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Kato K, Serata M, Nakamura M, Ando M, Suzuki T, Okumura T. Cell wall polysaccharide enhances Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota growth in milk and contributes to acid and bile tolerance. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 422:110811. [PMID: 39018886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
LCPS-1, a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS), is bound to the cell wall of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (formerly known as Lactobacillus casei) strain Shirota (LcS). Generally, the role of CWPS in the viability and survivability of bacteria is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of LCPS-1 in the viability and survivability of LcS. A mutant strain completely lacking LCPS-1 was constructed and evaluated for growth in bovine and soy milk and susceptibility to acid and bile. The growth of the mutant in bovine and soy milk temporarily stalled after the late logarithmic phase while wild-type LcS continued growing, resulting in a significantly lower number of viable cells for the mutant strain (p < 0.01). Significantly higher cell death relative to that of the wild-type strain was observed for the mutant strain following acid treatment at pH 3.0 (p < 0.01), with 60 and 92 % survival, respectively. The absence of LCPS-1 also reduced the survival rate of LcS cells from 3.3 to 0.8 % following 0.2 % bile treatment. The survival rate of the mutant after consecutive treatment with acid and bile was 19 %, while 73 % of the wild-type LcS survived. These results indicate that LCPS-1 leads to higher LcS growth in milk and improves tolerance to acid and bile. This study reveals the contribution of probiotic bacterial CWPS to acidic and gastrointestinal stress tolerance. Based on these findings, characterizing and modifying CWPS in probiotic strains could enhance manufacturing yields and improve gastrointestinal stress tolerance after consumption by hosts, ultimately advancing the development of more effective probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Masaki Serata
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakamura
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Minoru Ando
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Takekazu Okumura
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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2
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Mathews R, Chu Y. An encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the effect of oats on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular risk, diabetes risk, body weight/adiposity and gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39137936 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The ability of oats to reduce blood cholesterol is well established but there is increasing evidence that its health benefits extend well beyond that. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the state of the science of oats in relation to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and diabetes risk and the effects of oats on blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, weight management and gut health from meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Limited epidemiological data indicated a possible beneficial effect of oats on all-cause mortality and incident diabetes when high versus low oat consumers were compared, but its effect on cardiovascular events was not adequately discerned. Observational data also showed an inverse association between oat intake and blood cholesterol, blood pressure, body weight and obesity variables in different populations. Randomized controlled oat intervention studies demonstrated a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, fasting blood glucose in diabetic subjects, blood pressure in prehypertensive individuals, and body weight and adiposity in overweight individuals. Increased fecal bulk was observed but clinical data for a potential gut barrier effect is lacking. The mechanism of action of each health effect was reviewed. While beta-glucan viscosity was once considered the only mode of action, it is evident that the fermentation products of beta-glucan and the associated gut microbial changes, as well as other components in oats (i.e., avenanthramides etc.) also play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YiFang Chu
- Nutrition Sciences, PepsiCo Global R&D, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Chen K, Geng H, Ye C, Liu J. Dysbiotic alteration in the fecal microbiota of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0429123. [PMID: 38990031 PMCID: PMC11302149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04291-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease associated with high androgen and infertility. The gut microbiota plays an important role in metabolic diseases including obesity, hyperglycemia, and fatty liver. Although the gut microbiota has been associated with PCOS, little is known about the gut microbial structure and function in individuals with PCOS from Northeast China. In this study, 17 PCOS individuals and 17 age-matched healthy individuals were recruited for community structure and function analysis of the gut microbiota. The results showed that PCOS individuals have reduced diversity and richness of the gut microbiota compared with healthy individuals. Beta diversity analysis showed that the community structure of the gut microbiota of individuals with PCOS was significantly separated from healthy individuals. At the phylum level, PCOS individuals have reduced Firmicutes and Bacteroidota and increased Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria compared with healthy individuals. At the family and genus levels, the composition of the gut microbiota between PCOS patients and healthy individuals was also significantly different. In addition, PICRUSt2 showed that individuals with PCOS have different microbial functions in the gut compared with healthy individuals. We finally confirmed that Bifidobacterium was enriched in the fecal samples of PCOS patients, while other 11 genera including Bacteroides, UCG_002, Eubacterium__coprostanoligenes_group_unclassified, Dialister, Firmicutes_unclassified, Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Clostridia_UCG_014_unclassified, Roseburia, and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified were depleted compared with healthy individuals. These results indicate that individuals with PCOS have altered community structure and functions of the gut microbiota, which suggests that targeting the gut microbiota might be a potential strategy for PCOS intervention. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the development of PCOS. There is a complex and close interaction between PCOS and gut microbiota. The relationship between the pathogenesis and pathophysiological processes of PCOS and the structure and function of the gut microbiota needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huafeng Geng
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junbao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Ge Q, Yan Y, Luo Y, Teng T, Cao C, Zhao D, Zhang J, Li C, Chen W, Yang B, Yi Z, Chang T, Chen X. Dietary supplements: clinical cholesterol-lowering efficacy and potential mechanisms of action. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:349-368. [PMID: 38659110 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2342301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to analyse the efficacy of dietary supplements in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Focusing on evidence from meta-analyses of randomised controlled clinical trials, with an emphasis on potential mechanisms of action as supported by human, animal, and cell studies. Certain dietary supplements including phytosterols, berberine, viscous soluble dietary fibres, garlic supplements, soy protein, specific probiotic strains, and certain polyphenol extracts could significantly reduce plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 3-25% in hypercholesterolemic patients depending on the type of supplement. They tended to be more effective in reducing plasma LDL cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic individuals than in normocholesterolemic individuals. These supplements worked by various mechanisms, such as enhancing the excretion of bile acids, inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, increasing the expression of hepatic LDL receptors, suppressing the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis, and activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy and Information, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tai Teng
- Ningxia Guolong Hospital Co., LTD, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Binkun Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zicheng Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengwen Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
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5
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Wang X, Dong F, Liu G, Ye L, Xiao F, Li X, Zhang T, Wang Y. Probiotic properties and the ameliorative effect on DSS-induced colitis of human milk-derived Lactobacillus gasseri SHMB 0001. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3078-3093. [PMID: 38605580 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Human milk contains a variety of microorganisms that exert benefit for human health. In the current study, we isolated a novel Lactobacillus gasseri strain named Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri) SHMB 0001 from human milk and aimed to evaluate the probiotic characteristics and protective effects on murine colitis of the strain. The results showed that L. gasseri SHMB 0001 possessed promising potential probiotic characteristics, including good tolerance against artificial gastric and intestinal fluids, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, susceptibility to antibiotic, no hemolytic activity, and without signs of toxicity or infection in mice. Administration of L. gasseri SHMB 0001 (1 × 108 CFU per gram of mouse weight per day) reduced weight loss, the disease activity index, and colon shortening in mice during murine colitis conditions. Histopathological analysis revealed that L. gasseri SHMB 0001 treatment attenuated epithelial damage and inflammatory infiltration in the colon. L. gasseri SHMB 0001 treatment increased the expression of colonic occludin and claudin-1 while decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. L. gasseri SHMB 0001 modified the composition and structure of the gut microbiota community and partially recovered the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways altered by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Overall, our results indicated that the human breast milk-derived L. gasseri SHMB 0001 exhibited promising probiotic properties and ameliorative effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice. L. gasseri SHMB 0001 may be applied as a promising probiotic against intestinal inflammation in the future. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: L. gasseri SHMB 0001 isolated from human breast milk showed good tolerance to gastrointestinal environment, safety, and protective effect against DSS-induced mice colitis via enforcing gut barrier, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulating gut microbiota. L. gasseri SHMB 0001 may be a promising probiotic candidate for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaojie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Donor Human Milk Bank, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Donor Human Milk Bank, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Han J, McClements DJ, Liu X, Liu F. Oral delivery of probiotics using single-cell encapsulation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13322. [PMID: 38597567 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Adequate intake of live probiotics is beneficial to human health and wellbeing because they can help treat or prevent a variety of health conditions. However, the viability of probiotics is reduced by the harsh environments they experience during passage through the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Consequently, the oral delivery of viable probiotics is a significant challenge. Probiotic encapsulation provides a potential solution to this problem. However, the production methods used to create conventional encapsulation technologies often damage probiotics. Moreover, the delivery systems produced often do not have the required physicochemical attributes or robustness for food applications. Single-cell encapsulation is based on forming a protective coating around a single probiotic cell. These coatings may be biofilms or biopolymer layers designed to protect the probiotic from the harsh gastrointestinal environment, enhance their colonization, and introduce additional beneficial functions. This article reviews the factors affecting the oral delivery of probiotics, analyses the shortcomings of existing encapsulation technologies, and highlights the potential advantages of single-cell encapsulation. It also reviews the various approaches available for single-cell encapsulation of probiotics, including their implementation and the characteristics of the delivery systems they produce. In addition, the mechanisms by which single-cell encapsulation can improve the oral bioavailability and health benefits of probiotics are described. Moreover, the benefits, limitations, and safety issues of probiotic single-cell encapsulation technology for applications in food and beverages are analyzed. Finally, future directions and potential challenges to the widespread adoption of single-cell encapsulation of probiotics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Liu X, Tu P, Zhang Y, Xu W, Shan J, Gao B. Aldicarb disturbed bile acid, steroid hormone and oxylipin homeostasis in C57BL/6 J mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116285. [PMID: 38564866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in human health. The homeostasis of the gut microbiota could be affected by many factors, including environmental chemicals. Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide used to control a variety of insects and nematode pests in agriculture. Aldicarb is highly toxic and its wide existence has become a global public health concern. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that aldicarb disturbed the gut microbial community structure and composition. However, the impacts of aldicarb on gut microbiota-derived metabolites, bile acids, remain elusive. In present study, we performed targeted metabolomics analysis to explore the effects of aldicarb exposure on bile acids, as well as steroid hormones and oxylipins in the serum, feces and liver of C57BL/6 J mice. Our results showed that aldicarb exposure disturbed the level of various bile acids, steroid hormones and oxylipins in the serum and feces of C57BL/6 J mice. In the liver, the level of cortisol was decreased, meanwhile 15,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid was increased in aldicarb-treated mice. Metagenomic sequencing analysis showed that the relative abundance of a bile salt hydrolase, choloylglycine hydrolase (EC:3.5.1.24) and a sulfatase enzyme involved in steroid hormone metabolism, arylsulfatase, was significantly increased by aldicarb exposure. Furthermore, correlations were found between gut microbiota and various serum metabolites. The results from this study are helpful to improve the understanding of the impact of carbamate insecticides on host and microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Weichen Xu
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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8
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Jingjing F, Weilin J, Shaochen S, Aman K, Ying W, Yanyi C, Pengya F, Byong-Hun J, El-Sayed S, Zhenmin L, Pu L, Xiangkai L. A Probiotic Targets Bile Acids Metabolism to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis by Reducing Conjugated Bile Acids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300731. [PMID: 38480985 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and dysregulated bile acids (BAs) metabolism have been linked to ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. The possibility of utilizing live probiotics with a defined BAs-metabolizing capability to modify the composition BAs for UC treatment remains unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, Strain GR-4 is sourced from traditional Chinese fermented food, "Jiangshui," and demonstrated the ability to deconjugate two common conjugated BAs by over 69% and 98.47%, respectively. It administers strain GR-4 to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice, and observes an overall alleviation of UC symptoms, as evidence by improved colon morphology, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and restores intestinal barrier function. Importantly, these effects are reliant on an intact commensal microbiota, as depletion of GM mitigated GR-4s efficacy. Metabolomics analysis unveils a decline in conjugated BAs and an increase in secondary BAs following GR-4 administration. GM analysis indicates that GR-4 selectively enriches bacterial taxa linked to BAs metabolism, enhancing GM's capacity to modify BAs. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates the potential for natural fermented foods and probiotics to effectively manipulate BAs composition, including conjugated and secondary BAs, to alleviate UC symptoms, underscoring the benefits of these approaches for gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jingjing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Weilin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Su Shaochen
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Khan Aman
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wu Ying
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yanyi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Pengya
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jeon Byong-Hun
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Salama El-Sayed
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhenmin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Liu Pu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiangkai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang J, Zhou J, He Z, Li H. Bacteroides and NAFLD: pathophysiology and therapy. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1288856. [PMID: 38572244 PMCID: PMC10988783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1288856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition observed globally, with the potential to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD is characterized by histopathological abnormalities in the liver, such as lipid accumulation, steatosis, hepatic balloon degeneration, and inflammation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly contribute to the initiation and advancement of NAFLD. Bacteroides, a potential probiotic, has shown strong potential in preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD. However, the precise mechanism by which Bacteroides treats NAFLD remains uncertain. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the role of Bacteroides and its metabolites in the treatment of NAFLD, focusing on their ability to reduce liver inflammation, mitigate hepatic steatosis, and enhance intestinal barrier function. Additionally, we summarize how Bacteroides alleviates pathological changes by restoring the metabolism, improving insulin resistance, regulating cytokines, and promoting tight-junctions. A deeper comprehension of the mechanisms through which Bacteroides is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD should aid the development of innovative drugs targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheyun He
- Liver Diseases Institute, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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11
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Yang R, Ahmad S, Liu H, Xu Q, Yin C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yan H. Biodegradation of Cholesterol by Enterococcus faecium YY01. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2979. [PMID: 38138122 PMCID: PMC10745435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol (CHOL) is one of the risk factors causing the blockage of the arterial wall, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and other serious cardiovascular diseases. Here, a promising bacterial strain for biodegrading CHOL was successfully isolated from the gut of healthy individuals and identified as Enterococcus faecium YY01 with an analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence. An initial CHOL of 1.0 g/L was reduced to 0.5 g/L in 5 days, and glucose and beef extract were found to be optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the rapid growth of YY01, respectively. To gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying CHOL biodegradation, the draft genome of YY01 was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. Choloylglycine hydrolase, acyltransferase, and alkyl sulfatase was encoded by gene0586, gene1890, and gene2442, which play crucial roles in converting 3α, 7α, 12α-trihydroxy-5β-choranic acid to choline-CoA and then choline-CoA to bile acid. Notably, choloylglycine hydrolase was closely related to the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary bile acid. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the metabolism pathway of CHOL biodegradation by YY01 and offer a potential avenue for the development of bacterioactive drugs against hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (R.Y.); (S.A.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
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12
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Hu Y, Xie Y, Su Q, Fu J, Chen J, Liu Y. Probiotic and Safety Evaluation of Twelve Lactic Acid Bacteria as Future Probiotics. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:521-530. [PMID: 37722019 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut flora is highly diverse. Most lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used as probiotics in human and animal husbandry and have a variety of physiological benefits. This article mainly studied the bacteriostatic ability of LAB against four pathogenic bacteria, gastrointestinal environment tolerance, and adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells. The genome of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L461 was sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that strains F512, L461, and D469 had the most significant inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica B, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, strains L461, C502, and P231 showed good tolerance after exposure to simulated gastric fluid for 0-4 h. Strains C502, H781, and L461 showed good tolerance in simulated intestinal fluid. Strains L461 and H781 showed good adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The number of viable bacteria was more than 60. Therefore, we screened L. plantarum L461 from 12 LAB strains through three aspects of evaluation, and conducted whole genome sequencing and analysis. Sequencing results showed that L. plantarum L461 had more defense mechanisms and phage annotation genes than L. plantarum WCFS1. Virulence factor studies showed that L. plantarum L461 has iron absorption system and adhesion-related gene annotation, indicating that L. plantarum L461 has survival advantage in intestinal tract. The predicted results showed that there were eight phages with phage resistance in L. plantarum L461. L. plantarum L461 is sensitive to several antibiotics, notably penicillin and oxacillin. In summary, the results of this study prove that L. plantarum L461 has good prebiotic function and is safe. Therefore, L. plantarum L461 can be safely used as a potential functional probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingtai Su
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahao Fu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jialu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Intensive Processing Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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13
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Roldán-Pérez S, Gómez Rodríguez SL, Sepúlveda-Valencia JU, Ruiz Villadiego OS, Márquez Fernández ME, Montoya Campuzano OI, Durango-Zuleta MM. Assessment of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an artisanal Colombian cheese. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21558. [PMID: 38027952 PMCID: PMC10658276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria play an important role in the milk fermentation processes of traditional cheeses and have become an important target for the development of novel cheese cultures because of their ability to confer health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of 12 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains previously isolated and molecularly identified from an artisanal Colombian Double-Cream Cheese. Probiotic properties, including safety (hemolysis and sensibility to antibiotics), pH and bile salt tolerance, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and exopolysaccharide production, were examined. None of the strains were hemolytic, and Pediococcus (16, 18) and Lactobacillus (28, 29) were found to be sensitive to all antibiotics. Moreover, all the strains tolerated pH (3.0, 6.5 and 8.0) and bile salt conditions (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 % w/v). Pediococcus pentosaceus (16), Leuconostoc citreum (17), Pediococcus acidilactici (18), Enterococcus faecium (21,22), Enterococcus faecalis (24) and Limosilactobacillus fermentum (29) exhibited medium autoaggregation and affinity to chloroform. Six of the strains exhibited a ropy exopolysaccharide phenotype. Antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, was found to be strain dependent, with the strains 16, 18, 21, 26, 28 and 29 presenting a higher inhibition (>4 mm) against all of them. According to Principal Component Analysis, P. pentosaceus (16), Leu. mesenteroides (26), L. casei (28), L. fermentum (29), and E. faecium (21) showed strong probiotic properties. Our findings suggest that five strains out of the 12 sampled strains are potential probiotics that could be used in the processing of traditional dairy products on an industrial scale to improve their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Roldán-Pérez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga I. Montoya Campuzano
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Medellín, Colombia
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14
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Liu X, Qi X, Han R, Mao T, Tian Z. Gut microbiota causally affects cholelithiasis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253447. [PMID: 37876873 PMCID: PMC10591199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota is closely linked to cholesterol metabolism-related diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. However, whether gut microbiota plays a causal role in cholelithiasis remains unclear. Aims This study explored the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholelithiasis. We hypothesize that the gut microbiota influences cholelithiasis development. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization method was combined with STRING analysis to test this hypothesis. Summary data on gut microbiota and cholelithiasis were obtained from the MiBioGen (n=13,266) and FinnGen R8 consortia (n=334,367), respectively. Results Clostridium senegalense, Coprococcus3, and Lentisphaerae increased the risk of cholelithiasis and expressed more bile salt hydrolases. In contrast, Holdemania, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 weakly expressed bile salt hydrolases and were implied to have a protective effect against cholelithiasis by Mendelian randomization analysis. Conclusion Gut microbiota causally influences cholelithiasis and may be related to bile salt hydrolases. This work improves our understanding of cholelithiasis causality to facilitate the development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Shao J, Mu Z, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Song X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ai L, Wang G. bsh1 Gene of Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 Plays an Important Role in Ameliorating Western Diet-Aggravated Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:9337-9348. [PMID: 37288995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Western diet is thought to increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and probiotics are a potential therapeutic agent for IBD. This study revealed the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 and L. plantarum AR113Δbsh1 on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model under the Western diet (WD). After four weeks of WD and low-sugar and low-fat diet (LD) intervention, induction with 3% DSS, and intragastric administration of probiotics, we found that L. plantarum AR113 could regulate blood glucose and lipid levels and have a certain protective effect on hepatocytes. Our results suggested that the L. plantarum AR113 alleviated DSS-induced colitis under the Western diet by improving dyslipidemia, repairing intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inhibiting the TLR4/Myd88/TRAF-6/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. However, these changes were not demonstrated in the L. plantarum AR113Δbsh1, and therefore, we reasoned that the presence of bsh1 may play a crucial role in the L. plantarum AR113 exerting its anti-inflammatory function. The relationship between bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and colitis was worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiyong Mu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yijin Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, China
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16
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Li J, Yang G, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Jiang X, Xin Y. Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in type 2 diabetes and related diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172400. [PMID: 37396381 PMCID: PMC10310354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide, with many patients developing long-term complications that affect their cardiovascular, urinary, alimentary, and other systems. A growing body of literature has reported the crucial role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, one of which, Akkermansia muciniphila, is considered the "next-generation probiotic" for alleviating metabolic disorders and the inflammatory response. Although extensive research has been conducted on A. muciniphila, none has summarized its regulation in T2D. Hence, this review provides an overview of the effects and multifaceted mechanisms of A. muciniphila on T2D and related diseases, including improving metabolism, alleviating inflammation, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and maintaining microbiota homeostasis. Furthermore, this review summarizes dietary strategies for increasing intestinal A. muciniphila abundance and effective gastrointestinal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Tomita T, Fukui H, Okugawa T, Nakanishi T, Mieno M, Nakai K, Eda H, Kitayama Y, Oshima T, Shinzaki S, Miwa H. Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on the Intestinal Environment and Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D)-like Symptoms in Patients with Quiescent Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103368. [PMID: 37240476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)-like symptoms are distressing for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (qCD) and worsen their quality of life. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on the intestinal environment and clinical features in patients with qCD. Eleven patients with qCD, who met the Rome III diagnostic criteria for IBS-D, received BBG9-1 (24 mg) orally three times daily for 4 weeks. Indices of the intestinal environment (fecal calprotectin level and gut microbiome) and clinical features (CD/IBS-related symptoms, quality of life and stool irregularities) were evaluated before and after treatment. Treatment with BBG9-1 tended to reduce the IBS severity index in the studied patients (p = 0.07). Among gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain and dyspepsia tended to be improved by the BBG9-1 treatment (p = 0.07 and p = 0.07, respectively), and IBD-related QOL showed a significant improvement (p = 0.007). With regard to mental status, the patient anxiety score was significantly lower at the endpoint of BBG9-1 treatment than at the baseline (p = 0.03). Although BBG9-1 treatment did not affect the fecal calprotectin level, it suppressed the serum MCP-1 level significantly and increased the abundance of intestinal Bacteroides in the study patients. The probiotic BBG9-1 is able to improve IBD-related QOL with a reduction of anxiety score in patients with quiescent CD and IBS-D-like symptoms.
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Grants
- 21K08016 Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 18K07986 Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 20210115 Fund from Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Okugawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Mieno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Eda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kitayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
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18
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Ertürkmen P, Fırıncıoğulları B, Öner Z. The Expression Levels of Genes Responsible for the Enzymatic Activity of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) and the Relationship of Cholesterol Assimilation in L. plantarum and L. paracasei. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:205. [PMID: 37156986 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity is responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of the probiotic strains. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between bsh gene-expression (GE) levels responsible for the BSH activity and the parameters of bile salt resistance of different Lactobacillaceae species. Accordingly, 11 Lactobacillaceae family strains with high cholesterol assimilation ratio (49.21-68.22%) determined by the o-phthalaldehyde method selected from 46 Lactobacillaceae species was evaluated for their features including acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and BSH activity. All tested strains survived at pH 2 medium and 0.3% (w/v) bile salt and showed positive BSH activity for glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA). BSH gene expression was performed to provide clear information and to identify the key genes responsible for BSH activity. bsh3 genes were found highest GE level (P < 0.05) in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains. The results showed that high cholesterol assimilation ratio were closely correlated with BSH activity and the parameters of bile salt resistance. The results of this study will support the development of a new approach based on phenotypic and genetic analysis to determine the bile salt parameters. The study will be useful for the selection of Lactobacillus strains with high bile salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ertürkmen
- Department of Food Processing, Burdur Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15130, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Beste Fırıncıoğulları
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Öner
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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19
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Wang Y, Wang J, Li H, Lao J, Jia D, Liu J, Wang J, Luo J, Guan G, Yin H, Li Y. Antioxidant effects of Bifidobacterium longum T37a in mice weight loss and aging model induced by D-galactose. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:103. [PMID: 37061697 PMCID: PMC10105457 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics can reduce free radical scavenging rate and oxidative damage, and improve activity of crucial antioxidative enzymes in host cells. This study aimed to isolate Bifidobacterium spp. from faeces of babies, and investigate the antioxidant effects of the Bif. longum T37a in mice weight loss and aging model induced by D-galactose. RESULTS T37a have good antioxidant properties in the DPPH assay and anti-lipid peroxidation test. Compared with the model group, T37a low group significantly increased the thymus index and the levels of T-AOC and GSH-Px of mice. T37a high group significantly decreased the spleen and liver index of mice and the levels of MDA in liver, significantly increased in liver HDL-C levels, and decreased LDL-C in liver. CONCLUSIONS T37a may be an anti-aging and weight-loss probiotics for its antioxidant capacity, and it is necessary to study further the molecular mechanism of T37a as antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hehai Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlong Lao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Youquan Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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20
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Xu M, Lan R, Qiao L, Lin X, Hu D, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhou J, Ren Z, Li X, Liu G, Liu L, Xu J. Bacteroides vulgatus Ameliorates Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition in Hyperlipidemic Rats. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0251722. [PMID: 36625637 PMCID: PMC9927244 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02517-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor and key indicator for cardiovascular diseases, and the gut microbiota is highly associated with hyperlipidemia. Bacteroides vulgatus is a prevalent mutualist across human populations and confers multiple health benefits such as immunoregulation, antiobesity, and coronary artery disease intervention. However, its role in antihyperlipidemia has not been systematically characterized. This study sought to identify the effect of B. vulgatus Bv46 on hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemic rats were modeled by feeding them a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The effect of B. vulgatus Bv46 supplementation was evaluated by measuring anthropometric parameters, lipid and inflammation markers, and the liver pathology. Multi-omics was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. The ability of B. vulgatus Bv46 to produce bile salt hydrolase was confirmed by gene annotation and in vitro experiments. Oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 in hyperlipidemic rats significantly reduced the body weight gain, food efficiency, and liver index, improved the serum lipid profile, lowered the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, promoted the loss of fecal bile acids (BAs), and extended the fecal pool of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate and butyrate. B. vulgatus Bv46 induced compositional shifts of the gut microbial community of hyperlipidemic rats, characterized by a lower ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes with an increase of genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. After intervention, serum metabolite profiling exhibited an adaptation in amino acids and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Transcriptomics further detected altered biological processes, including primary bile acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolic process. Taken together, the findings suggest that B. vulgatus Bv46 could be a promising candidate for interventions against hyperlipidemia. IMPORTANCE As a core microbe of the human gut ecosystem, Bacteroides vulgatus has been linked to multiple aspects of metabolic disorders in a collection of associative studies, which, while indicative, warrants more direct experimental evidence to verify. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated that oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 ameliorated the serum lipid profile and systemic inflammation of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats in a microbiome-regulated manner, which appears to be associated with changes of bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, and serum metabolomic profile. This finding supports the causal contribution of B. vulgatus in host metabolism and helps to form the basis of novel therapies for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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21
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Jin Y, Wu J, Hu D, Li J, Zhu W, Yuan L, Chen X, Yao J. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Levilactobacillus brevis Strains as Probiotics in Litchi Juice Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020302. [PMID: 36673393 PMCID: PMC9857889 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Levilactobacillus brevis strains can be isolated from traditional Chinese pickles and used as the starter cultures to improve the nutritional profiles of fermented juices. Three L. brevis strains (LBG-29, LBG-24, LBD−14) that produce high levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA; >300 mg/L) were isolated from traditional Chinese pickles. The strains showed tolerance to low pH and high bile salts and exhibited safety in vitro. Litchi juice was fermented using each strain at 37 °C for 48 h. The litchi juice was determined to be a good substrate for fermentation as the process enhanced its functional profile. Overall, cell vitality increased (above 8.7 log10 CFU/mL), the antioxidant activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were significantly increased, and the antioxidant capacity of the 2,2′-amino-di(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6)ammonium salt (ABTS) was decreased. There was also a significant increase in the GABA and acetic acid content after LBG-29 and LBG-24 fermentation. It was thus determined that the LBG-29 and LBG-24 strains could be used to improve beverage functionality and aid in the development of new products. This is the first report of litchi fermentation using L. brevis as a starter culture. Further research is required to elucidate the functional benefits for the human body and the nutritional and functional properties during its shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyong Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Hefei CAS Health Bio-Industrial Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei CAS Health Bio-Industrial Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Wuhan Zhongke Optics Valley Green Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Hefei CAS Health Bio-Industrial Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Hefei CAS Health Bio-Industrial Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence: or (X.C.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-551-65591399 (X.C. & J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yao
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: or (X.C.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-551-65591399 (X.C. & J.Y.)
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22
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Yu L, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Narbad A, Tian F, Zhai Q, Chen W. Cholestasis: exploring the triangular relationship of gut microbiota-bile acid-cholestasis and the potential probiotic strategies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2181930. [PMID: 36864554 PMCID: PMC9988349 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2181930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a condition characterized by the abnormal production or excretion of bile, and it can be induced by a variety of causes, the factors of which are extremely complex. Although great progress has been made in understanding cholestasis pathogenesis, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, it is important to understand and distinguish cholestasis from different etiologies, which will also provide indispensable theoretical support for the development of corresponding therapeutic drugs. At present, the treatment of cholestasis mainly involves several bile acids (BAs) and their derivatives, most of which are in the clinical stage of development. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ecological disorders of the gut microbiota are strongly related to the occurrence of cholestasis, in which BAs also play a pivotal role. Recent studies indicate that probiotics seem to have certain effects on cholestasis, but further confirmation from clinical trials is required. This paper reviews the etiology of and therapeutic strategies for cholestasis; summarizes the similarities and differences in inducement, symptoms, and mechanisms of related diseases; and provides information about the latest pharmacological therapies currently available and those under research for cholestasis. We also reviewed the highly intertwined relationship between gut microbiota-BA-cholestasis, revealing the potential role and possible mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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23
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Almeida MEDE, Pessoa WFB, Melgaço ACC, Ramos LP, Rezende RP, Romano CC. In vitro selection and characterization of probiotic properties in eight lactobacillus strains isolated from cocoa fermentation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20220013. [PMID: 36541978 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, probiotic microorganisms are isolated from human and animal intestinal microbiota. However, the demand for diversification of biofunctional products has driven the search for new sources of probiotic candidates, such as fermented foods and vegetables. The present study found that strains isolated from the fermentation of fine cocoa from southern Bahia have biotechnological potential for use as a probiotic, since they showed capacity for self-aggregation and co-aggregation, antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogens and resistance to gastrointestinal transits. Scores of importance for each property were established in order to more accurately assess the probiotic potential of the strains. The tests carried out contemplate the criteria previously established for the selection of probiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena E DE Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Laboratório de Imunologia, Campos Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 456662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Wallace Felipe B Pessoa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Departmento de Fisiologia e Patologia, s/n, Via Pau Brasil, Conj. Pres. Castelo Branco III, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara C Melgaço
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Laboratório de Imunologia, Campos Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 456662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Louise P Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Laboratório de Imunologia, Campos Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 456662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Rachel P Rezende
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Laboratório de Imunologia, Campos Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 456662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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24
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Li ZJ, Gou HZ, Zhang YL, Song XJ, Zhang L. Role of intestinal flora in primary sclerosing cholangitis and its potential therapeutic value. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6213-6229. [PMID: 36504550 PMCID: PMC9730442 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i44.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic cholestasis, a persistent inflammation of the bile ducts that leads to sclerotic occlusion and cholestasis. Gut microbes, consisting of microorganisms colonized in the human gut, play an important role in nutrient intake, metabolic homeostasis, immune regulation, and immune regulation; however, their presence might aid PSC development. Studies have found that gut-liver axis interactions also play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSC. Patients with PSC have considerably reduced intestinal flora diversity and increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora leads to increased intestinal permeability, homing of intestinal lymphocytes, entry of bacteria and their associated metabolites, such as bile acids, into the liver, stimulation of hepatic immune activation, and promotion of PSC. Currently, PSC effective treatment is lacking. However, a number of studies have recently investigated the targeted modulation of gut microbes for the treatment of various liver diseases (alcoholic liver disease, metabolic fatty liver, cirrhosis, and autoimmune liver disease). In addition, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotics have been reported as successful PSC therapies as well as for the treatment of gut dysbiosis, suggesting their effectiveness for PSC treatment. Therefore, this review briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in PSC with the aim of providing new insights into PSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jiao Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Gou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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25
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Liu X, Lv X, Sun Y, Liu C, Wang R, Liu R, Ma Y, Li Q. Probiotic properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus grx10 revolved with complete genome. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Dhameliya HA, Thakkar VR, Subramanian RB. Bile salt deconjugation and in-vitro cholesterol-lowering ability of probiotic bacteria isolated from buttermilk. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Factors Determining Effective Probiotic Activity: Evaluation of Survival and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Probiotic Products Using an "In Vitro" Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163323. [PMID: 36014829 PMCID: PMC9413312 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many different probiotic products on the market. Are they all equally effective? What criteria should a probiotic formulation meet to provide the most benefit to the patient? The current research aims to evaluate the parameters that influence the effectiveness of market probiotic products. These properties are critical for restoring eubiosis in patients with drug-induced dysbiosis or other pathological conditions, which could be caused by stress, wrong eating. Methods: The disintegration time of probiotic capsules in hydrochloric acid was investigated using a disintegration testing device. The survival rate of probiotic preparations in hydrochloric acid at pH 2 and in a 0.4% bile solution was then evaluated. For this purpose, the number of bacteria before and after incubation in the respective solutions was determined using the plate method. Inhibition of gastrointestinal pathogens by the probiotic products was determined using the Strus bar graph method. The highest survival rate of probiotic bacteria at low pH is shown by preparations produced in the form of acid-resistant capsules. Conclusions: The most important factor determining the good survival of bacterial strains under conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract is the type of capsule used for their production and storage. The best antimicrobial activity against most common human gastrointestinal pathogens such as Eschericha coli, Shigella, Salmonella spp., Clostridioides difficile (the largest inhibition zones) are shown by probiotic products with the greatest diversity of bacterial strains.
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28
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Khusro A, Aarti C. Metabolic heterogeneity and techno-functional attributes of fermented foods-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Lu M, Sun J, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhou J, Dang H, Zhang J, Huang W, Qi C, Li D. Prevention of High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia by Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 Through Promoting Cholesterol and Bile Salt Excretion and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions. Front Nutr 2022; 9:851541. [PMID: 35369106 PMCID: PMC8967143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.851541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lactobacillus reuteri Fn041 (Fn041) is a probiotic isolated from immunoglobulin A coated microbiota in the human breast milk of Gannan in China with a low incidence of hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Fn041 in preventing hypercholesterolemia caused by a high-fat diet in mice. Methods C57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet and gavage with Fn041 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for 8 weeks. Results Both Fn041 and LGG prevented the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia, liver and testicular fat accumulation. In addition, a high-fat diet causes intestinal dysbiosis and mucosal barrier damage, which is associated with hypercholesterolemia. Fn041 prevented the high-fat diet-induced reduction in alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Fn041 treatment significantly increased fecal total cholesterol and total bile acids. Conclusions Fn041 prevented hypercholesterolemia by enhancing cholesterol excretion and mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Lu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuning Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyang Dang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ce Qi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Qi
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Duo Li
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30
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Xu Y, Jing H, Wang J, Zhang S, Chang Q, Li Z, Wu X, Zhang Z. Disordered Gut Microbiota Correlates With Altered Fecal Bile Acid Metabolism and Post-cholecystectomy Diarrhea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:800604. [PMID: 35250923 PMCID: PMC8894761 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-cholecystectomy diarrhea (PCD) is a common complication of gallbladder removal, and gut microbiota changes have been determined in PCD patients. Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is supposed to be the main pathogenic factor for PCD due to the disrupted fecal bile acid metabolism in diarrheal patients. However, the profiling of bile acid metabolite alteration in PCD is unclear and whether changed gut microbiota and fecal bile acid metabolism are correlated is also underdetermined. The fecal bile acid metabolites from fecal samples were profiled by targeted UPLC/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer) and the composition of fecal bile acid metabolites in PCD patients was demonstrated to be distinct from those in Non-PCD and HC groups. In addition, the quantification of bile acid excretion in feces of diarrheal patients was significantly elevated. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that PCD patients had the lowest operational taxonomic units (OTU) and significant reduction in microbial richness and evenness. Bacterial composition was remarkably shifted in PCD patients, which mainly lay in dominated phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. Besides, the co-abundance network among genus bacteria declined in PCD. Among the genera, Prevotella, Enterococcus, and Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003 were enriched, but Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium were reduced. Moreover, these disease-linked genera were closely associated with several diarrheal phenotypes. Notably, changed bile acid metabolites exhibited strong correlations with gut microbiota as well. Conclusively, this study reveals associations between PCD-linked microbes and bile acid metabolites, which may synergistically correlate to postoperative diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimeng Chang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanming Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xubo Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xubo Wu,
| | - Ziping Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ziping Zhang,
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31
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Ni Y, Lu M, Xu Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Li Y, Zhuang T, Xia C, Zhang T, Gou XJ, Zhou M. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acids Axis in the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908011. [PMID: 35832821 PMCID: PMC9271914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an emerging global health problem affecting 25-30% of the total population, refers to excessive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) without significant alcohol intake. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD will lead to an increasing number of cirrhosis patients, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requiring liver transplantation, while the current treatments for NAFLD and its advanced diseases are suboptimal. Accordingly, it is necessary to find signaling pathways and targets related to the pathogenesis of NAFLD for the development of novel drugs. A large number of studies and reviews have described the critical roles of bile acids (BAs) and their receptors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The gut microbiota (GM), whose composition varies between healthy and NAFLD patients, promotes the transformation of more than 50 secondary bile acids and is involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD through the GM-BAs axis. Correspondingly, BAs inhibit the overgrowth of GM and maintain a healthy gut through their antibacterial effects. Here we review the biosynthesis, enterohepatic circulation, and major receptors of BAs, as well as the relationship of GM, BAs, and the pathogenesis of NAFLD in different disease progression. This article also reviews several therapeutic approaches for the management and prevention of NAFLD targeting the GM-BAs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ni
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-jun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Xiao-jun Gou,
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingmei Zhou,
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32
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Feng L, Zhang W, Shen Q, Miao C, Chen L, Li Y, Gu X, Fan M, Ma Y, Wang H, Liu X, Zhang X. Bile acid metabolism dysregulation associates with cancer cachexia: roles of liver and gut microbiome. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1553-1569. [PMID: 34585527 PMCID: PMC8718071 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome in which bile acid (BA) metabolism might be involved. The aim of the present study was to clarify the contribution of liver and gut microbiota to BA metabolism disturbance in cancer cachexia and to check the possibility of targeting BA metabolism using agents such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) for cancer cachexia therapy. METHODS The BA profiles in liver, intestine, and serum of mice with cancer cachexia induced by inoculation of colon C26 tumour cells were analysed using metabolomics methods and compared with that of control mice. Proteomic analysis of liver protein expression profile and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of gut microbiota composition in cancer cachexia mice were conducted. Expression levels of genes related to farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling pathway in the intestine and liver tissues were analysed using RT-PCR analysis. The BA profiles in serum of clinical colon cancer patients with or without cachexia were also analysed and compared with that of healthy volunteers. The effects of TUDCA in treating cancer cachexia mice were observed. RESULTS In the liver of cancer cachexia mice, expression of BA synthesis enzymes was inhibited while the amount of total BAs increased (P < 0.05). The ratios of conjugated BAs/un-conjugated BAs significantly increased in cancer cachexia mice liver (P < 0.01). Gut microbiota dysbiosis such as decrease in Lachnospiraceae and increase in Enterobacteriaceae was observed in the intestine of cancer cachexia mice, and microbial metabolism of BAs was reduced. Increase in expression of FGF15 in intestine (P < 0.01) suggested the activation of FXR signalling pathway which might contribute to the regulation of BA synthesis enzymes, transporters, and metabolic enzymes. Increase in the BA conjugation was observed in the serum of cancer cachexia mice. Results of clinical patients showed changes in BA metabolism, especially the increase in BA conjugation, and also suggested compensatory mechanism in BA metabolism regulation. Oral administration of 50 mg/kg TUDCA could significantly ameliorate the decrease in body weight (P < 0.001), muscle loss (P < 0.001), and atrophy of heart and liver (P < 0.05) in cancer cachexia mice without influence on tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS Bile acid metabolism dysregulation such as decrease in BA synthesis, increase in BA conjugation, and decrease in BA microbial metabolism was involved in development of cancer cachexia in mice. Targeting BA metabolism using agents such as TUDCA might be helpful for cancer cachexia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Feng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Miao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushui Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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The Role of Gut Microbiota on Cholesterol Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158074. [PMID: 34360839 PMCID: PMC8347163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia plays a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis and is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide especially in developed countries. Current data show that the role of microbiota extends beyond digestion by being implicated in several metabolic and inflammatory processes linked to several diseases including CVD. Studies have reported associations between bacterial metabolites and hypercholesterolemia. However, such associations remain poorly investigated and characterized. In this review, the mechanisms of microbial derived metabolites such as primary and secondary bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) will be explored in the context of cholesterol metabolism. These metabolites play critical roles in maintaining cardiovascular health and if dysregulated can potentially contribute to CVD. They can be modulated via nutritional and pharmacological interventions such as statins, prebiotics, and probiotics. However, the mechanisms behind these interactions also remain unclear, and mechanistic insights into their impact will be provided. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to present current knowledge on potential mechanisms whereby microbial metabolites regulate cholesterol homeostasis and to discuss the feasibility of modulating intestinal microbes and metabolites as a novel therapeutic for hypercholesterolemia.
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Ding Z, Hani A, Li W, Gao L, Ke W, Guo X. Influence of a cholesterol-lowering strain Lactobacillus plantarum LP3 isolated from traditional fermented yak milk on gut bacterial microbiota and metabolome of rats fed with a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 11:8342-8353. [PMID: 32930686 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
L. plantarum LP3 isolated from traditinal fermented Tibetan yak milk has been identified as a potential probiotic candidate strain with high cholesterol-lowering activity. In this study, thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, including normal diet (NC), high-fat diet (HC), and high-fat diet + L. plantarum LP3 (HLp). The effects of L. plantarum LP3 on plasma lipid profile, gut bacterial microbiota, and metabolome induced by high-fat diet in rats were investigated. Results shown that L. plantarum LP3 administration was found to reduce the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index in the serum of high-fat diet rats. It also controlled the decrease of Bacteroidetes and increase of Firmicutes at the phylum level in gut microbiota induced by high-fat diet in SD rats and increased the diversity and relative abundance of intestinal flora in obese rats. In particular, the LP3 strain controlled the changes induced by the high-fat diet in the abundance of for Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae. We also further observed the beneficial regulatory effects of L. plantarum LP3 on changes in the levels of obesity-related metabolites. The biosynthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and bile acids and metabolism of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were the main metabolic pathways adjusted by L. plantarum LP3 in obese rats, and the metabolic rates were similar to those observed in normal diet rats levels. The findings of this study provided useful information on the mechanism underlying the hypocholesterolemic effects of L. plantarum LP3 in the high-fat induced SD rat model with the perspective of modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. and Probiotics and biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Anum Hani
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. and Probiotics and biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. and Probiotics and biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Li'e Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. and Probiotics and biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. and Probiotics and biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. and Probiotics and biological Feed Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017709118. [PMID: 33526676 PMCID: PMC8017965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017709118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transformation of bile acids (BAs) by the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important factor shaping host health. The prerequisite step of BA metabolism is carried out by bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), which are encoded by select gut and probiotic bacteria. Despite their prevalence, the utility of harboring a bsh is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of BSHs encoded by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. We show that BA type and BSH substrate preferences affect in vitro and in vivo growth of both species. These findings contribute to a mechanistic understanding of bacterial survival in various BA-rich niches and inform future efforts to leverage BSHs as a therapeutic tool for manipulating the gut microbiota. Primary bile acids (BAs) are a collection of host-synthesized metabolites that shape physiology and metabolism. BAs transit the gastrointestinal tract and are subjected to a variety of chemical transformations encoded by indigenous bacteria. The resulting microbiota-derived BA pool is a mediator of host–microbiota interactions. Bacterial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) cleave the conjugated glycine or taurine from BAs, an essential upstream step for the production of deconjugated and secondary BAs. Probiotic lactobacilli harbor a considerable number and diversity of BSHs; however, their contribution to Lactobacillus fitness and colonization remains poorly understood. Here, we define and compare the functions of multiple BSHs encoded by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. Our genetic and biochemical characterization of lactobacilli BSHs lend to a model of Lactobacillus adaptation to the gut. These findings deviate from previous notions that BSHs generally promote colonization and detoxify bile. Rather, we show that BSH enzymatic preferences and the intrinsic chemical features of various BAs determine the toxicity of these molecules during Lactobacillus growth. BSHs were able to alter the Lactobacillus transcriptome in a BA-dependent manner. Finally, BSHs were able to dictate differences in bacterial competition in vitro and in vivo, defining their impact on BSH-encoding bacteria within the greater gastrointestinal tract ecosystem. This work emphasizes the importance of considering the enzymatic preferences of BSHs alongside the conjugated/deconjugated BA–bacterial interaction. These results deepen our understanding of the BA–microbiome axis and provide a framework to engineer lactobacilli with improved bile resistance and use probiotics as BA-altering therapeutics.
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Shah T, Baloch Z, Shah Z, Cui X, Xia X. The Intestinal Microbiota: Impacts of Antibiotics Therapy, Colonization Resistance, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126597. [PMID: 34202945 PMCID: PMC8235228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes exist in the human body, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. The main role of the intestinal microbiome is the fermentation of non-digestible substrates and increased growth of beneficial microbes that produce key antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, etc., to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes besides other functions. Intestinal microbiota can prevent pathogen colonization through the mechanism of colonization resistance. A wide range of resistomes are present in both beneficial and pathogenic microbes. Giving antibiotic exposure to the intestinal microbiome (both beneficial and hostile) can trigger a resistome response, affecting colonization resistance. The following review provides a mechanistic overview of the intestinal microbiome and the impacts of antibiotic therapy on pathogen colonization and diseases. Further, we also discuss the epidemiology of immunocompromised patients who are at high risk for nosocomial infections, colonization and decolonization of multi-drug resistant organisms in the intestine, and the direct and indirect mechanisms that govern colonization resistance to the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Zahir Shah
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
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Probiotic Potential and Cholesterol-Lowering Capabilities of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 'Chachiensis'. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061224. [PMID: 34200041 PMCID: PMC8227569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 'Chachiensis' (PCR-Chachiensis), the pericarps of Citri Reticulatae Blanco cv. Chachiensis, is a food condiment and traditional medicine in southeast and eastern Asia. Its rich and various bacterial community awaits exploration. The present study is the first report on probiotic screening and characterization of bacteria from PCR-Chachiensis. Based on 64 culturable bacterial isolates, 8 strains were screened out to have great survival in the simulated gastrointestinal stressful condition, being nonhemolytic and without biogenic amine formation. They were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as two Bacillus, three Lactobacillus, and three strains from Bacillales. Their probiotic properties, cholesterol-lowering potential and carbohydrate utilization capability were further investigated. Though these eight strains all displayed distinct cholesterol removal potential, Bacillus licheniformis N17-02 showed both remarkable cholesterol removal capability and presence of bile salt hydrolase gene, as well as possessing most of the desirable probiotic attributes. Thus, it could be a good probiotic candidate with hypocholesterolemic potential. Bacillus megaterium N17-12 displayed the widest carbohydrate utilization profile and the strongest antimicrobial activity. Hence, it was promising to be used as a probiotic in a host and as a fermentation starter in fermented food or feed.
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38
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MAFRA JF, CRUZ AIC, SANTANA TSD, FERREIRA MA, ARAÚJO FM, EVANGELISTA-BARRETO NS. Probiotic characterization of a commercial starter culture used in the fermentation of sausages. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Wang C, Hu HJ, Dong QQ, Huang R, Zhao W, Song YJ, Li ZY, Wang N, Zhang TC, Luo XG. Enhancing bile tolerance of Lactobacilli is involved in the hypolipidemic effects of liraglutide. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1395-1404. [PMID: 33784390 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liraglutide is an analog of human glucagon-like peptide-1 which play essential roles in regulation of glycolipid metabolism. To investigate role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in lipid-lowering effect of liraglutide, 40 mice were divided into normal food diet (NFD), high-fat food (HFD), 10.0 mg/kg/d simvastatin-treated HFD (SIM + HFD), 200 and 400 µg/kg/d liraglutide-treated HFD (LL + HFD and HL + HFD) groups for 5 weeks. We found that liraglutide could upregulate cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and LDL-receptor (LDLR), whereas downregulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Besides, liraglutide enhance abundance of lactobacillaceae in gut of hyperlipidemic mice and increase bile tolerance ability of LAB by upregulating bile salt hydrolases, and the lysate of liraglutide-sensitive LAB could also directly downregulate HMGCR, the key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, and inhibit hepatocyte steatosis. These findings might provide new theoretical guidance for clinical application of liraglutide and research and development of antiobesity, hypolipidemic, and cholesterol-lowering drugs or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
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Ayyash MM, Abdalla AK, AlKalbani NS, Baig MA, Turner MS, Liu SQ, Shah NP. Invited review: Characterization of new probiotics from dairy and nondairy products-Insights into acid tolerance, bile metabolism and tolerance, and adhesion capability. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8363-8379. [PMID: 33934857 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The selection of potential probiotic strains that possess the physiological capacity of performing successfully in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a critical challenge. Probiotic microorganisms must tolerate the deleterious effects of various stresses to survive passage and function in the human GIT. Adhesion to the intestinal mucosa is also an important aspect. Recently, numerous studies have been performed concerning the selection and evaluation of novel probiotic microorganisms, mainly probiotic bacteria isolated from dairy and nondairy products. Therefore, it would be crucial to critically review the assessment methods employed to select the potential probiotics. This article aims to review and discuss the recent approaches, methods used for the selection, and outcomes of the evaluation of novel probiotic strains with the main purpose of supporting future probiotic microbial assessment studies. The findings and approaches used for assessing acid tolerance, bile metabolism and tolerance, and adhesion capability are the focus of this review. In addition, probiotic bile deconjugation and bile salt hydrolysis are explored. The selection of a new probiotic strain has mainly been based on the in vitro tolerance of physiologically related stresses including low pH and bile, to ensure that the potential probiotic microorganism can survive the harsh conditions of the GIT. However, the varied experimental conditions used in these studies (different types of media, bile, pH, and incubation time) hamper the comparison of the results of these investigations. Therefore, standardization of experimental conditions for characterizing and selecting probiotics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutamed M Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdelmoneim K Abdalla
- Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Nadia S AlKalbani
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Affan Baig
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mark S Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2 117542, Singapore
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Zheng S, Cui J, Guo T, Zhang J. Effect of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus plantarum Y15 on high cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemic mice. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1914176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jiale Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Shen H, Ding L, Baig M, Tian J, Wang Y, Huang W. Improving glucose and lipids metabolism: drug development based on bile acid related targets. Cell Stress 2021; 5:1-18. [PMID: 33447732 PMCID: PMC7784708 DOI: 10.15698/cst2021.01.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatment options for severe obesity and its comorbidities. However, it is a major surgery that poses several side effects and risks which impede its clinical use. Therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative safer pharmacological approaches to mimic bariatric surgery. Recent studies suggest that bile acids are key players in mediating the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery. Bile acids can function as signaling molecules by targeting bile acid nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, like FXR and TGR5 respectively. In addition, the composition of bile acids is regulated by either the hepatic sterol enzymes such as CYP8B1 or the gut microbiome. These bile acid related targets all play important roles in regulating metabolism. Drug development based on these targets could provide new hope for patients without the risks of surgery and at a lower cost. In this review, we summarize the most updated progress on bile acid related targets and development of small molecules as drug candidates based on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mehdi Baig
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Chourasia R, Abedin MM, Chiring Phukon L, Sahoo D, Singh SP, Rai AK. Biotechnological approaches for the production of designer cheese with improved functionality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:960-979. [PMID: 33325160 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cheese is a product of ancient biotechnological practices, which has been revolutionized as a functional food product in many parts of the world. Bioactive compounds, such as peptides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, have been identified in traditional cheese products, which demonstrate functional properties such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulation, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Besides, cheese-making probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a positive impact on gut health, aiding in digestion, and improved nutrient absorption. Advancement in biotechnological research revealed the potential of metabolite production with prebiotics and bioactive functions in several strains of LAB, yeast, and filamentous fungi. The application of specific biocatalyst producing microbial strains enhances nutraceutical value, resulting in designer cheese products with multifarious health beneficial effects. This review summarizes the biotechnological approaches applied in designing cheese products with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Md Minhajul Abedin
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India.,Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
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Selection of Potential Probiotic Bacteria from Exclusively Breastfed Infant Faeces with Antagonistic Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:739-750. [PMID: 33190215 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has brought a significant rise in antimicrobial resistance, and the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species) have considerably aggravated a threat to public health, causing nosocomial infections worldwide. The objective of the current study was to isolate novel probiotic strain with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. For this purpose, eighteen breastfed infant faeces were collected and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antagonistic activity were isolated. Out of 102 anaerobic LAB isolated, only nine exhibited inhibitory activity against all ESKAPE pathogens. These selected nine isolates were further characterized for their probiotic attributes such as lysozyme tolerance, simulated gastrointestinal tolerance, cellular auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity. Bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol-lowering capacity was also determined. Among all nine, isolate LBM220 was found to possess superior probiotic potential. Confirmatory identification of isolate LBM220 was done by both 16S rRNA sequence analysis and mass spectrometric analysis using MALDI-TOF. Based on BLAST result, isolate LBM220 was identified as Lactobacillus gasseri. Phylogenetic analysis of Lactobacillus gasseri LBM220 [accession number MN097539] was performed. Also, detailed safety evaluation study of Lact. gasseri LBM220 showed the presence of intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the absence of hemolytic, DNase, gelatinase and toxic mucinolytic activity. Time kill assay was also performed to confirm the strong kill effect of Lact. gasseri LBM220 on all six multidrug resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Thus, Lact. gasseri LBM220 can be utilized and explored as potential probiotic with therapeutic intervention.
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Huang W, Wang G, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Ai L. Bile salt hydrolase-overexpressing Lactobacillus strains can improve hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro in an NAFLD cell model. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3751. [PMID: 33281535 PMCID: PMC7681781 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver diseases that occur in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. The probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus casei LC2W, which overexpresses the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) gene (referred to as pWQH01), and Lactobacillus plantarum AR113, which exhibits high BSH activity, have been shown to improve hepatic lipid accumulation and may lower cholesterol levels in vivo. These effects may be BSH-dependent, as L. casei LC2W without BSH activity did not exert these beneficial effects. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus with high BSH activity on cholesterol accumulation and lipid metabolism abnormalities in oleic acid (OA)- and cholesterol-induced HepG2 cell models, and to determine the mechanism underlying the effects. Design A HepG2 cell model of OA-induced steatosis and cholesterol-induced cholesterol accumulation was developed. OA- and cholesterol-treated HepG2 cells were incubated with L. plantarum AR113, L. casei LC2W or L. casei pWQH01 for 6 h at 37°C with 5% CO2. Subsequently, a series of indicators and gene expressions were analysed. Results Both L. plantarum AR113 and L. casei pWQH01 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, total cholesterol (TC) levels and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) mRNA expression relative to the control group, whereas L. casei LC2W had no similar effect. Additionally, exposure to L. plantarum AR113 or L. casei pWQH01 significantly reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) andsignificantly increased the expression of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Conclusion Both L. plantarum AR113 and L. casei pWQH01 appear to improve steatosis in vitro in a BSH-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Panwar H, Rokana N, Aparna SV, Kaur J, Singh A, Singh J, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Puniya AK. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S V Aparna
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K S Singh
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Anjum J, Nazir S, Tariq M, Barrett K, Zaidi A. Lactobacillus commensals autochthonous to human milk have the hallmarks of potent probiotics. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:966-980. [PMID: 32886600 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal milk is an important source of essential nutrients for the optimal growth of infants. Breastfeeding provides a continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to colonize the infant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and offers health benefits for disease prevention and immunity. The purpose of this study was to isolate novel probiotic strains from the breast milk of native Pakistani mothers and to evaluate their probiotic potential. We isolated 21 strains of bacteria from the colostrum and mature milk of 20 healthy mothers, who had vaginal deliveries and were not taking antibiotics. After phenotypic and genotypic characterization, these isolates were tested for survival in the GIT using in vitro acid and bile tests. Nine strains showing good acid tolerance were assessed for their growth rate, bile resistance and ability to hydrolyze bile salts. Out of the four Lactobacillus isolates adjudged to be most promising as probiotics, three were Lactobacillus fermentum strains and one was a strain of Lactobacillus oris. This study demonstrates that human milk is a viable source of commensal bacteria beneficial to both adults and babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasia Anjum
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nazir
- Dept of Pediatrics, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kim Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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Domingos-Lopes MFP, Stanton C, Ross RP, Silva CCG. Histamine and cholesterol lowering abilities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Pico cheese. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1428-1440. [PMID: 32500572 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to select lactic acid bacteria with histamine- and cholesterol-reducing abilities to be used as potential probiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an artisanal raw milk cheese were screened for their abilities to degrade histamine, reduce cholesterol and hydrolyse bile salts. Strains were also screened for safety and probiotic traits, such as resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, resistance to antibiotics and presence of virulence genes. Two Lactobacillus paracasei strains presented high cholesterol- and histamine-lowering abilities, tested negative for the presence of virulence genes and showed susceptibility to most important antibiotics. These strains were also shown to possess desirable in vitro probiotic properties, revealed by tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions and high adhesion to intestinal cells. CONCLUSIONS Among the screened strains, Lb. paracasei L3C21M6 revealed the best cholesterol and histamine reducing abilities together with desirable probiotic and safety features to be used in food applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The strain L3C21M6 is a good candidate for use as a probiotic with histamine-degrading activity and cholesterol lowering effect. In addition, this strain could be use in dairy foods to prevent histamine food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F P Domingos-Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente dos Açores (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - C Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Reseach Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C C G Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente dos Açores (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Grigor’eva IN, Romanova TI. Gallstone Disease and Microbiome. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E835. [PMID: 32498344 PMCID: PMC7356158 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GSD) has, for many years, remained a high-cost, socially significant public health problem. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been carried out-both in humans and in animal models-confirming the role of the microbiota in various sections of the gastrointestinal tract as a new link in the etiopathogenesis of GSD. The microbiome of bile correlates with the bacterial composition of saliva, and the microbiome of the biliary tract has a high similarity with the microbiota of the duodenum. Pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity, through mechanisms of immunomodulation, can affect the motility of the gallbladder and the expression of mucin genes (MUC1, Muc3, MUC4), and represent one of the promoters of stone formation in the gallbladder. The presence of H. pylori infection contributes to the formation of gallstones and affects the occurrence of complications of GSD, including acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis. Intestinal bacteria (Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Escherichia coli) participating in the oxidation and epimerization of bile acids can disrupt enterohepatic circulation and lead to the formation of gallstones. At the same time, cholecystectomy due to GSD leads to the further transformation of the composition of the microbiota in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the risk of developing stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. Further research is required to determine the possibility of using the evaluation of the composition of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts as an early diagnostic marker of various gastroenterological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana I. Romanova
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia;
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Rajab S, Tabandeh F, Shahraky MK, Alahyaribeik S. The effect of lactobacillus cell size on its probiotic characteristics. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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