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Nagel M, Pence V, Ballesteros D, Lambardi M, Popova E, Panis B. Plant Cryopreservation: Principles, Applications, and Challenges of Banking Plant Diversity at Ultralow Temperatures. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:797-824. [PMID: 38211950 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Progressive loss of plant diversity requires the protection of wild and agri-/horticultural species. For species whose seeds are extremely short-lived, or rarely or never produce seeds, or whose genetic makeup must be preserved, cryopreservation offers the only possibility for long-term conservation. At temperatures below freezing, most vegetative plant tissues suffer severe damage from ice crystal formation and require protection. In this review, we describe how increasing the concentration of cellular solutes by air drying or adding cryoprotectants, together with rapid cooling, results in a vitrified, highly viscous state in which cells can remain viable and be stored. On this basis, a range of dormant bud-freezing, slow-cooling, and (droplet-)vitrification protocols have been developed, but few are used to cryobank important agricultural/horticultural/timber and threatened species. To improve cryopreservation efficiency, the effects of cryoprotectants and molecular processes need to be understood and the costs for cryobanking reduced. However, overall, the long-term costs of cryopreservation are low, while the benefits are huge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany;
| | - Valerie Pence
- Lindner Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW), Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Ballesteros
- Department of Botany and Geology, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Lambardi
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Popova
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bart Panis
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Benelli C, Tarraf W, İzgü T, Anichini M, Faraloni C, Salvatici MC, Jouini N, Germanà MA, Danti R, Lambardi M. Long-Term Conservation for the Safeguard of Abies nebrodensis: An Endemic and Endangered Species of Sicily. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1682. [PMID: 38931114 PMCID: PMC11207786 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The combined approaches between ex situ and in situ conservation are of great importance for threatened species in urgent need of protection. This study aims to develop concrete actions to preserve the relic of 30 adult trees of the Sicilian fir (Abies nebrodensis) from extinction using long-term germplasm conservation in liquid nitrogen (LN, -196 °C). Pollen grains were collected, and their moisture content (MC) was measured. Then, viability (2,3,5-tryphenyl tetrazolium chloride, TTC), in vitro germinability, and enzymatic antioxidant activity (ascorbate peroxidase, APX; catalase, CAT) were evaluated before and after cryopreservation. Seeds collected from mature cones underwent X-ray analysis, and only full seeds were used to excise the zygotic embryos (ZEs) for cryopreservation. The MC percentage of ZEs was determined, and then they were plunged in LN with (+PVS2) or without (-PVS2) Plant Vitrification Solution 2; untreated ZEs were used as a control. Viability (TTC test) and in vitro germination were assessed for all ZEs (+PVS2, -PVS2, and control). Embryogenic callus (EC) lines obtained from mature ZEs were cryopreserved applying the 'encapsulation-dehydration' technique. This study has allowed, after optimizing cryopreservation protocols for pollen, ZEs, and EC of A. nebrodensis, to establish the first cryobank of this endangered species in Polizzi Generosa (Palermo, Italy), inside the 'Madonie Regional Park'. The strategy developed for Sicilian fir conservation will pave the way for similar initiatives for other critically endangered conifer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Benelli
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Waed Tarraf
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Tolga İzgü
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Monica Anichini
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Cristina Salvatici
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM)-Electron Microscopy Centre (Ce.M.E.), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Nourhene Jouini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.J.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.J.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Roberto Danti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Lambardi
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
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Popova E, Kulichenko I, Kim HH. Critical Role of Regrowth Conditions in Post-Cryopreservation of In Vitro Plant Germplasm. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040542. [PMID: 37106743 PMCID: PMC10135868 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is an effective option for the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources, including vegetatively propagated crops and ornamental plants, elite tree genotypes, threatened plant species with non-orthodox seeds or limited seed availability, as well as cell and root cultures useful for biotechnology. With increasing success, an arsenal of cryopreservation methods has been developed and applied to many species and material types. However, severe damage to plant material accumulating during the multi-step cryopreservation procedure often causes reduced survival and low regrowth, even when the optimized protocol is applied. The conditions at the recovery stage play a vital role in supporting material regrowth after cryopreservation and, when optimized, may shift the life-and-death balance toward a positive outcome. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the five main strategies available at the recovery stage to improve post-cryopreservation survival of in vitro plant materials and their further proliferation and development. In particular, we discuss the modification of the recovery medium composition (iron- and ammonium-free), exogenous additives to cope with oxidative stress and absorb toxic chemicals, and the modulation of medium osmotic potential. Special attention is paid to plant growth regulators used at various steps of the recovery process to induce the desired morphological response in cryopreserved tissues. Given studies on electron transport and energy provision in rewarmed materials, we discuss the effects of light-and-dark conditions and light quality. We hope that this summary provides a helpful guideline and a set of references for choosing the recovery conditions for plant species that have not been cryopreserved. We also propose that step-wise recovery may be most effective for materials sensitive to cryopreservation-induced osmotic and chemical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Irina Kulichenko
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Haeng-Hoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Quijada-Rivera M, Tiznado-Hernández ME, Hernández-Oñate MÁ, Vargas-Arispuro I, Astorga-Cienfuegos KR, Lazo-Javalera MF, Rivera-Domínguez M. Transcriptome assessment in 'Red Globe' grapevine zygotic embryos during the cooling and warming phase of the cryopreservation procedure. Cryobiology 2023; 110:56-68. [PMID: 36528080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has the potential for long-term germplasm storage. The metabolic pathways and gene regulation involved in cryopreservation procedures are still not well documented. Hence, the genetic expression profile was evaluated using RNA-Seq in zygotic embryos of grapevines subjected to cryopreservation by vitrification. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq 500. The average alignment of reads was 96% against the reference genome. The expression profiles showed 229 genes differentially expressed (186 repressed and 46 induced). The main biological processes showing upregulated enrichment were related to nucleosome assembly, while downregulated processes were related to organ growth. The most highly repressed processes were associated with the organization of the cell wall and membrane components. The unnamed protein product and 17.3 kDa class II heat shock protein (HSP) were highly induced, while ATPase subunit 1 and expansin-A1 were repressed. The response to the cooling and warming process during cryopreservation probably indicates that the changes occurring in transcription may be related to epigenetics. In addition, the cell exhibits an increase in the reserve of nutrients while seeking to survive modestly using available energy and pausing the plant's development. Additionally, energy containment occurred to cope with the stress caused by the treatment where deactivation of components of the cell membrane was observed, possibly due to changes in fluidity caused by alterations in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Quijada-Rivera
- Food Science Coordination, Research Center for Food and Development, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Irasema Vargas-Arispuro
- Food Science Coordination, Research Center for Food and Development, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marisela Rivera-Domínguez
- Food Science Coordination, Research Center for Food and Development, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico.
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Höfer M, Flachowsky H. Cryopreservation of Malus and Pyrus Wild Species in the 'Fruit Genebank' in Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020200. [PMID: 36829479 PMCID: PMC9952886 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A unique and valuable diversity of the Malus and Pyrus wild species germplasm is maintained ex situ in field collections in the 'Fruit Genebank' in Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany. (1) Background: The establishment of a duplicate collection is necessary to preserve this material safely from abiotic and biotic stress factors. (2) Methods: Two different techniques, cryopreservation using dormant buds and PVS2 vitrification using in vitro shoot tips, were applied and compared. (3) Results: In Malus altogether 180 accessions belonging to 32 species were processed with an average recovery rate of 39% within ten years using the dormant bud method. Accessions, 116 in number, achieved the criterion of 40% recovery which was 64.44% of all accessions tested. In the case of Pyrus germplasm a total of 35 accessions of 21 species and both techniques for cryopreservation were tested. In the results of these experiments the PVS2 method led to better results compared to the dormant bud method. (4) Conclusions: In Malus the dormant bud technique will be the method of choice for the future to build up the duplicate collection. Further experiments using both techniques are planned in the future to make a final decision for Pyrus.
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Cryopreservation of Endangered Ornamental Plants and Fruit Crops from Tropical and Subtropical Regions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060847. [PMID: 35741368 PMCID: PMC9219781 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The protection of biodiversity, i.e., the biological variety and variability of life on Earth, is of great importance for the present and future generations. Maintaining variation at the genetic and ecosystem levels is indispensable in breeding programs and creation of new cultivars. Currently, numerous plant species, wild varieties, and local forms of ornamental and fruit plants are endangered with extinction. Cryopreservation, i.e., the storage of biological samples in tanks filled with liquid nitrogen is considered as the most effective long-term preservation method of plant genetic resources. Nonetheless, the establishment of efficient cryogenic procedures is a difficult task, requiring consideration of several factors. The impact of cryopreservation on the stability and homogeneity of the stored samples is of particular interest. The aim of this article is to evaluate some traditional and modern cryopreservation methods and their utility for the storage and exchange of genetic sources of tropical and subtropical horticultural crops. Abstract Horticultural crops comprise various economic species extending from fruits, nuts, vegetables, spices and condiments, ornamentals, aromatic, and medicinal plants. Ornamental and fruit plants are produced mainly for their nutritional and aesthetic values, respectively. Unfortunately, many tropical and subtropical species are in danger of extinction because of climate change and (a)biotic stresses. It is imperative to preserve the germplasms of these species for the present and future genetic improvement programs. Cryopreservation, i.e., maintenance of tissues at the ultralow temperature of liquid nitrogen, is a promising long-term preservation technique, alternative to seed or in vitro banks, which can be applied for both vegetatively and generatively (through seeds) propagated crops, including those with recalcitrant seeds. It is a technology of choice not only for the preservation of plant biodiversity but also for virus elimination in the proficient administration of large-scale micropropagation. The main advantages of cryopreservation are the lowering of in vitro culture expenditures, needed space, contamination risk, and operator errors. However, tropical species are temperature delicate and one of the foremost challenging issues is preconditioning treatments that stimulate physiological reactions to sufficiently enhance tolerance to dehydration and cryogenic procedures. In recent years, several cryopreservation methods based on encapsulation-vitrification, droplet-vitrification, the use of aluminum cryo-plates, and cryo-mesh have been established. Combined cryo-techniques, gene/DNA conservation, as well as studies on perceiving bio-molecular events and exploring the multistage process from the beginning to end of cryopreservation are receiving more emphasis. The development of cryobiomics delivers a conceptual framework to assess the significance of cell signaling mechanisms on cellular functions, the influence of cryoinjury factors on sample viability, and the implications for genetic stability following cryo-storage. The aim of this mini-review article is to provide a succinct synthesis of the developed cryogenic procedures and their use for the storage and exchange of genetic resources of tropical and subtropical horticultural crops, particularly fruit crops and ornamental plants under the threat of extinction.
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Benelli C. Plant Cryopreservation: A Look at the Present and the Future. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2744. [PMID: 34961214 PMCID: PMC8707037 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is known as an applied aspect of cryobiology or the study of life at low temperatures [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Benelli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR/IBE), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Bilavcik A, Faltus M, Zamecnik J. The Survival of Pear Dormant Buds at Ultra-Low Temperatures. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112502. [PMID: 34834868 PMCID: PMC8618646 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a varietal diversity decline in pear orchards of the Czech Republic. Thus, the safe storage of their gene pool collections is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the ultra-low temperature survival after two-step cryopreservation treatment of dormant buds was tested for a safe and rapid way to conserve pear germplasm in a broader range of varieties. The following varieties crucial for cultivation in the Czech Republic were tested; ‘Amfora’, ‘Beurré Hardy’, ‘Bosc’, ‘Clapp’s Favourite’, ‘Conference’, ‘Dicolor’, ‘Erika’, ‘Lucas’, ‘Williams’ and ‘Williams Red’. In 2011 and 2012, dormant pear buds were dehydrated to 40.1% and 36.0% water content, respectively, before cryopreservation. The average regeneration of the dormant pear buds after cryopreservation by the two-step cryoprotocol in 2011 and 2012 was 54.3% and 16.1%, respectively. The mentioned cryopreservation procedure is suitable for the safe storage of dormant buds in most tested pear varieties.
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Grapevine Shoot Tip Cryopreservation and Cryotherapy: Secure Storage of Disease-Free Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102190. [PMID: 34685999 PMCID: PMC8541583 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Grapevine breeding programs require access to high-quality Vitis cultivars and wild species, which may be maintained within genebanks. Shoot tip cryopreservation is a valuable technique for the safe, long-term conservation of Vitis genetic resources that complements traditional field and in vitro germplasm collections. Vitis is highly susceptible to virus infections. Virus-free plants are required as propagation material for clonally propagated germplasm, and also for the global exchange of grapevine genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy, a method based on cryopreservation, has proven to be effective in eradicating viruses from infected plants, including grapevine. This comprehensive review outlines/documents the advances in Vitis shoot tip cryopreservation and cryotherapy that have resulted in healthy plants with high regrowth levels across diverse Vitis species.
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Saxena A, Bi WL, Shukla MR, Cannings S, Bennett B, Saxena PK. Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Yukon Draba ( Draba yukonensis), a Special Concern Plant Species Endemic to Yukon Territory, Canada. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102093. [PMID: 34685902 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yukon Draba (Draba yukonensis) is a small, short-lived perennial mustard species that is endemic to southwestern Yukon in Canada. This plant has been categorized as a species of Special Concern. It faces the threat of habitat loss due to natural and man-made causes and a population that is unevenly distributed to a few large and several small subpopulations in the area. It will therefore be judicious to undertake investigations on the conservation of this species to save it from further deterioration which may lead to its extinction. In this study, a protocol was developed for in vitro propagation and cryopreservation of Yukon Draba. The micropropagation protocol was optimized using shoot tips which enabled clonal propagation and in vitro storage of the species. Shoots grew best in the medium containing MS basal salts and had the highest multiplication with the addition of 2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine or 5 µM Kinetin with 3% sucrose. The addition of 10 µM Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) produced the highest number of adventitious roots on the shoots and the longest root length was observed at 2 µM IBA. The rooted plantlets were transferred to greenhouse and the highest survival (87.5%) was observed for the plantlets treated with a lower concentration of IBA (2 µM). Cryopreservation protocol was developed using the droplet-vitrification method for in vitro shoot tips. Two-week-old shoots had the highest survival and regrowth following exposure to plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3) for 30 min, prior to direct immersion of the droplets into the liquid nitrogen. The optimized protocols for the micropropagation and cryopreservation may be useful for the long-term germplasm conservation and reintroduction of this species in its natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wen-Lu Bi
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mukund R Shukla
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Syd Cannings
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 91780 Alaska Highway, 1st Floor, Whitehorse, YK Y1A 5X7, Canada
| | - Bruce Bennett
- B.A. Bennett Herbarium (BABY), 33 Chinook Lane, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5Y2, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wang MR, Bi W, Shukla MR, Ren L, Hamborg Z, Blystad DR, Saxena PK, Wang QC. Epigenetic and Genetic Integrity, Metabolic Stability, and Field Performance of Cryopreserved Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1889. [PMID: 34579422 PMCID: PMC8467502 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is considered an ideal strategy for the long-term preservation of plant genetic resources. Significant progress was achieved over the past several decades, resulting in the successful cryopreservation of the genetic resources of diverse plant species. Cryopreservation procedures often employ in vitro culture techniques and require the precise control of several steps, such as the excision of explants, preculture, osmo- and cryoprotection, dehydration, freeze-thaw cycle, unloading, and post-culture for the recovery of plants. These processes create a stressful environment and cause reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, which is detrimental to the growth and regeneration of tissues and plants from cryopreserved tissues. ROS-induced oxidative stresses were documented to induce (epi)genetic and somatic variations. Therefore, the development of true-to-type regenerants of the source germplasm is of primary concern in the application of plant cryopreservation technology. The present article provides a comprehensive assessment of epigenetic and genetic integrity, metabolic stability, and field performance of cryopreserved plants developed in the past decade. Potential areas and the directions of future research in plant cryopreservation are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wenlu Bi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (W.B.); (M.R.S.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Mukund R. Shukla
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (W.B.); (M.R.S.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Li Ren
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Zhibo Hamborg
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway; (Z.H.); (D.-R.B.)
| | - Dag-Ragnar Blystad
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway; (Z.H.); (D.-R.B.)
| | - Praveen K. Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (W.B.); (M.R.S.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
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Rantala S, Kaseva J, Nukari A, Laamanen J, Veteläinen M, Häggman H, Karhu S. Successful Cryopreservation of Dormant Buds of Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) by Using Greenhouse-Grown Plants and In Vitro Recovery. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1414. [PMID: 34371617 PMCID: PMC8309241 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of dormant buds can be a feasible method for preserving germplasm of cold-tolerant woody plants. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of pre-desiccation, thawing method, and the rehydration of bud sections on the post-cryopreservation recovery of dormant blackcurrant buds in vitro. The estimated recovery of small- and medium-sized buds was 80.1 and 62.7% respectively for desiccated buds and 67.8 and 72.3% respectively for non-desiccated buds. The pre-desiccation of bud sections enhanced the number of the shoots regenerated from vegetative buds (2.3 vs. 4.7). The estimated recovery of fast-thawed buds was better after 14-day than after 7-day rehydration (85 vs. 59%). In slowly thawed buds the difference between 14-day and 7-day rehydration was not significant (73 vs. 62%). The estimated recovery of vegetative and flower buds was 77.7 and 41.1% respectively after 7-day rehydration, and 95.2 and 43.6% respectively after a 14-day rehydration period. The rehydration of bud sections was not necessary for the in vitro recovery of non-desiccated, fast-thawed buds. Of the 23 blackcurrant cultivars cryopreserved using non-desiccated dormant buds collected from a greenhouse, the estimated recovery of 22 cultivars ranged between 42 and 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Rantala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Survontie 9 A, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Anna Nukari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jaana Laamanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources, Survontie 9 A, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Merja Veteläinen
- Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd., Myllytie 10, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Hely Häggman
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Saila Karhu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
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O’Brien C, Hiti-Bandaralage J, Folgado R, Hayward A, Lahmeyer S, Folsom J, Mitter N. Cryopreservation of Woody Crops: The Avocado Case. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:934. [PMID: 34067138 PMCID: PMC8151510 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent development and implementation of crop cryopreservation protocols has increased the capacity to maintain recalcitrant seeded germplasm collections via cryopreserved in vitro material. To preserve the greatest possible plant genetic resources globally for future food security and breeding programs, it is essential to integrate in situ and ex situ conservation methods into a cohesive conservation plan. In vitro storage using tissue culture and cryopreservation techniques offers promising complementary tools that can be used to promote this approach. These techniques can be employed for crops difficult or impossible to maintain in seed banks for long-term conservation. This includes woody perennial plants, recalcitrant seed crops or crops with no seeds at all and vegetatively or clonally propagated crops where seeds are not true-to-type. Many of the world's most important crops for food, nutrition and livelihoods, are vegetatively propagated or have recalcitrant seeds. This review will look at ex situ conservation, namely field repositories and in vitro storage for some of these economically important crops, focusing on conservation strategies for avocado. To date, cultivar-specific multiplication protocols have been established for maintaining multiple avocado cultivars in tissue culture. Cryopreservation of avocado somatic embryos and somatic embryogenesis have been successful. In addition, a shoot-tip cryopreservation protocol has been developed for cryo-storage and regeneration of true-to-type clonal avocado plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris O’Brien
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.H.-B.); (A.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.H.-B.); (A.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Raquel Folgado
- The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108, USA; (R.F.); (S.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Alice Hayward
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.H.-B.); (A.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Sean Lahmeyer
- The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108, USA; (R.F.); (S.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Jim Folsom
- The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108, USA; (R.F.); (S.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Neena Mitter
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.H.-B.); (A.H.); (N.M.)
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Two Advanced Cryogenic Procedures for Improving Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Cryopreservation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020277. [PMID: 33572614 PMCID: PMC7911944 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a useful tool for the long-term storage of plant genetic resources, and different cryogenic procedures have recently been developed. The present study focused on the use of the Droplet-vitrification (DV) and V cryo-plate protocol for the cryopreservation of Stevia rebaudiana in vitro-derived apical shoot tips and axillary shoot tips. A preliminary test showed that 90 and 120 min PVS2 (Plant Vitrification Solution 2) treatment significantly reduced the regrowth of the explants before immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). For both procedures tested, the best osmoprotective condition for obtaining a higher regrowth of cryopreserved explants occurred when explants were PVS2 treated for 60 min. After direct immersion in LN, thawing and plating, the highest regrowth recorded was 80% with DV and 93% with V cryo-plate. Moreover, shoot tips proved to be a more suitable material for Stevia cryopreservation. A satisfactory vegetative regrowth was observed in the subcultures following cryopreservation by DV and V cryo-plate cryogenic procedures.
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15
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Cryobiotechnology of Plants: A Hot Topic Not Only for Gene Banks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture has always been an important part of human evolution. Traditionally, farming is changing and developing with regard to challenges it faces. The major challenges of modern agriculture are food and nutrition safety for the growing world population. Promoting species and genetic diversity in agriculture appears to be an important approach to dealing with those challenges. Gene banks all around the world play a crucial role in preserving plant genetic resources for future crop improvements. The plant germplasm can be preserved in different ways, depending on the species or form of stored plant tissue. This review focuses on a special preservation method—cryopreservation. Cryopreservation is an effective technique for storing living systems at ultra-low temperatures, usually in liquid nitrogen or its vapor phase. This conservation method is crucial for plants that do not produce seeds or that produce non germinating seeds, as well as for plants that propagate vegetatively. Moreover, based on the cryopreservation method, a novel plant biotechnology tool for pathogen eradication called cryotherapy has been developed. The use of liquid nitrogen eliminates plant pathogens such as viruses, phytoplasmas, and bacteria. Our article reviews recent advances in cryo-biotechnologies such as cryopreservation and cryotherapy, with special focus on studies concerning fruit plants.
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Zhang XC, Bao WW, Zhang AL, Pathirana R, Wang QC, Liu ZD. Cryopreservation of shoot tips, evaluations of vegetative growth, and assessments of genetic and epigenetic changes in cryo-derived plants of Actinidia spp. Cryobiology 2020; 94:18-25. [PMID: 32413358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A droplet-vitrification protocol was described for cryopreservation of shoot tips of kiwifruit 'Yuxiang' (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa). No significant differences were found in root formation and shoot growth between the in vitro-derived shoots (the control) and cryo-derived ones when cultured in vitro. No significant differences were detected in survival and vegetative growth between the in vitro-derived plants (the control) and cryo-derived ones after re-establishment in greenhouse conditions. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) did not detect any polymorphic bands in the cryo-derived shoots when cultured in vitro and the cryo-derived plants after re-establishment in greenhouse conditions. These data indicate rooting ability, vegetative growth and genetic stability are maintained in the cryo-derived kiwifruit plants recovered from the droplet-vitrification cryopreservation. Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) detected 12.8% and 1.6% DNA methylation in the cryo-derived shoots when cultured in vitro and the cryo-derived plants after re-established in greenhouse conditions, respectively. This droplet-vitrification was applied to five cultivars and three rootstocks belonging to A. chinensis var. deliciosa, A. chinensis var. chinensis, A. macrosperma, A. polygama and A. valvata. The highest (68.3%) and lowest (22.5%) shoot regrowth were obtained in A. macrosperma and A. chinensis var. chinensis 'Jinmi', respectively, with an average of 46.4% shoot regrowth obtained across the eight genotypes. The droplet-vitrification protocol described here can be considered the most applicable cryopreservation method so far reported for the genus Actinidia. Results reported here provide theoretical and technical supports for setting up cryo-banks of genetic resources of Actinidia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - A-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranjith Pathirana
- Plant & Food Research Australia Pty Ltd, Waite Institute, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhan-De Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Gulyás A, Magyar-Tábori K, Wang MR, Wang QC, Dobránszki J. In vitro tissue culture of apple and other Malus species: recent advances and applications. PLANTA 2019; 249:975-1006. [PMID: 30788577 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the tissue culture of apple have allowed for molecular, biotechnological and applied breeding research to advance. In the past 8 years, over 100 papers advancing basic biology, genetic transformation and cryobiology have emerged. Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.; Rosaceae) is an important fruit crop grown mainly in temperate regions of the world. In vitro tissue culture is a biotechnological technique that has been used to genetically improve cultivars (scions) and rootstocks. This updated review presents a synthesis of findings related to the tissue culture of apple and other Malus spp. between 2010 and 2018. Increasingly complex molecular studies that are examining the apple genome, for example, in a bid to identify the cause of epigenetic mutations and the role of transposable elements in this process would benefit from genetically stable source material, which can be produced in vitro. Several notable or curious in vitro culture methods have been reported to improve shoot regeneration and induce the production of tetraploids in apple cultivars and rootstocks. Existing studies have revealed the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of adventitious roots by cytokinin. The use of the plant growth correction factor allows hypothetical shoot production from leaf-derived thin cell layers relative to conventional leaf explants to be determined. This updated review will allow novices and established researchers to advance apple and Malus biotechnology and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- , P.O. Box 7, Ikenobe, 3011-2, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan.
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Gulyás
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
| | - Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, IAREF, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary.
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18
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Normah MN, Sulong N, Reed BM. Cryopreservation of shoot tips of recalcitrant and tropical species: Advances and strategies. Cryobiology 2019; 87:1-14. [PMID: 30677412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for practical and successful conservation efforts to establish long-term germplasm collections of recalcitrant and tropical species, given the challenge and threat that these plants are facing. Cryopreservation is the only way of conserving some of these species, especially those with temperature or desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. This review covers reports on cryopreservation studies of shoot tips (apical and axillary) of tropical and subtropical plants. Since many of these species have recalcitrant seeds, the cryopreservation successes, failures and problems involved with these seeds are also discussed. The methodologies, important factors and steps involved in successful cryopreservation protocols are analyzed. Finally strategies are suggested to develop a successful cryopreservation protocol for new plant species, in particular those with tropical recalcitrant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Normah
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norafarain Sulong
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Barbara M Reed
- Retired, US Dept. of Agriculture and Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Kaur S. Cryopreservation of Orchids - A Review. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:114-123. [PMID: 30479222 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666181127143058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The orchids are one of the beautiful creations of nature which stand apart from any other assemblage of flowering plants. They are highly evolutionary and ecologically significant group of plants that have effectively occupied almost every habitat on the earth. Indiscriminate collections and extermination of their natural habitats have threatened many species of orchids with extinction, resulting in a severe reduction of their genetic resources in nature according to recent patents. It is necessary to adopt sound scientific protocols for the preservation of orchid species. METHOD This cost-effective technique provides large storage time for the conservation of germplasm. Presently, efforts have been made to explore various cryopreservation techniques utilized so far and factors affecting the longevity of the propagules (in vivo and in vitro) while cryopreserving them. The sample to be cryopreserved is freeze-preserved in two ways, a) stepwise at two different subzero temperatures and b) in the rapid method, the samples are placed directly in the liquid nitrogen. RESULTS The orchid seeds and pollen are the most suitable propagules for cryopreservation of orchids due to their minute size and less space requirement. CONCLUSION Among the tissues (such as seeds, pollen, protocorms etc.) seeds are the most reliable. The present article reviews the cryopreservation techniques and factors effecting the cryopreservation, for in vitro conservation of orchid gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranjeet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Distt.- Mohali, Punjab, India
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20
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Malik SK, Chaudhury R. Cryopreservation Techniques for Conservation of Tropical Horticultural Species Using Various Explants. CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF HORTICULTURAL GENETIC RESOURCES 2019:579-594. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3669-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Wang MR, Hao XY, Zhao L, Cui ZH, Volk GM, Wang QC. Virus infection reduces shoot proliferation of in vitro stock cultures and ability of cryopreserved shoot tips to regenerate into normal shoots in 'Gala' apple (Malus × domestica). Cryobiology 2018; 84:52-58. [PMID: 30092171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant cryopreservation has provide secure back-ups of germplasm collections of vegetatively propagated crops. Often, recovery levels vary among laboratories when the same cryogenic procedures are used for the same genotypes. The present study investigated the effects of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) on shoot proliferation of in vitro stock cultures and recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of 'Gala' apple. Results showed that virus infection reduced shoot proliferation of in vitro stock cultures and cell ability to regenerate normal shoots in cryopreserved shoot tips. Virus infection increased total soluble protein, total soluble sugar and free proline levels and altered endogenous levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR), but induced severe cell membrane damage and caused alternation in mitochondria shape of the in vitro stock shoots. The altered levels of IAA and ZR were most likely to be responsible for the reduced shoot proliferation of in vitro stock culture. Cell damage and alternations in mitochondria shape in ASGV-infected shoot tips were most likely responsible for the reduced cell ability to regenerate normal shoots following cryopreservation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on effects of virus infection on recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips. Results reported here emphasize that healthy in vitro stock cultures should be used for cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Cui
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gayle M Volk
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, PR China.
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Mathew L, McLachlan A, Jibran R, Burritt DJ, Pathirana R. Cold, antioxidant and osmotic pre-treatments maintain the structural integrity of meristematic cells and improve plant regeneration in cryopreserved kiwifruit shoot tips. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1065-1077. [PMID: 29404697 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a reliable and cost-effective method for the long-term preservation of clonally propagated species. The number of vegetatively propagated species conserved by cryopreservation is increasing through development of vitrification-based methods; droplet vitrification in particular is becoming the preferred method for many species, as it ensures fast freezing and thawing rates. This research investigated if cold, antioxidant and osmotic pre-treatments could maintain the structural integrity of cells, thence aid in developing a droplet vitrification protocol for kiwifruit using Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis 'Hort16A' as a model. Cold acclimation of donor plantlets at 4 °C for 2 weeks followed by sucrose pre-culture of shoot tips and supplementation of ascorbic acid (0.4 mM) in all media throughout the procedure registered 40% regeneration after cryopreservation. Transmission electron microscope imaging of meristematic cells confirmed sucrose and ascorbic acid pre-treatment of shoot tips from cold acclimated plantlets following treatment in vitrification solution exhibited severe plasmolysis and some disruption of membrane and vacuoles. In contrast cells without cold acclimation or sucrose and ascorbic acid pre-treatments exhibited minimal change after exposure to vitrification solution. After cryopreservation and recovery, all cells of untreated shoot tips showed rupture of the plasma membrane, loss of cytoplasmic contents and organelle distortions. By comparison, most pre-treated shoot-tip cells from cold acclimated plantlets retained their structural integrity, showing that only those cells that have been dehydrated and plasmolysed can withstand cryopreservation by vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Mathew
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andrew McLachlan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ranjith Pathirana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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Wang MR, Chen L, Teixeira da Silva JA, Volk GM, Wang QC. Cryobiotechnology of apple (Malus spp.): development, progress and future prospects. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:689-709. [PMID: 29327217 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation provides valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improves the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. Apple (Malus spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Wild Malus genetic resources and existing cultivars provide valuable genes for breeding new elite cultivars and rootstocks through traditional and biotechnological breeding programs. These valuable genes include those resistant to abiotic factors such as drought and salinity, and to biotic factors such as fungi, bacteria and aphids. Over the last three decades, great progress has been made in apple cryobiology, making Malus one of the most extensively studied plant genera with respect to cryopreservation. Explants such as pollen, seeds, in vivo dormant buds, and in vitro shoot tips have all been successfully cryopreserved, and large Malus cryobanks have been established. Cryotherapy has been used for virus eradication, to obtain virus-free apple plants. Cryopreservation provided valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improved the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on the development and progress of apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy. Future research will reveal new applications and uses for apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Gayle M Volk
- National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Bettoni JC, Costa MD, Souza JA, Volk GM, Nickel O, da Silva FN, Kretzschmar AA. Cryotherapy by encapsulation-dehydration is effective for in vitro eradication of latent viruses from 'Marubakaido' apple rootstock. J Biotechnol 2018; 269:1-7. [PMID: 29408198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) are several major viral pathogens of apple trees, responsible for substantial damage to the world's apple industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation technique to eradicate these viral pathogens from in vitro shoot tips excised from 'Marubakaido' apple rootstock cultures. Axillary shoot tips were excised from in vitro cultures, encapsulated in alginate beads, precultured in MS salts, dehydrated in a laminar flow hood, immersed in liquid nitrogen, then warmed and recovered on medium. After LN exposure, in vitro rooting and acclimatization, recovered 'Marubakaido' plants exhibited 52% survival and 35% regrowth without callus formation. After 8 months of regrowth, PCR analyses revealed that all the plants were free of ACLSV and ASPV, but 2 out of 20 recovered plants were still infected with ASGV. This is the first report in Brazil of the application of cryotherapy to eradicate viral complexes in Malus. Cryotherapy can facilitate the production of virus-free plants by producing high quality plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520000, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF, Zip Code 70.040-02, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Gayle M Volk
- USDA- ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Osmar Nickel
- Embrapa Grape & Wine, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, 95700000, Brazil
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Pritchard H, Nadarajan J, Ballesteros D, Thammasiri K, Prasongsom S, Malik S, Chaudhury R, Kim HH, Lin L, Li WQ, Yang XY, Popova E. Cryobiotechnology of tropical seeds – scale, scope and hope. ACTA HORTICULTURAE 2017:37-48. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2017.1167.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Stacey GN, Connon CJ, Coopman K, Dickson AJ, Fuller B, Hunt CJ, Kemp P, Kerby J, Man J, Matejtschuk P, Moore H, Morris J, Oreffo ROC, Slater N, Ward S, Wiggins C, Zimmermann H. Preservation and stability of cell therapy products: recommendations from an expert workshop. Regen Med 2017; 12:553-564. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
If the field of regenerative medicine is to deliver therapies, rapid expansion and delivery over considerable distances to large numbers of patients is needed. This will demand efficient stabilization and shipment of cell products. However, cryopreservation science is poorly understood by life-scientists in general and in recent decades only limited progress has been made in the technology of preservation and storage of cells. Rapid translation of new developments to a broader range of cell types will be vital, as will assuring a deeper knowledge of the fundamental cell biology relating to successful preservation and recovery of cell cultures. This report presents expert consensus on these and other issues which need to be addressed for more efficient delivery of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn N Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles J Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Kemp
- Intercytex Ltd & HairClone, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie Kerby
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Man
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, NIBSC, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) a centre of the MHRA, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Harry Moore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Richard OC Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nigel Slater
- The Bioscience Engineering Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Claire Wiggins
- National Health Service – Blood & Transplant, Watford, UK
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Marine Sciences, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antafogasta/Coquimbo, Chile
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Zhao G, Fu J. Microfluidics for cryopreservation. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:323-336. [PMID: 28153517 PMCID: PMC6236673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has utility in clinical and scientific research but implementation is highly complex and includes labor-intensive cell-specific protocols for the addition/removal of cryoprotective agents and freeze-thaw cycles. Microfluidic platforms can revolutionize cryopreservation by providing new tools to manipulate and screen cells at micro/nano scales, which are presently difficult or impossible with conventional bulk approaches. This review describes applications of microfluidic tools in cell manipulation, cryoprotective agent exposure, programmed freezing/thawing, vitrification, and in situ assessment in cryopreservation, and discusses achievements and challenges, providing perspectives for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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28
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Encapsulation of Shoot Tips and Nodal Segments for in Vitro Storage of “Kober 5BB” Grapevine Rootstock. HORTICULTURAE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae2030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Frozen beauty: The cryobiotechnology of orchid diversity. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:380-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Guan Y, Li SG, Fan XF, Su ZH. Application of Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:938. [PMID: 27446166 PMCID: PMC4919339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a developmental process where a plant somatic cell can dedifferentiate to a totipotent embryonic stem cell that has the ability to give rise to an embryo under appropriate conditions. This new embryo can further develop into a whole plant. In woody plants, somatic embryogenesis plays a critical role in clonal propagation and is a powerful tool for synthetic seed production, germplasm conservation, and cryopreservation. A key step in somatic embryogenesis is the transition of cell fate from a somatic cell to embryo cell. Although somatic embryogenesis has already been widely used in a number of woody species, propagating adult woody plants remains difficult. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis and its practical applications in economic woody plants. Furthermore, we propose a strategy to improve the process of somatic embryogenesis using molecular means.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhen-Hong Su
- Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai, China
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31
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Rugini E, Cristofori V, Silvestri C. Genetic improvement of olive (Olea europaea L.) by conventional and in vitro biotechnology methods. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:687-696. [PMID: 26972849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In olive (Olea europaea L.) traditional methods of genetic improvement have up to now produced limited results. Intensification of olive growing requires appropriate new cultivars for fully mechanized groves, but among the large number of the traditional varieties very few are suitable. High-density and super high-density hedge row orchards require genotypes with reduced size, reduced apical dominance, a semi-erect growth habit, easy to propagate, resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses, with reliably high productivity and quality of both fruits and oil. Innovative strategies supported by molecular and biotechnological techniques are required to speed up novel hybridisation methods. Among traditional approaches the Gene Pool Method seems a reasonable option, but it requires availability of widely diverse germplasm from both cultivated and wild genotypes, supported by a detailed knowledge of their genetic relationships. The practice of "gene therapy" for the most important existing cultivars, combined with conventional methods, could accelerate achievement of the main goals, but efforts to overcome some technical and ideological obstacles are needed. The present review describes the benefits that olive and its products may obtain from genetic improvement using state of the art of conventional and unconventional methods, and includes progress made in the field of in vitro techniques. The uses of both traditional and modern technologies are discussed with recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rugini
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - V Cristofori
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - C Silvestri
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Vujović TI, Ružić ĐV, Cerović RM. Cryopreservation of Serbian autochthonous Prunus spp. by droplet-vitrification. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Filip M, Vlassa M, Coman V, Halmagyi A. Simultaneous determination of glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol in the leaf and fruit peel of different apple cultivars by the HPLC-RI optimized method. Food Chem 2015; 199:653-9. [PMID: 26776021 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection (HPLC-RI), for simultaneous determination of glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol in leaf and/or apple peel samples from nine apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars and rootstocks, originating from a germplasm collection, has been developed and validated. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was applied for the method optimization. The Carbosep Coregel 87H3 column was used under the optimum conditions predicted: mobile phase of H2SO4 0.005 mol L(-1) solution, flow rate of 0.3 mL min(-1) and column temperature of 35°C. The method was validated for linearity (R(2)>0.99), limits of detection (2.67-4.83 μg mL(-1)) and quantification (8.9-16.1 μg mL(-1)), precision (%RSD<5.05) and recovery (93.94-103.06%) and satisfactory results obtained. The sugars content varied across micropropagated plants in vitro, plants regenerated after cryostorage, growing trees in vivo, and fruit peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miuţa Filip
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Vlassa
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Virginia Coman
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Halmagyi
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, Branch of National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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34
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Zhang D, Ren L, Chen GQ, Zhang J, Reed BM, Shen XH. ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event directly affect the cell viability of cryopreserved embryogenic callus in Agapanthus praecox. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1499-513. [PMID: 26104871 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis-like programmed cell death, induced in part by H 2 O 2 , are two key factors that damage cells during plant cryopreservation. Their inhibition can improve cell viability. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event induced by ROS seriously impact plant cell viability during cryopreservation. This study documented changes in cell morphology and ultrastructure, and detected dynamic changes in ROS components (O 2 (·-) , H2O2 and OH·), antioxidant systems, and programmed cell death (PCD) events during embryonic callus cryopreservation of Agapanthus praecox. Plasmolysis, organelle ultrastructure changes, and increases in malondialdehyde (a membrane lipid peroxidation product) suggested that oxidative damage and PCD events occurred at several early cryopreservation steps. PCD events including autophagy, apoptosis-like, and necrosis also occurred at later stages of cryopreservation, and most were apoptosis. H2O2 is the most important ROS molecule mediating oxidative damage and affecting cell viability, and catalase and AsA-GSH cycle are involved in scavenging the intracellular H2O2 and protecting the cells against stress damage in the whole process. Gene expression studies verified changes of antioxidant system and PCD-related genes at the main steps of the cryopreservation process that correlated with improved cell viability. Reducing oxidative stress or inhibition of apoptosis-like event by deactivating proteases improved cryopreserved cell viability from 49.14 to 86.85 % and 89.91 %, respectively. These results verify our model of ROS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like event in plant cryopreservation. This study provided a novel insight into cell stress response mechanisms in cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Rd. Dong Chuan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Muntean CM, Leopold N, Tripon C, Coste A, Halmagyi A. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of genomic DNA from in vitro grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars before and after plant cryopreservation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 144:107-114. [PMID: 25748988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of five genomic DNAs from non-cryopreserved control tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivars Siriana, Darsirius, Kristin, Pontica and Capriciu) respectively, have been analyzed in the wavenumber range 400-1800 cm(-1). Structural changes induced in genomic DNAs upon cryopreservation were discussed in detail for four of the above mentioned tomato cultivars. The surface-enhanced Raman vibrational modes for each of these cases, spectroscopic band assignments and structural interpretations of genomic DNAs are reported. We have found, that DNA isolated from Siriana cultivar leaf tissues suffers the weakest structural changes upon cryogenic storage of tomato shoot apices. On the contrary, genomic DNA extracted from Pontica cultivar is the most responsive system to cryopreservation process. Particularly, both C2'-endo-anti and C3'-endo-anti conformations have been detected. As a general observation, the wavenumber range 1511-1652 cm(-1), being due to dA, dG and dT residues seems to be influenced by cryopreservation process. These changes could reflect unstacking of DNA bases. However, not significant structural changes of genomic DNAs from Siriana, Darsirius and Kristin have been found upon cryopreservation process of tomato cultivars. Based on this work, specific plant DNA-ligand interactions or accurate local structure of DNA in the proximity of a metallic surface, might be further investigated using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Muntean
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Physics, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Tripon
- National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Coste
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Republicii 48, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Halmagyi
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Republicii 48, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abstract
Production of virus-tested material of vegetatively propagated crops through national certification schemes has been implemented in many developed countries for more than 60 years and its importance for being the best virus control means is well acknowledged by growers worldwide. The two most important elements of certification schemes are the use of sensitive, reliable, and rapid detection techniques to check the health status of the material produced and effective and simple sanitation procedures for the elimination of viruses if present in candidate material before it enters the scheme. New technologies such as next-generation sequencing platforms are expected to further enhance the efficiency of certification and production of virus-tested material, through the clarification of the unknown etiology of several graft-transmissible diseases. The successful production of virus-tested material is a demanding procedure relying on the close collaboration of researchers, official services, and the private sector. Moreover, considerable efforts have been made by regional plant protection organizations such as the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO), and the European Union and the USA to harmonize procedures, methodologies, and techniques in order to assure the quality, safety, and movement of the vegetatively propagated material produced around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Varveri
- Laboratory of Virology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- Faculty of agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Lab, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang B, Li JW, Zhang ZB, Wang RR, Ma YL, Blystad DR, Keller ERJ, Wang QC. Three vitrification-based cryopreservation procedures cause different cryo-injuries to potato shoot tips while all maintain genetic integrity in regenerants. J Biotechnol 2014; 184:47-55. [PMID: 24858678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported successful cryopreservation of shoot tips of potato 'Zihuabai' by three vitrification-based protocols. In the present study, cryo-injury to shoot tips and genetic stability in regenerants recovered from cryopreserved shoot tips by the three vitrification-based protocols were further investigated. The results showed that sucrose preculture caused no obviously different injuries, while dehydration with plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) was the step causing major damage to cells of shoot tips, regardless of the cryogenic procedures. Compared with droplet-vitrification and encapsulation-vitrification, vitrification caused the most severe injury to cells of the shoot tips, thus resulting in much longer time duration for shoot recovery and much lower shoot regrowth rate. Cells in apical dome and the youngest leaf primordia were able to survive and subsequently some of them regrew into shoots following all three vitrification-based cryopreservation procedures. Analyses using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in shoots regrown from all three vitrification-based protocols did not find any polymorphic bands. The results reported here suggest that vitrification-based cryo-procedures can be considered promising methods for long-term preservation of potato genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, PR China; Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Bioforsk, N-4213 Ås, Norway
| | - Ren-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yan-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | - E R Joachim Keller
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northwest China of Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, PR China.
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Wang B, Wang RR, Cui ZH, Bi WL, Li JW, Li BQ, Ozudogru EA, Volk GM, Wang QC. Potential applications of cryogenic technologies to plant genetic improvement and pathogen eradication. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:583-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractIn this work, we compared the efficiency of encapsulation-dehydration and droplet-vitrification techniques for cryopreserving grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Portan shoot tips. Recovery of cryopreserved samples was achieved with both techniques; however, droplet-vitrification, which was used for the first time with grapevine shoot tips, produced higher regrowth. With encapsulationdehydration, encapsulated shoot tips were precultured in liquid medium with progressively increasing sucrose concentrations over a 2-day period (12 h in medium with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 M sucrose), then dehydrated to 22.28% moisture content (fresh weight). After liquid nitrogen exposure 37.1% regrowth was achieved using 1 mm-long shoot tips and only 16.0% with 2 mm-long shoot tips. With droplet-vitrification, 50% regrowth was obtained following treatment of shoot tips with a loading solution containing 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min, dehydration with half-strength PVS2 vitrification solution (30% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol, 15% dimethylsulfoxide and 0.4 M sucrose in basal medium) at room temperature, then with full strength PVS2 solution at 0°C for 50 min before direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. No regrowth was achieved after cryopreservation when shoot tips were dehydrated with PVS3 vitrification solution (50% (w/v) glycerol and 50% (w/v) sucrose in basal medium).
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