patterning Techniques in Coplanar Micro/Nano Capacitive Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2034. [PMID: 38004891 PMCID: PMC10672816 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technological advancements have led to increased demands for sensors. Hence, high performance suitable for next-generation technology is required. As sensing technology has numerous applications, various materials and patterning methods are used for sensor fabrication. This affects the characteristics and performance of sensors, and research centered specifically on these patterns is necessary for high integration and high performance of these devices. In this paper, we review the patterning techniques used in recently reported sensors, specifically the most widely used capacitive sensors, and their impact on sensor performance. Moreover, we introduce a method for increasing sensor performance through three-dimensional (3D) structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soonmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Hyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Zhao N, Zhang H, Yang S, Sun Y, Zhao G, Fan W, Yan Z, Lin J, Wan C. Direct Induction of Porous Graphene from Mechanically Strong and Waterproof Biopaper for On-Chip Multifunctional Flexible Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300242. [PMID: 37381614 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene with a 3D porous structure is directly laser-induced on lignocellulosic biopaper under ambient conditions and is further explored for multifunctional biomass-based flexible electronics. The mechanically strong, flexible, and waterproof biopaper is fabricated by surface-functionalizing cellulose with lignin-based epoxy acrylate (LBEA). This composite biopaper shows as high as a threefold increase in tensile strength and excellent waterproofing compared with pure cellulose one. Direct laser writing (DLW) rapidly induces porous graphene from the biopaper in a single step. The porous graphene shows an interconnected carbon network, well-defined graphene domains, and high electrical conductivity (e.g., ≈3 Ω per square), which can be tuned by lignin precursors and loadings as well as lasing conditions. The biopaper in situ embedded with porous graphene is facilely fabricated into flexible electronics for on-chip and paper-based applications. The biopaper-based electronic devices, including the all-solid-state planer supercapacitor, electrochemical and strain biosensors, and Joule heater, show great performances. This study demonstrates the facile, versatile, and low-cost fabrication of multifunctional graphene-based electronics from lignocellulose-based biopaper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Blvd, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yisheng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ganggang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, 416 South 6th Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Wenjun Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, 416 South 6th Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, 416 South 6th Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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7
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McLamore ES, Datta SPA. A Connected World: System-Level Support Through Biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:285-309. [PMID: 37018797 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-100322-040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of protecting the health of future generations is a blueprint for future biosensor design. Systems-level decision support requires that biosensors provide meaningful service to society. In this review, we summarize recent developments in cyber physical systems and biosensors connected with decision support. We identify key processes and practices that may guide the establishment of connections between user needs and biosensor engineering using an informatics approach. We call for data science and decision science to be formally connected with sensor science for understanding system complexity and realizing the ambition of biosensors-as-a-service. This review calls for a focus on quality of service early in the design process as a means to improve the meaningful value of a given biosensor. We close by noting that technology development, including biosensors and decision support systems, is a cautionary tale. The economics of scale govern the success, or failure, of any biosensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S McLamore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA;
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shoumen P A Datta
- MIT Auto-ID Labs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Device (MDPnP) Interoperability and Cybersecurity Labs, Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Aslan Y, Atabay M, Chowdhury HK, Göktürk I, Saylan Y, Inci F. Aptamer-Based Point-of-Care Devices: Emerging Technologies and Integration of Computational Methods. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050569. [PMID: 37232930 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent innovations in point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies have paved a critical road for the improved application of biomedicine through the deployment of accurate and affordable programs into resource-scarce settings. The utilization of antibodies as a bio-recognition element in POC devices is currently limited due to obstacles associated with cost and production, impeding its widespread adoption. One promising alternative, on the other hand, is aptamer integration, i.e., short sequences of single-stranded DNA and RNA structures. The advantageous properties of these molecules are as follows: small molecular size, amenability to chemical modification, low- or nonimmunogenic characteristics, and their reproducibility within a short generation time. The utilization of these aforementioned features is critical in developing sensitive and portable POC systems. Furthermore, the deficiencies related to past experimental efforts to improve biosensor schematics, including the design of biorecognition elements, can be tackled with the integration of computational tools. These complementary tools enable the prediction of the reliability and functionality of the molecular structure of aptamers. In this review, we have overviewed the usage of aptamers in the development of novel and portable POC devices, in addition to highlighting the insights that simulations and other computational methods can provide into the use of aptamer modeling for POC integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Aslan
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Maryam Atabay
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hussain Kawsar Chowdhury
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ilgım Göktürk
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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9
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One-step laser synthesis platinum nanostructured 3D porous graphene: A flexible dual-functional electrochemical biosensor for glucose and pH detection in human perspiration. Talanta 2023; 257:124362. [PMID: 36801557 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in the demand for wearable sensors for sweat glucose monitoring to facilitate diabetes management in a patient-friendly and non-invasive manner. To address this issue, the key challenge lies in the design of flexible sensors with high conductivity, miniaturized patterning, and environmental friendliness. Herein, we introduce a flexible electrochemical sensing system for glucose and pH detection based on one-step laser-scribed PtNPs nanostructured 3D porous laser-scribed graphene (LSG). The as-prepared nanocomposites can synchronously possess hierarchical porous graphene architectures, whereas PtNPs can significantly enhance their sensitivity and electrocatalytic activity. Benefiting from these advantages, the fabricated Pt-HEC/LSG biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 69.64 μA mM-1 cm-2 as well as a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 μM at a detection range of 5-3000 μM (covering the glucose range in sweat). Moreover, the pH sensor was functionalized with polyaniline (PANI) on a Pt-HEC/LSG electrode, and it also exhibited high sensitivity (72.4 mV/pH) in the linear range of pH 4-8. The feasibility of the biosensor was confirmed by analyzing human perspiration during physical exercise. This dual-functional electrochemical biosensor displayed excellent performance, including a low detection limit, high selectivity, and great flexibility. These results confirm that the proposed dual-functional flexible electrode and fabrication process are highly promising for application in human sweat-based electrochemical glucose and pH sensors.
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10
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Zhou Q, Natarajan B, Kannan P. Nanostructured biosensing platforms for the detection of food- and water-borne pathogenic Escherichia coli. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04731-6. [PMID: 37169938 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the principal causes affecting human health and ecosystems. The accurate identification of bacteria in food and water samples is of significant interests to maintain safety and health for humans. Culture-based tests are practically tedious and may produce false-positive results, while viable but non-culturable microorganisms (NCMs) cannot be retrieved. Thus, it requires fast, reliable, and low-cost detection strategies for on-field analysis and point-of-care (POC) monitoring. The standard detection methods such as nucleic acid analysis (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are still challenging in POC practice due to their time-consuming (several hours to days) and expensive laboratory operations. The optical (surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)) and electrochemical-based detection of microbes (early stage of infective diseases) have been considered as alternative routes in the emerging world of nanostructured biosensing since they can attain a faster and concurrent screening of several pathogens in real samples. Moreover, optical and electrochemical detection strategies are opening a new route for the ability of detecting pathogens through the integration of cellphones, which is well fitted for POC analysis. This review article covers the current state of sensitive mechanistic approaches for the screening and detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) pathogens in food and water samples, which can be potentially applied in clinical and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bharathi Natarajan
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Palanisamy Kannan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wanjari VP, Reddy AS, Duttagupta SP, Singh SP. Laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for environmental applications: a perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42643-42657. [PMID: 35622288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are miniaturized devices that provide the advantage of in situ and point-of-care monitoring of analytes of interest. Electrochemical biosensors use the mechanism of oxidation-reduction reactions and measurement of corresponding electron transfer as changes in current, voltage, or other parameters using different electrochemical techniques. The use of electrochemically active materials is critical for the effective functioning of electrochemical biosensors. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has garnered increasing interest in biosensor development and improvement due to its high electrical conductivity, specific surface area, and simple and scalable fabrication process. The effort of this perspective is to understand the existing classes of analytes and the mechanisms of their detection using LIG-based biosensors. The manuscript has highlighted the potential use of LIG, its modifications, and its use with various receptors for sensing various environmental pollutants. Although the conventional graphene-based sensors effectively detect trace levels for many analytes in different applications, the chemical and energy-intensive fabrication and time-consuming processes make it imperative to explore a low-cost and scalable option such as LIG for biosensors production. The focus of these potential biosensors has been kept on detection analytes of environmental significance such as heavy metals ions, organic and inorganic compounds, fertilizers, pesticides, pathogens, and antibiotics. The use of LIG directly as an electrode, its modifications with nanomaterials and polymers, and its combination with bioreceptors such as aptamers and polymers has been summarized. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis has also been done to understand the viability of incorporating LIG-based electrochemical biosensors for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram P Wanjari
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - A Sudharshan Reddy
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhartha P Duttagupta
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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12
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Velasco A, Ryu YK, Hamada A, de Andrés A, Calle F, Martinez J. Laser-Induced Graphene Microsupercapacitors: Structure, Quality, and Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050788. [PMID: 36903673 PMCID: PMC10005378 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a graphenic material synthesized from a polymeric substrate through point-by-point laser pyrolysis. It is a fast and cost-effective technique, and it is ideal for flexible electronics and energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors. However, the miniaturization of the thicknesses of the devices, which is important for these applications, has still not been fully explored. Therefore, this work presents an optimized set of laser conditions to fabricate high-quality LIG microsupercapacitors (MSC) from 60 µm thick polyimide substrates. This is achieved by correlating their structural morphology, material quality, and electrochemical performance. The fabricated devices show a high capacitance of 22.2 mF/cm2 at 0.05 mA/cm2, as well as energy and power densities comparable to those of similar devices that are hybridized with pseudocapacitive elements. The performed structural characterization confirms that the LIG material is composed of high-quality multilayer graphene nanoflakes with good structural continuity and an optimal porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Velasco
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu Kyoung Ryu
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Assia Hamada
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia de Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Calle
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Profesor Aranguren s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (J.M.)
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13
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Park G, Park H, Park SC, Jang M, Yoon J, Ahn JH, Lee T. Recent Developments in DNA-Nanotechnology-Powered Biosensors for Zika/Dengue Virus Molecular Diagnostics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:361. [PMID: 36678114 PMCID: PMC9864780 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are highly contagious and lethal mosquito-borne viruses. Global warming is steadily increasing the probability of ZIKV and DENV infection, and accurate diagnosis is required to control viral infections worldwide. Recently, research on biosensors for the accurate diagnosis of ZIKV and DENV has been actively conducted. Moreover, biosensor research using DNA nanotechnology is also increasing, and has many advantages compared to the existing diagnostic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As a bioreceptor, DNA can easily introduce a functional group at the 5' or 3' end, and can also be used as a folded structure, such as a DNA aptamer and DNAzyme. Instead of using ZIKV and DENV antibodies, a bioreceptor that specifically binds to viral proteins or nucleic acids has been fabricated and introduced using DNA nanotechnology. Technologies for detecting ZIKV and DENV can be broadly divided into electrochemical, electrical, and optical. In this review, advances in DNA-nanotechnology-based ZIKV and DENV detection biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goeun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chan Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonbong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- TL Bioindustry, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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14
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Koyappayil A, Yagati AK, Lee MH. Recent Trends in Metal Nanoparticles Decorated 2D Materials for Electrochemical Biomarker Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010091. [PMID: 36671926 PMCID: PMC9855691 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Technological advancements in the healthcare sector have pushed for improved sensors and devices for disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, with the discovery of numerous biomarkers for various specific physiological conditions, early disease screening has become a possibility. Biomarkers are the body's early warning systems, which are indicators of a biological state that provides a standardized and precise way of evaluating the progression of disease or infection. Owing to the extremely low concentrations of various biomarkers in bodily fluids, signal amplification strategies have become crucial for the detection of biomarkers. Metal nanoparticles are commonly applied on 2D platforms to anchor antibodies and enhance the signals for electrochemical biomarker detection. In this context, this review will discuss the recent trends and advances in metal nanoparticle decorated 2D materials for electrochemical biomarker detection. The prospects, advantages, and limitations of this strategy also will be discussed in the concluding section of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min-Ho Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5503; Fax: +82-2-814-2651
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15
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Robin P, Gerber-Lemaire S. Design and Preparation of Sensing Surfaces for Capacitive Biodetection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:17. [PMID: 36671852 PMCID: PMC9856139 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite their high sensitivity and their suitability for miniaturization, biosensors are still limited for clinical applications due to the lack of reproducibility and specificity of their detection performance. The design and preparation of sensing surfaces are suspected to be a cause of these limitations. Here, we first present an updated overview of the current state of use of capacitive biosensors in a medical context. Then, we summarize the encountered strategies for the fabrication of capacitive biosensing surfaces. Finally, we describe the characteristics which govern the performance of the sensing surfaces, along with recent developments that were suggested to overcome their main current limitations.
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16
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Gerstl F, Pongkitdachoti U, Unob F, Baeumner AJ. Miniaturized sensor for electroanalytical and electrochemiluminescent detection of pathogens enabled through laser-induced graphene electrodes embedded in microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3721-3733. [PMID: 36043879 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00593j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High performance, laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes were integrated into adhesive tape-based microfluidic channels to realize both electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection approaches. This provides strategies for low limits of detection, simple hardware requirements and inexpensive fabrication, which are characteristics required for assays in the competitive point-of-care (POC) sensor field. Here, electrode design and microchannel dimensions were studied and a DNA hybridization assay with liposomes for signal amplification was developed for the specific detection of DNA derived from Cryptosporidium parvum as the model analyte. Liposomes entrapped either Ru(bpy)32+ or K4[Fe(CN)6] generating ECL- and EC-signal amplification, respectively. This new microchip provided all desirable analytical figures of merit needed for POC applications. Specifically, a desirable one-step assay was designed which provided a limit of detection of 3 pmol L-1 for the ECL and 47 pmol L-1 for the EC approach and furthermore enabled highly specific detection considering that at room temperature in this simple setup a single nucleotide polymorphism resulted in a signal decrease of 58%, whereas a decrease of > 98% was observed for non-matching sequences present in 10-fold excess. Direct detection in various matrices ranging from drinking water to soil extracts was also achieved. It is concluded that the simple and inexpensive fabrication in combination with signal amplification strategies makes these concepts relevant for on-site pathogen detection in resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gerstl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Uma Pongkitdachoti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Unob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Faradaic electrochemical impedimetric analysis on MoS2/Au-NPs decorated surface for C-reactive protein detection. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Cd2+ Detection Based on Prussian Blue-PEDOT-Loaded Laser-Scribed Graphene-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal ion pollution has had a serious influence on human health and the environment. Therefore, the monitoring of heavy metal ions is of great practical significance. In this work, we describe the development of an electrochemical sensor to detect cadmium (Cd2+) using a Prussian blue (PB), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT)-loaded laser-scribed graphene (LSG) nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In this nanocomposite material, we successfully brought together the advantages of an extraordinarily large surface area. The accumulation of PB nanoparticles results in an efficient electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity and fast detection ability, developed for the trace-level detection of Cd2+. Electrochemical features were explored via cyclic voltammetry (CV), whereas the stripping voltammetry behavior of modified electrodes was analyzed by utilizing differential pulse voltammetry. Compared with bare GCE, the LSG/PB-PEDOT/GCE modified electrode greatly increased the anodic stripping peak currents of Cd2+. Under the optimized conditions, the direct and facile detection of Cd2+ was achieved with a wide linear range (1 nM–10 µM) and a low LOD (0.85 nM).
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19
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Yap SHK, Pan J, Linh DV, Zhang X, Wang X, Teo WZ, Zamburg E, Tham CK, Yew WS, Poh CL, Thean AVY. Engineered Nucleotide Chemicapacitive Microsensor Array Augmented with Physics-Guided Machine Learning for High-Throughput Screening of Cannabidiol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107659. [PMID: 35521934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent legalization of cannabidiol (CBD) to treat neurological conditions such as epilepsy has sparked rising interest across global pharmaceuticals and synthetic biology industries to engineer microbes for sustainable synthetic production of medicinal CBD. Since the process involves screening large amounts of samples, the main challenge is often associated with the conventional screening platform that is time consuming, and laborious with high operating costs. Here, a portable, high-throughput Aptamer-based BioSenSing System (ABS3 ) is introduced for label-free, low-cost, fully automated, and highly accurate CBD concentrations' classification in a complex biological environment. The ABS3 comprises an array of interdigitated microelectrode sensors, each functionalized with different engineered aptamers. To further empower the functionality of the ABS3 , unique electrochemical features from each sensor are synergized using physics-guided multidimensional analysis. The capabilities of this ABS3 are demonstrated by achieving excellent CBD concentrations' classification with a high prediction accuracy of 99.98% and a fast testing time of 22 µs per testing sample using the optimized random forest (RF) model. It is foreseen that this approach will be the key to the realistic transformation from fundamental research to system miniaturization for diagnostics of disease biomarkers and drug development in the field of chemical/bioanalytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hui Kit Yap
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Dao Viet Linh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhe Teo
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Chen-Khong Tham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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20
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Madhuvilakku R, Yen YK, Yan WM, Huang GW. Laser-scribed Graphene Electrodes Functionalized with Nafion/Fe 3O 4 Nanohybrids for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Neurotoxin Drug Clioquinol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15936-15950. [PMID: 35571850 PMCID: PMC9096983 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of pharmaceutical active ingredients plays an important role in quality control and clinical trials because they have a significant physiological effect on the human body even at low concentrations. Herein, a flexible three-electrode system using laser-scribed graphene (LSG) technology, which consists of Nafion/Fe3O4 nanohybrids immobilized on LSG as the working electrode and LSG counter and reference electrodes on a single polyimide film, is presented. A Nafion/Fe3O4/LSG electrode is constructed by drop coating a solution of Nafion/Fe3O4, which is electrostatically self-assembled between positively charged Fe3O4 and negatively charged Nafion on the LSG electrode and is used for the first time to determine a neurotoxicity drug (clioquinol; CQL) in biological samples. Owing to their porous 3D structure, an enriched surface area at the active edges and polar groups (OH, COOH, and -SO3H) in Nafion/Fe3O4/LSG electrodes resulted in excellent wettability to facilitate electrolyte diffusion, which gave ∼twofold enhancement in electrocatalytic activity over LSG electrodes. The experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance were investigated. The quantification of clioquinol on the Nafion/Fe3O4/LSG electrode surface was examined using differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The fabricated sensor displays preferable sensitivity (17.4 μA μM-1 cm-2), a wide linear range (1 nM to 100 μM), a very low detection limit (0.73 nM), and acceptable selectivity toward quantitative analysis of CQL. Furthermore, the reliability of the sensor was checked by CQL detection in spiked human blood serum and urine samples, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Madhuvilakku
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department
of Energy and Refrigeration Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kuang Yen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- . Phone: +886-2771-2171. Fax: +886-2731-7191
| | - Wei-Mon Yan
- Department
of Energy and Refrigeration Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Wei Huang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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21
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Huang X, Li H, Li J, Huang L, Yao K, Yiu CK, Liu Y, Wong TH, Li D, Wu M, Huang Y, Gao Z, Zhou J, Gao Y, Li J, Jiao Y, Shi R, Zhang B, Hu B, Guo Q, Song E, Ye R, Yu X. Transient, Implantable, Ultrathin Biofuel Cells Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene and Gold Nanoparticles Composite. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3447-3456. [PMID: 35411774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transient power sources with excellent biocompatibility and bioresorablility have attracted significant attention. Here, we report high-performance, transient glucose enzymatic biofuel cells (TEBFCs) based on the laser-induced graphene (LIG)/gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) composite electrodes. Such LIG electrodes can be easily fabricated from polyimide (PI) with an infrared CO2 laser and exhibit a low impedance (16 Ω). The resulted TEBFC yields a high open circuit potential (OCP) of 0.77 V and a maximum power density of 483.1 μW/cm2. The TEBFC not only exhibits a quick response time that enables reaching the maximum OCP within 1 min but also owns a long lifetime over 28 days in vitro. The excellent biocompatibility and transient performance from in vitro and in vivo tests allow long-term implantation of TEBFCs in rats for energy harvesting. The TEBFCs with advanced processing methods provide a promising power solution for transient electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Libei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chun Ki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tsz Hung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mengge Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanli Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bofan Hu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qinglei Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Enming Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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22
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Affordable equipment to fabricate laser-induced graphene electrodes for portable electrochemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:185. [PMID: 35396635 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials present unique properties for electrochemical applications, and laser-induced conversion of polyimide to graphene is an emerging route to obtain a high-quality material for sensing. Herein we present compact and low-cost equipment constructed from an open-source 3D printer at which a 3.5-W visible (449 nm) laser was adapted to fabricate laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes from commercial polyimide, which resulted in electron transfer kinetic (k0) of 5.6 × 10-3 cm s-1 and reproducibility calculated by relative standard deviation (RSD < 5%) from cyclic voltammograms of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- using 5 different electrodes. LIG electrodes enabled the simultaneous voltammetric determination of uric acid (+ 0.1 V vs. pseudo-reference) and nitrite (+ 0.4 V vs pseudo-reference), with limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.07 and 0.27 µmol L-1, respectively. Amperometric measurements for the detection of H2O2 (applying + 0.0 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat.)) after Prussian blue (PB) modification and ciprofloxacin (applying + 1.2 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat.)) were performed under flow conditions, which confirmed the high stability of LIG and LIG-PB surfaces. The LOD values were 1.0 and 0.2 µmol L-1 for H2O2 and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The RSD values (< 12%) obtained for the analysis using three different electrodes attested the precision of LIG electrodes manufactured in two designs. No sample matrix effects on the determination of ciprofloxacin in milk samples were observed (recoveries between 84 and 96%). The equipment can be built with less than $300 and each LIG electrode costs less than $0.01.
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23
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Hydrophobic laser-induced graphene potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for nitrate sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:122. [PMID: 35218439 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Current solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) suffer from signal-to-noise drift and short lifespans partly due to water uptake and the development of an aqueous layer between the transducer and ion-selective membrane. To address these challenges, we report on a nitrate ISE based on hydrophobic laser-induced graphene (LIG) coated with a poly(vinyl) chloride-based nitrate selective membrane. The hydrophobic LIG was created using a polyimide substrate and a double lasing process under ambient conditions (air at 23.0 ± 1.0 °C) that resulted in a static water contact angle of 135.5 ± 0.7° (mean ± standard deviation) in wettability testing. The LIG-ISE displayed a Nernstian response of - 58.17 ± 4.21 mV dec-1 and a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 6.01 ± 1.44 µM. Constant current chronopotentiometry and a water layer test were used to evaluate the potential (emf) signal stability with similar performance to previously published work with graphene-based ISEs. Using a portable potentiostat, the sensor displayed comparable (p > 0.05) results to a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-accepted analytical method when analyzing water samples collected from two lakes in Ames, IA. The sensors were stored in surface water samples for 5 weeks and displayed nonsignificant difference in performance (LOD and sensitivity). These results, combined with a rapid and low-cost fabrication technique, make the development of hydrophobic LIG-ISEs appealing for a wide range of long-term in situ surface water quality applications.
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24
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Dixit N, Singh SP. Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) as a Smart and Sustainable Material to Restrain Pandemics and Endemics: A Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5112-5130. [PMID: 35187327 PMCID: PMC8851616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A healthy environment is necessary for a human being to survive. The contagious COVID-19 virus has disastrously contaminated the environment, leading to direct or indirect transmission. Therefore, the environment demands adequate prevention and control strategies at the beginning of the viral spread. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a three-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial fabricated in a single step on a wide variety of low-cost to high-quality carbonaceous materials without using any additional chemicals potentially used for antiviral, antibacterial, and sensing applications. LIG has extraordinary properties, including high surface area, electrical and thermal conductivity, environmental-friendliness, easy fabrication, and patterning, making it a sustainable material for controlling SARS-CoV-2 or similar pandemic transmission through different sources. LIG's antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofouling properties were mainly due to the thermal and electrical properties and texture derived from nanofibers and micropores. This perspective will highlight the conducted research and the future possibilities on LIG for its antimicrobial, antiviral, antibiofouling, and sensing applications. It will also manifest the idea of incorporating this sustainable material into different technologies like air purifiers, antiviral surfaces, wearable sensors, water filters, sludge treatment, and biosensing. It will pave a roadmap to explore this single-step fabrication technique of graphene to deal with pandemics and endemics in the coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dixit
- Environmental
Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P. Singh
- Environmental
Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre
for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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25
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Moreira G, Casso-Hartmann L, Datta SPA, Dean D, McLamore E, Vanegas D. Development of a Biosensor Based on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection in Human Saliva. FRONTIERS IN SENSORS 2022; 3:917380. [PMID: 35992634 PMCID: PMC9386735 DOI: 10.3389/fsens.2022.917380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19. Infection in humans requires angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) as the point of entry for SARS-CoV-2. PCR testing is generally definitive but expensive, although it is highly sensitive and accurate. Biosensor-based monitoring could be a low-cost, accurate, and non-invasive approach to improve testing capacity. We develop a capacitive hACE2 biosensor for intact SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes were modified with platinum nanoparticles. The quality control of LIG electrodes was performed using cyclic voltammetry. Truncated hACE2 was used as a biorecognition element and attached to the electrode surface by streptavidin-biotin coupling. Biolayer interferometry was used for qualitative interaction screening of hACE2 with UV-attenuated virions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for signal transduction. Truncated hACE2 binds wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with greater avidity than human coronavirus (common cold virus). The limit of detection (LoD) is estimated to be 2,960 copies/ml. The detection process usually takes less than 30 min. The strength of these features makes the hACE2 biosensor a potentially low-cost approach for screening SARS-CoV-2 in non-clinical settings with high demand for rapid testing (for example, schools and airports).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisianny Moreira
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Cambridge, MI, United States
| | - Lisseth Casso-Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Shoumen Palit Austin Datta
- Medical Device (MDPnP) Interoperability and Cybersecurity Labs, Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
- MIT Auto-ID Labs, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Delphine Dean
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors (REDDI Lab), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Eric McLamore
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Cambridge, MI, United States
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Diana Vanegas
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Cambridge, MI, United States
- Correspondence: Diana Vanegas,
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26
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In situ graphene-modified carbon microelectrode array biosensor for biofilm impedance analysis. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Zhu J, Huang X, Song W. Physical and Chemical Sensors on the Basis of Laser-Induced Graphene: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18708-18741. [PMID: 34881870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is produced rapidly by directly irradiating carbonaceous precursors, and it naturally exhibits as a three-dimensional porous structure. Due to advantages such as simple preparation, time-saving, environmental friendliness, low cost, and expanding categories of raw materials, LIG and its derivatives have achieved broad applications in sensors. This has been witnessed in various fields such as wearable devices, disease diagnosis, intelligent robots, and pollution detection. However, despite LIG sensors having demonstrated an excellent capability to monitor physical and chemical parameters, the systematic review of synthesis, sensing mechanisms, and applications of them combined with comparison against other preparation approaches of graphene is still lacking. Here, graphene-based sensors for physical, biological, and chemical detection are reviewed first, followed by the introduction of general preparation methods for the laser-induced method to yield graphene. The preparation and advantages of LIG, sensing mechanisms, and the properties of different types of emerging LIG-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, possible solutions to the problems and challenges of preparing LIG and LIG-based sensors are proposed. This review may serve as a detailed reference to guide the development of LIG-based sensors that possess properties for future smart sensors in health care, environmental protection, and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weixing Song
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
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28
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Yu J, Liu J, Ma CB, Qi L, Du Y, Hu X, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Wang E. Signal-On Electrochemical Detection for Drug-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Mutants through Three-Way Junction Transduction and Exonuclease III-Assisted Catalyzed Hairpin Assembly. Anal Chem 2021; 94:600-605. [PMID: 34920663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present detection method for hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug-resistant mutation has a high misdiagnosis rate and usually needs to meet stringent requirements for technology and equipment, leading to complex and time-consuming manipulation and drawback of high costs. Herein, with the purpose of developing cost-effective, highly efficient, and handy diagnosis for HBV drug-resistant mutants, we propose an electrochemical signal-on strategy through the three-way junction (3WJ) transduction and exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA). To achieve single-copy gene detection, loop-mediated nucleic acid isothermal amplification (LAMP), one of the highly promising and compatible techniques to revolutionize point-of-care genetic detection, is first adopted for amplification. The rtN236T mutation, an error encoded by codon 236 of the reverse transcriptase region of HBV DNA, was employed as the model gene target. Under the optimized conditions, it allows end-point transduction from HBV drug-resistant mutants-genomic information to electrochemical signals with ultrahigh sensitivity, specificity, and signal-to-noise ratio, showing the lowest detection concentration down to 2 copies/μL. Such a method provides a possibly new principle for ideal in vitro diagnosis, supporting the construction of a clinic HBV diagnosis platform with high accuracy and generalization. Moreover, it is not restricted by specific nucleic acid sequences but can be applied to the detection of various disease genes, laying the foundation for multiple detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jingju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Chong-Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xintong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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29
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Wang G, Chen J, Huang L, Chen Y, Li Y. A laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensor for label-free CEA monitoring in serum. Analyst 2021; 146:6631-6642. [PMID: 34591043 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effective construction of self-designed conductive graphene patterns is crucial to the fabrication of graphene-based electrochemical devices. Here, a label-free carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) electrochemical immunosensor is developed based on the surface engineering of a laser-induced graphene (LIG)/Au electrode. The LIG electrode was produced with a smart and inexpensive 450 nm semiconductor laser through three electrode patterns under ambient conditions. Then the LIG/Au electrode was organized by conformal anchoring of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the LIG work area using chloroauric acid as the precursor. Good electrochemical activity with improved conductivity of the LIG/Au electrode was obtained under optimized conditions of laser intensity, carving depth, and chlorogenic acid dosage, to name a few. The LIG/Au electrode was carbonylated based on Au-S∼COOH using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). The antibody was covalently bound on the work area to form a label-free immunosensor. The constructed immunosensor shows high sensitivity with a good response in the range of low concentrations from 0.01 to 100 ng mL-1, low detection limit (5.0 pg mL-1), high selectivity compared with some possible interference, and can be applied in a bovine serum solution without the need of sample labeling and pretreatment. Moreover, the immunosensor is mechanically flexible with minimal change in signal output after bending at different angles. It shows an easy and green electrode preparation method that combines 3D porous structures of graphene, uniform immobilization of Au NPs, binder-free, easy covalent binding of an antibody, and good mechanical properties. Hence, the present method has great potential for applications involving electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineening, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China. .,College of Environment and Resource, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineening, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineening, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yiting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineening, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineening, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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30
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Subramani IG, Perumal V, Gopinath SCB, Mohamed NM, Ovinis M, Sze LL. 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole-copper nanoflower enhanced collapsible laser scribed graphene engraved microgap capacitive aptasensor for the detection of milk allergen. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20825. [PMID: 34675227 PMCID: PMC8531451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine milk allergenic protein, 'β-lactoglobulin' is one of the leading causes of milk allergic reaction. In this research, a novel label-free non-faradaic capacitive aptasensor was designed to detect β-lactoglobulin using a Laser Scribed Graphene (LSG) electrode. The graphene was directly engraved into a microgapped (~ 95 µm) capacitor-electrode pattern on a flexible polyimide (PI) film via a simple one-step CO2 laser irradiation. The novel hybrid nanoflower (NF) was synthesized using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as the organic molecule and copper (Cu) as the inorganic molecule via one-pot biomineralization by tuning the reaction time and concentration. NF was fixed on the pre-modified PI film at the triangular junction of the LSG microgap specifically for bio-capturing β-lactoglobulin. The fine-tuned CDI-Cu NF revealed the flower-like structures was viewed through field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the interactions with PI film, CDI-Cu NF, oligoaptamer and β-lactoglobulin. The non-faradaic sensing of milk allergen β-lactoglobulin corresponds to a higher loading of oligoaptamer on 3D-structured CDI-Cu NF, with a linear range detection from 1 ag/ml to 100 fg/ml and attomolar (1 ag/ml) detection limit (S/N = 3:1). This novel CDI-Cu NF/LSG microgap aptasensor has a great potential for the detection of milk allergen with high-specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Gandi Subramani
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia. .,Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) , Kangar, 01000, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) , Arau, 02600, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Norani Muti Mohamed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mark Ovinis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Lim Li Sze
- Medical Innovation Ventures Sdn. Bhd (Mediven), Gelugor, 11700, Penang, Malaysia
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31
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Sadighbayan D, Minhas-Khan A, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Laser-Induced Graphene-Functionalized Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensing: A Potent Candidate for COVID-19 Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:232-245. [PMID: 34648455 PMCID: PMC9088816 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Speedy and on-time detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of high importance to control the pandemic effectively and stop its disastrous consequences. A widely available, reliable, label-free, and rapid test that can recognize tiny amounts of specific biomarkers might be the solution. Nanobiosensors are one of the most attractive candidates for this purpose. Integration of graphene with biosensing devices shifts the performance of these systems to an incomparable level. Between the various arrangements using this wonder material, field-effect transistors (FETs) display a precise detection even in complex samples. The emergence of pioneering biosensors for detecting a wide range of diseases especially COVID-19 created the incentive to prepare a review of the recent graphene-FET biosensing platforms. However, the graphene fabrication and transfer to the surface of the device is an imperative factor for researchers to take into account. Therefore, we also reviewed the common methods of manufacturing graphene for biosensing applications and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most recent synthesizing techniques - laser-induced graphene (LIG) - is attracting attention owing to its extraordinary benefits which are thoroughly explained in this article. Finally, a conclusion highlighting the current challenges is presented.
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32
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Muzyka K, Xu G. Laser‐induced Graphene in Facts, Numbers, and Notes in View of Electroanalytical Applications: A Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Muzyka
- Laboratory of Analytical Optochemotronics Department of Biomedical Engineering Kharkiv National University of RadioElectronics Kharkiv 61166 Ukraine
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130022 PR China
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33
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Yagati AK, Behrent A, Tomanek V, Chavan SG, Go A, Park SR, Jin Z, Baeumner AJ, Lee MH. Polypyrrole-palladium nanocomposite as a high-efficiency transducer for thrombin detection with liposomes as a label. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:3205-3217. [PMID: 34617153 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective determination of protein biomarkers with high accuracy often remains a great challenge due to their existence in the human body at an exceptionally low concentration level. Therefore, sensing mechanisms that are easy to use, simple, and capable of accurate quantification of analyte are still in development to detect biomarkers at a low concentration level. To meet this end, we demonstrated a methodology to detect thrombin in serum at low concentration levels using polypyrrole (PPy)-palladium (Pd)nanoparticle-based hybrid transducers using liposomes encapsulated redox marker as a label. The morphology of Ppy-Pd composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the hybrid structure provided excellent binding and detection platform for thrombin detection in both buffer and serum solutions. For quantitative measurement of thrombin in PBS and serum, the change in current was monitored using differential pulse voltammetry, and the calculated limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) for the linear segment (0.1-1000 nM of thrombin) were 1.1 pM and 0.3 pM, in serum, respectively. The sensors also exhibited good stability and excellent selectivity towards the detection of thrombin, and thus make it a strong candidate for adopting its sensing applications in biomarker detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yagati
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-Gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo-and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arne Behrent
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo-and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Tomanek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo-and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sachin Ganpat Chavan
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-Gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Go
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-Gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-Gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengzhi Jin
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-Gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo-and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-Gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Li D, Shao Y, Zhang Q, Qu M, Ping J, Fu Y, Xie J. A flexible virtual sensor array based on laser-induced graphene and MXene for detecting volatile organic compounds in human breath. Analyst 2021; 146:5704-5713. [PMID: 34515697 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath is critical for the early diagnosis of diseases. Good selectivity of VOC sensors is crucial for the accurate analysis of VOC biomarkers in human breath, which consists of more than 200 types of VOCs. In this paper, a flexible virtual sensor array (FVSA) was proposed based on a sensing layer of MXene and laser-induced graphene interdigital electrodes (LIG-IDEs) for detecting VOCs in exhaled human breath. The fabrication of LIG-IDEs avoids the costly and complicated procedures required for the preparation of traditional IDEs. The FVSA's responses of multiple parameters help build a unique fingerprint for each VOC, without a need for changing the temperature of the sensing element, which is commonly used in the VSA of semiconductor VOC sensors. Based on machine learning algorithms, we have achieved highly precise recognition of different VOCs and mixtures and accurate prediction (accuracy of 89.1%) of the objective VOC's concentration in variable backgrounds using this proposed FVSA. Moreover, a blind analysis validates the capacity of the FVSA to identify alcohol content in human breath with an accuracy of 88.9% using breath samples from volunteers before and after alcohol consumption. These results show that the proposed FVSA is promising for the detection of VOC biomarkers in human exhaled breath and early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Mengjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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35
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Binary transition metal oxide modified laser-scribed graphene electrochemical aptasensor for the accurate and sensitive screening of acute myocardial infarction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Vivaldi F, Dallinger A, Bonini A, Poma N, Sembranti L, Biagini D, Salvo P, Greco F, Di Francesco F. Three-Dimensional (3D) Laser-Induced Graphene: Structure, Properties, and Application to Chemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30245-30260. [PMID: 34167302 PMCID: PMC8289247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding its relatively recent discovery, graphene has gone through many evolution steps and inspired a multitude of applications in many fields, from electronics to life science. The recent advancements in graphene production and patterning, and the inclusion of two-dimensional (2D) graphenic materials in three-dimensional (3D) superstructures, further extended the number of potential applications. In this Review, we focus on laser-induced graphene (LIG), an intriguing 3D porous graphenic material produced by direct laser scribing of carbonaceous precursors, and on its applications in chemical sensors and biosensors. LIG can be shaped in different 3D forms with a high surface-to-volume ratio, which is a valuable characteristic for sensors that typically rely on phenomena occurring at surfaces and interfaces. Herein, an overview of LIG, including synthesis from various precursors, structure, and characteristic properties, is first provided. The discussion focuses especially on transport and surface properties, and on how these can be controlled by tuning the laser processing. Progresses and trends in LIG-based chemical sensors are then reviewed, discussing the various transduction mechanisms and different LIG functionalization procedures for chemical sensing. A comparative evaluation of sensors performance is then provided. Finally, sensors for glucose detection are reviewed in more detail, since they represent the vast majority of LIG-based chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico
Maria Vivaldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander Dallinger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Poma
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sembranti
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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37
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Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO)/laser-induced graphene (LIG) composites were prepared by mixing ZnO, grown by laser-assisted flow deposition, with LIG produced by laser irradiation of a polyimide, both in ambient conditions. Different ZnO:LIG ratios were used to infer the effect of this combination on the overall composite behavior. The optical properties, assessed by photoluminescence (PL), showed an intensity increase of the excitonic-related recombination with increasing LIG amounts, along with a reduction in the visible emission band. Charge-transfer processes between the two materials are proposed to justify these variations. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy evidenced increased electron transfer kinetics and an electrochemically active area with the amount of LIG incorporated in the composites. As the composites were designed to be used as transducer platforms in biosensing devices, their ability to detect and quantify hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was assessed by both PL and CV analysis. The results demonstrated that both methods can be employed for sensing, displaying slightly distinct operation ranges that allow extending the detection range by combining both transduction approaches. Moreover, limits of detection as low as 0.11 mM were calculated in a tested concentration range from 0.8 to 32.7 mM, in line with the values required for their potential application in biosensors.
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Behrent A, Griesche C, Sippel P, Baeumner AJ. Process-property correlations in laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:159. [PMID: 33829346 PMCID: PMC8026455 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a promising electrode material for electrochemical point-of-care diagnostics. LIG offers a large specific surface area and excellent electron transfer at low-cost in a binder-free and rapid fabrication process that lends itself well to mass production outside of the cleanroom. Various LIG micromorphologies can be generated when altering the energy input parameters, and it was investigated here which impact this has on their electroanalytical characteristics and performance. Energy input is well controlled by the laser power, scribing speed, and laser pulse density. Once the threshold of required energy input is reached a broad spectrum of conditions leads to LIG with micromorphologies ranging from delicate irregular brush structures obtained at fast, high energy input, to smoother and more wall like albeit still porous materials. Only a fraction of these LIG structures provided high conductance which is required for appropriate electroanalytical performance. Here, it was found that low, frequent energy input provided the best electroanalytical material, i.e., low levels of power and speed in combination with high spatial pulse density. For example, the sensitivity for the reduction of K3[Fe(CN)6] was increased almost 2-fold by changing fabrication parameters from 60% power and 100% speed to 1% power and 10% speed. These general findings can be translated to any LIG fabrication process independent of devices used. The simple fabrication process of LIG electrodes, their good electroanalytical performance as demonstrated here with a variety of (bio)analytically relevant molecules including ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, p-nitrophenol, and paracetamol, and possible application to biological samples make them ideal and inexpensive transducers for electrochemical (bio)sensors, with the potential to replace the screen-printed systems currently dominating in on-site sensors used. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Behrent
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Griesche
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul Sippel
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Wang H, Liu Q, Liu Q, Zhang X. Photoelectrochemical thrombin biosensor based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid and Au co-functionalized ZnO nanorods with signal-off quenching effect of Ag@Ag 2S. Analyst 2021; 146:855-863. [PMID: 33295340 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a thrombin photoelectrochemical aptasensor was reported based on a photoanode of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA), Au nanoparticle co-functionalized ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) and the "signal-off" amplification effect of Ag@Ag2S. The photocurrent response of the ZnO NRs was improved greatly due to the excellent visible-light photoelectric performance of PTCA and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au nanoparticles. Due to the specific recognition between thrombin and aptamers, the non-conductive complex with a steric hindrance structure blocked the diffusion path of the electron donating ascorbic acid (AA) and then the "signal-off" Ag@Ag2S quencher was captured. The quencher blocked the irradiation light toward the ZnO NRs/PTCA/Au electrode and competitively consumed the electron donor AA that could have been involved in the oxidation reaction with photogenerated holes of PTCA, resulting in the further decrease of the photocurrent. Based on the evident photocurrent response of the photoanode and the superior quenching strategies, the detection limit of thrombin is as low as 33 fM with a wide linear detection range from 0.0001 nM to 50 nM. The prepared biosensor also exhibited good specificity, reproducibility and stability, suggesting potential application in thrombin specific detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology; College of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Xu Y, Fei Q, Page M, Zhao G, Ling Y, Chen D, Yan Z. Laser-induced graphene for bioelectronics and soft actuators. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 14:3033-3050. [PMID: 33841746 PMCID: PMC8023525 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-assisted process can enable facile, mask-free, large-area, inexpensive, customizable, and miniaturized patterning of laser-induced porous graphene (LIG) on versatile carbonaceous substrates (e.g., polymers, wood, food, textiles) in a programmed manner at ambient conditions. Together with high tailorability of its porosity, morphology, composition, and electrical conductivity, LIG can find wide applications in emerging bioelectronics (e.g., biophysical and biochemical sensing) and soft robots (e.g., soft actuators). In this review paper, we first introduce the methods to make LIG on various carbonaceous substrates and then discuss its electrical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties and biocompatibility that are critical for applications in bioelectronics and soft robots. Next, we overview the recent studies of LIG-based biophysical (e.g., strain, pressure, temperature, hydration, humidity, electrophysiological) sensors and biochemical (e.g., gases, electrolytes, metabolites, pathogens, nucleic acids, immunology) sensors. The applications of LIG in flexible energy generators and photodetectors are also introduced. In addition, LIG-enabled soft actuators that can respond to chemicals, electricity, and light stimulus are overviewed. Finally, we briefly discuss the future challenges and opportunities of LIG fabrications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xu
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Qihui Fei
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Margaret Page
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Ganggang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Rock Bridge High School, Columbia, Missouri 65203 USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
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Electrochemical impedimetric biosensors, featuring the use of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs): Special focus on non-faradaic sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 177:112940. [PMID: 33444897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the field of biosensing technology. With the rising demand for personalized healthcare and health management tools, electrochemical sensors are proving to be reliable solutions; specifically, impedimetric sensors are gaining considerable attention primarily due to their ability to perform label-free sensing. The novel approach of using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) to improve the sensitivity and stability of these detection systems makes long-term continuous sensing feasible towards a wide range of sensing applications, predominantly biosensing. Through this review, we aim to provide an update on current scientific progress in using impedimetric biosensing combined with RTILs for the development of sensitive biosensing platforms. This review also summarizes the latest trends in the field of biosensing and provides an update on the current challenges that remain unsolved.
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Hai X, Li Y, Zhu C, Song W, Cao J, Bi S. DNA-based label-free electrochemical biosensors: From principles to applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Lin J, Li K, Wang M, Chen X, Liu J, Tang H. Reagentless and sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen based on a stable Prussian blue modified electrode. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38316-38322. [PMID: 35517528 PMCID: PMC9057263 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reagentless and sensitive detection of tumor biomarkers using label-free electrochemical immunosensors is highly desirable for early and effective cancer diagnosis. Herein, we present a label-free electrochemical immunoassay platform based on surface-confined Prussian blue (PB) redox probes for sensitive and reagentless determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). To facilitate the electron transfer of probes and improve sensitivity, Au nanoparticles and PB (Au-PB) are electrochemically co-deposited on a carbon nanotube (CNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A polydopamine (pDA) layer is coated on the Au-PB nanocomposite layer in situ as a bifunctional linker. In addition to improving the stability of PB, pDA also provides reducibility for the preparation of gold nanoparticles, which offers an interface for anti-CEA antibody immobilization. The fabricated immunosensor has good stability and is able to reagentlessly detect CEA over a wide range (0.005-50 ng mL-1) with high reproducibility. Furthermore, the immunosensor was used for determination of CEA in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Kunyin Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530023 China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530023 China
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Electrochemical multi-analyte point-of-care perspiration sensors using on-chip three-dimensional graphene electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:763-777. [PMID: 32989512 PMCID: PMC7809000 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multi-analyte sensing using exclusively laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based planar electrode systems was developed for sweat analysis. LIG provides 3D structures of graphene, can be manufactured easier than any other carbon electrode also on large scale, and in form of electrodes: hence, it is predestinated for affordable, wearable point-of-care sensors. Here, it is demonstrated that LIG facilitates all three electrochemical sensing strategies (voltammetry, potentiometry, impedance) in a multi-analyte system for sweat analysis. A potentiometric potassium-ion-selective electrode in combination with an electrodeposited Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE) enabled the detection of potassium ions in the entire physiologically relevant range (1 to 500 mM) with a fast response time, unaffected by the presence of main interfering ions and sweat-collecting materials. A kidney-shaped interdigitated LIG electrode enabled the determination of the overall electrolyte concentration by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at a fixed frequency. Enzyme-based strategies with amperometric detection share a common RE and were realized with Prussian blue as electron mediator and biocompatible chitosan for enzyme immobilization and protection of the electrode. Using glucose and lactate oxidases, lower limits of detection of 13.7 ± 0.5 μM for glucose and 28 ± 3 μM for lactate were obtained, respectively. The sensor showed a good performance at different pH, with sweat-collecting tissues, on a model skin system and furthermore in synthetic sweat as well as in artificial tear fluid. Response time for each analytical cycle totals 75 s, and hence allows a quasi-continuous and simultaneous monitoring of all analytes. This multi-analyte all-LIG system is therefore a practical, versatile, and most simple strategy for point-of-care applications and has the potential to outcompete standard screen-printed electrodes. Graphical abstract ![]()
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45
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Lahcen AA, Rauf S, Beduk T, Durmus C, Aljedaibi A, Timur S, Alshareef HN, Amine A, Wolfbeis OS, Salama KN. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors using laser-derived graphene: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112565. [PMID: 32927277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laser-derived graphene (LDG) technology is gaining attention as a promising material for the development of novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Compared to established methods for graphene synthesis, LDG provides many advantages such as cost-effectiveness, fast electron mobility, mask-free, green synthesis, good electrical conductivity, porosity, mechanical stability, and large surface area. This review discusses, in a critical way, recent advancements in this field. First, we focused on the fabrication and doping of LDG platforms using different strategies. Next, the techniques for the modification of LDG sensors using nanomaterials, conducting polymers, biological and artificial receptors are presented. We then discussed the advances achieved for various LDG sensing and biosensing schemes and their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. Finally, the drawbacks and limitations of LDG based electrochemical biosensors are addressed, and future trends are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Ait Lahcen
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sakandar Rauf
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ceren Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdulrahman Aljedaibi
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aziz Amine
- Chemical Analysis and Biosensors Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146. Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Otto S Wolfbeis
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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