1
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Fang X, Liu T, Xue C, Xue G, Wu M, Liu P, Hammock BD, Lai W, Peng J, Zhang C. Competitive ratiometric fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay based on dual emission signal for sensitive detection of chlorothalonil. Food Chem 2024; 433:137200. [PMID: 37678117 PMCID: PMC10829940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a competitive ratiometric fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (CRF-LFIA) based on dual emission fluorescence signal, which has great advantage in visual and quantitative detection of Chlorothalonil (CTN). Red-emitted fluorescent magnetic nanobeads (FMNBs) and green-emitted aggregation-induced emission fluorescent microsphere (AIEFM) are synthesized and conjugated to antibodies and antigens respectively, resulting in competitive binding with the analyte. The ratiometric fluorescence signal which comes from the overlap of these two fluorescence emissions. FMNBs probes also provide immunomagnetic separation (IMS) to enrich the analysts and resist complex matrix effects. This strip generates a visually discernible yellow-to-green fluorescence color change in the presence of CTN (2 ng/mL), which could be incisively observed by naked eye. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) reached 0.152 ng/mL by measurement of color (Red-Green-Blue, RGB) signals. Method validation shows a good correlation between CRF-LFIA and LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Chang Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Guangjian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Mengyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Weihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China.
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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2
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Gardner L, Kostarelos K, Mallick P, Dive C, Hadjidemetriou M. Nano-omics: nanotechnology-based multidimensional harvesting of the blood-circulating cancerome. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:551-561. [PMID: 35739399 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the development of 'simple' blood tests that enable cancer screening, diagnosis or monitoring and facilitate the design of personalized therapies without the need for invasive tumour biopsy sampling has been a core ambition in cancer research. Data emerging from ongoing biomarker development efforts indicate that multiple markers, used individually or as part of a multimodal panel, are required to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of assays for early stage cancer detection. The discovery of cancer-associated molecular alterations that are reflected in blood at multiple dimensions (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome) and integration of the resultant multi-omics data have the potential to uncover novel biomarkers as well as to further elucidate the underlying molecular pathways. Herein, we review key advances in multi-omics liquid biopsy approaches and introduce the 'nano-omics' paradigm: the development and utilization of nanotechnology tools for the enrichment and subsequent omics analysis of the blood-circulating cancerome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Gardner
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marilena Hadjidemetriou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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3
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An Immuno-Separated Assay for Ochratoxin Detection Coupled with a Nano-Affinity Cleaning-Up for LC-Confirmation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081155. [PMID: 35454740 PMCID: PMC9026555 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An immuno-separated assay for ochratoxin A detection coupled with a nano-affinity cleaning up for LC-confirmation was developed. Firstly, ochratoxin A was modified to quantum dot beads for immuno-fluorescent reporters. Secondly, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were conjugated with protein G for immuno-magnetic adsorbents. The immuno-separation of fluorescent reporters by magnetic adsorbents could be completed by ochratoxin A, so the fluorescent reporters released from the immune complex indicate a linear correlation with the concentration of ochratoxin A. Furthermore, the immuno-separated ochratoxin A can be eluted from magnetic adsorbent for LC-conformation. The optimized assay showed results as follows: the quantitative range of the immuno-separated assay was 0.03–100 ng mL−1 of ochratoxin A. The recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 78.2% to 91.4%, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) being 11.9%~15.3%. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference between the HPLC-FLD results based on commercial affinity column and by nano-affinity cleaning up.
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4
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Xiong J, Zhang H, Qin L, Zhang S, Cao J, Jiang H. Magnetic Fluorescent Quantum Dots Nanocomposites in Food Contaminants Analysis: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084088. [PMID: 35456904 PMCID: PMC9028821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of food contaminants can cause foodborne illnesses, posing a severe threat to human health. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and convenient method for monitoring food contaminants is eagerly needed. The complex matrix interferences of food samples and poor performance of existing sensing probes bring significant challenges to improving detection performances. Nanocomposites with multifunctional features provide a solution to these problems. The combination of the superior characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and quantum dots (QDs) to fabricate magnetic fluorescent quantum dots (MNPs@QDs) nanocomposites are regarded as an ideal multifunctional probe for food contaminants analysis. The high-efficiency pretreatment and rapid fluorescence detection are concurrently integrated into one sensing platform using MNPs@QDs nanocomposites. In this review, the contemporary synthetic strategies to fabricate MNPs@QDs, including hetero-crystalline growth, template embedding, layer-by-layer assembly, microemulsion technique, and one-pot method, are described in detail, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The recent advances of MNPs@QDs nanocomposites in detecting metal ions, foodborne pathogens, toxins, pesticides, antibiotics, and illegal additives are comprehensively introduced from the perspectives of modes and detection performances. The review ends with current challenges and opportunities in practical applications and prospects in food contaminants analysis, aiming to promote the enthusiasm for multifunctional sensing platform research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Huixia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Linqian Qin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, China; (J.X.); (H.Z.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-4478; Fax: +86-010-6273-1032
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5
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Drozd DD, Byzova NA, Pidenko PS, Tsyupka DV, Strokin PD, Goryacheva OA, Zherdev AV, Goryacheva IY, Dzantiev BB. Luminescent alloyed quantum dots for turn-off enzyme-based assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4471-4480. [PMID: 35359179 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A new bioanalytical labeling system based on alloyed quantum dots' (QDs) photoluminescence quenching caused by an enzymatic reaction has been developed and tested for the first time. The catalytic role of the enzyme provides high sensitivity and the possibility of varying detecting time to improve assay sensitivity. Alloyed luminescent QDs were chosen in view of their small size (5-7 nm) and the high sensitivity of their optical properties to physicochemical interactions. Here, we described the synthesis of alloyed luminescent QDs and demonstrated the possibility of using them as a luminescent turn-off substrate for enzymatic assay. Synthesized alloyed QDs were found to be a sensitive turn-off substrate for glucose oxidase in homogeneous and heterogeneous assay models. CdZnSeS and CdZnSeS/ZnS QDs covered with dihydrolipoic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol were tested. A glucose oxidase limit of detection of 6.6 nM for the heterogenous high-throughput model assay was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil D Drozd
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Byzova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel S Pidenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Daria V Tsyupka
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Pavel D Strokin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A Goryacheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Goryacheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Ramanaviciene A, Popov A, Baliunaite E, Brasiunas B, Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Tamer U, Kirdaite G, Bernotiene E, Mobasheri A. Magneto-Immunoassay for the Detection and Quantification of Human Growth Hormone. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020065. [PMID: 35200326 PMCID: PMC8869458 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and endocrine maintenance of a normal human growth hormone (hGH) concentration is crucial for growth, development, and a number of essential biological processes. In this study, we describe the preparation and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles coated with a gold shell (MNPs-Au). The optimal surface concentration of monoclonal anti-hGH antibodies (m-anti-hGH) on magnetic nanoparticles, as well as conditions that decrease non-specific interactions during the magneto-immunoassay, were elaborated. After the selective recognition, separation, and pre-concentration of hGH by MNPs-Au/m-anti-hGH and the hGH interaction with specific polyclonal biotin-labeled antibodies (p-anti-hHG-B) and streptavidin modified horseradish peroxidase (S-HRP), the MNPs-Au/m-anti-hGH/hGH/p-anti-hGH-B/S-HRP immunoconjugate was formed. The concentration of hGH was determined after the addition of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and hydrogen peroxide substrate solution for HRP; the absorbance at 450 nm was registered after the addition of STOP solution. The developed sandwich-type colorimetric magneto-immunoassay is characterized by a clinically relevant linear range (from 0.1 to 5.0 nmol L-1, R2 0.9831), low limit of detection (0.082 nmol L-1), and negligible non-specific binding of other antibodies or S-HRP. The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of the developed magneto-immunoassay for the concentration and determination of hGH in the serum. Additionally, important technical solutions for the development of the sandwich-type colorimetric magneto-immunoassay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira Ramanaviciene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (A.K.-M.)
- Nanotechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (A.K.-M.)
- Nanotechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Ema Baliunaite
- Nanotechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Benediktas Brasiunas
- Nanotechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.P.); (A.K.-M.)
- Nanotechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Ugur Tamer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara TR-06330, Turkey;
| | - Gailute Kirdaite
- Department of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, The Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius-Tech, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Bobrinetskiy I, Radovic M, Rizzotto F, Vizzini P, Jaric S, Pavlovic Z, Radonic V, Nikolic MV, Vidic J. Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2700. [PMID: 34685143 PMCID: PMC8538910 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors utilizing nanomaterials have received widespread attention in pathogen detection and monitoring. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and electrochemical technologies is reviewed for the development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection of foodborne pathogens and their biomarkers. The overview covers basic electrochemical methods and means for electrode functionalization, utilization of nanomaterials that include quantum dots, gold, silver and magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (carbon and graphene quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and reduced graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, laser-induced graphene), metal oxides (nanoparticles, 2D and 3D nanostructures) and other 2D nanomaterials. Moreover, the current and future landscape of synergic effects of nanocomposites combining different nanomaterials is provided to illustrate how the limitations of traditional technologies can be overcome to design rapid, ultrasensitive, specific and affordable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bobrinetskiy
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (Z.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Marko Radovic
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (Z.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Francesco Rizzotto
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Priya Vizzini
- Department of Agriculture Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Stefan Jaric
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (Z.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Zoran Pavlovic
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (Z.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Vasa Radonic
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (M.R.); (S.J.); (Z.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Maria Vesna Nikolic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
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8
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Quantum and carbon dots conjugated molecularly imprinted polymers as advanced nanomaterials for selective recognition of analytes in environmental, food and biomedical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Guo JB, Wei TL, He QH, Cheng JS, Qiu XZ, Liu WP, Lan XQ, Chen LF, Guo M. A magnetic-separation-based homogeneous immunosensor for the detection of deoxynivalenol coupled with a nano-affinity cleaning up for LC-MS/MS confirmation. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1886254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Biao Guo
- Shaoguan College, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai-Long Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xiu-Zhen Qiu
- Shaoguan College, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang-Pei Liu
- Shaoguan Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Quan Lan
- Shaoguan Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Fen Chen
- Comprehensive Technology Service Center of Shaoguan Customs, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Guo
- Comprehensive Technology Service Center of Shaoguan Customs, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Bacteriophage-based advanced bacterial detection: Concept, mechanisms, and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Dong B, Li H, Sun J, Li Y, Mari GM, Yu X, Yu W, Wen K, Shen J, Wang Z. Magnetic assisted fluorescence immunoassay for sensitive chloramphenicol detection using carbon dots@CaCO 3 nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123942. [PMID: 33254829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods with high sensitivities and short assay times are urgently required for the screening of "zero tolerance" hazardous substances in food. Herein, we propose a fluorescent immunoassay for the highly sensitive and rapid analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) based on carbon dots (CDs)-encapsulated CaCO3 nanospheres and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The fluorescent immunoprobes were prepared by coupling the anti-CAP antibodies to carboxymethyl cellulose-functional CDs@CaCO3 nanospheres. Chitosan-modified MNPs with "core-shell" structures were prepared and then conjugated to the CAP hapten, acting as the nano-carrier and interface for the immunoreaction. With the assistance of MNPs, the established fluorescent immunoassay achieved the sensitive detection of CAP in chicken with a limit of detection of 0.03 μg kg-1 and recoveries ranging from 83.7%-105.0%. The analysis results of the fluorescent immunoassay were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, having a correlation coefficient of 0.981. Our work provides a rapid, facile, and reliable strategy for the highly sensitive analysis of food contaminants based on "green" fluorescent nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Mari
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Shen Y, Xu L, Li Y. Biosensors for rapid detection of Salmonella in food: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:149-197. [PMID: 33443806 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the main causes of foodborne infectious diseases, posing a serious threat to public health. It can enter the food supply chain at various stages of production, processing, distribution, and marketing. High prevalence of Salmonella necessitates efficient and effective approaches for its identification, detection, and monitoring at an early stage. Because conventional methods based on plate counting and real-time polymerase chain reaction are time-consuming and laborious, novel rapid detection methods are urgently needed for in-field and on-line applications. Biosensors provide many advantages over conventional laboratory assays in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, and show superiority in rapid response and potential portability. They are now recognized as promising alternative tools and one of the most on-site applicable and end user-accessible methods for rapid detection. In recent years, we have witnessed a flourishing of studies in the development of robust and elaborate biosensors for detection of Salmonella in food. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on Salmonella biosensors by highlighting different signal-transducing mechanisms (optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, etc.) and critically analyzing its recent trends, particularly in combination with nanomaterials, microfluidics, portable instruments, and smartphones. Furthermore, current challenges are emphasized and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lizhou Xu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Cid-Barrio L, Ruiz Encinar J, Costa-Fernández JM. Catalytic Gold Deposition for Ultrasensitive Optical Immunosensing of Prostate Specific Antigen. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185287. [PMID: 32947809 PMCID: PMC7571086 DOI: 10.3390/s20185287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of bioanalytical methods is to achieve a rapid and robust quantification of disease biomarkers present at very low concentration levels in complex biological samples. An immunoassay platform is presented herein for ultrasensitive and fast detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a well-recognized cancer biomarker. A sandwich type immunosensor has been developed employing a detection antibody labeled with inorganic nanoparticles acting as tags for further indirect quantification of the analyte. The required high sensitivity is then achieved through a controlled gold deposition on the nanoparticle surface, carried out after completing the recognition step of the immunoassay, thus effectively amplifying the size of the nanoparticles from nm to µm range. Due to such an amplification procedure, quantification of the biomolecule could be carried out directly on the immunoassay plates using confocal microscopy for measurement of the reflected light produced by gold-enlarged nanostructures. The high specificity of the immunoassay was demonstrated with the addition of a major abundant protein in serum (albumin) at much higher concentrations. An extremely low detection limit for PSA quantification (LOD of 1.1 fg·mL−1 PSA) has been achieved. Such excellent LOD is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than the clinically relevant PSA levels present in biological samples (4–10 ng·mL−1) and even to monitor eventual recurrence after clinical treatment of a prostate tumor (0.1 ng·mL−1). In fact, the broad dynamic range obtained (4 orders of magnitude) would allow the PSA quantification of diverse samples at very different relevant levels.
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Xue L, Huang F, Hao L, Cai G, Zheng L, Li Y, Lin J. A sensitive immunoassay for simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogens using MnO2 nanoflowers-assisted loading and release of quantum dots. Food Chem 2020; 322:126719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Speranskaya ES, Drozd DD, Pidenko PS, Goryacheva IY. Enzyme modulation of quantum dot luminescence: Application in bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Zhang L, Ying Y, Li Y, Fu Y. Integration and synergy in protein-nanomaterial hybrids for biosensing: Strategies and in-field detection applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Efficiency of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor immobilized on magnetic microparticles on proliferation of NFS-60 cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Magnetic Particles for Advanced Molecular Diagnosis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2158. [PMID: 31284393 PMCID: PMC6651565 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis is the field that aims to develop nucleic-acid-based analytical methods for biological markers and gene expression assessments by combining laboratory medicine and molecular genetics. As it gradually becomes a clinical reality, molecular diagnosis could benefit from improvements resulting from thorough studies that could enhance the accuracy of these methods. The application of magnetic particles in molecular diagnosis tools has led to tremendous breakthroughs in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and discrimination in bioassays. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the principles involved in the implementation of magnetic particles for sample preparation and targeted analyte isolation, purification, and extraction. Furthermore, the most recent advancements in the area of cancer and infectious disease diagnosis are presented, with an emphasis on screening and early stage detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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19
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A theranostic approach to breast cancer by a quantum dots- and magnetic nanoparticles-conjugated peptide. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A novel method based on fluorescent magnetic nanobeads for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Chem 2019; 276:333-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Van Giau V, An SSA, Hulme J. Recent advances in the treatment of pathogenic infections using antibiotics and nano-drug delivery vehicles. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:327-343. [PMID: 30705582 PMCID: PMC6342214 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s190577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide misuse of antibiotics and the subsequent rise of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria have prompted a paradigm shift in the established view of antibiotic and bacterial-human relations. The clinical failures of conventional antibiotic therapies are associated with lengthy detection methods, poor penetration at infection sites, disruption of indigenous microflora and high potential for mutational resistance. One of the most promising strategies to improve the efficacy of antibiotics is to complex them with micro or nano delivery materials. Such materials/vehicles can shield antibiotics from enzyme deactivation, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Alternatively, drug-free nanomaterials that do not kill the pathogen but target virulent factors such as adhesins, toxins, or secretory systems can be used to minimize resistance and infection severity. The main objective of this review is to examine the potential of the aforementioned materials in the detection and treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, ;
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22
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Masud MK, Na J, Younus M, Hossain MSA, Bando Y, Shiddiky MJA, Yamauchi Y. Superparamagnetic nanoarchitectures for disease-specific biomarker detection. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5717-5751. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00174c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, bio-functionalization, and multifunctional activities of superparamagnetic-nanostructures have been extensively reviewed with a particular emphasis on their uses in a range of disease-specific biomarker detection and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA)
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Physical Sciences
- Shahjalal University of Science & Technology
- Sylhet 3114
- Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahriar A. Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
| | - Yoshio Bando
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
- Institute of Molecular Plus
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Sciences and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMMC)
- Griffith University
- QLD 4111
- Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (MANA)
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23
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Li F, Yu Z, Han X, Lai RY. Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for food and water analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1051:1-23. [PMID: 30661605 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global food and water safety issues have prompted the development of highly sensitive, specific, and fast analytical techniques for food and water analysis. The electrochemical aptamer-based detection platform (E-aptasensor) is one of the more promising detection techniques because of its unique combination of advantages that renders these sensors ideal for detection of a wide range of target analytes. Recent research results have further demonstrated that this technique has potential for real world analysis of food and water contaminants. This review summaries the recently developed E-aptasensors for detection of analytes related to food and water safety, including bacteria, mycotoxins, algal toxins, viruses, drugs, pesticides, and metal ions. Ten different electroanalytical techniques and one opto-electroanalytical technique commonly employed with these sensors are also described. In addition to highlighting several novel sensor designs, this review also describes the strengths, limitations, and current challenges this technology faces, and future development trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Li
- Post-Doctoral Research Center of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, 408100, China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Post-Doctoral Research Center of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, 408100, China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xianda Han
- Post-Doctoral Research Center of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, 408100, China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Rebecca Y Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, United States.
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Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Electrochemical ELISA-Based Immunoassays for Cancer Biomarker Detection. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072010. [PMID: 29932161 PMCID: PMC6069457 DOI: 10.3390/s18072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based immunoassays for cancer biomarker detection have recently attracted much interest owing to their higher sensitivity, amplification of signal, ease of handling, potential for automation and combination with miniaturized analytical systems, low cost and comparative simplicity for mass production. Their developments have considerably improved the sensitivity required for detection of low concentrations of cancer biomarkers present in bodily fluids in the early stages of the disease. Recently, various attempts have been made in their development and several methods and processes have been described for their development, amplification strategies and testing. The present review mainly focuses on the development of ELISA-based electrochemical immunosensors that may be utilized for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. Various fabrication methods and signal enhancement strategies utilized during the last few years for the development of ELISA-based electrochemical immunosensors are described.
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25
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Chen F, Haddour N, Frenea-Robin M, Chevolot Y, Monnier V. Polyamidoamine Dendrimers as Crosslinkers for Efficient Electron Transfer between Redox Probes onto Magnetic Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feixiong Chen
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Ecully, F- 69130 France
| | - Naoufel Haddour
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5005; Laboratoire Ampère; Ecully, F- 69130 France
| | - Marie Frenea-Robin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5005; Laboratoire Ampère; Villeurbanne, F- 69622 France
| | - Yann Chevolot
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Ecully, F- 69130 France
| | - Virginie Monnier
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5270; Ecully, F- 69130 France
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Synergetic Effects of Combined Nanomaterials for Biosensing Applications. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051010. [PMID: 28467365 PMCID: PMC5469533 DOI: 10.3390/s17051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have become essential components for the development of biosensors since such nanosized compounds were shown to clearly increase the analytical performance. The improvements are mainly related to an increased surface area, thus providing an enhanced accessibility for the analyte, the compound to be detected, to the receptor unit, the sensing element. Nanomaterials can also add value to biosensor devices due to their intrinsic physical or chemical properties and can even act as transducers for the signal capture. Among the vast amount of examples where nanomaterials demonstrate their superiority to bulk materials, the combination of different nano-objects with different characteristics can create phenomena which contribute to new or improved signal capture setups. These phenomena and their utility in biosensor devices are summarized in a non-exhaustive way where the principles behind these synergetic effects are emphasized.
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