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Mendelson M, Lewnard JA, Sharland M, Cook A, Pouwels KB, Alimi Y, Mpundu M, Wesangula E, Weese JS, Røttingen JA, Laxminarayan R. Ensuring progress on sustainable access to effective antibiotics at the 2024 UN General Assembly: a target-based approach. Lancet 2024; 403:2551-2564. [PMID: 38797179 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis for countries of all economic levels, alongside the broader challenge of access to antibiotics. As a result, development goals for child survival, healthy ageing, poverty reduction, and food security are at risk. Preserving antimicrobial effectiveness, a global public good, requires political will, targets, accountability frameworks, and funding. The upcoming second high-level meeting on AMR at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in September, 2024, is evidence of political interest in addressing the problem of AMR, but action on targets, accountability, and funding, absent from the 2016 UNGA resolution, is needed. We propose ambitious yet achievable global targets for 2030 (relative to a prepandemic 2019 baseline): a 10% reduction in mortality from AMR; a 20% reduction in inappropriate human antibiotic use; and a 30% reduction in inappropriate animal antibiotic use. Given national variation in current levels of antibiotic use, these goals (termed the 10-20-30 by 2030) should be met within a framework of universal access to effective antibiotics. The WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWARE) system can be used to define, monitor, and evaluate appropriate levels of antibiotic use and access. Some countries should increase access to narrow-spectrum, safe, and affordable (Access) antibiotics, whereas others should discourage the inappropriate use of broader-spectrum (Watch) and last-resort (Reserve) antibiotics; AWARE targets should use a risk-based, burden-adjusted approach. Improved infection prevention and control, access to clean water and sanitation, and vaccination coverage can offset the selection effects of increased antibiotic use in low-income settings. To ensure accountability and global scientific guidance and consensus, we call for the establishment of the Independent Panel on Antimicrobial Access and Resistance and the support of leaders from low-income and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Joseph A Lewnard
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mike Sharland
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Aislinn Cook
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St Georges University of London, London, UK; Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Koen B Pouwels
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yewande Alimi
- Africa Centres for Disease Prevention and Control, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Evelyn Wesangula
- East Central and Southern Africa Health Community, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Jeffrey Scott Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ramanan Laxminarayan
- One Health Trust, Bengaluru, India; High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Hadid M, Alwan N, Dimassi H, Deghel M, El Khatib S, Serhan M, Hassan HF. Microbial assessment of commercial pet foods marketed in the United Arab Emirates. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1389981. [PMID: 38855408 PMCID: PMC11157112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining the microbiological characteristics of pet food is imperative to safeguard the health and well-being of companion animals, pet owners, and the surrounding environment. Domestic animals, known for carrying harmful microorganisms, pose a significant health risk, especially in close proximity to people and children. Notably, no studies have previously investigated pet food quality in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, in particular, the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study examined the microbiological quality of all stock keeping units (SKUs) of pet foods marketed in UAE (n = 118). Parameters assessed include Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC), Enterobacteriaceae, Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC), Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Clostridium species. Among the 118 samples, 33 (28%) exceeded the acceptable TAMC limit of 106 CFU/g, highlighting significant variations based on manufacturers and ingredients. Eight samples (7%) surpassed the maximum Enterobacteriaceae limit of 3 × 102 CFU/g. TYMC levels exhibited variation, with 33 (28%) exceeding the limit of 104 CFU/g. L. monocytogenes was identified in 44 (37%) of the samples, while Salmonella was not detected. Clostridium contamination was observed in 28 (24%) of the samples. Statistical analyses revealed associations between pet food characteristics and microbial quality, underscoring the imperative for international standards to ensure the safety of pet food. These findings carry significant implications for pet owners, regulatory bodies, and the pet food industry, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to enhance the overall quality and safety of pet food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michella Hadid
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nisreen Alwan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maria Deghel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB) at Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hussein F. Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Silva BA, do Amarante VS, Xavier RGC, Colombo SA, da Silva TF, Brenig B, Aburjaile FF, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Silva ROS. Characterization of ESBL/AmpC-producing extraintestinal Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in dogs treated at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105106. [PMID: 38086217 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The clinical aspects and lineages involved in Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) infections in dogs remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular structures of ExPECs isolated from infected dogs in Brazil. Samples were obtained from dogs (n = 42) with suspected extraintestinal bacterial infections. Phylogroup B2 was predominant (65.1%). No association was observed between the site of infection, phylogroups, or virulence factors. Almost half of the isolates (44.2%) were MDR, and 20.9% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive. E. coli isolates that were resistant to fluoroquinolones (27.9%) were more likely to be MDR. The CTX-M-15 enzyme was predominant among the ESBL-producing strains, and seven sequence types were identified, including the high-risk clones ST44 and ST131. Single SNPs analysis confirmed the presence of two clonal transmissions. The present study showed a high frequency of ExPECs from phylogroup B2 infecting various sites and a high frequency of ESBL-producing strains that included STs frequently associated with human infection. This study also confirmed the nosocomial transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli, highlighting the need for further studies on the prevention and diagnosis of nosocomial infections in veterinary settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendhal Almeida Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Santos do Amarante
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Salene Angelini Colombo
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
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Moon BY, Ali MS, Kwon DH, Heo YE, Hwang YJ, Kim JI, Lee YJ, Yoon SS, Moon DC, Lim SK. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Dogs and Cats in South Korea, 2020-2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:27. [PMID: 38247586 PMCID: PMC10812631 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in companion animals poses public health hazards globally. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and patterns of commensal E. coli strains obtained from fecal samples of healthy dogs and cats in South Korea between 2020 and 2022. In total, 843 E. coli isolates (dogs, n = 637, and cats, n = 206) were assessed for susceptibility to 20 antimicrobials. The resistance rates of the most tested antimicrobials were significantly higher in dog than in cat isolates. Cefalexin (68.9%) demonstrated the highest resistance rates, followed by ampicillin (38.3%), tetracycline (23.1%), and cefazolin (18.7%). However, no or very low resistance (0-0.6%) to amikacin, imipenem, piperacillin, and colistin was found in both dog and cat isolates. Overall, 42.3% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR in isolates from dogs (34.9%) was significantly higher than in those from cats (20.9%). The main components of the resistance patterns were cefalexin and ampicillin in both dog and cat isolates. Additionally, MDR patterns in isolates from dogs (29.2%) and cats (16%) were shown to encompass five or more antimicrobials. Multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli could potentially be spread to humans or other animals through clonal or zoonotic transmission. Therefore, the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in companion animals highlights the urgent need to restrict antimicrobial resistance and ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Md. Sekendar Ali
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kwon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Ye-Eun Heo
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Yu-Jeong Hwang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Ji-In Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Yun Jin Lee
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
| | - Dong-Chan Moon
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.-H.K.); (Y.-E.H.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-I.K.); (Y.J.L.); (S.-S.Y.)
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Gambino D, Galluzzo FG, Cicero L, Cirincione R, Mannino E, Fiore V, Proverbio D, Spada E, Cassata G, Gargano V. Antibiotic Resistance Genes Carried by Commensal Escherichia coli from Shelter Cats in Italy. Vet Sci 2023; 10:680. [PMID: 38133231 PMCID: PMC10747167 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a widespread global health problem. The presence of resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes has been demonstrated not only in humans but also in animals, including pets. Stray cats share the urban environment with people and pets. This may facilitate transmission of resistant bacteria and resistance genes between stray animals, people and domestic animals. Several studies have investigated the role of stray cats as a fecal carrier of ESBL-producing bacteria. However, there are many genes and resistance mechanisms that can be detected in commensal E. coli, which, because of its genetic plasticity, is considered an indicator for monitoring antibiotic resistance. In this study, rectal swabs were collected from stray cats from colonies and shelters in the city of Monza (Monza Brianza, Italy) to isolate commensal E. coli. Phenotypic tests, such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the double disc test (DDST), and molecular analyses to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were used to study the resistance of these isolates. The results obtained confirm that stray cats can carry ESBL-producing E. coli (6.7%) and genes conferring resistance to other important antibiotic classes such as tetracyclines and sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Gambino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Cicero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Roberta Cirincione
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Erika Mannino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Veronica Fiore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Daniela Proverbio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (D.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Spada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (D.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Giovanni Cassata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gargano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.G.); (R.C.); (E.M.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (V.G.)
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Das S, Kabir A, Chouhan CS, Shahid MAH, Habib T, Rahman M, Nazir KHMNH. Domestic cats are potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant human enteropathogenic E. coli strains in Bangladesh. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103786. [PMID: 37771370 PMCID: PMC10522898 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Companion animals serve as our best friends, confidants, and family members. Thus, disease and antibiotic resistance gene transmission in pets and humans must be sought out. The study aimed to identify the common pathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) in pet cats and the antibiotic resistance patterns and resistant gene distribution. Samples (n = 210) were collected from different veterinary clinics in Bangladesh's cities of Mymensingh and Dhaka. Pathogenic E. coli was identified using conventional and molecular approaches. The disc diffusion method assessed the resistance profile against 12 antibiotics, and PCR was used to identify the beta-lactam resistance genes. The prevalence of the stx-1 gene was found to be 2.86%, whereas the rfbO157 prevalence was found to be 1.90% in cats. The stx-1 gene (n = 6) was 100% resistant to erythromycin and imipenem, whereas 100% sensitive to chloramphenicol. In turn, the rfbO157 gene (n = 4) exhibited 100% resistance to erythromycin, imipenem, cefixime, and azithromycin. In addtion, we identified genes that exhibit resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (100% blaTEM, 40% blaCTX-M, 40% blaSHV2). This study found shiga-toxin producing and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli for the first time in pet cats of Bangladesh. Furthermore, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of the isolated strains refers to the occurrence of multidrug, which concerns cats and their owners. The existence of these genes in non-diarrheic pet animal isolates indicates that domestic pets may serve as a reservoir for human infection. Thus, one health strategy comprising animal and human health sectors, governments, together with stakeholders is needed to confront multidrug-resistant E. coli infections in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Das
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ajran Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Chandra Shaker Chouhan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ahosanul Haque Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tasmia Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - KHM Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Sintondji K, Fabiyi K, Hougbenou J, Koudokpon H, Lègba B, Amoussou H, Haukka K, Dougnon V. Prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in healthy pregnant women and hospital environments in Benin: an approach based on Tricycle. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227000. [PMID: 37841745 PMCID: PMC10569593 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales are recognized as significant pathogens due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in different settings, including healthy pregnant women, the food chain, and the environment of tertiary hospitals in Benin. Methods Samples were collected from various sources, including fecal samples from healthy pregnant women, food samples from hospital canteens, and hospital effluents from four tertiary hospitals in southern Benin. Fecal samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (4 μg/mL), while food and water samples were plated on Tryptone Bile X agar supplemented with cefotaxime (4 μg/mL). Urea indole tests were used for preliminary identification of E. coli colonies, followed by confirmation of ESBL production using the double disk synergy technique. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of ESBL-producing E. coli strains was conducted using the disk diffusion method on MH agar. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the presence of ESBL-encoding genes. Results Among the 296 fecal samples collected from four tertiary hospitals, ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 22.30% (66) of the samples. All E. coli isolates from hospital effluents exhibited ESBL production, while ESBL-producing E. coli was not detected in food and drinking water samples. The analysis of variable associations showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) for the studied factors. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates among the ESBL-Ec isolates against several tested antibiotics, including amoxicillin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, most isolates remained susceptible to ertapenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and imipenem. The most prevalent ESBL-encoding genes were blaTEM (37.50%), blaOXA-1 (19.44%), and blaSHV (11.11%), while a smaller proportion of isolates carried blaCTXM-1/blaCTXM-15 (5.55%) and blaCTXM-9. Discussion This study provides insights into the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli carriage in the feces of healthy pregnant women in southern Benin. Additionally, it highlights hospital wastewater as a potential reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria in the environment. The detection of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospital effluents raises concerns about the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes into the environment. The high resistance rates observed among ESBL-Ec isolates against commonly used antibiotics emphasize the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures. The identification of prevalent ESBL-encoding genes contributes to understanding the genetic basis of ESBL resistance in the studied population. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms of transmission and potential interventions to mitigate the spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sintondji
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kafayath Fabiyi
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jules Hougbenou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Hornel Koudokpon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Boris Lègba
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Hornella Amoussou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kaisa Haukka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victorien Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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8
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Galarce N, Arriagada G, Sánchez F, Escobar B, Miranda M, Matus S, Vilches R, Varela C, Zelaya C, Peralta J, Paredes-Osses E, González-Rocha G, Lapierre L. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from household dogs in Chile. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1233127. [PMID: 37655259 PMCID: PMC10467275 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to animal and public health worldwide; consequently, several AMR surveillances programs have been implemented internationally in both human and veterinary medicine, including indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, companion animals are not typically included in these surveillance programs. Nevertheless, there have been reports of increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains isolated from dogs worldwide. In Chile, there is limited information available on AMR in E. coli isolated from companion animals, which prevents the establishment of objective prevention and control measures. Methods For this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR of E. coli strains isolated from healthy household dogs in Chile. For this purpose, a multi-stage sampling was carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, obtaining samples from 600 healthy dogs. These samples were processed using traditional bacteriology and molecular techniques to isolate E. coli strains. We assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration of 17 antimicrobials and conducted a search of six antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as class 1 and 2 integrons, in the isolated strains. Results Two-hundred and twenty-four strains of E. coli were recovered, and 96.9% (n = 217) showed resistance to at least one drug and only 3.1% (n = 7) were susceptible to all analyzed antimicrobials. Most strains were resistant to cefalexin (91.5%, n = 205, 1st-generation cephalosporin), followed by ampicillin (68.3%, n = 153) and cefpodoxime (31.3%, n = 70, 3rd-generation cephalosporin). Moreover, 24.1% (n = 54) tested positive for extended-spectrum-β-lactamases and 34.4% (n = 77) were multidrug resistant. As for the AMR genes, the most detected was qnrB (28.1%, n = 63), followed by blaCTX-M (22.3%, n = 50), and blaTEM-1 (19.6%, n = 44). Additionally, 16.1% (n = 36) harbored class 1 integrons. Our study shows that E. coli strains isolated from healthy household dogs exhibit resistance to several relevant drugs and also antimicrobial resistance genes considered critical for human health. These results can be used as a starting point for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance from companion animals. This background should be considered when formulating future resistance surveillance programs or control plans in which companion animals must be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Galarce
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Fernando Sánchez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Miranda
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Matus
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Vilches
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Varela
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Zelaya
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefa Peralta
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Paredes-Osses
- Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Tong YC, Li PC, Yang Y, Lin QY, Liu JT, Gao YN, Zhang YN, Jin S, Qing SZ, Xing FS, Fan YP, Liu YQ, Wang WL, Zhang WM, Ma WR. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Feline-Origin ESBL Escherichia coli from Different Areas of China and the Resistance Elimination of Garlic Oil to Cefquinome on ESBL E. coli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119627. [PMID: 37298578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli has become a global public health concern. Due to the share of similar flora between pets and their owners, the detection of pet-origin antibiotic-resistant E. coli is necessary. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of feline-origin ESBL E. coli in China and to explore the resistance elimination effect of garlic oil to cefquinome on ESBL E. coli. Cat fecal samples were collected from animal hospitals. The E. coli isolates were separated and purified by indicator media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ESBL genes were detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The MICs were determined. The synergistic effect of garlic oil and cefquinome against ESBL E. coli was investigated by checkerboard assays, time-kill and growth curves, drug-resistance curves, PI and NPN staining, and a scanning electronic microscope. A total of 80 E. coli strains were isolated from 101 fecal samples. The rate of ESBL E. coli was 52.5% (42/80). The prevailing ESBL genotypes in China were CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, and TEM-116. In ESBL E. coli, garlic oil increased the susceptibility to cefquinome with FICIs from 0.2 to 0.7 and enhanced the killing effect of cefquinome with membrane destruction. Resistance to cefquinome decreased with treatment of garlic oil after 15 generations. Our study indicates that ESBL E. coli has been detected in cats kept as pets. The sensitivity of ESBL E. coli to cefquinome was enhanced by garlic oil, indicating that garlic oil may be a potential antibiotic enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qing-Yi Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin-Tong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Su-Zhu Qing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fu-Shan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yun-Peng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wu-Ren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Xi'an Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an 710065, China
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10
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Tong YC, Zhang YN, Li PC, Cao YL, Ding DZ, Yang Y, Lin QY, Gao YN, Sun SQ, Fan YP, Liu YQ, Qing SZ, Ma WR, Zhang WM. Detection of antibiotic-resistant canine origin Escherichia coli and the synergistic effect of magnolol in reducing the resistance of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1104812. [PMID: 37008355 PMCID: PMC10057116 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe development of antimicrobial resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli has become a global public health concern. Due to daily close contact, dogs kept as pets share the same E. coli with their owners. Therefore, the detection of antimicrobial resistance in canine E. coli is important, as the results could provide guidance for the future use of antibiotics. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance of canine origin E. coli in Shaanxi province and to explore the inhibition effect of magnolol combined with cefquinome on MDR E. coli, so as to provide evidence for the use of antibiotics.MethodsCanine fecal samples were collected from animal hospitals. The E. coli isolates were separated and purified using various indicator media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Drug-resistance genes [aacC2, ant(3')-I, aph(3')-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3')-IIe, blaKPC, blaIMP−4, blaOXA, blaCMY, blaTEM−1, blaSHV, blaCTX−M−1, blaCTX−M−9, Qnra, Qnrb, Qnrs, TetA, TetB, TetM, Ermb] were also detected by PCR. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 10 antibiotics using the broth-microdilution method. Synergistic activity of magnolol and cefquinome against multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains was investigated using checkerboard assays, time-kill curves, and drug-resistance curves.ResultsA total of 101 E. coli strains were isolated from 158 fecal samples collected from animal hospitals. MIC determinations showed that 75.25% (76/101) of the E. coli strains were MDR. A total of 22 drug-resistance genes were detected among the 101 strains. The blaTEM−1gene exhibited the highest detection rate (89.77%). The TetA and Sul gene also exhibited high detection rate (66.34 and 53.47%, respectively). Carbapenem-resistant E. coli strains were found in Shangluo and Yan'an. Additionally, in MDR E. coli initially resistant to cefquinome, magnolol increased the susceptibility to cefquinome, with an FICI (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index) between 0.125 and 0.5, indicating stable synergy. Furthermore, magnolol enhanced the killing effect of cefquinome against MDR E. coli. Resistance of MDR E. coli to cefquinome decreased markedly after treatment with magnolol for 15 generations.ConclusionOur study indicates that antibiotic-resistance E. coli has been found in domestic dogs. After treatment with magnolol extracted from the Chinese herb Houpo (Magnolia officinalis), the sensitivity of MDR E. coli to cefquinome was enhanced, indicating that magnolol reverses the resistance of MDR E. coli. The results of this study thus provide reference for the control of E. coli resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ya-Li Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dong-Zhao Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qing-Yi Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yun-Peng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Su-Zhu Qing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wu-Ren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Xi'an Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, China
- Wu-Ren Ma
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Zhang
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11
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β-Lactamase Genes ( blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA1 and blaOXA2) and Phylogenetic Groups in ESBL Producing Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Faecal Samples from Dairy Farm in the Municipality of Debar. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
β-lactamases are a diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that present a major cause for resistance to β-lactams. In this study we analysed 159 fecal samples from dairy cows, for the presence of presumptive ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Phylotyping was done using Clermont phylo-typing method, targeting arpA, ChuA, and YjaA genes, along with the DNA fragment TspE4.C2. Convetional PCR method was used to confirm the presence of bla genes among 39 phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing E. coli. The results showed presence of CTX-M, SHV, TEM and OXA1 bla genes in 28 (71.79%), 1 (2.56%), 29 (74.35%), 2 (5.12%) of isolates, respectively Twenty (51.28%) isolates showed presence of both blaCTX-M and TEM genes. The strain that carried the blaSHV gene was found to carry blaTEM gene as well, while one of the strains that carried blaOXA1 gene was also carrying blaCTX-M and TEM gene. The ration between isolates and phylo-groups was as follows: 9 (23.07%) strains were assigned to phyllo-group D; 14 (35.89%) to phyllo-group B; 16 (41.02%) to phyllo-group A. Out of the 39 strains where bla genes were identified, 29 (74.35%) were categorized as multi drug resistant.
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12
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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug Resistance and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing E. coli Isolated from Healthy and Diseased Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020229. [PMID: 36830140 PMCID: PMC9951988 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine E. coli shedding and the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR)- and ESBL-producing E. coli, as well as to determine risk factors associated with colonization of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from both healthy and diseased cats in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study, 2000 swabs were collected from five anatomical regions (anus, skin, ear canal, nares, and conjunctival sac) of 209 healthy and 191 diseased cats that were admitted to a veterinary clinic in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In addition, each cat owner filled out a questionnaire about their cat's demographics, management, health status, and antimicrobial usage. E. coli was detected in 165 (41.3%) of all cats, including 59 (28.2%) healthy and 106 (55.5%) diseased cats. In total, 170 E. coli isolates were found in healthy (35.3%) and diseased (64.7%) cats. Susceptibility testing revealed that 123 (72.4%) of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Overall, 17.6% (30/170) of E. coli isolates were MDR, with 10 (5.9%) and 20 (11.8%) isolates found in healthy and diseased cats, respectively. However, only 12 (7.1%) E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored the blaCTX-M gene (ESBL-producer), with seven (4.1%) in healthy and five (2.9%) in diseased cats. Risk factor analysis showed that the odds of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli were (20 and 17) and (six and eight) times higher when the family and cats were previously treated with antimicrobials, respectively. The presence of a child in the cat's family was also linked to an increased risk of MDR E. coli colonization (OR = 3.4). In conclusion, a high frequency of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli was detected among healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia, raising concerns about transmission to humans and supporting the need of a "One Health" approach to address the potential threats of cats as AMR reservoirs.
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Ortiz-Díez G, Mengíbar RL, Turrientes MC, Artigao MRB, Gallifa RL, Tello AM, Pérez CF, Santiago TA. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for acquisition and colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from dogs attended at a veterinary hospital in Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 92:101922. [PMID: 36509030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance rates in bacteria isolated from companion animals. Exposure of individuals to resistant bacteria from companion animals, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase- (CPE) producing Enterobacteriaceae, can be propitiated. Few studies evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in dogs. This work aims to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with colonization of ESBL-E and CPE-E in 44 canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains was analyzed and the molecular detection of resistant genes was performed. A prevalence of 25.0% and an incidence of ESBL-E of 45.5% were observed in dogs colonized by Enterobacteriaceae at hospital admission and release, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii were identified as ESBL-producing bacterial species. Resistance genes were detected for ESBL-producing strains. No CPE isolates were obtained on the CPE-selective medium. The administration of corticosteroids prior to hospitalization and the presence of concomitant diseases were associated with colonization by these bacteria in dogs. Considering that one-quarter of the patients evaluated were colonized by ESBL-E, companion animals should be considered as potential transmission vehicles and ESBL-E reservoirs for humans. Special care should be taken in animals attended at veterinary hospitals, as the length of stay in the hospital could increase the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ortiz-Díez
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruth Luque Mengíbar
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Carmen Turrientes
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal -IRYCIS-, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública -CIBERESP-, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Raúl López Gallifa
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina Fernández Pérez
- Fundación Instituto para la Mejora de la Asistencia Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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14
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Núñez-Samudio V, Pimentel-Peralta G, De La Cruz A, Landires I. Genetic Diversity and New Sequence Types of Escherichia coli Coharboring β-Lactamases and PMQR Genes Isolated from Domestic Dogs in Central Panama. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:73. [PMID: 36672813 PMCID: PMC9859144 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli are a widely distributed source of antimicrobial resistance for animals and humans. Little is known about the susceptibility profile and genetic characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from domestic dogs in Latin America. Methods: We report on a cross-sectional study that evaluated E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of domestic dogs in central Panama. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC genes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance were investigated. Molecular typing using Pasteur’s multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted. Results: A total of 40 E. coli isolates were obtained, of which 80% (32/40) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, while 20% (8/40) were sensitive to all antibiotics analyzed in this study (p < 0.001). Forty percent of the strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics. The most common resistance was to tetracycline (45%) and ampicillin (30%) while 2.5% showed an ESBL phenotype. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected for one β-lactamase (blaTEM-1) and two plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) enzymes (qnrS and qnrB). In addition, mutations in the chromosomal AmpC gene were observed at positions −35, −28, −18, −1, and +58. Fourteen different sequence types (STs) were identified; the most frequent were ST399 and ST425 (12% each). ST3 and ST88, which have been previously identified in human clinical isolates, were also evidenced. Three new STs were found for the first time: ST1015, ST1016 (carrier of the blaTEM-1 gene), and ST1017 (carrier of the blaTEM-1, qnrS, and qnrB genes). Conclusions: In the intestinal strains of E. coli isolated from domestic dogs, there was a high frequency of resistance to antibiotics. The presence of genes from plasmids and chromosomal mutations that conferred antibiotic resistance, the identification of isolates previously reported in humans, and the genetic diversity of STs (including three that were newly identified) confirmed the determinants of resistance to antibiotics in the domestic dogs from central Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Núñez-Samudio
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama
- Sección de Epidemiología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Región de Salud de Herrera, Ministry of Health, Chitré 0601, Herrera, Panama
| | - Gumercindo Pimentel-Peralta
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama
- Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero (CRUA), Universidad de Panamá, Chitré 0601, Herrera, Panama
| | - Alexis De La Cruz
- Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero (CRUA), Universidad de Panamá, Chitré 0601, Herrera, Panama
- Water Quality Laboratory, Ministry of Health, La Villa 0739, Los Santos, Panama
| | - Iván Landires
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama
- Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Región de Salud de Los Santos, Ministry of Health, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama
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15
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Swarthout JM, Chan EMG, Garcia D, Nadimpalli ML, Pickering AJ. Human Colonization with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Nonoccupational Exposure to Domesticated Animals in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14875-14890. [PMID: 35947446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data on community-acquired antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are particularly sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited surveillance and oversight of antibiotic use in food-producing animals, inadequate access to safe drinking water, and insufficient sanitation and hygiene infrastructure in LMICs could exacerbate the risk of zoonotic antibiotic resistance transmission. This critical review compiles evidence of zoonotic exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) or antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within households and backyard farms in LMICs, as well as assesses transmission mechanisms, risk factors, and environmental transmission pathways. Overall, substantial evidence exists for exchange of antibiotic resistance between domesticated animals and in-contact humans. Whole bacteria transmission and horizontal gene transfer between humans and animals were demonstrated within and between households and backyard farms. Further, we identified water, soil, and animal food products as environmental transmission pathways for exchange of ARB and ARGs between animals and humans, although directionality of transmission is poorly understood. Herein we propose study designs, methods, and topical considerations for priority incorporation into future One Health research to inform effective interventions and policies to disrupt zoonotic antibiotic resistance exchange in low-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Swarthout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Elana M G Chan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Denise Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Maya L Nadimpalli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Amy J Pickering
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
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16
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Johnson TJ, Armstrong JR, Johnston B, Merino‐Velasco I, Jamborova I, Singer RS, Johnson JR, Bender JB. Occurrence and potential transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing extraintestinal pathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in domestic dog faeces from Minnesota. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:888-895. [PMID: 35799333 PMCID: PMC9796152 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between humans and pets are increasingly valued in western countries, leading to more extensive contact between humans and their pets within households. Although the magnitude of the risk of transfer of Escherichia coli between humans and their companion animals is undefined, that such transmission occurs has been established and warrants attention. This study examined 186 fresh faecal samples from companion dogs visiting 22 municipal dog parks in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA. Samples were processed to isolate 3rd-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, which were further characterized using PCR-based virulence genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and whole-genome sequencing. Of the 186 faecal samples, 29% yielded cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, and 2.2% yielded extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Co-resistance to sulfonamides was typical (77.3% of isolates), and multidrug resistance (i.e. to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), including to combinations of tetracyclines, phenicols, quinolones and aminoglycosides, was substantial (18.9% of isolates). Identified beta-lactamase genes included blaCMY-2 , blaTEM-1B , blaTEM-1 , blaCTX-M-24 , blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1 . Genome sequencing of 14 isolates identified genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli or enteropathogenic E. coli. In three instances, closely related isolates were recovered from different dogs, within either the same park-suggesting transfer of E. coli between dogs within the park-or different parks-suggesting that dogs may be pre-disposed to carry certain E. coli types, such as those from serogroups O4, O71 and O157. This study adds to the existing evidence that companion dogs can harbour and share antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with presumed intestinal or extraintestinal pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Joseph R. Armstrong
- Center for Agriculture, Food, and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Minnesota ExtensionSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brian Johnston
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Ivana Jamborova
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Randall S. Singer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - James R. Johnson
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jeff B. Bender
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Olofinsae SA, Adeleke OE, Ibeh BO. Occurrence of Pseudomonas lactis and Pseudomonas paralactis Amongst Non-Lactose-Fermenting Bacterial Isolates in Chickens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221130313. [PMID: 36329710 PMCID: PMC9623376 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221130313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious concern of public-health proportion is rising from the carriage of antibiotic resistance determinant in Non-Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria and acquisition of virulence particularly in strains that are not routinely isolated or screened from common food animals. This study investigated the resistance profile and pathogenicity potential of selected Non-Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria isolated from 18 poultry farms. In total, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 25 Pseudomonas lactis and 71 Pseudomonas paralactis isolated from chicken faeces by testing them against 12 antibiotics. Resistance genes borne by the selected isolates were screened by sequencing the genetic location of resistance determinants was determined by plasmid curing. The virulence potential of the studied strains was determined phenotypically. Pseudomonas lactis isolates were mostly resistant to azetronam (93%), followed by trimethoprim (90%), cefotaxime (86%) and then amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (57%), while Pseudomonas paralactis. isolates were most resistant to azetronam (94%), trimethoprim (90%), cefepime (80%), piperacillin (75%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index of Pseudomonas lactis and Pseudomonas paralactis isolates respectively ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.9. Polymerase Chain Reaction revealed the presence of antibiotic resistance factors such as blaCTX-M, qnrS, aac (6')-lb-cr and blaSHV while plasmid curing revealed carriages of resistance determinants on Resistance Plasmid. Moreover, virulence enzymes such as alkaline protease and phospholipase C were found in 3% and 12% of Pseudomonas paralactis and Pseudomonas lactis, respectively. This study reports the first occurrence of Pseudomonas lactis and Pseudomonas paralactis strains from chicken faeces, and their antimicrobial resistance and relative virulence suggest the encroachment of food animals by the under-studied non-lactose-fermenting bacteria that should alert public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson A Olofinsae
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria,Samson A Olofinsae, Department of
Pharmaceutical, Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Oyo State 200005, Nigeria.
| | - Olufemi E Adeleke
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew O Ibeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
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18
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Naziri Z, Derakhshandeh A, Zare S, Akbarzadeh Niaki M, Motamedi Boroojeni A, Eraghi V, Shirmohamadi Sosfad A. Identification of faecal Escherichia coli isolates with similar patterns of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs and their owners. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:126-131. [PMID: 36224703 PMCID: PMC9857131 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli allows them to survive and cause infections. The close contact between humans and pets can reinforce the risk of transmitting resistant and virulent bacteria between them. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the patterns of the presence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, as well as important virulence genes in E. coli isolated from faeces of healthy dogs and their owners. METHODS Polymerase chain reactions were performed for detection of antimicrobial resistance (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, strA and strB) and virulence (fimH, iss, sitA and malX) genes in 144 faecal E. coli isolates from 28 dog-owner pairs and 16 humans who did not keep any pets as controls. RESULTS Among the investigated antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, tetA (52.1%) and fimH (86.8%) genes had the highest prevalence. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in isolates of dogs and their owners. In total, 46.4% of dog-owner pairs had the same patterns of presence or absence of six antimicrobial resistance genes, 50.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of four virulence genes and 25.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of all 10 tested genes. CONCLUSION The presence of antimicrobial-resistant virulent E. coli in humans and pets may predispose them to infections that are hard to cure with conventional antibiotics. Notable frequency of dogs' and their owners' E. coli isolates with similar patterns of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes may indicate the possibility of sharing virulent antimicrobial resistant E. coli between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Naziri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | | | - Sahar Zare
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | | | | | - Vida Eraghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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Cozma AP, Rimbu CM, Zendri F, Maciuca IE, Timofte D. Clonal Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales between Dogs and Humans in Households and Animal Shelters of Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091242. [PMID: 36140020 PMCID: PMC9495119 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Enterobacterales in healthy pets is a concerning issue. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genetic background, and potential for interspecies transmission of these bacteria between dogs and humans within the same household (HH) or shelter environment in Romania. Faecal samples (n = 263) collected from healthy dogs (n = 102), their owners (n = 32), as well as dogs (n = 110) and staff (n = 19) from dog shelters, were screened for ESC-R carriage. Clonal relatedness of canine and human Escherichia coli isolates was established using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by Illumina WGS of selected isolates. The highest prevalence of ESC-R Enterobacterales faecal carriage was identified in staff working at dog shelters (78.9%), followed by dogs from households (44.11%), dog owners (43.7%), and dogs from shelters (27%). FTIR identified 15 clusters of closely related E. coli isolates, including dog and human isolates from the same environment. Co-carriage of ESC-R isolates in both the dog and owner was identified in 12 HHs (37.5%), with two HHs (6%) having both the owner and dog carrying isolates with identical FTIR spectra, phylogroup, resistance genes, and Inc plasmids. Major ExPEC lineages such as ST127, ST10, ST155, and ST88 were detected in human and dog isolates. Our study revealed a high prevalence of faecal ESC-R E. coli carriage in both dogs and humans from Romanian households and shelters, where bidirectional clonal transmission between humans and dogs is likely. Furthermore, we identified ESC-R Enterobacterales co-carriage in people and dogs sharing the same environment using FTIR, demonstrating its value in AMR surveillance for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Paula Cozma
- Department of Exact Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rimbu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Flavia Zendri
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Iuliana Elena Maciuca
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- Correspondence:
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20
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Serhan M, Hadid M, Dimassi H, Deghel M, Hassan HF. Microbiological safety of commercial canned and dry pet food products in Lebanon. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:995184. [PMID: 36187806 PMCID: PMC9524538 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.995184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the microbiological quality of pet food is essential in providing healthy and safe foods to pets. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological safety of pet food marketed in Lebanon, namely cat and dog products. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in Lebanon nor the Middle East region with reference to pet food quality. Lebanese market was screened and a total of 165 dry and canned pet food products were identified, collected and analyzed for their load of total aerobic microbial count, Enterobacteriaceae species, yeasts and molds, and for the presence of Salmonella and Listeria species. Dry pet food products had higher contamination level compared to canned ones. In terms of non-conformity to the European commission regulations, out of the 165 brands, 11 (7%) had a total aerobic microbial count above 106 cfu/g, and 27 (16%) exceeded 3 × 102 cfu/g as a maximum limit of presumptive Enterobacteriaceae. Among the dry brands, 8 out of 66 (12%) had a contamination level of yeasts and molds above 104 cfu/g. Presumptive Salmonella spp. was detected in 68 (41%) and presumptive Listeria spp. in 106 (64%) of brands. These alarming results necessitates setting and monitoring microbiological standards for pet food in Lebanon. This study contributes as well to the building of a database for knowledge development regarding the potential contamination of pet food by the abovementioned microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Professional Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies (TEMPUS) Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Michella Hadid
- Professional Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies (TEMPUS) Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Maria Deghel
- Professional Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies (TEMPUS) Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hussein F. Hassan
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Hussein F. Hassan
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21
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Naziri Z, Poormaleknia M, Ghaedi Oliyaei A. Risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between dogs and their owners. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:203. [PMID: 35624502 PMCID: PMC9137046 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The indiscriminate use and the similarity of prescribed antibiotics especially beta-lactams in human and small animal medicine, along with the close communication between pets and humans, increases the risk of the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements especially integrons, between them. Therefore, we aimed to compare the frequencies of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, major ESBL genes, classes 1 and 2 integrons, and antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from dogs and their owners. Methods The present study was conducted on 144 commensal E. coli isolates from the feces of 28 healthy dog-owner pairs and 16 healthy humans who did not own pets. Phenotypic confirmatory test was used to identify the frequencies of ESBL-producing E. coli. Frequencies of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes, and also classes 1 and 2 integrons were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Resistance against 16 conventional antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion technique. Results ESBL-production status was similar between the E. coli isolates of 71.4% of dog-owner pairs. The E. coli isolates of 75, 60.7, and 85.7% of dog-owner pairs were similar in terms of the presence or absence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes, respectively. The presence or absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons was the same in E. coli isolates of 57.1% of dog-owner pairs. Prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline was significantly higher in E. coli isolates of dogs than owners, but for other 10 (83.3%) tested antibiotics, no statistically significant difference was found in prevalence of antibiotic resistance between dogs and owners isolates. Furthermore, the antibiotic-resistance profile was the same in the E. coli isolates of 14.3% of dog-owner pairs. Conclusions The results of current research highlight the seriousness of the drug-resistance problem and the need to prevent further increases and spread of antibiotic-resistance to reduce treatment failure. Moreover, relatively similar characteristics of the E. coli isolates of dogs and their owners can show the risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Naziri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Meisam Poormaleknia
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Ghaedi Oliyaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07311. [PMID: 35582363 PMCID: PMC9087955 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR E. coli can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–66% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–33% and 10–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–66% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR E. coli according to Article 8 criteria include mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.
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23
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Ramos CP, Kamei CYI, Viegas FM, de Melo Barbieri J, Cunha JLR, Hounmanou YMG, Coura FM, Santana JA, Lobato FCF, Bojesen AM, Silva ROS. Fecal Shedding of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates in Dogs Fed with Raw Meat-Based Diets in Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040534. [PMID: 35453285 PMCID: PMC9029118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of feeding dogs raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) is growing in several countries, and the risks associated with the ingestion of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in dogs fed these diets are largely unknown. We characterized E. coli strains isolated from dogs fed either an RMBD or a conventional dry feed, according to the phylogroup, virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the bacteria. Two hundred and sixteen E. coli strains were isolated. Dogs fed RMBDs shed E. coli strains from the phylogroup E more frequently and were positive for the E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1-encoding gene. Isolates from RMBD-fed dogs were also frequently positive for multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Whole-genome sequencing of seven ESBL-producing E. coli strains revealed that they predominantly harbored blaCTX-M-55, and two strains were also positive for the colistin-resistant gene mcr-1. These results suggest that feeding an RMBD can affect the dog’s microbiota, change the frequency of certain phylogroups, and increase the shedding of diarrheagenic E. coli. Also, feeding an RMBD seemed to be linked with the fecal shedding of multidrug-resistant E. coli, including the spread of strains harboring mobilizable colistin resistance and ESBL genes. This finding is of concern for both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pantuzza Ramos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - Carolina Yumi Iceri Kamei
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - Flávia Mello Viegas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - Jonata de Melo Barbieri
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - João Luís Reis Cunha
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - Yaovi Mahuton Gildas Hounmanou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.M.G.H.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Fernanda Morcatti Coura
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG), Bambuí 38900-000, Brazil;
| | - Jordana Almeida Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.M.G.H.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil; (C.P.R.); (C.Y.I.K.); (F.M.V.); (J.d.M.B.); (J.L.R.C.); (J.A.S.); (F.C.F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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The Bacterial Urban Resistome: Recent Advances. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040512. [PMID: 35453263 PMCID: PMC9030810 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities that are densely populated are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) within urban environments. Built environments, public transportation, green spaces, and citizens’ behaviors all support persistence and transfer of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). Various unique aspects of urban settings that promote spread and resilience of ARGs/ARB are discussed: (i) the role of hospitals and recreational parks as reservoirs; (ii) private and public transportation as carriers of ARGs/ARB; (iii) the role of built environments as a hub for horizontal gene transfer even though they support lower microbial biodiversity than outdoor environments; (iv) the need to employ ecological and evolutionary concepts, such as modeling the fate of a specific ARG/ARB, to gain enhanced health risk assessments. Our understanding and our ability to control the rise of AMR in an urban setting is linked to our knowledge of the network connecting urban reservoirs and the environment.
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Algammal AM, El-Tarabili RM, Alfifi KJ, Al-Otaibi AS, Hashem MEA, El-Maghraby MM, Mahmoud AE. Virulence determinant and antimicrobial resistance traits of Emerging MDR Shiga toxigenic E. coli in diarrheic dogs. AMB Express 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35298727 PMCID: PMC8931135 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is incriminated in severe hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, which is considered a veterinary and public health alarm. To investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence determinants, and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC strains isolated from dogs: 80 fecal samples were obtained from diseased dogs suffering from hemorrhagic diarrhea from pet animal clinics in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. The obtained samples were examined bacteriologically. Moreover, the retrieved isolates were tested for serogrouping, Congo-red binding, antimicrobial resistance, and PCR-based determination of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of E. coli in the examined diseased dogs was 23.75% (19/80). The serogrouping of the recovered isolates revealed that 84.2% of the tested isolates were distributed into three serogroups: O146 (36.8%), O111 (31.5%), and O26 (15.7%). Meanwhile, three isolates were untypable (15.8%). Moreover, all the tested E. coli serovars were positive for CR-binding. PCR revealed that the prevalence of stx1, eaeA, hlyA, and stx2 virulence genes was 100%, 100%, 100%, and 47.3%, respectively. Our findings revealed that 31.5% of the recovered isolates showed MDR to five antimicrobial classes and harbored blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three isolates were carbapenem-resistant. Two strains harbored the blaKPC gene, while one strain carried the blaNDM-1 gene. Concisely, as far as we know, this is the first study that reported the existence of MDR-STEC in dogs in Egypt. The stx1 gene is the most predominant Shiga toxin gene that accompanied the STEC isolated from hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. The emerging MDR-STEC in dogs commonly harbors blaTEM, blaCTX-M, sul1, tetA, tetB, and qnrA resistance genes. Meropenem, levofloxacin, and tigecycline exhibited talented antimicrobial activity against MDR-STEC isolated from dogs.
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Liu FL, Kuan NL, Yeh KS. Presence of the Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Encoding Genes in Escherichia coli from Companion Animals-A Study from a University-Based Veterinary Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121536. [PMID: 34943748 PMCID: PMC8698527 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase are two enzymes commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae that confer resistance to major antibiotics, such as third-generation cephalosporins that are widely prescribed for both human and animals. We screened for Escherichia coli producing ESBL and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) from dogs and cats brought to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan from 29 June 2020, to 31 December 2020. The genotypes and phylogenetic relatedness of these E. coli were also analyzed. Fifty samples of E. coli obtained from 249 bacterial isolates were included in this study. Among them, eight isolates had ESBL, seven had pAmpC, and one had both. Thirty-two percent (16/50) of E. coli isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The detected ESBL genes included the blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups, and the blaCMY-2 group was the only gene type found in pAmpC. ESBL-producing E. coli belonged to the pathogenic phylogroup B2, and the sequence types (STs) were ST131 and ST1193. Three isolates were determined to be ST131-O25b, a highly virulent epidemic clone. The pAmpC-producing E. coli were distributed in multiple phylogroups, primarily the commensal phylogroup B1. The STs of the pAmpC-producing E. coli included ST155, ST315, ST617, ST457, ST767, ST372, and ST93; all of these have been reported in humans and animals. Imipenem was active against all the ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli; however, since in humans it is a last-resort antimicrobial, its use in companion animals should be restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Liu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
| | - Nan-Ling Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
- Biology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33661289
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Kristianingtyas L, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Wardhana DK, Ugbo EN. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics, Surabaya, Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.232-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The practice of keeping animals as pets is becoming increasingly common. The upsurge of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms of animal origin is a health threat globally. This study aimed to identify the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A total of 85 rectal swab samples were collected from companion dogs at five animal clinics in different regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. The presence of E. coli was identified from the samples using standard methods, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing. The resistant isolates were examined for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test method. The phenotypically identified ESBL-producing E. coli was further confirmed with an automated system using Vitek-2.
Results: The rectal swab samples (n=85) tested were 100% positive for E. coli isolates. Eight (9.41%) out of the 85 E. coli obtained from rectal swabs were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. All eight ESBL-producing E. coli were identified by automated Vitek-2 confirmatory tests.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into the prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms isolated from companion dogs in Indonesia. This work indicates the need for the general public to be more aware of the role of companion animals in disseminating pathogenic organisms, since they serve as potential reservoirs in the spread of antibiotic resistance affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luviana Kristianingtyas
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Postgraduate Student on Veterinary Public Health Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Carvalho I, Cunha R, Martins C, Martínez-Álvarez S, Safia Chenouf N, Pimenta P, Pereira AR, Ramos S, Sadi M, Martins Â, Façanha J, Rabbi F, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, de Lurdes Nunes Enes Dapkevicius M, Igrejas G, Torres C, Poeta P. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Diversity of Clones among Faecal ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy and Sick Dogs Living in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10081013. [PMID: 34439063 PMCID: PMC8388948 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10081013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL and acquired-AmpC (qAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and sick dogs in Portugal. Three hundred and sixty-one faecal samples from sick and healthy dogs were seeded on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 µg/mL) for cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli recovery. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 15 antibiotics was performed and the ESBL-phenotype of the E. coli isolates was screened. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and molecular typing of the isolates (phylogroups, multilocus-sequence-typing, and specific-ST131) were performed by PCR (and sequencing when required). CTXRE. coli isolates were obtained in 51/361 faecal samples analysed (14.1%), originating from 36/234 sick dogs and 15/127 healthy dogs. Forty-seven ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were recovered from 32 sick (13.7%) and 15 healthy animals (11.8%). Different variants of blaCTX-M genes were detected among 45/47 ESBL-producers: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 26), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 10), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 2), and blaCTX-M-variant (n = 1); one ESBL-positive isolate co-produced CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 enzymes. Moreover, two additional CTXR ESBL-negative E. coli isolates were CMY-2-producers (qAmpC). Ten different sequence types were identified (ST/phylogenetic-group/β-lactamase): ST131/B2/CTX-M-15, ST617/A/CTX-M-55, ST3078/B1/CTX-M-32, ST542/A/CTX-M-14, ST57/D/CTX-M-1, ST12/B2/CTX-M-15, ST6448/B1/CTX-M-15 + CMY-2, ST5766/A/CTX-M-32, ST115/D/CMY-2 and a new-ST/D/CMY-2. Five variants of CTX-M enzymes (CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-1 predominant) and eight different clonal complexes were detected from canine ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Although at a lower rate, CMY-2 β-lactamase was also found. Dogs remain frequent carriers of ESBL and/or qAmpC-producing E. coli with a potential zoonotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carvalho
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (N.S.C.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Rita Cunha
- Hospital Veterinário Cascais da Onevet, 2775-352 Parede, Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Carla Martins
- Clínica Veterinária do Vouga, 3740-253 Sever do Vouga, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Martínez-Álvarez
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (N.S.C.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Nadia Safia Chenouf
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (N.S.C.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valuation of the Steppe Ecosystem, University of Djelfa, Djelfa 17000, Algeria
| | - Paulo Pimenta
- Hospital Veterinário de Trás-os-Montes, 5000-056 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira
- Centro Veterinário de Macedo de Cavaleiros, 5340-202 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Sónia Ramos
- VetRedondo, Consultório Veterinário de Monte Redondo Unipessoal Lda, Monte Redondo, 2425-618 Leiria, Portugal;
| | - Madjid Sadi
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (N.S.C.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Related to Animals Reproduction, Université Saad Dahlab de Blida, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Ângela Martins
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Façanha
- Centro Veterinário Jorge Façanha, 5140-060 Carrazeda de Ansiães, Portugal;
| | - Fazle Rabbi
- Australian Computer Society, Docklands, Melbourne, VIC 3008, Australia;
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Maria de Lurdes Nunes Enes Dapkevicius
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal;
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (N.S.C.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-25935-0466; Fax: +351-25935-0629
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Hackmann C, Gastmeier P, Schwarz S, Lübke-Becker A, Bischoff P, Leistner R. Pet husbandry as a risk factor for colonization or infection with MDR organisms: a systematic meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1392-1405. [PMID: 33864082 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR organisms (MDROs) pose a relevant risk for patients in modern healthcare. Although ownership of pet animals is common and owners and pets commonly live in close contact, it is still unclear whether pet ownership may be considered as a risk factor for MDRO acquisition prior to hospitalization. METHODS We performed three separate meta-analyses in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, assessing contact to pets as a risk factor for acquisition of MRSA, VRE and MDR Gram-negatives [namely third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCRE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)]. RESULTS We calculated an increased risk of MRSA carriage for dog owners [risk ratio (RR) 2.28, 95% CI 1.47-3.56]. Meta-analysis did not show a significantly higher risk for 3GCRE colonization among owners of different pet species compared with non-pet owners (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.83-1.68 for pet owners in general, RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.56-1.40 for dog owners, RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.58-2.34 for cat owners, RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.43-4.18 for rodent owners, RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.38-2.18 for bird owners, and RR 2.34, 95% CI 0.33-16.63 for lizard/frog owners). For VRE, there were insufficient data to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest contact to pet animals is a risk factor for MRSA, but not for 3GCRE/CRE acquisition. Evaluation of the underlying literature suggested a possible role of pet animals as: (i) vectors for the transmission of MDROs between livestock and humans; as well as (ii) a reservoir for MDROs. Pets, therefore, may promote transmission and reinfection of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hackmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bischoff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rasmus Leistner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Unitversität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Karahutová L, Mandelík R, Bujňáková D. Antibiotic Resistant and Biofilm-Associated Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic and Healthy Dogs. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061334. [PMID: 34205399 PMCID: PMC8234098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria isolated from companion animals are attracting concerns in a view of public health including antimicrobial resistance and biofilm development, both contributing to difficult-to-treat infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 18 antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from two groups of dogs (healthy and diarrheic). Isolates were classified into phylogroups, examined for the presence of resistance genes and biofilm-formation capacity. In healthy dogs, phylogenetic analysis showed that 47.37% and 34.22% of E. coli isolates belonged to commensal groups (A; B1) in contrast to diarrheic dogs; 42.2% of isolates were identified as the B2 phylogroup, and these E. coli bacteria formed a stronger biofilm. The results of healthy dogs showed higher MIC levels for tetracycline (32 mg/L), ampicillin (64 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (8 mg/L) and trimethoprim-sulphonamide (8 mg/L) compared to clinical breakpoints. The most detected gene encoding plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in the healthy group was qnrB, and in dogs with diarrhea, qnrS. The resistance genes were more frequently detected in healthy dogs. The presence of the integron int1 and the transposon tn3 increases the possibility of transfer of many different cassette-associated antibiotic-resistance genes. These results suggest that dogs could be a potential reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Karahutová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - René Mandelík
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Dobroslava Bujňáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-727-62-76
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31
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van den Bunt G, Fluit AC, Spaninks MP, Timmerman AJ, Geurts Y, Kant A, Scharringa J, Mevius D, Wagenaar JA, Bonten MJM, van Pelt W, Hordijk J. Faecal carriage, risk factors, acquisition and persistence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs and cats and co-carriage with humans belonging to the same household. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:342-350. [PMID: 31711228 PMCID: PMC6966097 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are observed in many reservoirs. Pets might play an important role in the dissemination of ESBL-E to humans since they live closely together. Objectives To identify prevalence, risk factors, molecular characteristics, persistence and acquisition of ESBL-E in dogs and cats, and co-carriage in human–pet pairs belonging to the same household. Methods In a nationwide study, one person per household was randomly invited to complete a questionnaire and to submit a faecal sample. Dog and cat owners were invited to also submit a faecal sample from their pet. Repeated sampling after 1 and 6 months was performed in a subset. ESBL-E were obtained through selective culture and characterized by WGS. Logistic regression analyses and random forest models were performed to identify risk factors. Results The prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in these cohorts was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.7%–5.4%) for human participants (n=550), 10.7% (95% CI: 8.3%–13.7%) for dogs (n=555) and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5%–3.8%) for cats (n=285). Among animals, blaCTX-M-1 was most abundant, followed by blaCTX-M-15. In dogs, persistence of carriage was 57.1% at 1 month and 42.9% at 6 months. Eating raw meat [OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 4.7–16.4; population attributable risk (PAR): 46.5%, 95% CI: 41.3%–49.3%] and dry food (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5; PAR: 56.5%, 95% CI: 33.2%–66.6%) were predictors for ESBL-E carriage in dogs. Human–dog co-carriage was demonstrated in five households. Human–cat co-carriage was not observed. Conclusions ESBL-E prevalence was higher in dogs than in humans and lowest in cats. The main risk factor for ESBL-E carriage was eating raw meat. Co-carriage in dogs and household members was uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van den Bunt
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A C Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Spaninks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A J Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Geurts
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - A Kant
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J Scharringa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M J M Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Salgado-Caxito M, Benavides JA, Adell AD, Paes AC, Moreno-Switt AI. Global prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli in dogs and cats - A scoping review and meta-analysis. One Health 2021; 12:100236. [PMID: 33889706 PMCID: PMC8050393 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to human and animal health. Part of the AMR dimension is the circulation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), which is now commonly reported among companion animals. However, the global perspective of the prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli circulating in dogs and cats has not been estimated limiting our understanding of their role in the dissemination of ESBL-E. coli. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs and cats and across countries through meta-analysis. We also performed a scoping review to summarize the current knowledge on ESBL genes and E. coli clones circulating among companion animals. A total of 128 studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2020 were selected and contained information on prevalence and/or molecular characterization of ESBL genes and ESBL-E. coli clones. Our review shows an increase in the number of publications between 2000 and 2019, concentrated mainly in Europe. Prevalence varied across continents, ranging from 0.63% (Oceania) to 16.56% (Africa) in dogs and from 0% (Oceania) to 16.82% (Asia) in cats. Although there were twice as many studies reporting prevalence on dogs (n = 61) than on cats (n = 32), and only 9 studies focused exclusively on cats, our meta-analysis showed no difference in the global prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs (6.87% [95% CI: 4.46-10.45%]) and cats (5.04% [95% CI: 2.42-10.22%]). A considerable diversity of ESBL genes (n = 60) and sequence types (ST) (n = 171) were recovered from companion animals. ESBL-E. coli encoded by CTX-M-15 (67.5%, 77/114) and SHV-12 (21.9%, 25/114), along with resistant strains of ST38 (22.7%, 15/66) and ST131 (50%, 33/66) were widespread and detected in all continents. While presence of ESBL-E. coli is widespread, the drivers influencing the observed ESBL-E. coli prevalence and the clinical relevance in veterinary medicine and public health along with economic impact of ESBL-E. coli infections among companion animals need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Carrying CTX-M Genes Circulating among Livestock, Dogs, and Wild Mammals in Small-Scale Farms of Central Chile. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050510. [PMID: 33946277 PMCID: PMC8145412 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria of critical importance for global health such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing (ESBL)-Escherichia coli have been detected in livestock, dogs, and wildlife worldwide. However, the dynamics of ESBL-E. coli between these animals remains poorly understood, particularly in small-scale farms of low and middle-income countries where contact between species can be frequent. We compared the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli among 332 livestock (207 cows, 15 pigs, 60 horses, 40 sheep, 6 goats, 4 chickens), 82 dogs, and wildlife including 131 European rabbits, 30 rodents, and 12 Andean foxes sharing territory in peri-urban localities of central Chile. The prevalence was lower in livestock (3.0%) and wildlife (0.5%) compared to dogs (24%). Among 47 ESBL-E. coli isolates recovered, CTX-M-group 1 was the main ESBL genotype identified, followed by CTX-M-groups 2, 9, 8, and 25. ERIC-PCR showed no cluster of E. coli clones by either host species nor locality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ESBL-E. coli among sheep, cattle, dogs, and rodents of Chile, confirming their fecal carriage among domestic and wild animals in small-scale farms. The high prevalence of ESBL-E. coli in dogs encourages further investigation on their role as potential reservoirs of this bacteria in agricultural settings.
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Bhat AH. Bacterial zoonoses transmitted by household pets and as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104891. [PMID: 33878397 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous individuals are committed to growing pet creatures like cats, dogs, and rats etc., pay care for them and as a result of this, there's a boost of their populace in advanced culture. The close interaction between family pets and individuals offers ideal conditions for bacterial transmission. Distinctive sorts of antimicrobial agents are exploited for animal husbandry and studies have revealed that many bacteria have attained confrontation against them viz., Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi etc. and a few of these are a prospective for zoonotic transmission. In the current review, the attention has been paid on how household pets, especially dogs disperse the antimicrobial resistance in contrast to that of food animals. A lot of evidences are accessible on food animals and nation-wide scrutiny programmes solely hub on food animals; therefore, for steerage antimicrobial use policy in small animal veterinary exercise as well as for gauging the chance of transmission of antimicrobial resistance to humans' statistics on pet animals are sincerely needed. Transmission of such organisms, especially pathogenic staphylococci, occurs between pets, owners, and veterinary staff, and pets can act as reservoirs of such bacteria; this may additionally have an impact on the use of antimicrobials in human medicine. There is a need to generate statistics concerning each the levels of carriage of such microorganism in pets and the risk factors associated with the switch of the microorganism to human beings who have contact with infected pets, as nicely as to improve hygiene measures in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Billawar, 184204, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and ExPEC Virulence Potential in Commensal Escherichia coli of Multiple Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040351. [PMID: 33810387 PMCID: PMC8067153 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently described the genetic antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of a collection of 279 commensal E. coli of food-producing animal (FPA), pet, wildlife and human origin. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the role of commensal E. coli as reservoir of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) virulence-associated genes (VAGs) or as potential ExPEC pathogens were evaluated. The most common phenotypic resistance was to tetracycline (76/279, 27.24%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73/279, 26.16%), streptomycin and sulfisoxazole (71/279, 25.45% both) among the overall collection. Poultry and rabbit were the sources mostly associated to AMR, with a significant resistance rate (p > 0.01) to quinolones, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracycline and, only for poultry, to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Finally, rabbit was the source mostly associated to colistin resistance. Different pandemic (ST69/69*, ST95, ST131) and emerging (ST10/ST10*, ST23, ST58, ST117, ST405, ST648) ExPEC sequence types (STs) were identified among the collection, especially in poultry source. Both ST groups carried high number of ExPEC VAGs (pandemic ExPEC STs, mean = 8.92; emerging ExPEC STs, mean = 6.43) and showed phenotypic resistance to different antimicrobials (pandemic ExPEC STs, mean = 2.23; emerging ExPEC STs, mean = 2.43), suggesting their role as potential ExPEC pathogens. Variable phenotypic resistance and ExPEC VAG distribution was also observed in uncommon ExPEC lineages, suggesting commensal flora as a potential reservoir of virulence (mean = 3.80) and antimicrobial resistance (mean = 1.69) determinants.
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Salgado-Caxito M, Benavides JA, Munita JM, Rivas L, García P, Listoni FJP, Moreno-Switt AI, Paes AC. Risk factors associated with faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli among dogs in Southeast Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2021; 190:105316. [PMID: 33725561 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R E. coli) in dogs has been reported worldwide and can reduce the effectiveness of treatments against bacterial infections. However, the drivers that influence faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli in dogs are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of ESC-R E. coli among dogs prior to their admission to a veterinary teaching hospital and to identify risk factors associated with the faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli. Rectal swabs (n = 130) were collected from dogs and screened for ESC-R E. coli using MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/mL). E. coli species was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and screening of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes was conducted by multiplex PCR. Questionnaires were completed by each dog's owner to test several human and dog characteristics associated with ESC-R E. coli. The prevalence of faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli was 9.2 % and 67 % of ESC-R E. coli isolates harboured ESBL genes including CTX-M alone or in combination with TEM. All ESC-R E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, and cefotaxime and were susceptible to cefoxitin and carbapenems. The likelihood of carrying ESC-R E. coli was 15 times higher (OR = 14.41 [95 % CI: 1.80-38.02], p < 0.01) if the dog was treated with antibiotics 3-12 months prior to sampling and 8 times higher (OR = 7.96 [95 % CI: 2.96-92.07], p < 0.01) if the dog had direct contact with livestock, but 15 times lower (OR = 0.07 [95 % CI: 0.01-0.32], p < 0.01) if the dog was dewormed during the previous year. Our findings confirm the faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli in subclinical dogs and call for further investigation regarding the impact of deworming on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Julio A Benavides
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Munita
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile; Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Rivas
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile; Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando J P Listoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Andrea I Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio C Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Salgado-Caxito M, Moreno-Switt AI, Paes AC, Shiva C, Munita JM, Rivas L, Benavides JA. Higher Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales in Dogs Attended for Enteric Viruses in Brazil Before and After Treatment with Cephalosporins. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020122. [PMID: 33525466 PMCID: PMC7912125 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics is a leading cause for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among dogs. However, the impact of using antibiotics to treat viral infections on AMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) between dogs with a suspected infection of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) before and after treatment with third-generation cephalosporins. We found a higher prevalence of ESCR-E faecal carriage in dogs suspected of CPV (37%) and CDV (15%) compared to dogs with noninfectious pathologies (9%) even prior to the start of their treatment. A 7-day course of ceftriaxone or ceftiofur administrated to CPV and CDV-suspected dogs substantially increased their ESCR-E faecal carriage during treatment (85% for CPV and 57% for CDV), and 4 weeks after the treatment ended (89% for CPV and 60% for CDV) when dogs were back in their households. Most of the observed resistance was carried by ESCR-E. coli carrying blaCTX-M genes. Our results suggest the need to optimize prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs treated for a suspected viral infection to prevent ESCR-E emergence and spread in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618000, Brazil;
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile; (A.I.M.-S.); (J.M.M.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.-C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile; (A.I.M.-S.); (J.M.M.); (L.R.)
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618000, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Shiva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Cayetano Heredia of Peru, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Jose M. Munita
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile; (A.I.M.-S.); (J.M.M.); (L.R.)
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Lina Rivas
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile; (A.I.M.-S.); (J.M.M.); (L.R.)
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago 7550000, Chile; (A.I.M.-S.); (J.M.M.); (L.R.)
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.S.-C.); (J.A.B.)
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Gwenzi W, Chaukura N, Muisa-Zikali N, Teta C, Musvuugwa T, Rzymski P, Abia ALK. Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010068. [PMID: 33445633 PMCID: PMC7826649 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in insects, rodents, and pets. Insects (e.g., houseflies, cockroaches), rodents (rats, mice), and pets (dogs, cats) act as reservoirs of AMR for first-line and last-resort antimicrobial agents. AMR proliferates in insects, rodents, and pets, and their skin and gut systems. Subsequently, insects, rodents, and pets act as vectors that disseminate AMR to humans via direct contact, human food contamination, and horizontal gene transfer. Thus, insects, rodents, and pets might act as sentinels or bioindicators of AMR. Human health risks are discussed, including those unique to low-income countries. Current evidence on human health risks is largely inferential and based on qualitative data, but comprehensive statistics based on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) are still lacking. Hence, tracing human health risks of AMR to insects, rodents, and pets, remains a challenge. To safeguard human health, mitigation measures are proposed, based on the one-health approach. Future research should include human health risk analysis using QMRA, and the application of in-silico techniques, genomics, network analysis, and ’big data’ analytical tools to understand the role of household insects, rodents, and pets in the persistence, circulation, and health risks of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mount. Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe
- Correspondence: or (W.G.); or (A.L.K.A.)
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley 8300, South Africa;
| | - Norah Muisa-Zikali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag, Chinhoyi 7724, Zimbabwe; or
| | - Charles Teta
- Future Water Institute, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Tendai Musvuugwa
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley 8300, South Africa;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Correspondence: or (W.G.); or (A.L.K.A.)
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Sfaciotte RAP, Parussolo L, Melo FD, Wildemann P, Bordignon G, Israel ND, Leitzke M, Wosiacki SR, Salbego FZ, da Costa UM, Ferraz SM. Identification and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria from Healthy and Diseased Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Hospital in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:855-864. [PMID: 33185513 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the main extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and to detect the frequency of the major genes responsible to trigger this resistance in hospitalized animals. We collected 106 rectal swabs from cats (n = 25) and dogs (n = 81) to detect ESBL-producing isolates. ESBL-positive samples were submitted to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes from different groups. We observed that 44.34% of these samples (11 cats and 36 dogs) were positive for ESBL-producing bacteria. Thirteen animals (27.66%-seven cats and six dogs) were hospitalized for elective castration (healthy animals). Only a single animal was positive for ESBL-producing bacteria at hospital admission (the animal also showed an ESBL-positive isolate after leaving the hospital), whereas 11 were positive only at the hospital discharge. Of the 73 ESBL-producing isolates, 13 were isolated from cats (8 sick and 7 healthy) and 60 from dogs (53 sick and 7 healthy). Escherichia coli was the major ESBL-producing bacterium isolated (53.42%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.07%), Salmonella sp., and Proteus mirabilis (5.48% each one). Antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-producing isolates showed that 67 isolates (91.78%) were resistant to 3 or more antibiotic classes, while 13 of them (17.81%-2 healthy cats and 11 sick dogs) were resistant to all tested antimicrobial classes. The blaTEM gene exhibited the highest frequency in ESBL-producing isolates, followed by the blaCTX-M group 8/25, blaCTX-M group 1 and blaCTX-M group 9 genes. These results are useful to assess the predominance of ESBL-producing isolates recovered from dogs and in cats in Brazil. Consequently, we draw attention to these animals, as they can act as reservoirs for these microorganisms, which are the major pathogens of nosocomial infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Antonio Pilegi Sfaciotte
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Leandro Parussolo
- Departamento Acadêmico de Linguagem, Tecnologia, Educação e Ciência (DALTEC), Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Danielle Melo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Paula Wildemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Giseli Bordignon
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Naiara Dognani Israel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Marta Leitzke
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Sheila Rezler Wosiacki
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Zanini Salbego
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Maciel da Costa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, CEDIMA, Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinária, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
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Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase type of Escherichia coli isolates from chicken, dog, pig and yak in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:726-732. [PMID: 32659505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the genetic diversity, phylogenetic grouping, antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) types of Escherichia coli isolates from chickens, dogs, pigs and yaks in six prefectures of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces, China, were investigated. METHODS E. coli was isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy faecal samples. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), phylogenetic grouping, antimicrobial resistance and ESBL profiles were investigated. RESULTS A total of 142 MLST sequence types (STs) were identified from 400 E. coli isolates. eBURST clustering analysis resolved the 142 STs into 19 clonal complexes (CCs) and 67 singletons. PCR phylogenetic typing determined the isolation rate of potentially pathogenic B2/D group isolates among all E. coli to be 12.5% from healthy animal samples and 17.5% from diarrhoeic samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 78 antimicrobial resistance patterns. E. coli resistance rates were highest to doxycycline, ampicillin and tetracycline, whereas polymyxin B and meropenem had the lowest resistance rates. All polymyxin B-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for the mcr-1 gene. A total of 62 ESBL-producing isolates were identified. The ESBL prevalence was 55.0% in diarrhoeic samplings and 5.6% in healthy animals. TEM (82.3%) was the predominant ESBL type, followed by CTM (43.5%) and SHV (19.4%). CONCLUSION E. coli isolates in the study area have a high diversity of genetic and antimicrobial resistance patterns but a relatively low isolation rate of potentially pathogenic phylogroups. However, the somewhat high isolation rate of multidrug-resistant E. coli, particularly ESBL-producing isolates, requires continual surveillance of E. coli from animals in these areas.
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Piccolo FL, Belas A, Foti M, Fisichella V, Marques C, Pomba C. Detection of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diseased cats in Italy. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:613-622. [PMID: 31524037 PMCID: PMC10814436 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19868029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cats affected by diseases commonly encountered in practice, and to characterise the third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistance molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Clinical samples (n = 100) included 58 rectal swabs from cats with diarrhoea, 31 nasal swabs from cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease, four ear swabs from cats with otitis, three conjunctival swabs from cats with conjunctivitis, two oral swabs from cats with stomatitis, one swab from a skin abscess and one urine sample from a cat with cystitis. A total of 125 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 90 cats. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species (n = 65), followed by Enterobacter species (n = 20), Proteus species (n = 13), Citrobacter species (n = 12) and others (n = 15). Bacterial susceptibility testing was performed with respect to eight antimicrobial classes. Beta (β)-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS Overall, the higher frequency of resistance was to amoxicillin-clavulanate (61.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.6%) and cefotaxime (32.8%). Thirty-six percent of the isolates (n = 45) were resistant to 3GCs. Of these isolates, 34 were tested by PCR and nucleotide sequencing and 23 were confirmed as encoding β-lactamase genes. Fourteen 3GC-resistant isolates harboured extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) belonging to groups CTX-M-1 (n = 12, two of which were CTX-M-79), CTX-M-2 (n = 1) and CTX-M-9 (n = 1), as well as SHV-12 (n = 1) and TEM-92 (n = 1). Nine isolates had CMY-2 plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC). Thirty-one percent (n = 39) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and were isolated from 34% (n = 31/90) of the cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high frequency of MDR and ESBL/pAmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected among bacteria isolated from a feline population in southern Italy with a variety of common clinical conditions, which poses limitations on therapeutic options for companion animals. We describe the first detection of CTX-M-79 and TEM-92 ESBL genes in isolates from cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lo Piccolo
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Belas
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Foti
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fisichella
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cátia Marques
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Joosten P, Van Cleven A, Sarrazin S, Paepe D, De Sutter A, Dewulf J. Dogs and Their Owners Have Frequent and Intensive Contact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4300. [PMID: 32560155 PMCID: PMC7345801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Contact and interactions between owners and their pets may have beneficial physical and social effects on people, but may also facilitate the transmission of zoonotic agents and resistant bacteria. To estimate the risk of these contacts, more information regarding the frequency and intensity of this physical contact is required. Therefore, an online survey was conducted among pet owners resulting in 701 completed questionnaires. Questions regarding the interactions between dogs and owners were linked with a score from 1 (limited interactions) to 3 (highly intense interactions). After scoring these self-reported interactions, a contact intensity score was calculated for each respondent by summing up the different allocated scores from all questions. This contact intensity score was used to identify predictors of more intense contact based on a multivariable linear regression model. Interactions between dogs and their owners were widespread (e.g., 85.3% of the dogs licked their owner's hand) and intense (e.g., 49.3% of owners reported being licked in the face). The gender, age, and place of residence (city, village, or countryside) of the respondent, together with the size and age of the dog, were significantly associated with the contact intensity score in the multivariable model. On average, female respondents younger than 65 years who lived in the city and had a small young dog had the most intense contact with it. Further research is necessary to evaluate the risk of these interactions in light of zoonotic and antimicrobial resistance transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Joosten
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.V.C.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Alexia Van Cleven
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.V.C.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Steven Sarrazin
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.V.C.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - An De Sutter
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (A.V.C.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
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Zaniolo MM, Santos ICD, Barbosa LN, Pachaly EMV, Caetano ICDS, Lopes KFC, Marques MA, Mota EA, Martins LA, Piau Junior R, Germano RDM, Pachaly JR, Gonçalves DD. Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Enterobacteria Isolated from Free-Living Primates. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:513-516. [PMID: 32315580 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and to detect strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in free-living Sapajus nigritus. Oral and rectal swabs were collected from 15 primates to isolate and identify bacteria, conduct phenotypic tests to detect antimicrobial sensitivity and ESBL-producing strains, and calculate the multiple antimicrobial resistance index. The least effective antimicrobial was amoxicillin (72.72%) and ampicillin (57.57%), and the samples were considered as high risk for public health. No sample was positive for ESBL production. The results show that this study is relevant to One Health initiatives, considering the possibility of transmission of bacterial resistance and resistant genes originating from direct or indirect interaction of S. nigritus with parkgoers. However, these animals cannot be considered as the only reservoirs and transmitters of resistant bacteria as they can be contaminated by human-origin bacteria that can be extremely harmful and often prove lethal to them that play an important role in relationship to the ecology, spreading seeds and controlling insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marchi Zaniolo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Nunes Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Cristina da Silva Caetano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karoline Franciane Cardoso Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Aparecido Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edinalva Almeida Mota
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ranulfo Piau Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Melo Germano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Pachaly
- Brazilian Institute of Specialties in Veterinary Medicine (EspecialVet), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
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Iseppi R, Di Cerbo A, Messi P, Sabia C. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase/AmpC-producing (ESBL/AmpC) Enterobacteriaceae from Humans and Pets. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E152. [PMID: 32244399 PMCID: PMC7235867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the virulence factors, genes, antibiotic resistance patterns, and genotypes (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) production in Enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fecal samples of humans, dogs, and cats. METHODS A total of 100 fecal samples from 50 humans, 25 dogs, and 25 cats were used in the study. MICs of nine antimicrobials were determined using the broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) and virulence genes both in Enterococcus species, such as cytolysin (cylA, cylB, cylM), aggregation substance (agg), gelatinase (gelE), enterococcal surface protein (esp), cell wall adhesins (efaAfs and efaAfm), and in Enterobacteriaceae, such as cytolysin (hemolysin) and gelatinase production (afa, cdt, cnf1, hlyA, iutA, papC, sfa). RESULTS Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species in humans and cats, whereas Enterococcus faecalis was the species isolated in the remaining samples. A total of 200 Enterobacteriaceae strains were also detected, mainly from humans, and Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species in all types of samples. In the Enterococcus spp, the highest percentages of resistance for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were detected in cat isolates (41.6%, 52.8%, 38.9%, 23.6%, 62.5%, 20.8%, and 23.6% respectively), and in E. coli, a higher rate of resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime emerged in cat and dog samples, if compared with humans (75.4% and 66.0%, 80.0% and 71.4%, and 32.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Regarding the total number of enterococci, 5% and 3.4% of the strains were vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant, and the vancomycin resistance (van A) gene has been detected in all samples by PCR amplification. All the Enterobacteriaceae strains were confirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and sequencing, and the most frequent ESBL genes in E.coli strains from humans and pet samples were blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that one or more virulence factors were present in both genera, underlining again the ability of pet strains to act as pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Iseppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.M.); (C.S.)
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Joosten P, Ceccarelli D, Odent E, Sarrazin S, Graveland H, Van Gompel L, Battisti A, Caprioli A, Franco A, Wagenaar JA, Mevius D, Dewulf J. Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Companion Animals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three European Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E87. [PMID: 32079072 PMCID: PMC7175148 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Companion animals have been described as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), however data remain scarce. Therefore, the objectives were to describe antimicrobial usage (AMU) in dogs and cats in three European countries (Belgium, Italy, and The Netherlands) and to investigate phenotypic AMR. A questionnaire and one fecal sample per animal (n = 303) were collected over one year and AMU was quantified using treatment incidence (TI). Phenotypic resistance profiles of 282 Escherichia coli isolates were determined. Nineteen percent of the animals received at least one antimicrobial treatment six months preceding sampling. On average, cats and dogs were treated with a standard daily dose of antimicrobials for 1.8 and 3.3 days over one year, respectively. The most frequently used antimicrobial was amoxicillin-clavulanate (27%). Broad-spectrum antimicrobials and critically important antimicrobials for human medicine represented 83% and 71% of the total number of treatments, respectively. Resistance of E. coli to at least one antimicrobial agent was found in 27% of the isolates. The most common resistance was to ampicillin (18%). Thirteen percent was identified as multidrug resistant isolates. No association between AMU and AMR was found in the investigated samples. The issue to address, regarding AMU in companion animal, lies within the quality of use, not the quantity. Especially from a One-Health perspective, companion animals might be a source of transmission of resistance genes and/or resistant bacteria to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Joosten
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (E.O.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Daniela Ceccarelli
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (D.C.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.)
| | - Evelien Odent
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (E.O.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Steven Sarrazin
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (E.O.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Haitske Graveland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Antonio Battisti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Department of General Diagnostics, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Caprioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Department of General Diagnostics, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Franco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Department of General Diagnostics, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (D.C.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (D.C.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (E.O.); (S.S.); (J.D.)
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Amadi VA, Hariharan H, Amadi OA, Matthew-Belmar V, Nicholas-Thomas R, Perea ML, Carter K, Rennie E, Kalasi K, Alhassan A, Kabuusu RM, Alozie GU, Fields PJ, Pinckney R, Sharma R. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from feces of non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada, West Indies. Vet World 2019; 12:2070-2075. [PMID: 32095061 PMCID: PMC6989324 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2070-2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: There is currently no published information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli in dogs of Grenada origin. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance helps in the empirical selection of antibiotics. This study determined the occurrence of E. coli including the O157:H7 serotype in feces of non-diarrheic dogs of Grenada origin and the antibiotic resistance pattern of the E. coli isolates. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from 142 of the 144 (98.6%) dogs were culture positive for E. coli. Selection of up to three colonies from each of the 142 E. coli-positive samples yielded a total of 402 E. coli isolates, which were analyzed for the presence of non-sorbitol fermenting colonies, and O157-agglutination. Results: Of the 402 E. coli isolates, 30 (7.5%) were non-sorbitol fermenters. However, none of the 402 isolates gave a positive reaction (O157:H7) to the E. coli O157:H7 latex kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against 12 antibiotics revealed low resistance rates to all the tested antibiotics except for tetracycline (Te) (23.4%), cephalothin (CF) (13.2%), and ampicillin (AM) (7.7%). Thirty-nine out of the 402 (9.7%), E. coli isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics of different classes. Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of commensal E. coli from non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada. Some of the isolates (39/402 isolates, 9.7%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study showed that presently, dogs in Grenada should not be considered a reservoir for the E. coli O157:H7 serotype and for multiple antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains. Among the 402 E. coli isolates, the resistance rate to drugs other than Te, CF, and AM was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Amadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Harry Hariharan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Ozioma A Amadi
- Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Vanessa Matthew-Belmar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Roxanne Nicholas-Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Marta Lanza Perea
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Kenrith Carter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Eugene Rennie
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Keith Kalasi
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Andy Alhassan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Richard M Kabuusu
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Grant Ugochukwu Alozie
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Paul J Fields
- Office of Research, School of Graduate Studies, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Rhonda Pinckney
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Ravindra Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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Urumova VS. Prevalence of resistance to some beta-lactams among commensal canine E. coli isolates. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of 80 E. coli strains isolated from canine rectal swabs to antimicrobial drugs was tested in this study. The results showed 47.5% resistance to ampicillin, 18.7% to the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and 6.2% to cephalothin. The percentage of E. coli isolates resistant to tetracycline was 26.2%, to ciprofloxacin 12.5%, and to gentamicin 10%. The resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime was the lowest (1.2% and 2.5% respectively). Determined MIC90 of ampicillin were 16 μg/mL, and of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin 8 μg/mL. The main resistance genotype of isolates to tested beta-lactams was associated with presence of blaTEM.
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Carriage and population genetics of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in cats and dogs in New Zealand. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:61-67. [PMID: 31176414 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of infections with extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E) is increasing both in humans and animals. There is a paucity of data about the rate of faecal carriage of ESBL-E in pets. In this study, faecal swabs collected from 586 pets (225 cats; 361 dogs) in Auckland, New Zealand, were analysed for the presence of ESBL-E by culture, and a questionnaire was delivered to the owners. The ESBL-E were characterised and data elicited by the questionnaires were used for a multivariable analysis, to investigate the factors associated with faecal ESBL-E carriage. The prevalence of ESBL-E in faecal swabs was 6.4%. The β-lactamase genes detected in the ESBL-E were the blaCTX-M-14 (n = 2) and blaCMY-2 (n = 34). Several isolates displayed multilocus sequence types (ST) associated with human and animal infections. Multiple isolates sharing the same ST displayed different antibiograms and β-lactamase genes, reflecting horizontal gene transfer between and within ST. Variables independently associated with increased odds of ESBL-E carriage were: animal received systemic antimicrobial treatment in the six months before the sampling; presence of household members working in veterinary clinics; presence of household members travelling overseas in the six months before the sampling. We conclude that pets are colonised by ESBL-E which are genotypically similar to the bacteria found to infect humans and animals. The statistical analysis suggested a number of eco-epidemiological factors associated with ESBL-E carriage. In particular, they suggest veterinary clinics may represent hot-spots of antimicrobial resistance.
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Ortega-Paredes D, Haro M, Leoro-Garzón P, Barba P, Loaiza K, Mora F, Fors M, Vinueza-Burgos C, Fernández-Moreira E. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from canine faeces in a public park in Quito, Ecuador. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 18:263-268. [PMID: 30980959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study focused on estimating the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases, carbapenemases and MCR-1-producing Escherichia coli in canine faeces from a public park in Quito, Ecuador. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of E. coli isolated from 50 canine faecal samples recovered from a city park in Quito was performed. In addition, a multiple choice survey was conducted among 50 dog owners. RESULTS Of the 50 faecal samples, 20 (40.0%) presented E. coli resistant to ceftriaxone. Moreover, 23 E. coli isolates were recovered for further analysis. All of the isolates showed as multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype (resistant to three or more antibiotic families). Resistance to carbapenems, tigecycline and amikacin was not observed. No major clonal relatedness was observed among the resistant isolates. The ESBL genes blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-65 were the most common. Two isolates harboured the blaCMY-2 gene and one isolate harboured both mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-65. Statistical analysis showed that older people were more conscious of collecting and disposing of dog faeces than subjects aged <35 years (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The finding of MDR E. coli in dog faeces in a city park in Ecuador illustrates the importance of analysing canine faeces in public settings (e.g. parks, playgrounds) as part of surveillance programmes for MDR E. coli. In addition, this research might be a sentinel sampling method to gain a better understanding of community sources of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at human-animal-environment interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortega-Paredes
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencias a los Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Life Science Initiative, lsi-ec.com, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Marco Haro
- Life Science Initiative, lsi-ec.com, Quito, Ecuador; Laboratorio Clínico e Inmunológico INMUNOLAB, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paula Leoro-Garzón
- Life Science Initiative, lsi-ec.com, Quito, Ecuador; Laboratorio Clínico e Inmunológico INMUNOLAB, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Barba
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
| | - Karen Loaiza
- Life Science Initiative, lsi-ec.com, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Mora
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital General del Sur de Quito (IESS), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha Fors
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencias a los Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Abbas G, Khan I, Mohsin M, Sajjad-Ur-Rahman, Younas T, Ali S. High rates of CTX-M group-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from pets and their owners in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:571-578. [PMID: 30881062 PMCID: PMC6411320 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s189884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pet animals have been considered a potential carrier of clinically important multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli. However, little is known about the role of pets as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in Pakistan. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and genetic relatedness of ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant E. coli in pets, their owners, and veterinary professionals. METHODS A total of 105 fecal samples were collected from dogs, cats, their owners, and veterinary professionals from veterinary clinics. Isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The presence of bla CTX-M genes and CTX-M groups I and II in multidrug-resistant E. coli was detected using PCR. Clonal diversity was checked using BOX-PCR. RESULTS Of the 105 fecal samples screened, 73 (69.5%) were found to contain ESBL-producing E. coli. The percentage of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in dogs and dog owners was found to be 81.8% (18/22) and 59% (13/22), respectively. In cats, this percentage was 73.9% (17/23) and in cat owners, 56.5% (13/23). Furthermore, 80% (12/15) of E. coli isolates in veterinary professionals were ESBL producers. Of these 73 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 23 isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The most prevalent multidrug-resistant pattern (17.4%) identified was resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. In the multidrug-resistant E. coli, bla CTX-M was identified as the most common ESBL-producing genotype (19/23), with bla CTX-M-1 dominating in all 19 isolates. Furthermore, BOX-PCR analysis exhibited genetically diverse clonal groups among isolates of the CTX-M-1 group. CONCLUSION Our results provide important baseline information on the potential burden of multidrug-resistant E. coli among companion animals in Pakistan. Further studies are needed to understand the drivers of antimicrobial resistance at human-animal-environmental intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Abbas
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Sajjad-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Tayyaba Younas
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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