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Han M, Yang H, Huang H, Du J, Zhang S, Fu Y. Allelopathy and allelobiosis: efficient and economical alternatives in agroecosystems. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:11-27. [PMID: 37751515 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical interactions in plants often involve plant allelopathy and allelobiosis. Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon leading to interference among organisms, while allelobiosis is the transmission of information among organisms. Crop failures and low yields caused by inappropriate management can be related to both allelopathy and allelobiosis. Therefore, research on these two phenomena and the role of chemical substances in both processes will help us to understand and upgrade agroecosystems. In this review, substances involved in allelopathy and allelobiosis in plants are summarized. The influence of environmental factors on the generation and spread of these substances is discussed, and relationships between allelopathy and allelobiosis in interspecific, intraspecific, plant-micro-organism, plant-insect, and mechanisms, are summarized. Furthermore, recent results on allelopathy and allelobiosis in agroecosystem are summarized and will provide a reference for the future application of allelopathy and allelobiosis in agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - H Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - J Du
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - S Zhang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, China
| | - Y Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, China
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Reshi ZA, Ahmad W, Lukatkin AS, Javed SB. From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches. Metabolites 2023; 13:895. [PMID: 37623839 PMCID: PMC10456650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are gaining an increasing importance in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and food, as is the need for reliable and efficient methods of procuring these compounds. To develop sustainable and cost-effective approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the biosynthetic pathways and the factors influencing secondary metabolite production is essential. These compounds are a unique type of natural product which recognizes the oxidative damage caused by stresses, thereby activating the defence mechanism in plants. Various methods have been developed to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in plants. The elicitor-induced in vitro culture technique is considered an efficient tool for studying and improving the production of secondary metabolites in plants. In the present review, we have documented various biosynthetic pathways and the role of secondary metabolites under diverse environmental stresses. Furthermore, a practical strategy for obtaining consistent and abundant secondary metabolite production via various elicitation agents used in culturing techniques is also mentioned. By elucidating the intricate interplay of regulatory factors, this review paves the way for future advancements in sustainable and efficient production methods for high-value secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Altaf Reshi
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
| | - Waquar Ahmad
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
| | - Alexander S. Lukatkin
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Saad Bin Javed
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Z.A.R.); (W.A.)
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Sawatdee S, Jarunglumlert T, Pavasant P, Sakihama Y, Flood AE, Prommuak C. Effect of mixed light emitting diode spectrum on antioxidants content and antioxidant activity of red lettuce grown in a closed soilless system. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:351. [PMID: 37415111 PMCID: PMC10324264 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light spectra have been demonstrated to result in different levels of comfort or stress, which affect plant growth and the availability of health-promoting compounds in ways that sometimes contradict one another. To determine the optimal light conditions, it is necessary to weigh the vegetable's mass against the amount of nutrients it contains, as vegetables tend to grow poorly in environments where nutrient synthesis is optimal. This study investigates the effects of varying light conditions on the growth of red lettuce and its occurring nutrients in terms of productivities, which were determined by multiplying the total weight of the harvested vegetables by their nutrient content, particularly phenolics. Three different light-emitting diode (LED) spectral mixes, including blue, green, and red, which were all supplemented by white, denoted as BW, GW, and RW, respectively, as well as the standard white as the control, were equipped in grow tents with soilless cultivation systems for such purposes. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the biomass and fiber content did not differ substantially across treatments. This could be due to the use of a modest amount of broad-spectrum white LEDs, which could help retain the lettuce's core qualities. However, the concentrations of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity in lettuce grown with the BW treatment were the highest (1.3 and 1.4-fold higher than those obtained from the control, respectively), with chlorogenic acid accumulation (8.4 ± 1.5 mg g- 1 DW) being particularly notable. Meanwhile, the study observed a high glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the plant achieved from the RW treatment, which in this study was deemed the poorest treatment in terms of phenolics accumulation. CONCLUSION In this study, the BW treatment provided the most efficient mixed light spectrum to stimulate phenolics productivity in red lettuce without a significant detrimental effect on other key properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopanat Sawatdee
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wang Chan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Teeraya Jarunglumlert
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Ban Khai, Rayong, 21180, Thailand
| | | | - Yasuko Sakihama
- Graduate School/Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Adrian E Flood
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wang Chan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Chattip Prommuak
- Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Krzemińska M, Hnatuszko-Konka K, Weremczuk-Jeżyna I, Owczarek-Januszkiewicz A, Ejsmont W, Olszewska MA, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of Salvia bulleyana Diels. Molecules 2023; 28:4603. [PMID: 37375158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various strategies have been used to increase the efficiency of secondary metabolite production in Salvia plants. This report is the first to examine the spontaneous development of Salvia bulleyana shoots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes on hairy roots and the influence of light conditions on the phytochemical profile of this shoot culture. The transformed shoots were cultivated on solid MS medium with 0.1 mg/L of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 1 mg/L of m-Top (meta-topolin), and their transgenic characteristic was confirmed by PCR-based detection of the rolB and rolC genes in the target plant genome. This study assessed the phytochemical, morphological, and physiological responses of the shoot culture under stimulation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths (white, WL; blue, B; red, RL; and red/blue, ML) and under fluorescent lamps (FL, control). Eleven polyphenols identified as phenolic acids and their derivatives were detected via ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) in the plant material, and their content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rosmarinic acid was the predominant compound in the analyzed extracts. The mixed red and blue LEDs gave the highest levels of polyphenol and rosmarinic acid accumulation (respectively, 24.3 mg/g of DW and 20.0 mg/g of DW), reaching two times greater concentrations of polyphenols and three times greater rosmarinic acid levels compared to the aerial parts of two-year-old intact plants. Similar to WL, ML also stimulated regeneration ability and biomass accumulation effectively. However, the highest total photosynthetic pigment production (1.13 mg/g of DW for total chlorophyll and 0.231 mg/g of DW for carotenoids) was found in the shoots cultivated under RL followed by BL, while the culture exposed to BL was characterized as having the highest antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Krzemińska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Wiktoria Ejsmont
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika A Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Pant P, Pandey S, Dall'Acqua S. The Influence of Environmental Conditions on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants: A Literature Review. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100345. [PMID: 34533273 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants, a source of different phytochemical compounds, are now subjected to a variety of environmental stresses during their growth and development. Different ecologically limiting factors including temperature, carbon dioxide, lighting, ozone, soil water, soil salinity and soil fertility has significant impact on medicinal plants' physiological and biochemical responses, as well as the secondary metabolic process. Secondary metabolites (SMs) are useful for assessing the quality of therapeutic ingredients and nowadays, these are used as important natural derived drugs such as immune suppressant, antibiotics, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. Plants have the ability to synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites to cope with the negative effects of stress. Here, we focus on how individual environmental variables influence the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. A total of 48 articles were found to be relevant to the review topic during our systematic review. The review showed the influence of different environmental variables on SMs production and accumulation is complex suggesting the relationship are not only species-specific but also related to increases and decline in SMs by up to 50 %. Therefore, this review improves our understanding of plant SMs ability to adapt to key environmental factors. This can aid in the efficient and long-term optimization of cultivation techniques under ambient environmental conditions in order to maximize the quality and quantity of SMs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Pant
- Central Institute of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudip Pandey
- Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- DSF Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, via Marzolo, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
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Hashim M, Ahmad B, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH, Anjum S. Comparative Effects of Different Light Sources on the Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Plants In Vitro Cultures. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1521. [PMID: 34451566 PMCID: PMC8398697 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are known to have a variety of biological activities beneficial to human health. They are becoming more popular as a result of their unique features and account for a major portion of the pharmacological industry. However, obtaining secondary metabolites directly from wild plants has substantial drawbacks, such as taking a long time, posing a risk of species extinction owing to over-exploitation, and producing a limited quantity. Thus, there is a paradigm shift towards the employment of plant tissue culture techniques for the production of key secondary metabolites in vitro. Elicitation appears to be a viable method for increasing phytochemical content and improving the quality of medicinal plants and fruits and vegetables. In vitro culture elicitation activates the plant's defense response and increases the synthesis of secondary metabolites in larger proportions, which are helpful for therapeutic purposes. In this respect, light has emerged as a unique and efficient elicitor for enhancing the in vitro production of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Various types of light (UV, fluorescent, and LEDs) have been found as elicitors of secondary metabolites, which are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Eure & Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Eure & Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan;
| | - Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
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Jung WS, Chung IM, Hwang MH, Kim SH, Yu CY, Ghimire BK. Application of Light-Emitting Diodes for Improving the Nutritional Quality and Bioactive Compound Levels of Some Crops and Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:1477. [PMID: 33803168 PMCID: PMC7963184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a key factor that affects phytochemical synthesis and accumulation in plants. Due to limitations of the environment or cultivated land, there is an urgent need to develop indoor cultivation systems to obtain higher yields with increased phytochemical concentrations using convenient light sources. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have several advantages, including consumption of lesser power, longer half-life, higher efficacy, and wider variation in the spectral wavelength than traditional light sources; therefore, these devices are preferred for in vitro culture and indoor plant growth. Moreover, LED irradiation of seedlings enhances plant biomass, nutrient and secondary metabolite levels, and antioxidant properties. Specifically, red and blue LED irradiation exerts strong effects on photosynthesis, stomatal functioning, phototropism, photomorphogenesis, and photosynthetic pigment levels. Additionally, ex vitro plantlet development and acclimatization can be enhanced by regulating the spectral properties of LEDs. Applying an appropriate LED spectral wavelength significantly increases antioxidant enzyme activity in plants, thereby enhancing the cell defense system and providing protection from oxidative damage. Since different plant species respond differently to lighting in the cultivation environment, it is necessary to evaluate specific wavebands before large-scale LED application for controlled in vitro plant growth. This review focuses on the most recent advances and applications of LEDs for in vitro culture organogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the production of different phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant enzymes, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Suk Jung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.J.); (I.-M.C.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.J.); (I.-M.C.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Myeong Ha Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.H.H.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.J.); (I.-M.C.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (M.H.H.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.J.); (I.-M.C.); (S.-H.K.)
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Landi M, Zivcak M, Sytar O, Brestic M, Allakhverdiev SI. Plasticity of photosynthetic processes and the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants in response to monochromatic light environments: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148131. [PMID: 31816291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Light spectra significantly influence plant metabolism, growth and development. Here, we review the effects of monochromatic blue, red and green light compared to those of multispectral light sources on the morpho-anatomical, photosynthetic and molecular traits of herbaceous plants. Emphasis is given to the effect of light spectra on the accumulation of secondary metabolites, which are important bioactive phytochemicals that determine the nutritional quality of vegetables. Overall, blue light may promote the accumulation of phenylpropanoid-based compounds without substantially affecting plant morpho-anatomical traits compared to the effects of white light. Red light, conversely, strongly alters plant morphology and physiology compared to that under white light without showing a consistent positive effect on secondary metabolism. Due to species-specific effects and the small shifts in the spectral band within the same color that can substantially affect plant growth and metabolism, it is conceivable that monochromatic light significantly affects not only plant photosynthetic performance but also the "quality" of plants by modulating the biosynthesis of photoprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic; Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Flavonoids from Brazilian Cerrado: Biosynthesis, Chemical and Biological Profile. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162891. [PMID: 31395797 PMCID: PMC6720525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are highly bioactive compounds with very low toxicity, which makes them attractive starting points in drug discovery. This study aims to provide information on plant species containing flavonoids, which are found in the Brazilian Cerrado. First, we present the characterization and plant diversity with emphasis on the families of flavonoid-producing plants, and then we describe the phenylpropanoid pathway which represents the flavonoids’ main route biosynthesis—generally conserved in all species. Chemical structures and biological activities of flavonoids isolated from the Cerrado’s plant species are also described based on examples from the relevant literature studies. Finally, research on the biodiversity of the Cerrado biome should be encouraged, due to the discovery of new sources of flavonoids which can provide several benefits to human health and the possibility of developing new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry.
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Isah T. Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biol Res 2019; 52:39. [PMID: 31358053 PMCID: PMC6661828 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the growth condition(s) of plants, numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced by them to serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes, and recent increasing evidences have implicated stress and defense response signaling in their production. The type and concentration(s) of secondary molecule(s) produced by a plant are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth. This suggests the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. The past recent decades had witnessed renewed interest to study abiotic factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. Application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating understanding the signaling processes and pathways involved in the SMs production at subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasiu Isah
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110 062, India.
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Eichhorn Bilodeau S, Wu BS, Rufyikiri AS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. An Update on Plant Photobiology and Implications for Cannabis Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 31001288 PMCID: PMC6455078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent developments in plant photobiology and lighting systems for horticultural crops, as well as potential applications for cannabis (Cannabis sativa and C. indica) plant production. The legal and commercial production of the cannabis plant is a relatively new, rapidly growing, and highly profitable industry in Europe and North America. However, more knowledge transfer from plant studies and horticultural communities to commercial cannabis plant growers is needed. Plant photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis are influenced by light wavelength, intensity, and photoperiod via plant photoreceptors that sense light and control plant growth. Further, light properties play a critical role in plant vegetative growth and reproductive (flowering) developmental stages, as well as in biomass, secondary metabolite synthesis, and accumulation. Advantages and disadvantages of widespread greenhouse lighting systems that use high pressure sodium lamps or light emitting diode (LED) lighting are known. Some artificial plant lighting practices will require improvements for cannabis production. By manipulating LED light spectra and stimulating specific plant photoreceptors, it may be possible to minimize operation costs while maximizing cannabis biomass and cannabinoid yield, including tetrahydrocannabinol (or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabidiol for medicinal and recreational purposes. The basics of plant photobiology (photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis) and electrical lighting systems are discussed, with an emphasis on how the light spectrum and lighting strategies could influence cannabis production and secondary compound accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Lefsrud
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Influence of light quality on growth, secondary metabolites production and antioxidant activity in callus culture of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:258-265. [PMID: 29747145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a rare medicinal herb well-known for its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties due to the presence of a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids. These secondary metabolites are generating considerable interest due to their potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The present study investigated the influence of light quality on growth, production of industrially important secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. Callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata were established under different light conditions: 100% red, 100% blue, 100% green, RGB (40% red: 40% green: 20% blue) and 100% white (control). The results showed that the callus cultures grown under red light accumulated maximum amount of biomass (7.43 g/l) on day 21 of culture, as compared to other light conditions. Maximum specific growth rate (0.126 days-1) and doubling time (132.66 h) was observed in callus cultures grown under red light. Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed that the callus cultures exposed to blue light accumulated maximum amount of Salidroside (3.12 mg/g DW) on day 21 of culture, as compared to other light conditions. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed that the callus cultures exposed to blue light accumulated maximum amount of total phenolics (11.84 mg CHA/g DW) and total flavonoids (5.53 mg RE/g DW), as compared to other light conditions. Additionally, callus cultures grown under blue light displayed enhanced DPPH free radical scavenging activity (53.50%). Callus cultures grown under different light conditions showed no significant difference in ascorbic acid content (11.05-13.90 mg/g DW) and total antioxidant capacity (27.37-30.17 mg QE/g DW). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in callus cultures (r = 0.85). Taken together, these results demonstrate the remarkable potential of light quality on biomass accumulation and production of industrially important secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. This study will open new avenues and perspectives towards abiotic elicitation strategies for sustainable growth and enhanced production of bioactive compounds in in-vitro cultures of Rhodiola imbricata.
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