1
|
Hagos YM, Yalew GT, Meles HN, Tsegay E, Lemelem M, Wasihun AG. Hepatitis B and C viral coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinics of Afar regional state, northeast Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302453. [PMID: 38753600 PMCID: PMC11098400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) coinfection are the major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The burden of hepatitis among HIV-positive individuals has not been studied in the Afar region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients in Afar Regional State, northeast Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 477 HIV-positive patients between February 2019 and May 2019. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and associated factors. Five milliliters of blood was collected, and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibodies were detected using rapid test kits. Positive samples were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. RESULTS Among the 477 study participants, 320/477(67.1%) of them were females and 157(32.9%) males. The overall prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 25(5.2%) and 7(1.5%), respectively. Multi-sexual practice was significantly associated with HIV-HBV coinfection (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2-24.4, P = 0.032). CONCLUSION The prevalence of both HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was intermediate. Multi-sexual practice was significantly associated with HIV-HBV coinfection. Screening of all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV and health education regarding the transmission modes should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yemane Mengsteab Hagos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Gebrehiwet Tesfay Yalew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash Meles
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tsegay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Mulu Lemelem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
HCV-HIV Chronic Coinfection Prevalence in Amazon Region. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247284. [PMID: 36555906 PMCID: PMC9785546 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem, especially in areas with a low human development index such as the Amazon region. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and genotypes of HCV among people living with HIV (PLWH), both neglected chronic diseases in the Amazon region. From March 2016 to June 2017, 433 PWLH were attended to at two sexually transmitted infection referral centers in the city of Belém, in the Brazilian state of Pará in the Amazon region. All individuals were submitted to testing via the rapid immunochromatographic assay (RIA) for the qualitative detection of anti-HCV antibodies. Samples with anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and samples with HCV RNA were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three (0.7%) PLWH had anti-HCV antibodies, and only one (0.2%) had HCV RNA (genotype 2); of these, 31 (7.1%) self-declared to have used drugs at least one time, and 12 (2.7%) regularly use injected drugs. One participant was elderly, single, heterosexual, with a history of unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. This study detected a low prevalence of HCV infection and recorded the presence of HCV genotype 2 for the first time among PLWH in the Brazilian Amazon.
Collapse
|
3
|
López-Osorio MC, Beltrán M, Navas MC. [Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in ColombiaEpidemiologia da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C na Colômbia]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e96. [PMID: 34539763 PMCID: PMC8442709 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Colombia. METHODS Critical review of epidemiological studies of HCV infection in Colombia. The PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for original articles and reviews on the subject published from 1989 to 2020. Reports from the National Institute of Health and the High Cost Account of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection were also reviewed. RESULTS Data on seroprevalence of HCV antibodies in blood donors range from 1.5% to 0.32%, corresponding to reports at the beginning and end of the study period, respectively. In the population with risk factors, a high prevalence of HCV infection is observed, although with variations over time. With respect to HCV genotypes in Colombia, genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 (subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 3a) have been identified. CONCLUSIONS In the observation period, a decrease was seen in seroprevalence of HCV infection in blood donors and hemodialysis patients in Colombia, demonstrating the impact of safe blood policies and biosafety measures. Studies in people who inject illicit drugs indicate a high prevalence of infection, with regional differences within the country. HCV genotype 1, subtype 1b, is the most frequent in the different studies carried out in Colombia, and the most recent report of the High Cost Account of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection indicates that genotype 4 is the second most frequent genotype in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María C. López-Osorio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Mauricio Beltrán
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludWashington D.C.Estados Unidos de AméricaOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington D.C., Estados Unidos de América.
| | - María-Cristina Navas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombiaFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Flores GL, Barbosa JR, Cruz HM, Miguel JC, Potsch DV, Pilotto JH, Lima DM, Baima Colares JK, Brandão-Mello CE, Pires MMA, da Mota JC, Bastos FI, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM. Dried blood spot sampling as an alternative for the improvement of hepatitis B and C diagnosis in key populations. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:504-514. [PMID: 33959230 PMCID: PMC8080549 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve the elimination of hepatitis B and C, there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies to increase the access of diagnosis, particularly among key populations such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), individuals with coagulopathies and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
AIM To evaluate the use of dried blood spot (DBS) in the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers.
METHODS A total of 430 individuals comprised of people living with HIV, coagulopathies and CKD provided paired serum and DBS samples. HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV were tested in those samples using a commercial electrochemiluminescence. Demographic and selected behavioral variables were evaluated to assess possible association with HBV and HCV positivity.
RESULTS Using DBS, HBsAg prevalence varied from 3.9% to 22.1%, anti-HBc rates varied from 25.5% to 45.6% and anti-HCV positivity ranged from 15.9% to 41.2% in key populations. Specificities of HBV and HCV tests using DBS varied from 88.9% to 100%. The HBsAg assay demonstrated the best performance in CKD and coagulopathy individuals and the anti-HCV test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in people living with HIV. Accuracy of HBV and HCV detection in DBS varied from 90.2% to 100%. In the CKD group, HBsAg positivity was associated with infrequent use of condoms, and anti-HBc positivity was associated with sharing nail cutters/razors/toothbrushes. Anti-HCV reactivity was positively associated with a history of transplantation and length of time using hemodialysis in both specimens. In people living with HIV, only the male gender was associated with anti-HBc positivity in serum and DBS.
CONCLUSION DBS with electrochemiluminescence are useful tools for the diagnosis and prevalence studies of hepatitis B and C among key populations and may increase the opportunity to foster prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020181, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Vigo Potsch
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Nova Iguaçu General Hospital, Nova Iguaçu 26041061, Brazil
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Danielle Malta Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811905, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020181, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Brandão-Mello
- Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20270901, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria Amendola Pires
- Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20270901, Brazil
| | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Information on Science and Technology in Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Francisco I Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Information on Science and Technology in Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calux SJ, Silva VCM, Compri AP, Lemos MF, Santos APDT, Oba IT, Mendes-Correa MCJ, Moreira RC. Hepatitis B: Prevalence and occult infection in HIV-infected patients. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20180533. [PMID: 31994654 PMCID: PMC7083387 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0533-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HBV and HIV have identical transmission routes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV in HIV patients and to detect the presence of occult HBV infection. METHODS All samples were tested for serology markers and using qPCR. RESULTS This study included 232 individuals, out of which 36.6% presented with HBV markers and 11.8% presented with HBsAg or HBV-DNA, including 3 patients that showed OBI. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high prevalence of HBV among HIV patients. In addition, the results suggest that OBI can occur in patients with serological profiles that are indicative of past infection. Therefore, the application of molecular tests may enable the identification of infections that are not evident solely based on serology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Julien Calux
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Adriana Parise Compri
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Isabel Takano Oba
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Regina Célia Moreira
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva CM, de Peder LD, Guelere AM, Horvath JD, Silva ES, Teixeira JJV, Bertolini DA. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in an HBV endemic area in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203272. [PMID: 30192795 PMCID: PMC6128547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a common cause of complications in liver disease and immunological impairment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and their correlation with CD4+ T-cells among HIV-infected patients in an HBV endemic area. Methods A cross-sectional observational and retrospective study was carried out in a reference center in Southern Brazil between January 2005 and December 2016. Socio-demographic data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Serological tests and analysis of CD4+ T-cell count levels were performed using standard procedures. Results The seroprevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV coinfections was 3.10%, 3.10%, and 0.16%, respectively. At baseline, anti-hepatitis B surface and anti-hepatitis B core antigens were detected in 46.27% and 16.74% of HIV-monoinfected patients and in 31.25% and 21.86% of the HIV-HCV coinfected patients, respectively. The median CD4+ T-cell count at baseline in the HIV-monoinfected group was higher than that in the HIV-coinfected groups, but without statistical significance. The median CD4+ T-cell count and the CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly higher in HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV groups after 24 months of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) compared to the pre-cART values. When comparing patients with HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV on cART, CD4+ T-cell recovery was more rapid for HIV-HBV patients. Conclusion Although the analyzed region was endemic for HBV, the prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was lower than the rate found in the general population of Brazil. HBV and HCV had no significant impact on CD4+ T-cell counts among HIV-infected patients at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyde Daiane de Peder
- Post-graduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, Maringá State University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Armando Bertolini
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Maringá State University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Chen Q, Tao C. BCP/PC mutation prevalence and their association with HBV replication in HIV/HBV co-infected patients. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2829-2833. [PMID: 29948380 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence (14.3%) of HIV/HBV co-infections reported in west China makes it necessary to screen concurrent HBV infection in HIV carriers. HBV B genotype was shown to be dominant in 54 cases of HIV/HBV co-infection, accounting for 81.48% of the total. The total drug resistance rate observed was 3.70%. A1762T, G1764A and G1896A mutations were common mutations identified in the BCP/PC region. However, the prevalence of the G1896A mutation was significantly high among the HBeAg negative HIV/HBV co-infected patients, and may be associated with high HBV replication. Mutations in the PC region are related to the loss in synthesis of HBeAg and may accelerate HBV replication in HIV positive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Division of Clinical microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, Republic of China
| | - Qixia Chen
- Division of Clinical microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, Republic of China
| | - Chuanmin Tao
- Division of Clinical microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh KP, Crane M, Audsley J, Avihingsanon A, Sasadeusz J, Lewin SR. HIV-hepatitis B virus coinfection: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. AIDS 2017; 31:2035-2052. [PMID: 28692539 PMCID: PMC5661989 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
: HIV infection has a significant impact on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with increased levels of HBV DNA, accelerated progression of liver disease and increased liver-associated mortality compared with HBV monoinfection. Widespread uptake and early initiation of HBV-active antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the natural history of HIV-HBV coinfection but the prevalence of liver disease remains elevated in this population. In this paper, we review recent studies examining the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease and seroconversion in HIV-HBV coinfection in the era of HBV-active antiretroviral therapy and the effects of HIV directly on liver disease. We also review novel therapeutics for the management of HBV with a particular emphasis on clinical strategies being developed for an HBV cure and an HIV cure and their impact on HIV-HBV coinfected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasha P Singh
- aThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital bVictorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity cDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne Australia dThai Red Cross AIDS Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tengan FM, Abdala E, Nascimento M, Bernardo WM, Barone AA. Prevalence of hepatitis B in people living with HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:587. [PMID: 28836955 PMCID: PMC5571507 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In immunocompromised patients, the chronicity rates of HBV infection are higher, but the rates of hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and HBsAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBe and anti-HBs are lower than those in immunocompetent subjects. This study aimed to evaluate articles on the prevalence of HBsAg in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) /AIDS (PLWHA) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods We searched the PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, and Embase databases for studies up to November 2016 on infection with HIV and HBV in LAC without period or language restrictions. We did not include case reports, case series, review articles, comments, or studies with a sample size smaller than 100. We also evaluated the quality of the articles using a list of criteria totaling 21 items. Results Of the 28 selected articles (n = 18,457) published from 1999 to 2016, 18 studies (64.3%) were from Brazil, 3 (10.7%) were from Argentina, 2 (7.1%) were from Chile, 2 (7.1%) were from Cuba, 1 (3.6%) was from Colombia, 1 (3.6%) was from Venezuela, and 1 (3.6%) was from Jamaica. The mean score for the assessment of the study quality was 11.6 (range: 8–16). The estimated pooled prevalence of HBsAg among PLWHA in the selected studies was 7.0% (95% CI 7.0–7.0%). The pooled prevalence of HBsAg was 8.0% (95% CI 8.0–9.0%) in the studies published from 1999 to 2006 and 6.0% (95% CI 5.0–6.0%) in the studies published during the later timeframe. Conclusions The results of this review indicate the need to increase the investment in preventive measures against hepatitis B, particularly when the impact of adequate vaccination in this population is considered. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed in LAC to determine the true prevalence of hepatitis B throughout the region and to clarify and address the risk factors associated with the acquisition of infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2695-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mitiko Tengan
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Viral Medical Research in Hepatology (Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por vírus - LIM-47), Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edson Abdala
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Viral Medical Research in Hepatology (Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por vírus - LIM-47), Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Nascimento
- Nursing Division, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Alci Barone
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Viral Medical Research in Hepatology (Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por vírus - LIM-47), Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barbosa JR, Colares JKB, Flores GL, Cortes VF, Miguel JC, Portilho MM, Marques VA, Potsch DV, Brandão-Mello CE, Amendola-Pires M, Pilotto JH, Lima DM, Lampe E, Villar LM. Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for detection of Hepatitis B and C markers in HIV infected patients. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:244-249. [PMID: 28782578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is little information describing the influence of HIV infection upon the performance of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for hepatitis B and C virus diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the performance of RDTs for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection among HIV-infected individuals. A total of 362 HIV infected individuals were recruited from clinics between January 2013 to November 2014 in the southeast and northeast of Brazil. HBsAg and anti-HCV were detected using commercial EIAs and four RDTs: HBV (Vikia HBsAg® and Wama Imuno-Rapido HBV®) and HCV (Bioeasy Teste Rápido HCV® and Wama Imuno-Rapido HCV®). Reactive HBsAg and anti-HCV serum samples were tested for HBV DNA and HCV RNA. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistic were determined. Using EIA, HBsAg and anti-HCV were detected in 14 (3.9%) and 37 (10.2%) serum samples respectively. Using serum only, HBsAg RDTs demonstrated sensitivities and specificities above 92.0% and Kappa values above 89.0%. Anti-HCV RDTs demonstrated sensitivity and specificities above 82.0% and Kappa higher than 89.0%. Using whole blood samples, Vikia HBsAg® and Wama Imuno-Rapido HCV® showed sensitivity and specificity above 99.0% with Kappa of 66.4% and 100%, respectively. HIV viral load was higher among discordant results for anti-HCV RDT. RDTs demonstrated good performance in HIV infected individuals showing the usefulness of assays in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil
| | - Geane Lopes Flores
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Faria Cortes
- Federal University of São João Del Rey, Campus Divinópolis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Vigo Potsch
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Amendola-Pires
- Gaffree and Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Nova Iguaçu General Hospital & AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Malta Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cross-Sectional Study to Determine the Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection in High Risk Groups in the Northeast Region of Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070793. [PMID: 28714924 PMCID: PMC5551231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) and HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) infections are more prevalent in vulnerable populations than the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in HIV-positive patients (GI), chronic renal failure (CRF) patients (GII) and coagulation disorder individuals (GIII). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2014 to March 2015. Serum samples were tested for markers of hepatitis B and C by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data and accompanying statistical analyses were performed using Epi Info™ 7. Results: A total of 348 individuals were recruited, i.e., 154 HIV-positive, 143 CRF and 51 coagulopathy patients. Among them, more than 66% were men, and the predominant age group was 26–35 years in GI and 56–65 years in GIII. Most patients had more than 8 years of education (66.2% in GI, 60.6% in GIII and 46.1% in GII), with a family income between 100–400 dollars in more than 48% of patients. The prevalence of the HBsAg marker was 3.9%, 7% and 3.9%, total anti-HBc was 28.6%, 55.9% and 31.4%, and anti-HCV was 1.3%, 12.6% and 47% for GI, GII and GIII, respectively. However, the prevalence of anti-HBs was greater than 70% in all groups. Conclusions: This study shows a high prevalence of HBV and HCV among specific groups compared to the general population. Factors such as age, income, number of sexual partners, sexually transmitted disease burden, blood transfusion history or blood products and blood transfusions before 1994 were associated with a higher prevalence for these infections.
Collapse
|
12
|
Avanzi VM, Vicente BA, Beloto NCP, Gomes-da-Silva MM, Ribeiro CEL, Tuon FF, Vidal LRR, Nogueira MB, Raboni SM. Profile of HIV subtypes in HIV/HBV- and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:470-477. [PMID: 28954067 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0450-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: HIV and viral hepatitis infections are major causes of chronic disease worldwide and have some similarities with regard to routes of transmission, epidemiology, front barriers faced during access of treatment, and strategies for a global public health response. The objective was to describe the HIV-1 subtypes, viral tropism and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin 28B (IL28B) from a case series of HIV/viral hepatitis coinfected patients from southern Brazil. METHODS: Clinical and epidemiological data were evaluated by a review of medical records. Periodic blood draws were taken to determine the viral and host characteristics. RESULTS: This study included 38 patients with HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV coinfection; the median age was 49 years. Thirty-seven (97.4%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 32 (84.2%) had an undetectable viral load, a median CD4+ T-cell count of 452 cells/mm3. HIV-1 subtyping showed 47.4 and 31.6% of patients with subtypes C and B, respectively. Analysis of viral co-receptor usage showed a predominance of the R5 variant (64.7%), with no significant difference between the subtypes. Twenty patients with HIV/HCV coinfection were eligible to receive HCV therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin, and 10/20 (50%) of them achieved sustained virological response. SNPs of IL28B were evaluated in 93.3% of patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, and 17 (60.7%) presented the CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: In the present case series, a higher frequency of HIV subtype C was found in coinfected patients. However such findings need to be prospectively evaluated with the inclusion of data from regional multicenter analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Miranda Avanzi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Bianca Arão Vicente
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba, Divisão Epidemiologica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luma HN, Eloumou SAFB, Ekaney DSM, Lekpa FK, Donfack-Sontsa O, Ngahane BHM, Mapoure YN. Sero-prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Co-infection Among HIV-infected Individuals in Two Regional Hospitals in Cameroon. Open AIDS J 2016; 10:199-208. [PMID: 27867437 PMCID: PMC5095895 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601610010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease related to Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. Data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Cameroon remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the sero-prevalence and correlates of Hepatitis markers in HIV/AIDS patients in two Regional Hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out from December 2014 to March 2015. HIV/AIDS patients aged 21 were included and above, receiving care at HIV treatment centres. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to screen for Hepatitis with HBsAg and anti HCV antibody rapid immunochromatographic test kits. Correlates of hepatitis were investigated by logistic regression. STATA was used for data analysis. RESULTS We included 833 HIV/AIDS patients,78.8% (657) were female. Mean age was 44(SD 11) years. Prevalence of Hepatitis in general (total of two viral markers tested) was 8.9% (74/833), with 6.1% for HBsAg and 2.8% for Anti-HCV antibodies. From multivariate analysis, the likelihood of having hepatitis was independently increased by a history of surgical interventions [OR: 1.82(1.06-3.14)], and of sexually transmitted infections [OR: 2.20(1.04-4.67)]. CONCLUSION Almost one in ten participants with HIV/AIDS attending the BRH and LRH tested positive for either HBsAg or anti HCV antibodies. Screening for HBV and HCV should therefore be integrated to the existing guidelines in Cameroon as it can influence management. More studies are needed to evaluate the extent of liver disease and magnitude of HIV suppression in hepatitis and HIV coinfection in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Namme Luma
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka Eloumou
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hanus JS, Ceretta LB, Simões PW, Tuon L. Incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:665-73. [PMID: 26676490 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0230-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C is a public health problem of global dimensions, affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. The main objective of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of hepatitis C in Brazil during the period between 2001 and 2012. METHODS An epidemiological, temporal, and descriptive study was performed using data from the Information System for Reportable Diseases. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2012, a total of 151,056 hepatitis C cases were recorded, accounting for 30.3% of all hepatitis notifications in Brazil. The average gross coefficient for the analysis period was 6.7 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The regions with the highest rates were the Southeast region (8.7 new cases/100,000 inhabitants) and the South (13.9 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). There was a predominance of men with respect to the incidence rate (8.0 new cases/100,000 inhabitants) compared to women (5.5 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). Injection drug use was the most common source of infection, and members of the white race, residents of urban areas, and those aged 60 to 64 years had the highest incidences. CONCLUSIONS Over the last 10 years, the incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil has increased, mainly in the South and Southeast. The adoption of fast, accurate diagnostic methods, together with epidemiological awareness, can facilitate early intervention measures for adequate control of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliét Silveira Hanus
- Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciane Bisognin Ceretta
- Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Priscyla Waleska Simões
- Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Tuon
- Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliveira MP, Lemes PS, Matos MAD, Del-Rios NHA, Santos Carneiro MA, Costa Silva ÁM, Lopes CLR, Teles SA, Aires RS, Lago BV, Araujo NM, Martins RMB. Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in Brazil. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1222-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pedroso Oliveira
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health; Federal University of Goiás (UFG); Goiás Brazil
| | - Pollyanne Sousa Lemes
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health; Federal University of Goiás (UFG); Goiás Brazil
| | - Márcia Alves Dias Matos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health; Federal University of Goiás (UFG); Goiás Brazil
| | | | | | - Ágabo Macedo Costa Silva
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health; Federal University of Goiás (UFG); Goiás Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|