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Zahed MA, Salehi S, Khoei MA, Esmaeili P, Mohajeri L. Risk assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene, and Xylene (BTEX) in the atmospheric air around the world: A review. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105825. [PMID: 38615724 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds, such as BTEX, have been the subject of numerous debates due to their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Human beings have had a significant role in the emergence of this situation. Even though US EPA, WHO, and other health-related organizations have set standard limits as unhazardous levels, it has been observed that within or even below these limits, constant exposure to these toxic chemicals results in negative consequences as well. According to these facts, various studies have been carried out all over the world - 160 of which are collected within this review article, so that experts and governors may come up with effective solutions to manage and control these toxic chemicals. The outcome of this study will serve the society to evaluate and handle the risks of being exposed to BTEX. In this review article, the attempt was to collect the most accessible studies relevant to risk assessment of BTEX in the atmosphere, and for the article to contain least bias, it was reviewed and re-evaluated by all authors, who are from different institutions and backgrounds, so that the insights of the article remain unbiased. There may be some limitations to consistency or precision in some points due to the original sources, however the attempt was to minimize them as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Salehi
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Petropars Company, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Akbarzadeh Khoei
- Department of Fiber and Particle Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pedram Esmaeili
- Department of Fiber and Particle Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Mohajeri
- Department of HSE, Ostovan Kish Drilling Company (OKDC), No. 148, Dastgerdi Street (Zafar), Tehran, Iran
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2
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Veenstra J, Ozog D. Benzoyl peroxide use in acne therapy: Evaluating the association with acute myeloid leukemia risk. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00687-X. [PMID: 38704034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Veenstra
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
| | - David Ozog
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Liu Y, Zeng M, Li Z, Lin C, Bao J, Ding W, Wang S, Fan Q, Sun Q, Luo H, Huang J, Chen S, Tang H. Linc01588 deletion inhibits the malignant biological characteristics of hydroquinone-induced leukemic cells via miR-9-5p/SIRT1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116295. [PMID: 38581908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia caused by environmental chemical pollutants has attracted great attention, the malignant leukemic transformation model of TK6 cells induced by hydroquinone (HQ) has been previously found in our team. However, the type of leukemia corresponding to this malignant transformed cell line model needs further study and interpretation. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of malignant proliferation of leukemic cells induced by HQ remains unclear. This study is the first to reveal the expression of aberrant genes in leukemic cells of HQ-induced malignant transformation, which may correspond to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The expression of Linc01588, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), was significantly up-regulated in CLL patients and leukemic cell line model which previously described. After gain-of-function assays and loss-of-function assays, feeble cell viability, severe apoptotic phenotype and the increased secretion of TNF-α were easily observed in malignant leukemic TK6 cells with Linc01588 deletion after HQ intervention. The tumors derived from malignant TK6 cells with Linc01588 deletion inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice were smaller than controls. In CLL and its cell line model, the expression of Linc01588 and miR-9-5p, miR-9-5p and SIRT1 were negative correlation respectively in CLL and cell line model, while the expression of Linc01588 and SIRT1 were positive correlation. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that Linc01588 & miR-9-5p, miR-9-5p & SIRT1 could bind directly, respectively. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-9-5p successfully rescued the severe apoptotic phenotype and the increased secretion of TNF-α caused by the Linc01588 deletion, the deletion of Linc01588 in human CLL cell line MEC-2 could also inhibit malignant biological characteristics, and the phenotype caused by the deletion of Linc01588 could also be rescued after overexpression of SIRT1. Moreover, the regulation of SIRT1 expression in HQ19 cells by Linc01588 and miR-9-5 P may be related to the Akt/NF-κB pathway. In brief, Linc01588 deletion inhibits the malignant biological characteristics of HQ-induced leukemic cells via miR-9-5p/SIRT1, and it is a novel and hopeful clue for the clinical targeted therapy of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Minjuan Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan Key Laboratory for Development and Application of Experimental Animal Resources in Biomedical Industry, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Caixiong Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524002, China
| | - Weihua Ding
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524033, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qin Fan
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jinqi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | | | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Hematology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Cox LA, Thompson WJ, Mundt KA. Interventional probability of causation (IPoC) with epidemiological and partial mechanistic evidence: benzene vs. formaldehyde and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:252-289. [PMID: 38753561 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2337435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Causal epidemiology for regulatory risk analysis seeks to evaluate how removing or reducing exposures would change disease occurrence rates. We define interventional probability of causation (IPoC) as the change in probability of a disease (or other harm) occurring over a lifetime or other specified time interval that would be caused by a specified change in exposure, as predicted by a fully specified causal model. We define the closely related concept of causal assigned share (CAS) as the predicted fraction of disease risk that would be removed or prevented by a specified reduction in exposure, holding other variables fixed. Traditional approaches used to evaluate the preventable risk implications of epidemiological associations, including population attributable fraction (PAF) and the Bradford Hill considerations, cannot reveal whether removing a risk factor would reduce disease incidence. We argue that modern formal causal models coupled with causal artificial intelligence (CAI) and realistically partial and imperfect knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms, show great promise for determining and quantifying IPoC and CAS for exposures and diseases of practical interest. METHODS We briefly review key CAI concepts and terms and then apply them to define IPoC and CAS. We present steps to quantify IPoC using a fully specified causal Bayesian network (BN) model. Useful bounds for quantitative IPoC and CAS calculations are derived for a two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model for carcinogenesis and illustrated by applying them to benzene and formaldehyde based on available epidemiological and partial mechanistic evidence. RESULTS Causal BN models for benzene and risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incorporating mechanistic, toxicological and epidemiological findings show that prolonged high-intensity exposure to benzene can increase risk of AML (IPoC of up to 7e-5, CAS of up to 54%). By contrast, no causal pathway leading from formaldehyde exposure to increased risk of AML was identified, consistent with much previous mechanistic, toxicological and epidemiological evidence; therefore, the IPoC and CAS for formaldehyde-induced AML are likely to be zero. CONCLUSION We conclude that the IPoC approach can differentiate between likely and unlikely causal factors and can provide useful upper bounds for IPoC and CAS for some exposures and diseases of practical importance. For causal factors, IPoC can help to estimate the quantitative impacts on health risks of reducing exposures, even in situations where mechanistic evidence is realistically incomplete and individual-level exposure-response parameters are uncertain. This illustrates the strength that can be gained for causal inference by using causal models to generate testable hypotheses and then obtaining toxicological data to test the hypotheses implied by the models-and, where necessary, refine the models. This virtuous cycle provides additional insight into causal determinations that may not be available from weight-of-evidence considerations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis A Cox
- Cox Associates and University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Kenneth A Mundt
- Independent Consultants in Epidemiology, Amherst, MA, USA
- Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Yu L, Qiu W, Gao Y, Sun M, Chen L, Cui Z, Zhu D, Guo P, Tang H, Luo H. JNK1 activated pRb/E2F1 and inhibited p53/p21 signaling pathway is involved in hydroquinone-induced pathway malignant transformation of TK6 cells by accelerating the cell cycle progression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2344-2351. [PMID: 37347496 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important metabolites of benzene in the body, and it has been found to result in cellular DNA damage, mutation, cell cycle imbalance, and malignant transformation. The JNK1 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair. In this study, we focused on whether the JNK1 signaling pathway is involved in the HQ-induced cell cycle abnormalities and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that HQ induced abnormal progression of the cell cycle and initiated the JNK1 signaling pathway. We further confirmed that JNK1 suppression decelerated the cell cycle progression through inhibiting pRb/E2F1 signaling pathway and triggering p53/p21 pathway. Therefore, we concluded that JNK1 might be involved in HQ-induced malignant transformation associated with activating pRb/E2F1 and inhibiting p53/p21 signaling pathway which resulting in accelerating the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxue Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weifeng Qiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zheming Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Delong Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Pu Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Ling X, Zhong B, Han Y, Pan Z, Yuan Q, Meng J, Zheng D, Chen X, Zhong Q, Liu L. PARP-1 inhibits DNMT1-mediated promoter methylation and promotes linc01132 expression in benzene-exposed workers and hydroquinone-induced malignant transformed cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:646-655. [PMID: 37264554 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2220389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the main active metabolites of benzene, can induce the abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Studies have shown that lncRNA plays an important role in the occurrence of hematologic tumors induced by benzene or HQ. However, the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP-1) interacts with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to regulate promoter methylation mediated linc01132 expression in HQ-induced TK6 malignant transformed cells (HQ-MT). The results revealed that the expression of linc01132 was increased in benzene-exposed workers and HQ-MT cells. The methylation of linc01132 promoter region was inhibited. Furthermore, in HQ-MT cells treated with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzaC) (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) or trichostatin A (TSA) (histone deacetylation inhibitor), the expression of linc01132 was increased due to the regulation of DNA promoter methylation level by inhibiting DNMT1 expression. The methylation level of linc01132 promoter was correlated negatively with the expression of linc01132 in benzene-exposed workers, indicating that DNA methylation may contribute the expression of linc01132. Knockout of DNMT1, not DNMT3b, increased the expression of linc01132 as well as the demethylation of linc01132 promoter in HQ-MT cells. It was found that by knockdown PARP-1, the expression of DNMT1 in the nucleus was increased by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, leading to the inhibition of hypermethylation in the promoter region of linc01132. Therefore, PARP-1 inhibits DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-mediated promoter methylation and plays a role in linc01132 expression in benzene-exposed workers or HQ-MT cells, and is associated with benzene or HQ induced leukemia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Fengzhi Jiang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ling
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Bohuan Zhong
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Yali Han
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Zhijie Pan
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, China
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Social Management Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jinxue Meng
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Dongyan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhong
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Linhua Liu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
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7
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Cardito A, Carotenuto M, Amoruso A, Libralato G, Lofrano G. Air quality trends and implications pre and post Covid-19 restrictions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162833. [PMID: 36933733 PMCID: PMC10020133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution causes millions of premature deaths every year. Thus, air quality assessment is essential to preserve human health and support authorities to identify proper policies. In this study, concentration levels of 6 air contaminants (benzene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ground level ozone, particulate matters) as monitored in 2019, 2020 and 2021 by 37 stations, located in Campania (Italy) were analysed. Particular attention has been paid to March-April 2020 period to get clues on the possible effects of the lockdown regulations, imposed in Italy from March 9th to May 4th to limit COVID-19 spread, on atmospheric pollution. Air Quality Index (AQI), an algorithm developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), allowed us to classify the air quality from moderately unhealthy to good for sensitive groups. The evaluation of air pollution impact on human health by using the AirQ+ software evidenced a significant decrement of adult mortality in 2020 respect to 2019 and 2021. Among the six pollutants considered, PM10 and PM2.5 resulted the less affected by the lockdown restrictions. Finally, a comparison between NO2 ground level concentration and the reprocessed Level 2 NO2 tropospheric column concentration obtained from satellite surveys highlighted as concentration measured at the ground level stations can be strongly influenced by the station position and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cardito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Antonella Amoruso
- Department of Physics "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", via Vicinale Cupa Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Na, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
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Yang J, Fan X, Zhang H, Zheng W, Ye T. A review on characteristics and mitigation strategies of indoor air quality in underground subway stations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161781. [PMID: 36708828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapidly increasing ridership and the relatively enclosed underground space, the indoor air quality (IAQ) in underground subway stations (USSs) has attracted more public attention. The air pollutants in USSs, such as particulate matter (PM), CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are hazardous to the health of passengers and staves. Firstly, this paper presents a systematic review on the characteristics and sources of air pollutants in USSs. According to the review work, the concentrations of PM, CO2, VOCs, bacteria and fungi in USSs are 1.1-13.2 times higher than the permissible concentration limits specified by WHO, ASHRAE and US EPA. The PM and VOCs are mainly derived from the internal and outdoor sources. CO2 concentrations are highly correlated with the passenger density and the ventilation rate while the exposure levels of bacteria and fungi depend on the thermal conditions and the settled dust. Then, the online monitoring, fault detection and prediction methods of IAQ are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed. In addition, the available control strategies for improving IAQ in USSs are reviewed, and these strategies are classified and compared from different viewpoints. Lastly, challenges of the IAQ management in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and several suggestions for underground stations' IAQ management in the future are put forward. This paper is expected to provide a comprehensive guidance for further research and design of the effective prevention measures on air pollutants in USSs so as to achieve more sustainable and healthy underground environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xianwang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300350, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Wandong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300350, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300000, PR China.
| | - Tianzhen Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300350, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300000, PR China
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Wang J, Han L, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang L, Jing J, Gao A. Genus unclassified_Muribaculaceae and microbiota-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid are involved in benzene-induced hematopoietic injury in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137499. [PMID: 36493894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a group I carcinogen determined by IARC. The prevalence of benzene in occupational and general environments increases the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among workers and childhood leukemia. However, the mechanism of hematotoxicity induced by benzene remains unclear. Recently, the gut microbiota has been regarded as a pivotal part of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Therefore, in this study, we explored the function of gut microbiota in hematopoietic injury induced by benzene by 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that benzene exposure caused bone marrow damage, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) dysfunction, and peripheral blood cell reduction. Moreover, intestinal barrier damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis were also observed in benzene-exposed mice. Interestingly, two gut flora, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and unclassified_Muribaculaceae, were significantly up-regulated and associated with hematopoietic indicators, suggesting that gut-host crosstalk might mediate benzene hematotoxicity. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites, are the primary mediators of the gut-host crosstalk. Therefore, we conducted absolute quantitative metabolomics to investigate the impact of benzene exposure on these metabolites in mice. The results showed that the concentration of SCFA butyrate, tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, and Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) were significantly altered after benzene exposure. However, no difference was found in bile acids. Significant correlations were found between altered metabolites and hematopoietic indicators. We then investigated the flora that derived these metabolites. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and unclassified_Muribaculaceae were enriched in the butyrate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis further suggested that unclassified_Muribaculaceae was positively associated with butyrate (r = 0.588, P < 0.05) and IPA (r = 0.59, P < 0.05). The above results demonstrated that unclassified_Muribaculaceae and microbiota-derived butyrate and IPA were involved in hematopoietic toxicity caused by benzene. This study provides insight into gut microbiota-derived metabolites-host crosstalk in benzene hematopoietic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jiaru Jing
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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10
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Cui S, Pang B, Yan H, Wu B, Li M, Xing C, Li J. Using Urinary Biomarkers to Estimate the Benzene Exposure Levels in Individuals Exposed to Benzene. TOXICS 2022; 10:636. [PMID: 36355928 PMCID: PMC9698901 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urinary benzene metabolites trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-MA), and S-phenyl mercapturic acid (S-PMA) are often used as biomarkers of internal exposure to benzene. However, there are few reports on using urinary benzene metabolites to estimate airborne benzene concentrations in individuals exposed to benzene. In this study, t, t-MA, and S-PMA were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS, and a simple pharmacokinetic model was used to calculate the daily intake (DI) of benzene based on the levels of urinary t, t-MA, and S-PMA in occupational individuals. The back-calculated airborne benzene levels (BCABL) were obtained from the DI of benzene. Among the exposed subjects (n = 84), the median BCABL (3.67 mg/m3) based on t, t-MA was very close to the median level of measured airborne benzene (3.27 mg/m3, p = 0.171), and there was no effect of smoking or dietary habits on t, t-MA-based BCABL. In the control subjects (n = 49), the levels of measured airborne benzene were all below the quantitation limit (0.024 mg/m3), and the BCABL (0.002-0.25 mg/m3) calculated by S-PMA was close to this background level. Our study suggests that the t, t-MA-based BCABL can reflect the actual airborne benzene level in a range of 1.10-86.91 mg/m3 and that the S-PMA-based BCABL is more reliable for non-professional benzene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Cui
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Jinan Railway Disease Control and Prevention Center, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Kreis C, Héritier H, Scheinemann K, Hengartner H, de Hoogh K, Röösli M, Spycher BD. Childhood cancer and traffic-related air pollution in Switzerland: A nationwide census-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107380. [PMID: 35809486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle exhaust is a major contributor to air pollution, and exposure to benzene or other carcinogenic components may increase cancer risks. We aimed to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollution and risk of childhood cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Switzerland. We identified incident cases from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry diagnosed < 16 years of age between 1990 and 2015 and linked them probabilistically with the census-based Swiss National Cohort study. We developed land use regression models to estimate annual mean ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene outside 1.4 million children's homes. We used risk-set sampling to facilitate the analysis of time-varying exposure and fitted conditional logistic regression models adjusting for neighborhood socio-economic position, level of urbanization, and background ionizing radiation. We included 2,960 cancer cases in the analyses. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for exposure to NO2 per 10 μg/m3 were 1.00 (95%-CI 0.88-1.13) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 1.31 (95%-CI 1.00-1.71) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using exposure lagged by 1 to 5 years instead of current exposure attenuated the effect for AML. The adjusted HR for exposure to benzene per 1 μg/m3 was 1.03 (95%-CI 0.86-1.23) for ALL and 1.29 (95%-CI 0.86-1.95) for AML. We also observed increased HRs for other diagnostic groups, notably non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our study adds to the existing evidence that exposure to traffic-related air pollution is associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia, particularly AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kreis
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harris Héritier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Heinz Hengartner
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Children's Hospital of Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben D Spycher
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Shallis RM, Gore SD. Agent Orange and dioxin-induced myeloid leukemia: a weaponized vehicle of leukemogenesis. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1534-1543. [PMID: 35105250 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2034156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Agent Orange (AO) was the dominant weaponized herbicide employed by the United States (US) military during the Vietnam war. AO, however, was found to be regularly contaminated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic dioxin known; furthermore, AO was commonly diluted in the field with other aromatic hydrocarbons to assist with delivery mechanisms. Unbeknownst to the US military and the millions exposed, these events have likely contributed to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) that has affected many veterans. Null studies regarding an association between AO exposure and AML/MDS are limited in their methodology and application. The acknowledgement that the known carcinogen TCDD was a contaminant in AO when paired with a strong biological plausibility for its leukemogenicity and an observed increased risk of AML/MDS in TCDD-exposed individuals should suffice to establish causal association and that veterans to whom this might apply should be awarded appropriate indemnity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven D Gore
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Health Trends among 9/11 Responders from 2011-2021: A Review of World Trade Center Health Program Statistics. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021; 36:621-626. [PMID: 34550060 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x21000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a single day, the September 11, 2001 US terrorist attacks (9/11) killed nearly 3,000 people, including 412 first responders. More than 91,000 responders were exposed to a range of hazards during the recovery and clean-up operation that followed. Various health programs track the on-going health effects of 9/11, including the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program (WTCHP). The objective of this research was to review WTCHP statistics reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to analyze health trends among enrolled responders as the 20-year anniversary of the terrorist attacks approaches. METHODS The WTCHP statistics reported by the CDC were analyzed to identify health trends among enrolled responders from 2011 through 2021. Statistics for non-responders were excluded. RESULTS A total of 80,745 responders were enrolled in the WTCHP as of March 2021: 62,773 were classified as general responders; 17,023 were Fire Department of New York (FDNY) responders; and 989 were Pentagon and Shanksville responders. Of the total responders in the program, 3,439 are now deceased. Just under 40% of responders with certified health issues were aged 45-64 and 83% were male. The top three certified conditions among enrolled responders were: aerodigestive disorders; cancer; and mental ill health. The top ten certified cancers have remained the same over the last five years, however, leukemia has now overtaken colon and bladder cancer as the 20-year anniversary approaches. Compared to the general population, 9/11 first responders had a higher rate of all cancers combined, as well as higher rates of prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukemia. DISCUSSION Trends in these program statistics should be viewed with some caution. While certain illnesses have been linked with exposure to the WTC site, differences in age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and other factors between exposed and unexposed groups should also be considered. Increased rates of some illnesses among this cohort may be associated with heightened surveillance rather than an actual increase in disease. Still, cancer in general, as well as lung disease, heart disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), seem to be increasing among 9/11 responders, even now close to 20 years later. CONCLUSION Responders should continue to avail themselves of the health care and monitoring offered through programs like the WTCHP.
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