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Rasuli N, Riahi H, Shariatmadari Z, Nohooji MG, Dehestani A, MehrabanJoubani P. Growth enhancement, metabolic profile improvement, and DXR and TPS2 gene expression changes in Thymus vulgaris L. by cyanobacterial inoculation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5751-5763. [PMID: 38381096 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades cyanobacterial species have attracted research attention as potential sources of new biostimulants. In this study, the biostimulant effects of five cyanobacterial suspensions on the growth and essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. were evaluated. The expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of thymol and carvacrol, such as DXR and TPS2, were investigated. RESULTS A pot culture experiment revealed that cyanobacterial application significantly improved T. vulgaris L. growth indices, including plant height, dry and fresh weight, leaf and flower number, leaf area, and photosynthetic pigment content. Total phenol and flavonoid content in inoculated plants also showed a significant increase compared with the control. Anabaena torulosa ISB213 inoculation significantly increased root and shoot biomass by about 65.38% and 92.98% compared with the control, respectively. Nostoc calcicola ISB215 inoculation resulted in the highest amount of essential oil accumulation (18.08 ± 0.62) in T. vulgaris leaves, by about 72.19% compared with the control (10.5 ± 0.50%). Interestingly, the amount of limonene in the Nostoc ellipsosporum ISB217 treatment (1.67%) increased significantly compared with the control and other treatments. The highest expression rates of DXR and TPS2 genes were observed in the treatment of N. ellipsosporum ISB217, with 5.92-fold and 5.22-fold increases over the control, respectively. CONCLUSION This research revealed the potential of the cyanobacteria that were studied as promising biostimulants to increase the production of biomass and secondary metabolites of T. vulgaris L., which could be a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rasuli
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Riahi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shariatmadari
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Dehestani
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Pooyan MehrabanJoubani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
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2
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Dickey RM, Gopal MR, Nain P, Kunjapur AM. Recent developments in enzymatic and microbial biosynthesis of flavor and fragrance molecules. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:43-60. [PMID: 38616038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Flavors and fragrances are an important class of specialty chemicals for which interest in biomanufacturing has risen during recent years. These naturally occurring compounds are often amenable to biosynthesis using purified enzyme catalysts or metabolically engineered microbial cells in fermentation processes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the categories of molecules that have received the greatest interest, both academically and industrially, by examining scholarly publications as well as patent literature. Overall, we seek to highlight innovations in the key reaction steps and microbial hosts used in flavor and fragrance manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Madan R Gopal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Aditya M Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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3
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Gao Q, Dong Y, Huang Y, Liu S, Zheng X, Ma Y, Qi Q, Wang X, Zhao ZK, Yang X. Dual-Regulation in Peroxisome and Cytoplasm toward Efficient Limonene Biosynthesis with Rhodotorula toruloides. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 38860733 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Rhodotorula toruloides is a potential workhorse for production of various value-added chemicals including terpenoids, oleo-chemicals, and enzymes from low-cost feedstocks. However, the limited genetic toolbox is hindering its metabolic engineering. In the present study, four type I and one novel type II peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1/PTS2) were characterized and employed for limonene production for the first time in R. toruloides. The implant of the biosynthesis pathway into the peroxisome led to 111.5 mg/L limonene in a shake flask culture. The limonene titer was further boosted to 1.05 g/L upon dual-metabolic regulation in the cytoplasm and peroxisome, which included employing the acetoacetyl-CoA synthase NphT7, adding an additional copy of native ATP-dependent citrate lyase, etc. The final yield was 0.053 g/g glucose, which was the highest ever reported. The newly characterized PTSs should contribute to the expansion of genetic toolboxes forR. toruloides. The results demonstrated that R. toruloides could be explored for efficient production of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidou Gao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Sasa Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Li DX, Guo Q, Yang YX, Jiang SJ, Ji XJ, Ye C, Wang YT, Shi TQ. Recent Advances and Multiple Strategies of Monoterpenoid Overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 38860708 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are an important subclass of terpenoids that play important roles in the energy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances fields. With the development of biotechnology, microbial synthesis of monoterpenoids has received great attention. Yeasts such Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are emerging as potential hosts for monoterpenoids production because of unique advantages including rapid growth cycles, mature gene editing tools, and clear genetic background. Recently, advancements in metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering have significantly enhanced the accumulation of monoterpenoids in cell factories. First, this review introduces the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the latest production strategies, which encompass enhancing precursor flux, modulating the expression of rate-limited enzymes, suppressing competitive pathway flux, mitigating cytotoxicity, optimizing substrate utilization, and refining the fermentation process. Subsequently, this review introduces four representative monoterpenoids. Finally, we outline the future prospects for efficient construction cell factories tailored for the production of monoterpenoids and other terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xun Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jie Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Bernard A, Cha S, Shin H, Lee D, Hahn JS. Efficient production of (S)-limonene and geraniol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the utilization of an Erg20 mutant with enhanced GPP accumulation capability. Metab Eng 2024; 83:183-192. [PMID: 38631459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids such as (S)-limonene and geraniol are valuable chemicals with a wide range of applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be an effective host to produce various terpenes and terpenoids. (S)-limonene and geraniol are produced from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) through the enzymatic actions of limonene synthase (LS) and geraniol synthase (GES), respectively. However, a major hurdle in their production arises from the dual functionality of the Erg20, a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase, responsible for generating GPP. Erg20 not only synthesizes GPP by condensing isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate but also catalyzes further condensation of IPP with GPP to produce FPP. In this study, we have tackled this issue by harnessing previously developed Erg20 mutants, Erg20K197G (Erg20G) and Erg20F96W, N127W (Erg20WW), which enhance GPP accumulation. Through a combination of these mutants, we generated a novel Erg20WWG mutant with over four times higher GPP accumulating capability than Erg20WW, as observed through geraniol production levels. The Erg20WWG mutant was fused to the LS from Mentha spicata or the GES from Catharanthus roseus for efficient conversion of GPP to (S)-limonene and geraniol, respectively. Further improvements were achieved by localizing the entire mevalonate pathway and the Erg20WWG-fused enzymes in peroxisomes, while simultaneously downregulating the essential ERG20 gene using the glucose-sensing HXT1 promoter. In the case of (S)-limonene production, additional Erg20WWG-LS was expressed in the cytosol. As a result, the final strains produced 1063 mg/L of (S)-limonene and 1234 mg/L of geraniol by fed-batch biphasic fermentations with ethanol feeding. The newly identified Erg20WWG mutant opens doors for the efficient production of various other GPP-derived chemicals including monoterpene derivatives and cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Bernard
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Cha
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesoo Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Hahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Park CM, Jeong HC, Jeong GH, Cha GS, Lee S, Yun CH. Production of Mono-Hydroxylated Derivatives of Terpinen-4-ol by Bacterial CYP102A1 Enzymes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:725-734. [PMID: 38044690 PMCID: PMC11016761 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2310.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium is an important enzyme in biotechnology, because engineered CYP102A1 enzymes can react with diverse substrates and produce human cytochrome P450-like metabolites. Therefore, CYP102A1 can be applied to drug metabolite production. Terpinen-4-ol is a cyclic monoterpene and the primary component of essential tea tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol was known for therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Because terpenes are natural compounds, examining novel terpenes and investigating the therapeutic effects of terpenes represent responses to social demands for eco-friendly compounds. In this study, we investigated the catalytic activity of engineered CYP102A1 on terpinen-4-ol. Among CYP102A1 mutants tested here, the R47L/F81I/F87V/E143G/L188Q/N213S/E267V mutant showed the highest activity to terpinen-4-ol. Two major metabolites of terpinen-4-ol were generated by engineered CYP102A1. Characterization of major metabolites was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Based on the LC-MS results, the difference in mass-to-charge ratio of an ion (m/z) between terpinen-4-ol and its major metabolites was 16. One major metabolite was defined as 1,4-dihydroxy-p-menth-2-ene by NMR. Given these results, we speculate that another major metabolite is also a mono-hydroxylated product. Taken together, we suggest that CYP102A1 can be applied to make novel terpene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Mi Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chan Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Han Jeong
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Su Cha
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, Namhae 52430, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Sevalho EDS, de Souza Rodrigues R, Queiroz Lima de Souza A, Duarte Leão de Souza A. Biotransformation of monoterpenes using Streptomyces strains from the rhizosphere of Inga edulis Martius from in an Amazonian urban forest fragment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38469852 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2315476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the biocatalytic potential of Amazonian actinomycetes for monoterpenes biotransformation. To carry out the present study, eleven actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces isolated from inga-cipó (Inga edulis Mart.) rhizospheres were tested for their ability to bioconvert the substrates R-(+)-limonene, S-(-)-limonene, 1S-(-)-α-pinene, and (-)-β-pinene as sole carbon and energy source. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, three strains, LabMicra B270, LaBMicrA B310, and LaBMicrA B314, were able to biotransform 1S-(-)-α-pinene after 96 h of growth. However, Streptomyces LaBMicrA B270 was the most promising since it converted after only 72 h all the 1S-(-)-α-pinene mainly into cis-verbenol (74.9±1.24%) and verbenone (18.2±1.20%), compounds that have important biological activities and great industrial interest as additives in foods and cosmetics. These findings can stimulate the development of natural aromas using naturally abundant monoterpenes, ratify the potential of microorganisms from almost unexplored niches such as the Amazonian rhizosphere, and reinforce the importance of preserving those niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elison de Souza Sevalho
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG-BIONORTE), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Analytical Center - Center of Multidisciplinary Support, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG-BIONORTE), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Analytical Center - Center of Multidisciplinary Support, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG-BIONORTE), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Analytical Center - Center of Multidisciplinary Support, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG-BIONORTE), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Analytical Center - Center of Multidisciplinary Support, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Li T, Liu X, Xiang H, Zhu H, Lu X, Feng B. Two-Phase Fermentation Systems for Microbial Production of Plant-Derived Terpenes. Molecules 2024; 29:1127. [PMID: 38474639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell factories, renowned for their economic and environmental benefits, have emerged as a key trend in academic and industrial areas, particularly in the fermentation of natural compounds. Among these, plant-derived terpenes stand out as a significant class of bioactive natural products. The large-scale production of such terpenes, exemplified by artemisinic acid-a crucial precursor to artemisinin-is now feasible through microbial cell factories. In the fermentation of terpenes, two-phase fermentation technology has been widely applied due to its unique advantages. It facilitates in situ product extraction or adsorption, effectively mitigating the detrimental impact of product accumulation on microbial cells, thereby significantly bolstering the efficiency of microbial production of plant-derived terpenes. This paper reviews the latest developments in two-phase fermentation system applications, focusing on microbial fermentation of plant-derived terpenes. It also discusses the mechanisms influencing microbial biosynthesis of terpenes. Moreover, we introduce some new two-phase fermentation techniques, currently unexplored in terpene fermentation, with the aim of providing more thoughts and explorations on the future applications of two-phase fermentation technology. Lastly, we discuss several challenges in the industrial application of two-phase fermentation systems, especially in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ximeng Liu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Haoyu Xiang
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Hehua Zhu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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Ramírez J, Gilardoni G, Radice M, Morocho V. Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Ethnopharmacology of the Genus Lepechinia Willd. (Lamiaceae): A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:481. [PMID: 38498420 PMCID: PMC10893467 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The genus Lepechinia (Lamiaceae) involves several aromatic shrubs that are distributed only in the American continent, inhabiting mountain areas, mainly in the Andean region of South America. Based on the PRISMA approach, we selected and critically analyzed 48 research articles. From a phytochemical point of view, most of the secondary metabolites reported in Lepechinia spp. are terpenes and terpenoids, with a few exceptions comprising flavonoids and other shikimic acid derivatives. On the one hand, sesquiterpenoids of the guajane, aromadendrane, eudesmane, and cadinane groups are characteristic of essential oils, together with (E)-β-caryophyllene as the main representative of its chemical family. On the other hand, abietane diterpenoids are the prevalent compounds described in non-volatile fractions. Many biological activities and traditional medical uses have been reported for both pure metabolites and complex mixtures (e.g., essential oils). Regarding ethno-medical uses, the treatment of muscle pain, headache, toothache, diabetes mellitus, uterine tumors, uterine infections, and diarrhea has been reported. Concerning their verified biological activities, insecticidal, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties have been described. Furthermore, some data concerning anti-herpetic activity have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramírez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (G.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (G.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Matteo Radice
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vladimir Morocho
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (G.G.); (V.M.)
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Lyu L, Chen Q, Xue H, Mustafa S, Manzoor Shah A, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhao ZK. Modularly engineering Rhodotorula toruloides for α-terpineol production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1310069. [PMID: 38312511 PMCID: PMC10835275 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1310069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Terpineol is a monoterpenoid alcohol that has been widely used in the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries because of its sensory and biological properties. However, few studies have focused on the microbial production of α-terpineol. The oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides is endowed with a natural mevalonate pathway and is a promising host in synthetic biology and biorefinery. The primary objective of this work was to engineer R. toruloides for the direct biosynthesis of α-terpineol. The improvement in monoterpenoid production was achieved through the implementation of modular engineering strategies, which included the enhancement of precursor supply, blocking of downstream pathways, and disruption of competing pathways. The results of these three methods showed varying degrees of favorable outcomes in enhancing α-terpineol production. The engineered strain 5L6HE5, with competitive pathway disruption and increased substrate supply, reached the highest product titer of 1.5 mg/L, indicating that reducing lipid accumulation is an efficient method in R. toruloides engineering for terpenoid synthesis. This study reveals the potential of R. toruloides as a host platform for the synthesis of α-terpineol as well as other monoterpenoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qiongqiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhao Xue
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sumayya Mustafa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Qitian Huang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Bongirwar R, Shukla P. Metabolic sink engineering in cyanobacteria: Perspectives and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:128974. [PMID: 36990331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in metabolic engineering have made cyanobacteria emerge as promising and attractive microorganisms for sustainable production, by exploiting their natural capability for producing metabolites. The potential of metabolically engineered cyanobacterium would depend on its source-sink balance in the same way as other phototrophs. In cyanobacteria, the amount of light energy harvested (Source) is incompletely utilized by the cell to fix carbon (sink) resulting in wastage of the absorbed energy causing photoinhibition and cellular damage leading to lowered photosynthetic efficiency. Although regulatory pathways like photo-acclimation and photoprotective processes can be helpful unfortunately they limit the cell's metabolic capacity. This review describes approaches for source-sink balance and engineering heterologous metabolic sinks in cyanobacteria for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. The advances for engineering additional metabolic pathways in cyanobacteria are also described which will provide a better understanding of the cyanobacterial source-sink balance and approaches for efficient cyanobacterial strains for valuable metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Bongirwar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Kong X, Wu Y, Yu W, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Lv X, Liu L. Efficient Synthesis of Limonene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7752-7764. [PMID: 37189018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Limonene is a volatile monoterpene compound that is widely used in food additives, pharmaceutical products, fragrances, and toiletries. We herein attempted to perform efficient biosynthesis of limonene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using systematic metabolic engineering strategies. First, we conducted de novo synthesis of limonene in S. cerevisiae and achieved a titer of 46.96 mg/L. Next, by dynamic inhibition of the competitive bypass of key metabolic branches regulated by ERG20 and optimization of the copy number of tLimS, a greater proportion of the metabolic flow was directed toward limonene synthesis, achieving a titer of 640.87 mg/L. Subsequently, we enhanced the acetyl-CoA and NADPH supply, which increased the limonene titer to 1097.43 mg/L. Then, we reconstructed the limonene synthesis pathway in the mitochondria. Dual regulation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism further increased the limonene titer to 1586 mg/L. After optimization of the process of fed-batch fermentation, the limonene titer reached 2.63 g/L, the highest ever reported in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kong
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaokang Wu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Jiang H, Wang X. Biosynthesis of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid as natural flavors and fragrances. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108151. [PMID: 37037288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large class of plant-derived compounds, that constitute the main components of essential oils and are widely used as natural flavors and fragrances. The biosynthesis approach presents a promising alternative route in terpenoid production compared to plant extraction or chemical synthesis. In the past decade, the production of terpenoids using biotechnology has attracted broad attention from both academia and the industry. With the growing market of flavor and fragrance, the production of terpenoids directed by synthetic biology shows great potential in promoting future market prospects. Here, we reviewed the latest advances in terpenoid biosynthesis. The engineering strategies for biosynthetic terpenoids were systematically summarized from the enzyme, metabolic, and cellular dimensions. Additionally, we analyzed the key challenges from laboratory production to scalable production, such as key enzyme improvement, terpenoid toxicity, and volatility loss. To provide comprehensive technical guidance, we collected milestone examples of biosynthetic mono- and sesquiterpenoids, compared the current application status of chemical synthesis and biosynthesis in terpenoid production, and discussed the cost drivers based on the data of techno-economic assessment. It is expected to provide critical insights into developing translational research of terpenoid biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
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14
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Xu T, Wang J, Tan J, Huang T, Han G, Li Y, Yu H, Zhou J, Xu M. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry pilot study to identify volatile organic compound biomarkers of childhood obesity with dyslipidemia in exhaled breath. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:81-89. [DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Childhood obesity affects multiple organs in the body and is associated with both significant morbidity and ultimately premature mortality. Childhood obesity, especially dyslipidemia, can lead to early atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. The detection of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath offers the opportunity for the discovery of novel disease-specific biomarkers. This study aimed to identify VOCs that correlate with childhood obesity accompanied by dyslipidemia.
Methods
A total of 82 overweight or obese children between the ages of 8 and 12 years were recruited from the exercise on obesity adolescents in Peking (EXCITING) study (NCT04984005). The breath VOCs of the participants were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The classification was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) of the relative abundance of VOCs. The difference between the obese and overweight groups with or without dyslipidemia was analyzed.
Results
Among the 82 children, 25 were overweight, of whom 10 had dyslipidemia. The other 57 children were obese, and 17 of them had dyslipidemia. Obese children with dyslipidemia had higher triglycerides and elevated non–high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared to overweight children without dyslipidemia. We confirmed 13 compounds based on database well matches (average score > 80) for mass spectra and refractive index. These 13 VOCs were grouped into three chemical functional groups: saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and unsaturated aldehydes. For obese children with dyslipidemia, the PCA scatter plot of the three chemical groups was obviously separated from the other groups. Some of the candidates, including heptadecane, naphthalene, and cis-6-nonnenol, were significantly higher in obese children with dyslipidemia than in overweight groups with or without dyslipidemia.
Conclusion
A suite of VOCs from three chemical function groups, saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and unsaturated aldehydes, were separated in the obese children with dyslipidemia. Heptadecane, naphthalene, and cis-6-nonenol were significantly elevated in obese children with dyslipidemia. Our findings underscore the potential value of the candidate VOCs for future risk categorization.
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Lin HH, Mendez‐Perez D, Park J, Wang X, Cheng Y, Huo J, Mukhopadhyay A, Lee TS, Shanks BH. Precursor prioritization for p-cymene production through synergistic integration of biology and chemistry. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:126. [PMCID: PMC9670573 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of synergistic application of biological and chemical catalysis is an important approach for efficiently converting renewable biomass into chemicals and fuels. In particular, the method of determining the appropriate intermediate between the two catalytic methods is critical. In this work, we demonstrate p-cymene production through the integration of biosynthesis and heterogenous catalysis and show how a preferred biologically derived precursor could be determined. On the biological side, we performed the limonene and 1,8-cineole production through the mevalonate pathway. Titers of 0.605 g/L and a 1.052 g/L were achieved, respectively. This difference is in agreement with the toxicity of these compounds toward the producing microorganisms, which has implications for subsequent development of the microbial platform. On the heterogeneous catalysis side, we performed the reaction with both biological precursors to allow for direct comparison. Using hydrogenation/dehydrogenation metals on supports with acid sites, both limonene and 1,8-cineole were converted to p-cymene with similar yields under equivalent reaction conditions. Thus, we could determine that the most promising strategy would be to target 1,8-cineole, the higher titer and lower toxicity bio-derived precursor with subsequent catalytic conversion to p-cymene. We further optimized the biological production of 1,8-cineole via fed-batch fermentation and reached the titer of 4.37 g/L which is the highest known 1,8-cineole titer from microbial production. This work provides a valuable paradigm for early stage considerations to determine the best route for the high-efficiency production of a target biobased molecule using an integration of biology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsin Lin
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA ,grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Daniel Mendez‐Perez
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jimin Park
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Xi Wang
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Jiajie Huo
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Brent H. Shanks
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA ,grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
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Yuan Q, Zhou Q, Wang N, Zheng Y, Hu H, Hu S, Wang H. Integrative proteomics and metabolomics of Guizhou Miao Sour Soup affecting simple obese rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1019205. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1019205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Miao Sour Soup (MSS) is a fermented product from the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou Province, which enrich many beneficial ingredients and is widely consumed in the whole China. Fermented food is beneficial to physical health with the potential positive regulating affection on simple obesity. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of action of MSS to prevent simple obesity induced by high-fat diet by proteomics and metabolomics. Quantitative proteomics with tandem mass tagging labeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the changes of liver proteins and metabolites after the MSS intervention. MSS intervention upregulated 33 proteins and 9 metabolites and downregulated 19 proteins and 10 metabolites. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MSS could prevent simple obesity by acting on the PPAR signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and other signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the use of MSS to prevent simple obesity caused by high-fat diets and the search for healthy eating patterns with MSS.
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Zhang J, Shin J, Tague N, Lin H, Zhang M, Ge X, Wong W, Dunlop MJ, Cheng J. Visualization of a Limonene Synthesis Metabolon Inside Living Bacteria by Hyperspectral SRS Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203887. [PMID: 36169112 PMCID: PMC9661820 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biosynthesis activity at single-cell level is key to metabolic engineering but is still difficult to achieve in a label-free manner. Using hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging in the 670-900 cm-1 region, localized limonene synthesis are visualized inside engineered Escherichia coli. The colocalization of limonene and GFP-fused limonene synthase is confirmed by co-registered stimulated Raman scattering and two-photon fluorescence images. The finding suggests a limonene synthesis metabolon with a polar distribution inside the cells. This finding expands the knowledge of de novo limonene biosynthesis in engineered bacteria and highlights the potential of SRS chemical imaging in metabolic engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Jonghyeon Shin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Nathan Tague
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Wilson Wong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Mary J. Dunlop
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Ji‐Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
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18
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Wang S, Zhan C, Chen R, Li W, Song H, Zhao G, Wen M, Liang D, Qiao J. Achievements and perspectives of synthetic biology in botanical insecticides. J Cell Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36183373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides are the origin of all insecticidal compounds. They have been widely used to control pests in crops for a long time. Currently, the commercial production of botanical insecticides extracted from plants is limited because of insufficient raw material supply. Synthetic biology is a promising and effective approach for addressing the current problems of the production of botanical insecticides. It is an emerging biological research hotspot in the field of botanical insecticides. However, the biosynthetic pathways of many botanical insecticides are not completely elucidated. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of botanical pesticides and low efficiency of these biosynthetic enzymes in new hosts make it still challenging for their heterologous production. In the present review, we summarized the recent developments in the heterologous production of botanical insecticides, analyzed the current challenges, and discussed the feasible production strategies, focusing on elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme engineering, host engineering, and cytotoxicity engineering. Looking to the future, synthetic biology promises to further advance heterologous production of more botanical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuanling Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
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Metabolic Engineering of the Isopentenol Utilization Pathway Enhanced the Production of Terpenoids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090577. [PMID: 36135766 PMCID: PMC9505001 DOI: 10.3390/md20090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic green microalgae show considerable promise for the sustainable light-driven biosynthesis of high-value fine chemicals, especially terpenoids because of their fast and inexpensive phototrophic growth. Here, the novel isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) was introduced into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to enhance the hemiterpene (isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP) titers. Then, diphosphate isomerase (IDI) and limonene synthase (MsLS) were further inserted for limonene production. Transgenic algae showed 8.6-fold increase in IPP compared with the wild type, and 23-fold increase in limonene production compared with a single MsLS expressing strain. Following the culture optimization, the highest limonene production reached 117 µg/L, when the strain was cultured in a opt2 medium supplemented with 10 mM isoprenol under a light: dark regimen. This demonstrates that transgenic algae expressing the IUP represent an ideal chassis for the high-value terpenoid production. The IUP will facilitate further the metabolic and enzyme engineering to enhance the terpenoid titers by significantly reducing the number of enzyme steps required for an optimal biosynthesis.
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Becerra JA, González JM, Villa AL. Comparison by Life-Cycle Assessment of Alternative Processes for Carvone and Verbenone Production. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175479. [PMID: 36080248 PMCID: PMC9457752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbenone and carvone are allylic monoterpenoid ketones with many applications in the fine chemicals industry that can be obtained, respectively, from the allylic oxidation of α-pinene and limonene over a silica-supported iron hexadecachlorinated phthalocyanine (FePcCl16-NH2-SiO2) catalyst and with t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant. As there are no reported analyses of the environmental impacts associated with catalytic transformation of terpenes into value-added products that include the steps associated with synthesis of the catalyst and several options of raw materials in the process, this contribution reports the evaluation of the environmental impacts in the conceptual process to produce verbenone and carvone considering two scenarios (SI-raw-oils and SII-purified-oils). The impact categories were evaluated using ReCiPe and IPCC methods implemented in SimaPro 9.3 software. The environmental impacts in the synthesis of the heterogeneous catalyst FePcCl16-NH2-SiO2 showed that the highest burdens in terms of environmental impact come from the use of fossil fuel energy sources and solvents, which primarily affect human health. The most significant environmental impacts associated with carvone and verbenone production are global warming and fine particulate matter formation, with fewer environmental impacts associated with the process that starts directly from turpentine and orange oils (SI-raw-oils) instead of the previously extracted α-pinene and limonene (SII-purified-oils). As TBHP was identified as a hotspot in the production process of verbenone and carvone, it is necessary to choose a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient oxidizing agent for the oxidation of turpentine and orange oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime-Andrés Becerra
- Correspondence: (J.-A.B.); (A.-L.V.); Tel.: +57-60-42196605 or +57-60-42198535 (A.-L.V.)
| | | | - Aída-Luz Villa
- Correspondence: (J.-A.B.); (A.-L.V.); Tel.: +57-60-42196605 or +57-60-42198535 (A.-L.V.)
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Muñoz-Fernández G, Martínez-Buey R, Revuelta JL, Jiménez A. Metabolic engineering of Ashbya gossypii for limonene production from xylose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35841062 PMCID: PMC9284773 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene that has applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The industrial production of limonene and its derivatives through plant extraction presents important drawbacks such as seasonal and climate issues, feedstock limitations, low efficiency and environmental concerns. Consequently, the implementation of efficient and eco-friendly bioprocesses for the production of limonene and other terpenes constitutes an attractive goal for microbial biotechnology. In this context, novel biocatalysts with the ability to produce limonene from alternative carbon sources will help to meet the industrial demands of limonene. RESULTS Engineered strains of the industrial fungus Ashbya gossypii have been developed to produce limonene from xylose. The limonene synthase (LS) from Citrus limon was initially overexpressed together with the native HMG1 gene (coding for HMG-CoA reductase) to establish a limonene-producing platform from a xylose-utilizing A. gossypii strain. In addition, several strategies were designed to increase the production of limonene. Hence, the effect of mutant alleles of ERG20 (erg20F95W and erg20F126W) were evaluated together with a synthetic orthogonal pathway using a heterologous neryl diphosphate synthase. The lethality of the A. gossypii double mutant erg20F95W-F126W highlights the indispensability of farnesyl diphosphate for the synthesis of essential sterols. In addition, the utilization of the orthogonal pathway, bypassing the Erg20 activity through neryl diphosphate, triggered a substantial increase in limonene titer (33.6 mg/L), without critically altering the fitness of the engineered strain. Finally, the overexpression of the native ERG12 gene further enhanced limonene production, which reached 336.4 mg/L after 96 h in flask cultures using xylose as the carbon source. CONCLUSIONS The microbial production of limonene can be carried out using engineered strains of A. gossypii from xylose-based carbon sources. The utilization of a synthetic orthogonal pathway together with the overexpression of ERG12 is a highly beneficial strategy for the production of limonene in A. gossypii. The strains presented in this work constitute a proof of principle for the production of limonene and other terpenes from agro-industrial wastes such as xylose-rich hydrolysates in A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Muñoz-Fernández
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Martínez-Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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22
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Shin J, South EJ, Dunlop MJ. Transcriptional Tuning of Mevalonate Pathway Enzymes to Identify the Impact on Limonene Production in Escherichia coli. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18331-18338. [PMID: 35694509 PMCID: PMC9178717 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous production of limonene in microorganisms through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway has traditionally imposed metabolic burden and reduced cell fitness, where imbalanced stoichiometries among sequential enzymes result in the accumulation of toxic intermediates. Although prior studies have shown that changes to mRNA stability, RBS strength, and protein homology can be effective strategies for balancing enzyme levels in the MVA pathway, testing different variations of these parameters often requires distinct genetic constructs, which can exponentially increase assembly costs as pathways increase in size. Here, we developed a multi-input transcriptional circuit to regulate the MVA pathway, where four chemical inducers, l-arabinose (Ara), choline chloride (Cho), cuminic acid (Cuma), and isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), each regulate one of four orthogonal promoters. We tested modular transcriptional regulation of the MVA pathway by placing this circuit in an engineered Escherichia coli "marionette" strain, which enabled systematic and independent tuning of the first three enzymes (AtoB, HMGS, and HMGR) in the MVA pathway. By systematically testing combinations of chemical inducers as inputs, we investigated relationships between the expressions of different MVA pathway submodules, finding that limonene yields are sensitive to the coordinated transcriptional regulation of HMGS and HMGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyeon Shin
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Eric J. South
- Molecular
Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mary J. Dunlop
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Molecular
Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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23
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Investigating the microbial terroir of fermented foods produced in a professional kitchen. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Zhao X, Yan Y, Zhou WH, Feng RZ, Shuai YK, Yang L, Liu MJ, He XY, Wei Q. Transcriptome and metabolome reveal the accumulation of secondary metabolites in different varieties of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35585490 PMCID: PMC9116011 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li, whose leaves produce essential oils, is a traditional Chinese medicine and economically important tree species. In our study, two C. longepaniculatum varieties that have significantly different essential oil contents and leaf phenotypes were selected as the materials to investigate secondary metabolism. RESULT The essential oil content and leaf phenotypes were different between the two varieties. When the results of both transcriptome and metabolomic analyses were combined, it was found that the differences were related to phenylalanine metabolic pathways, particularly the metabolism of flavonoids and terpenoids. The transcriptome results based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways involving phenylpropanoids, tryptophan biosynthesis and terpenoids significantly differed between the two varieties; 11 DEGs (2 upregulated and 9 downregulated) were associated with the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and 12 DEGs (2 upregulated and 10 downregulated) were related to the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Through further analysis of the leaves, we detected 196 metabolites in C. longepaniculatum. The abundance of 49 (26 downregulated and 23 upregulated) metabolites differed between the two varieties, which is likely related to the differences in the accumulation of these metabolites. We identified 12 flavonoids, 8 terpenoids and 8 alkaloids and identified 4 kinds of PMFs from the leaves of C. longepaniculatum. CONCLUSIONS The combined results of transcriptome and metabolomic analyses revealed a strong correlation between metabolite contents and gene expression. We speculate that light leads to differences in the secondary metabolism and phenotypes of leaves of different varieties of C. longepaniculatum. This research provides data for secondary metabolite studies and lays a solid foundation for breeding ideal C. longepaniculatum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-hai Zhou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-zhang Feng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-kang Shuai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-jie Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-yan He
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wei
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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25
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Shou C, Zheng YC, Zhan JR, Li CX, Xu JH. Removing the Obstacle to (-)-Menthol Biosynthesis by Building a Microbial Cell Factory of (+)-cis-Isopulegone from (-)-Limonene. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202101741. [PMID: 34519416 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial synthesis of plant-based (-)-menthol is of great interest because of its high demand (≈30 kiloton per year) as well as unique odor and cooling characteristics. However, this remains a great challenge due to the yet unfilled gap between (-)-limonene and (+)-cis-isopulegone. Herein, the first artificial and effective system was developed for (+)-cis-isopulegone biosynthesis from (-)-limonene by recruiting two bacterial enzymes to replace their inefficient counterparts from Mentha piperita, limonene-3-hydroxylase, and isopiperitenol dehydrogenase. A cofactor self-regenerative recombinant Escherichia coli strain was constructed by introducing a formate dehydrogenase for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) regeneration and an engineered microbial isopiperitenol dehydrogenase. The production of (+)-cis-isopulegone (up to 281.2 mg L-1 ) was improved by 36 times compared with that of the initial strain. This work lays a reliable foundation for the microbial synthesis of (-)-menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Ru Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
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26
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Using nanomaterials to increase the efficiency of chemical production in microbial cell factories: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Fungal biotransformation of limonene and pinene for aroma production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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28
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Zhang QW, Kong CL, Tao YS. Fate of carotenoids in yeasts: synthesis and cleavage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7638-7652. [PMID: 35275506 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2048352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids and their cleavage products (norisoprenoids) have excellent functional properties with diverse applications in foods, medicaments, cosmetics, etc. Carotenoids can be oxidatively cleaved through nonspecific reactions or by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs), the product of which could further modify food flavor. This review provides comprehensive information on both carotenoid synthesis and cleavage processes with emphasis on enzyme characterization and biosynthetic pathway optimization. The use of interdisciplinary approaches of bioengineering and computer-aided experimental technology for key enzyme modification and systematic pathway design is beneficial to monitor metabolic pathways and assess pathway bottlenecks, which could efficiently lead to accumulation of carotenoids in microorganisms. The identification of CCOs spatial structures isolated from different species has made a significant contribution to the current state of knowledge. Current trends in carotenoid-related flavor modification are also discussed. In particular, we propose the carotenoid-synthesizing yeast Rhodotorula spp. for the production of food bioactive compounds. Understanding the behavior underlying the formation of norisoprenoids from carotenoids using interdisciplinary approaches may point toward other areas of investigation that could lead to better exploiting the potential use of autochthonous yeast in flavor enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wei Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cai-Lin Kong
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University, Yongning, Ningxia, China
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29
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Ye Z, Shi B, Huang Y, Ma T, Xiang Z, Hu B, Kuang Z, Huang M, Lin X, Tian Z, Deng Z, Shen K, Liu T. Revolution of vitamin E production by starting from microbial fermented farnesene to isophytol. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100228. [PMID: 35373168 PMCID: PMC8968663 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins. In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier. Here, we establish a new process for isophytol synthesis from microbial fermented farnesene. To achieve an efficient pathway for farnesene production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as the host strain. First, β-farnesene synthase genes from different sources were screened, and through protein engineering and system metabolic engineering, a high production of β-farnesene in S. cerevisiae was achieved (55.4 g/L). This farnesene can be chemically converted into isophytol in three steps with approximately 92% yield, which is economically equal to that from the best total chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we co-produced lycopene and farnesene to reduce the cost of farnesene. A factory based on this new process was successfully operated in Hubei Province, China, in 2017, with an annual output of 30,000 tons of vitamin E. This new process has completely changed the vitamin E market due to its low cost and safety. The traditional chemical synthesis of vitamin E is complex and could be explosive An innovative way to synthesize isophytol from biofermented farnesene is established This process is safer and cheaper, changing the production and marketing of vitamin E Co-production of β-farnesene and lycopene improves the competitiveness of this process
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Huang
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Corresponding author
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30
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Li S, Rong L, Wang S, Liu S, Lu Z, Miao L, Zhao B, Zhang C, Xiao D, Pushpanathan K, Wong A, Yu A. Enhanced limonene production by metabolically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica from cheap carbon sources. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Liu W, Zheng Y, Mao Y, Chen J, Ren X, Cheng Z, Lu Z. Desymmetrizing Isomerization of Alkene via Thiazolinyl Iminoquinoline Cobalt Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:1158-1163. [PMID: 35089045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a cobalt-catalyzed desymmetrizing isomerization of exo-cyclic alkenes to generate chiral 1-methylcyclohexene derivatives with good yields and enantioselectivities. A novel chiral thiazolinyl iminoquinoline ligand and its cobalt complex were designed and synthesized to control the establishment of tertiary or quaternary carbon centers at a remote position. This protocol is operationally simple, and a model for the stereochemical outcome has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihui Mao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoyang Cheng
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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32
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Liu S, Zhang M, Ren Y, Jin G, Tao Y, Lyu L, Zhao ZK, Yang X. Engineering Rhodosporidium toruloides for limonene production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:243. [PMID: 34937561 PMCID: PMC8697501 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene is a widely used monoterpene in the production of food, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, etc. The objective of this work was to engineer Rhodosporidium toruloides as a cell factory for the production of limonene. RESULTS By overexpressing the limonene synthase (LS), neryl pyrophosphate synthase (NPPS)/geranyl pyrophosphate synthase and the native hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), we established a baseline for limonene production based on the mevalonate route in Rhodosporidium toruloides. To further enhance the limonene titer, the acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase/HMGR (EfMvaE) and mevalonate synthase (EfMvaS) from Enterococcus faecalis, the mevalonate kinase from Methanosarcina mazei (MmMK) and the chimeric enzyme NPPS-LS were introduced in the carotenogenesis-deficient strain. The resulting strains produced a maximum limonene titer of 393.5 mg/L. CONCLUSION In this study, we successfully engineered the carotenogenesis yeast R. toruloides to produce limonene. This is the first report on engineering R. toruloides toward limonene production based on NPP and the fusion protein SltNPPS-CltLS. The results demonstrated that R. toruloides is viable for limonene production, which would provide insights into microbial production of valuable monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Ren
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojie Jin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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The Monoterpenoid Perillyl Alcohol: Anticancer Agent and Medium to Overcome Biological Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122167. [PMID: 34959448 PMCID: PMC8709132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a naturally occurring monoterpenoid related to limonene that is present in the essential oils of various plants. It has diverse applications and can be found in household items, including foods, cosmetics, and cleaning supplies. Over the past three decades, it has also been investigated for its potential anticancer activity. Clinical trials with an oral POH formulation administered to cancer patients failed to realize therapeutic expectations, although an intra-nasal POH formulation yielded encouraging results in malignant glioma patients. Based on its amphipathic nature, POH revealed the ability to overcome biological barriers, primarily the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but also the cytoplasmic membrane and the skin, which appear to be characteristics that critically contribute to POH’s value for drug development and delivery. In this review, we present the physicochemical properties of POH that underlie its ability to overcome the obstacles placed by different types of biological barriers and consequently shape its multifaceted promise for cancer therapy and applications in drug development. We summarized and appraised the great variety of preclinical and clinical studies that investigated the use of POH for intranasal delivery and nose-to-brain drug transport, its intra-arterial delivery for BBB opening, and its permeation-enhancing function in hybrid molecules, where POH is combined with or conjugated to other therapeutic pharmacologic agents, yielding new chemical entities with novel mechanisms of action and applications.
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34
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Zhang X, Liu X, Meng Y, Zhang L, Qiao J, Zhao GR. Combinatorial engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improving limonene production. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Zhu K, Kong J, Zhao B, Rong L, Liu S, Lu Z, Zhang C, Xiao D, Pushpanathan K, Foo JL, Wong A, Yu A. Metabolic engineering of microbes for monoterpenoid production. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107837. [PMID: 34555428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are an important class of natural products that are derived from the condensation of two five‑carbon isoprene subunits. They are widely used for flavouring, fragrances, colourants, cosmetics, fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals in various industries. They can also serve as precursors for the production of many industrially important products. Currently, monoterpenoids are produced predominantly through extraction from plant sources. However, the small quantity of monoterpenoids in nature renders this method of isolation non-economically viable. Similarly impractical is the chemical synthesis of these compounds as they suffer from high energy consumption and pollutant discharge. Microbial biosynthesis, however, exists as a potential solution to these hindrances, but the transformation of cells into efficient factories remains a major impediment. Here, we critically review the recent advances in engineering microbes for monoterpenoid production, with an emphasis on categorized strategies, and discuss the challenges and perspectives to offer guidance for future engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Baixiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Lanxin Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Krithi Pushpanathan
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore.
| | - Jee Loon Foo
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Adison Wong
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore.
| | - Aiqun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 the 13th Street TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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36
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Currently Applied Extraction Processes for Secondary Metabolites from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa and Future Perspectives. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The poleo (Lippia turbinata Griseb.) and damiana (Turnera diffusa Wild) are two of the most valued species in the Mexican semidesert due to their medicinal uses. The conventional essential oil extraction process is hydrodistillation, and for the extraction of antioxidants, the use of organic solvents. However, these techniques are time-consuming and degrade thermolabile molecules, and the efficiency of the process is dependent on the affinity of the solvent for bioactive compounds. Likewise, they generate solvent residues such as methanol, hexane, petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform, etc. Therefore, in recent years, ecofriendly alternatives such as ohmic heating, microwaves, ultrasound, and supercritical fluids have been studied. These methodologies allow reducing the environmental impact and processing times, in addition to increasing yields at a lower cost. Currently, there is no up-to-date information that provides a description of the ecofriendly trends for the recovery process of essential oils and antioxidants from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa. This review includes relevant information on the most recent advancements in these processes, including conditions and methodological foundation.
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Lad BC, Coleman SM, Alper HS. Microbial valorization of underutilized and nonconventional waste streams. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 49:6371101. [PMID: 34529075 PMCID: PMC9118980 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growing burden of waste disposal coupled with natural resource scarcity has renewed interest in the remediation, valorization, and/or repurposing of waste. Traditional approaches such as composting, anaerobic digestion, use in fertilizers or animal feed, or incineration for energy production extract very little value out of these waste streams. In contrast, waste valorization into fuels and other biochemicals via microbial fermentation is an area of growing interest. In this review, we discuss microbial valorization of nonconventional, aqueous waste streams such as food processing effluents, wastewater streams, and other industrial wastes. We categorize these waste streams as carbohydrate-rich food wastes, lipid-rich wastes, and other industrial wastes. Recent advances in microbial valorization of these nonconventional waste streams are highlighted, along with a discussion of the specific challenges and opportunities associated with impurities, nitrogen content, toxicity, and low productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena C Lad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street Stop A5000, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Sarah M Coleman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712 USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
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Yang J, Tian Y, Liu H, Kan Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Luo Y. Harnessing the Endogenous 2μ Plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Pathway Construction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679665. [PMID: 34220765 PMCID: PMC8249740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
pRS episomal plasmids are widely used in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, owing to their easy genetic manipulations and high plasmid copy numbers (PCNs). Nevertheless, their broader application is hampered by the instability of the pRS plasmids. In this study, we designed an episomal plasmid based on the endogenous 2μ plasmid with both improved stability and increased PCN, naming it p2μM, a 2μ-modified plasmid. In the p2μM plasmid, an insertion site between the REP1 promoter and RAF1 promoter was identified, where the replication (ori) of Escherichia coli and a selection marker gene of S. cerevisiae were inserted. As a proof of concept, the tyrosol biosynthetic pathway was constructed in the p2μM plasmid and in a pRS plasmid (pRS423). As a result, the p2μM plasmid presented lower plasmid loss rate than that of pRS423. Furthermore, higher tyrosol titers were achieved in S. cerevisiae harboring p2μM plasmid carrying the tyrosol pathway-related genes. Our study provided an improved genetic manipulation tool in S. cerevisiae for metabolic engineering applications, which may be widely applied for valuable product biosynthesis in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujuan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huayi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeyi Kan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunzi Luo
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Achimón F, Krapacher CR, Jacquat AG, Pizzolitto RP, Zygadlo JA. Carbon sources to enhance the biosynthesis of useful secondary metabolites in Fusarium verticillioides submerged cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:78. [PMID: 33797632 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is a prolific producer of useful secondary metabolites such as naphthoquinone pigments, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, as well as the harmful mycotoxins fumonisins. A strategy to increase their production includes creating a proper nutritional environment that enables the fungus to produce the compounds of interest. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of different carbon sources (glucose, fructose, xylose, sucrose, and lactose) on secondary metabolites biosynthesis in F. verticillioides submerged cultures. The production of volatile terpenes was evaluated through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The quantification and identification of pigments was conducted using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer and NMR spectrometer, respectively. The quantification of fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed that the biosynthesis of naphthoquinone pigments, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes was highest in cultures with fructose (13.00 ± 0.71 mmol/g), lactose [564.52 × 10-11 ± 11.50 × 10-11 μg/g dry weight (DW)], and xylose (54.41 × 10-11 ± 1.55 × 10-11 μg/g DW), respectively, with fumonisin being absent or present in trace amounts in the presence of these carbon sources. The highest biosynthesis of fumonisins occurred in sucrose-containing medium (fumonisin B1: 7.85 × 103 ± 0.25 × 103 μg/g DW and fumonisin B2: 0.38 × 103 ± 0.03 × 103 μg/g DW). These results are encouraging since we were able to enhance the production of useful fungal metabolites without co-production with harmful mycotoxins by controlling the carbon source provided in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Achimón
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudio R Krapacher
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés G Jacquat
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina P Pizzolitto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Julio A Zygadlo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
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The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Limonene is a renewable cyclic monoterpene that is easily obtainable from citrus peel and it is commonly used as a nutraceutical ingredient, antibacterial, biopesticide and green extraction solvent as well as additive in healthcare, fragrance and food and beverage industries for its characteristic lemon-like smell. Indeed, the lack of toxicity makes limonene a promising bio-alternative for the development of a wide range of effective products in modern biorefineries. As a consequence, industrial demand largely exceeds supply by now. Limonene can be also used as starting substrate for the preparation of building block chemicals, including p-cymene that is an important intermediate in several industrial catalytic processes. In this contribution, after reviewing recent advances in the recovery of limonene from citrus peel and residues with particular attention to benign-by-design extractive processes, we focus on the latest results in its dehydrogenation to p-cymene via heterogeneous catalysis. Indeed, the latest reports evidence that the selective production of p-cymene still remains a scientific and technological challenge since, in order to drive the isomerization and dehydrogenation of limonene, an optimal balance between the catalyst nature/content and the reaction conditions is needed.
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Ji X. Comparative investigation of volatile components and bioactive compounds in beers by multivariate analysis. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Ji
- Advanced Analysis & Testing Center Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
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Sun L, Xin F, Alper HS. Bio-synthesis of food additives and colorants-a growing trend in future food. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107694. [PMID: 33388370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food additives and colorants are extensively used in the food industry to improve food quality and safety during processing, storage and packing. Sourcing of these molecules is predominately through three means: extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, and bio-production, with the first two being the most utilized. However, growing demands for sustainability, safety and "natural" products have renewed interest in using bio-based production methods. Likewise, the move to more cultured foods and meat alternatives requires the production of new additives and colorants. The production of bio-based food additives and colorants is an interdisciplinary research endeavor and represents a growing trend in future food. To highlight the potential of microbial hosts for food additive and colorant production, we focus on current advances for example molecules based on their utilization stage and bio-production yield as follows: (I) approved and industrially produced with high titers; (II) approved and produced with decent titers (in the g/L range), but requiring further engineering to reduce production costs; (III) approved and produced with very early stage titers (in the mg/L range); and (IV) new/potential candidates that have not been approved but can be sourced through microbes. Promising approaches, as well as current challenges and future directions will also be thoroughly discussed for the bioproduction of these food additives and colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hal S Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Soares-Castro P, Soares F, Santos PM. Current Advances in the Bacterial Toolbox for the Biotechnological Production of Monoterpene-Based Aroma Compounds. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010091. [PMID: 33379215 PMCID: PMC7794910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are plant secondary metabolites, widely used in industrial processes as precursors of important aroma compounds, such as vanillin and (-)-menthol. However, the physicochemical properties of monoterpenes make difficult their conventional conversion into value-added aromas. Biocatalysis, either by using whole cells or enzymes, may overcome such drawbacks in terms of purity of the final product, ecological and economic constraints of the current catalysis processes or extraction from plant material. In particular, the ability of oxidative enzymes (e.g., oxygenases) to modify the monoterpene backbone, with high regio- and stereo-selectivity, is attractive for the production of "natural" aromas for the flavor and fragrances industries. We review the research efforts carried out in the molecular analysis of bacterial monoterpene catabolic pathways and biochemical characterization of the respective key oxidative enzymes, with particular focus on the most relevant precursors, β-pinene, limonene and β-myrcene. The presented overview of the current state of art demonstrates that the specialized enzymatic repertoires of monoterpene-catabolizing bacteria are expanding the toolbox towards the tailored and sustainable biotechnological production of values-added aroma compounds (e.g., isonovalal, α-terpineol, and carvone isomers) whose implementation must be supported by the current advances in systems biology and metabolic engineering approaches.
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Transforming yeast peroxisomes into microfactories for the efficient production of high-value isoprenoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31789-31799. [PMID: 33268495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013968117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches for the production of high-value compounds in microorganisms mostly use the cytosol as a general reaction vessel. However, competing pathways and metabolic cross-talk frequently prevent efficient synthesis of target compounds in the cytosol. Eukaryotic cells control the complexity of their metabolism by harnessing organelles to insulate biochemical pathways. Inspired by this concept, herein we transform yeast peroxisomes into microfactories for geranyl diphosphate-derived compounds, focusing on monoterpenoids, monoterpene indole alkaloids, and cannabinoids. We introduce a complete mevalonate pathway in the peroxisome to convert acetyl-CoA to several commercially important monoterpenes and achieve up to 125-fold increase over cytosolic production. Furthermore, peroxisomal production improves subsequent decoration by cytochrome P450s, supporting efficient conversion of (S)-(-)-limonene to the menthol precursor trans-isopiperitenol. We also establish synthesis of 8-hydroxygeraniol, the precursor of monoterpene indole alkaloids, and cannabigerolic acid, the cannabinoid precursor. Our findings establish peroxisomal engineering as an efficient strategy for the production of isoprenoids.
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Gao Q, Wang L, Zhang M, Wei Y, Lin W. Recent Advances on Feasible Strategies for Monoterpenoid Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:609800. [PMID: 33335897 PMCID: PMC7736617 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.609800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large diverse group of natural products which play important roles in plant metabolic activities. Monoterpenoids are the main components of plant essential oils and the active components of some traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Some monoterpenoids are widely used in medicine, cosmetics and other industries, and they are mainly obtained by plant biomass extraction methods. These plant extraction methods have some problems, such as low efficiency, unstable quality, and high cost. Moreover, the monoterpenoid production from plant cannot satisfy the growing monoterpenoids demand. The development of metabolic engineering, protein engineering and synthetic biology provides an opportunity to produce large amounts of monoterpenoids eco-friendly using microbial cell factories. This mini-review covers current monoterpenoids production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The monoterpenoids biosynthetic pathways, engineering of key monoterpenoids biosynthetic enzymes, and current monoterpenoids production using S. cerevisiae were summarized. In the future, metabolically engineered S. cerevisiae may provide one possible green and sustainable strategy for monoterpenoids supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Luan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maosen Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
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