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Magaji UF, Coremen M, Karabulut Bulan O, Sacan O, Yanardag R. Biochemical and Histological Effects of Moringa oleifera Extract against Valproate-Induced Kidney Damage. J Med Food 2024; 27:533-544. [PMID: 38836511 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid is an effective treatment for generalized seizure and related neurological defects. Despite its efficacy and acceptability, its use is associated with adverse drug effects. Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in phytochemical and nutritional components. It has excellent antioxidant and ethnobotanical benefits, thus popular among folk medicines and nutraceuticals. In the present study, 70% ethanol extract of moringa leaves was assessed for its in vivo biochemical and histological effects against valproate-induced kidney damage. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I: control animals given physiological saline (n = 8); Group II: Moringa extract-administered group (0.3 g/kg b.w./day, n = 8); Group III: valproate-administered animals (0.5 g/kg b.w./day, n = 15); and Group IV: valproate + moringa extract (given similar doses of both valproate and moringa extract, n = 12) administered group. Treatments were administered orally for 15 days, the animals were fasted overnight, anesthetized, and then tissue samples harvested. In the valproate-administered experimental group, serum urea and uric acid were elevated. In the kidney tissue of the valproate rats, glutathione was depleted, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) disrupted, while oxidative stress biomarker, inflammatory proteins (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), histological damage scores, and the number of PCNA-positive cells were elevated. M. oleifera attenuated all these biochemical defects through its plethora of diverse antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Faruk Magaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Melis Coremen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozlem Sacan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Riggs PK, Anderson AM, Tang B, Rubin LH, Morgello S, Marra CM, Gelman BB, Clifford DB, Franklin D, Heaton RK, Ellis RJ, Fennema-Notestine C, Letendre SL. Elevated Plasma Protein Carbonyl Concentration Is Associated with More Abnormal White Matter in People with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:2410. [PMID: 38140650 PMCID: PMC10747698 DOI: 10.3390/v15122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural brain abnormalities, including those in white matter (WM), remain common in people with HIV (PWH). Their pathogenesis is uncertain and may reflect multiple etiologies. Oxidative stress is associated with inflammation, HIV, and its comorbidities. The post-translational carbonylation of proteins results from oxidative stress, and circulating protein carbonyls may reflect this. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the associations between protein carbonyls and a panel of soluble biomarkers of neuronal injury and inflammation in plasma (N = 45) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, n = 32) with structural brain MRI. The volume of abnormal WM was normalized for the total WM volume (nAWM). In this multisite project, all regression models were adjusted for the scanner. The candidate covariates included demographics, HIV disease characteristics, and comorbidities. Participants were PWH on virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and were mostly white (64.4%) men (88.9%), with a mean age of 56.8 years. In unadjusted analyses, more nAWM was associated with higher plasma protein carbonyls (p = 0.002) and higher CCL2 (p = 0.045). In the adjusted regression models for nAWM, the association with plasma protein carbonyls remained significant (FDR p = 0.018). Protein carbonyls in plasma may be a valuable biomarker of oxidative stress and its associated adverse health effects, including within the central nervous system. If confirmed, these findings would support the hypothesis that reducing oxidative stress could treat or prevent WM injury in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Riggs
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Albert M. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leah H. Rubin
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christina M. Marra
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Departments of Pathology, and Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - David B. Clifford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donald Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert K. Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott L. Letendre
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Ajiboye BO, Dada S, Fatoba HO, Lawal OE, Oyeniran OH, Adetuyi OY, Olatunde A, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE. Dalbergiella welwitschia (Baker) Baker f. alkaloid-rich extracts attenuate liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115681. [PMID: 37837880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the Dalbergiella welwitschia alkaloid-rich extracts on liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hence, to induce diabetes, 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected into the Wistar rats. Subsequently, 5 % (w/v) of glucose water was given to the induced animals for 24 h. Thus, the animals (48) were grouped into five groups (n = 8), containing normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats placed on low (50 mg/kg body weight) and high (100 mg/kg body weight) doses of D. welwitschi alkaloid-rich leaf extracts (i.e. DWL and DWH respectively), and diabetic rats administered 200 mg/kg body weight of metformin (MET). The animals were sacrificed on the 21st day of the experiment, blood and liver were harvested, and different liver damage biomarkers were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic AST, ALT, albumin, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPX levels when compared to DC with no significant (p > 0.05) different when compared with NC. Also, diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in GGT and MDA levels, as well as, fragmented DNA and protein carbonyl levels when compared to DC with no significant (p > 0.05) different when compared with NC. In addition, histological examination revealed that diabetic rats placed on DWL, DWH and MET normalized the hepatocytes. Consequently, it can be inferred that alkaloid-rich extracts from D. welwitschi leaf could be helpful in improving liver damage associated with diabetes mellitus rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - S Dada
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - H O Fatoba
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O E Lawal
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O H Oyeniran
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O Y Adetuyi
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - A Olatunde
- Phytomedicine and Natural Products Drug Discovery, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - M Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - J Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - D Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - B E Oyinloye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, South Africa
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Heany SJ, Levine AJ, Lesosky M, Phillips N, Fouche JP, Myer L, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Horvath S, Hoare J. Persistent accelerated epigenetic ageing in a longitudinal cohort of vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:272-282. [PMID: 37179258 PMCID: PMC10404174 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown accelerated ageing in adolescents perinatally infected with HIV (PHIV +), based on discrepancies between epigenetic and chronological age. The current study examines follow-up longitudinal patterns of epigenetic ageing and the association of epigenetic ageing with cognition as well as whole brain structure changes in PHIV + and healthy controls enrolled in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort Study (CTAAC). The Illumina EPIC array was used to generate blood DNA methylation data from 60 PHIV + adolescents and 36 age-matched controls aged 9-12 years old at baseline and again at a 36-month follow-up. Epigenetic clock software estimated two measures of epigenetic age acceleration: extrinsic epigenetic accelerated ageing (EEAA) and age acceleration difference (AAD) at both time points. At follow-up, each participant completed neuropsychological testing, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging. At follow-up, PHIV infection remains associated with increased EEAA and AAD. Accelerated epigenetic ageing remained positively associated with viral load and negatively associated with CD4 ratio. EEAA was positively associated with whole brain grey matter volume and alterations in whole brain white matter integrity. AAD and EEAA were not associated with cognitive function within the PHIV + group. Measures of epigenetic ageing, as detected in DNA methylation patterns, remain increased in PHIV + adolescents across a 36-month period. Associations between epigenetic ageing measures, viral biomarkers, and alterations in brain micro- and macrostructure also persist at 36-month follow-up. Further study should determine if epigenetic age acceleration is associated with cognitive functional changes due to brain alterations in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Heany
- SA MRC Unit On Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Andrew J Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicineat the , University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Phillips
- SA MRC Unit On Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- SA MRC Unit On Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit On Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit On Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hoare
- SA MRC Unit On Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kaur S, Rubal, Kaur S, Kaur A, Kaur S, Gupta S, Mittal S, Dhiman M. A cross-sectional study to correlate antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation with prevalence of hypertension. Life Sci 2023; 313:121134. [PMID: 36544300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension a multifactorial consequence of environmental factors, life style and genetics is the well-recognized risk factor contributing to coronary heart diseases. The antioxidant imbalance, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress which is pivotal in progression of hypertension. The present study aims to understand the complex interaction between oxidative stress, inflammation and antioxidant system which is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis which further can exaggerate hypertension pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolic profile of hypertensive and normotensive subjects from Malwa region, Punjab was compared by estimating lipid profile, cardiac, hepatic and renal markers. The oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation), inflammatory markers (Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase and advanced oxygen protein products), and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS It is observed that the metabolic markers are altered in hypertensive subjects which further these subjects showed increased oxidative, inflammatory profile and compromised antioxidant status when compared with normotensive subjects. Co-relation analysis validated the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in impaired endothelial function and vital organ damage. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY These markers may act as early indicators of hypertension which usually do not show any physical symptoms, thus can be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. The current study suggests that disturbed homeostasis, a consequence of altered interaction between antioxidant system and inflammatory events raises the oxidative stress levels which eventually leads to hypertension and associated complications. These indicators can serve as early indicators of future chronic complications of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Rubal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Sushil Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India.
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Kaur S, Garg N, Rubal R, Dhiman M. Correlative study on heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and hypertension among the rural population of Malwa Region of Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90948-90963. [PMID: 35881282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced toxicity contributes to the progression of various metabolic disorders and possible mechanisms involved in disease progression are not well established. In this study, the correlation of heavy metal exposure and hypertension have been demonstrated. The results showed that in hypertensive subjects, the lipid profiles (triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and total cholesterol) and cardiac markers (CK-MB and LDH) were altered abruptly. As a consequence of heavy- induced oxidative stress, the oxidants (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and antioxidants (SOD, GSH, and TAC) were significantly increased and decreased, respectively in hypertension subjects. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) exceeded the permissible limits in hypertensive subjects. The Nrf-2 genotyping indicated that heavy metals may induce mutations at molecular level. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the heavy metals interact with cellular components and interfere with metabolic processes which then results in disturbed lipid profile, enhanced oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant status. The current study systematically estimated the association of hair and nail heavy metal concentrations with hypertension among the population residing in the Malwa region of Punjab. The proposed study highlighted that heavy metals act as a silent risk factor in the hypertension progression in the population of Malwa region. Future studies are required to confirm current findings and further scrutinize the effect of heavy metals exposure in early adulthood, early, and late mid-life to develop metabolic complications such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rubal Rubal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Molecular Self-Assembly of an Unusual Dinuclear Ruthenium(III) Complex Based on the Nucleobase Guanine. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of crystal structures based on complexes containing purine nucleobases is a significant research subject, mainly regarding the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases and the investigation of genetic mutations and biochemical structures in life sciences. We have obtained and characterized a new dinuclear ruthenium(III) complex based on guanine with the formula [{Ru(µ-Cl)(µ-gua)}2Cl4]·2H2O (1) (gua = guanine). 1 was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), Hirshfeld surface analysis and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The study of its electrochemical properties allowed us to investigate the presence of guanine molecules when linked to the ruthenium(III) ion in 1. The well-resolved voltammetric response together with the reliability and stability achieved through 1 could provide a step forward to developing new ruthenium-based platforms, devices and modified electrodes adequate to study this purine nucleobase.
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Kehm R, Baldensperger T, Raupbach J, Höhn A. Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101901. [PMID: 33744200 PMCID: PMC8113053 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species and related oxidants is an inevitable consequence of life. Proteins are major targets for oxidation reactions, because of their rapid reaction rates with oxidants and their high abundance in cells, extracellular tissues, and body fluids. Additionally, oxidative stress is able to degrade lipids and carbohydrates to highly reactive intermediates, which eventually attack proteins at various functional sites. Consequently, a wide variety of distinct posttranslational protein modifications is formed by protein oxidation, glycoxidation, and lipoxidation. Reversible modifications are relevant in physiological processes and constitute signaling mechanisms ("redox signaling"), while non-reversible modifications may contribute to pathological situations and several diseases. A rising number of publications provide evidence for their involvement in the onset and progression of diseases as well as aging processes. Certain protein oxidation products are chemically stable and formed in large quantity, which makes them promising candidates to become biomarkers of oxidative damage. Moreover, progress in the development of detection and quantification methods facilitates analysis time and effort and contributes to their future applicability in clinical routine. The present review outlines the most important classes and selected examples of oxidative protein modifications, elucidates the chemistry beyond their formation and discusses available methods for detection and analysis. Furthermore, the relevance and potential of protein modifications as biomarkers in the context of disease and aging is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kehm
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tim Baldensperger
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Jana Raupbach
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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9
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Mohamed EE, Younis ER, Mohamed EA. Impact of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) on maintaining bolti fish (
Tilapia nilotica
) freshness and quality criteria during cold storing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsebaie Essam Mohamed
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐sheikh Egypt
| | - Essa Rowida Younis
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐sheikh Egypt
| | - Elsbaay Atef Mohamed
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
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Dimethyl Fumarate, an Approved Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, Reduces Brain Oxidative Stress in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques: Potential Therapeutic Repurposing for HIV Neuroprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030416. [PMID: 33803289 PMCID: PMC7998206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, induces antioxidant enzymes, in part through transcriptional upregulation. We hypothesized that DMF administration to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques would induce antioxidant enzyme expression and reduce oxidative injury and inflammation throughout the brain. Nine SIV-infected, CD8+-T-lymphocyte-depleted rhesus macaques were studied. Five received oral DMF prior to the SIV infection and through to the necropsy day. Protein expression was analyzed in 11 brain regions, as well as the thymus, liver, and spleen, using Western blot and immunohistochemistry for antioxidant, inflammatory, and neuronal proteins. Additionally, oxidative stress was determined in brain sections using immunohistochemistry (8-OHdG, 3NT) and optical redox imaging of oxidized flavoproteins containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (Fp) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The DMF treatment was associated with no changes in virus replication; higher expressions of the antioxidant enzymes NQO1, GPX1, and HO-1 in the brain and PRDX1 and HO-2 in the spleen; lower levels of 8-OHdG and 3NT; a lower optical redox ratio. The DMF treatment was also associated with increased expressions of cell-adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and no changes in HLA-DR, CD68, GFAP, NFL, or synaptic proteins. The concordantly increased brain antioxidant enzyme expressions and reduced oxidative stress in DMF-treated SIV-infected macaques suggest that DMF could limit oxidative stress throughout the brain through effective induction of the endogenous antioxidant response. We propose that DMF could potentially induce neuroprotective brain responses in persons living with HIV.
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Kumar P, Liu C, Suliburk JW, Minard CG, Muthupillai R, Chacko S, Hsu JW, Jahoor F, Sekhar RV. Supplementing Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Aging HIV Patients Improves Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, Genotoxicity, Strength, and Cognition: Results of an Open-Label Clinical Trial. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100390. [PMID: 33007928 PMCID: PMC7601820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with HIV (PWH) develop geriatric comorbidities, including functional and cognitive decline at a younger age. However, contributing mechanisms are unclear and interventions are lacking. We hypothesized that deficiency of the antioxidant protein glutathione (GSH) contributes to multiple defects representing premature aging in PWH, and that these defects could be improved by supplementing the GSH precursors glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC). Methods: We conducted an open label clinical trial where eight PWH and eight matched uninfected-controls were studied at baseline. PWH were studied again 12-weeks after receiving GlyNAC, and 8-weeks after stopping GlyNAC. Controls did not receive supplementation. Outcome measures included red-blood cell and muscle GSH concentrations, mitochondrial function, mitophagy and autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial function, genomic damage, insulin resistance, glucose production, muscle-protein breakdown rates, body composition, physical function and cognition. Results: PWH had significant defects in measured outcomes, which improved with GlyNAC supplementation. However, benefits receded after stopping GlyNAC. Conclusions: This open label trial finds that PWH have premature aging based on multiple biological and functional defects, and identifies novel mechanistic explanations for cognitive and physical decline. Nutritional supplementation with GlyNAC improves comorbidities suggestive of premature aging in PWH including functional and cognitive decline, and warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premranjan Kumar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Chun Liu
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.K.); (C.L.)
| | - James W. Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Charles G. Minard
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Jean W. Hsu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.C.); (J.W.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Rajagopal V. Sekhar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.K.); (C.L.)
- Thomas Street HIV-Health Center, Harris Health, Houston, TX 77009, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gonzalez H, Podany A, Al-Harthi L, Wallace J. The far-reaching HAND of cART: cART effects on astrocytes. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:144-158. [PMID: 32147775 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the morbidity and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been drastically curtailed and HIV has now become a chronic manageable disease. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and experiencing significant co-morbidities and conditions of aging. NeuroHIV, clinically defined as HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) and pathologically manifested by persistent inflammation in the CNS despite cART, is a significant co-morbid condition for PLWH. In the pre-cART era, HIV mediated much of the pathogenesis in the Central Nervous System (CNS); in the cART era, with low to undetectable viremia, other mechanisms may be contributing to persistent neuroinflammation. Emerging data point to the adverse effects at the cellular level of cART, independent of HIV. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the CNS, playing vital roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis (e.g. metabolic support to neurons, clearance of neurotransmitters, ion balance, modulation of synaptic functions and maintaining the structural integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, any disruption of their function will have wide repercussions in the CNS. In this review, we will address current knowledge and gaps on the impact of antiretrovirals (ARVs) on astrocytes and physiologic consequences in the CNS. Understanding the status of this field, will provide a practical framework to elucidate the potential role of cART-mediated dysregulation of astrocytes in neuroHIV pathogenesis and inform therapeutic strategies that are "neuro-friendly". Graphical abstract CNS-penetrating cART have the potential to cause resting astrocytes to become activated into an A1 or neurotoxic phenotype. These cells can in turn secrete inflammatory cytokines that affect surrounding microglia macrophages, as well as neurotoxic factors that impact nearby neurons. In addition, impairment in the physiologic functions of astrocytes will result in altered BBB permeability and disrupted metabolic homeostasis. CNS=Central Nervous System; cART=combined antiretroviral therapy; BBB=blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemil Gonzalez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony Podany
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science; College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennillee Wallace
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lu J, Ma SS, Zhang WY, Duan JP. Changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and intestinal flora in AIDS and HIV-positive individuals. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:793-802. [PMID: 31489799 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals (AIDS/HIV patients), and explored the relationships among intestinal flora, peripheral blood inflammatory factors, and CD4+ T lymphocytes. METHODS Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium. Correlations among intestinal flora, inflammatory factor levels, and CD4+ T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group, while the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was lower. The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group, while the amounts of E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium were much higher. The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-α and IL-6 and the CD4+ T lymphocyte count, while those correlations were reversed for E. coli, E. faecalis, and E. faecium. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered, and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Sai-Sai Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Wei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jian-Ping Duan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, China
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14
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Wei H, Li J, Li Y, Song J. MicroRNA-451 inhibits inflammation and proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells through down-regulating PSMD11 and NF-κB p65. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191455. [PMID: 31652441 PMCID: PMC6822504 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of microRNA-451 (miR-451) on the inflammation and proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) under high-glucose condition, and reveal the potential mechanisms related to 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 (PSMD11) and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) signaling. The interaction between PSMD11 and miR-451 was identified by dual luciferase reporter (DLR) gene assay. GMCs were treated with 5.6 mmol/l (normal, L-GMCs) and 30 mmol/l glucose (high-glucose, H-GMCs), respectively. After transfecting with pcDNA3.1-PSMD11 and/or miR-451 mimics, the expression of miR-451, PSMD11, inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), NF-κB p65, COX-2, and cyclinD1 were detected in H-GMCs by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and/or Western blot. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, cell cycle, and viability was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and MTT assay, respectively. MiR-451 was up-regulated in H-GMCs, and negatively regulated its target PSMD11 (P<0.05). H-GMCs exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, cell viability, and p-IκBα, NF-κB, COX-2, and cyclinD1 expression than L-GMCs (P<0.05). The transfection of miR-451 mimics significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, inhibited the cell viability via blocking cells in G0/G1 phase, and down-regulated p-IκBα, NF-κB p65, COX-2, and cyclinD1 in H-GMCs (P<0.05). The regulatory effects of miR-451 mimics on H-GMCs were reversed by the transfection of PSMD11 (P<0.05). The up-regulation of miR-451 inhibits the inflammation and proliferation of H-GMCs through down-regulating PSMD11 and NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Shouguang People’s Hospital, No. 1233, Jiankang Street, Shouguang City, Shandong Province 262700, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Caoxian People’s Hospital, East Qinghe Road, South Fumin Avenue, Caoxian Development Zone, Heze City 274400, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Medical, The First People’s Hospital of Jinan City, No. 132, Daminghu Road, Lixia District, Jinan City 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhua West Road, Jinan City 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Si L, Fu J, Liu W, Hayashi T, Nie Y, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Silibinin inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of mitochondrial fusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 463:189-201. [PMID: 31612353 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human triple negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, show typical epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated with cancer progression. Mitochondria play a major role in cancer progression, including metastasis. Changes in mitochondrial architecture affect cellular migration, autophagy and apoptosis. Silibinin is reported to have anti-breast cancer effect. We here report that silibinin at lower concentrations (30-90 μM) inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231, by increasing the expression of epithelial marker, E-cadherin, and decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and vimentin. Besides, silibinin inhibition of cell migration is associated with reduction in the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) and paxillin. In addition, silibinin treatment increases mitochondrial fusion through down-regulating the expression of mitochondrial fission-associated protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and up-regulating the expression of mitochondrial fusion-associated proteins, optic atrophy 1, mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2. Silibinin perturbed mitochondrial biogenesis via down-regulating the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators including mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC1) and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF2). Moreover, DRP1 knockdown or silibinin inhibited cell migration, and MFN1&2 knockdown restored it. Mitochondrial fusion contributes to silibinin's negative effect on cell migration. Silibinin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, knockdown of mitofusin 1&2 (MFN 1&2) relieved silibinin-induced inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Repression of ROS contributes to the inhibition of the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-β proteins as well as of cell migration. Taken together, our study provides evidence that silibinin impairs mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, resulting in reduced migration and invasion of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Si
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yuheng Nie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Medical Research Institute of Curing Mibyo, 1-6-28 Narusedai, Machida, Tokyo, 194-0042, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Approaches and Methods to Measure Oxidative Stress in Clinical Samples: Research Applications in the Cancer Field. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1279250. [PMID: 30992736 PMCID: PMC6434272 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1279250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common by-products of normal aerobic cellular metabolism and play important physiological roles in intracellular cell signaling and homeostasis. The human body is equipped with antioxidant systems to regulate the levels of these free radicals and maintain proper physiological function. However, a condition known as oxidative stress (OS) occurs, when ROS overwhelm the body's ability to readily detoxify them. Excessive amounts of free radicals generated under OS conditions cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, severely compromising cell health and contributing to disease development, including cancer. Biomarkers of OS can therefore be exploited as important tools in the assessment of disease status in humans. In the present review, we discuss different approaches used for the evaluation of OS in clinical samples. The described methods are limited in their ability to reflect on OS only partially, revealing the need of more integrative approaches examining both pro- and antioxidant reactions with higher sensitivity to physiological/pathological alternations. We also provide an overview of recent findings of OS in patients with different types of cancer. Identification of OS biomarkers in clinical samples of cancer patients and defining their roles in carcinogenesis hold great promise in promoting the development of targeted therapeutic approaches and diagnostic strategies assessing disease status. However, considerable data variability across laboratories makes it difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of these OS biomarkers. To our knowledge, no adequate comparison has yet been performed between different biomarkers and the methodologies used to measure them, making it difficult to conduct a meta-analysis of findings from different groups. A critical evaluation and adaptation of proposed methodologies available in the literature should therefore be undertaken, to enable the investigators to choose the most suitable procedure for each chosen biomarker.
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